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第二讲非谓语动词考查非谓语动词的句法功能了解句法功能Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1．(2017·浙江卷6月)Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonh

adremovedthediamondring____________(cook)ameal.tocook解析：此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填tocook。2．(2017·北京卷)Jimhasretired,buth

estillremembersthehappytime____________(spend)withhisstudents.spent解析：time和spend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。3．(2017·天津卷)

Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain____________(catch)．tocatch解析：此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlar

gepots,____________(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.using解析：主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。5．(2016·浙江卷)Asuddenstopcanbeavery____

________(frighten)experience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.frightening解析：此处修饰名词experience，根据句意此处指“令人可怕的经历”，所以experien

ce名词前面用动词的-ing形式作定语。6．(2016·北京卷)____________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.Ordered解析：句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，现

在预计随时会到。order与逻辑主语thebooks之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故答案为Ordered。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解

读1．非谓语动词作状语(1)非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式；(2016·北京卷)Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片

。(2)非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词；Thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。(3)非谓语动词作

结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词；Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)(陕西卷)Morehighway

shavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)(4)非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒

哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。Iamonlytoogladtoseeeverythingsettled.看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。Beingti

red,hewenttobedearly.因为很累，他很早就睡了。Seeingthepolice,thethievesranaway.看到警察，小偷就跑了。源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(

专注的),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)，dressedin(穿着)等。Absorbedinhisbook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。2．非谓语动词作定语非谓语动

词类别用法动词不定式表示将要发生的动作动名词表示用途分词现在分词表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中过去分词表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成Wearepreparingforthemid-termexaminationtobeheldnextweek.我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。The

lecture,starting(＝whichwasstarting)at7：00p．m.lastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescope

s.讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。3．非谓语动词作补足语(1)常接不定式作宾补的

动词或动词短语有：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,remind,tell,want,warn,

wish,callon(号召；要求),dependon等；(山东卷)Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我们期望人们放弃

开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。(2)使役动词have,let,make等后面可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；Ilikethefilmbecauseitcanmakem

elaugh.我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。(3)感官动词(短语)see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等，后面可接省去to的不定式和动词­ing形式作其宾语补足语，动词不定式表示动作的全

过程，动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行；(湖南卷)Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(4)have,keep,leave,find,catch,send等动词后可接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语；Shekept

mewaitingforover20minutes.她让我等了二十多分钟。(5)过去分词作宾语补足语want,like,wish,order,have,make,get,keep,leave,see,hear,find,feel,notice,observe,watch等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语

补足语。(福建卷)JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglishimprovedinashortperiod.珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。知晓固定结构Ⅰ示之以范__

__________________________________________________原则这样运用1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalo

ngwithtopmodels,wants____________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.toprove解析：wanttodosth.“想要做某事”，是固定用法。2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadoriald

utieswillinclude____________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentrein

themistymountainsofBifengxia.introducing解析：include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoff

ice,you’llbelesslikely____________(bring)yourworkhome.tobring解析：belikelytodosth.“可能做某事”。4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenan

ewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough____________(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenig

ht.tocool解析：be＋adj.＋enoughtodosth.“足够„„来做某事”。5．(2017·陕西西安二模)____________(judge)fromhisaccent,heisfromthesouthofChina.Judging解析：句意：从他的口音判断，他来自

中国南方。judgingfrom意为“从„„判断”，为独立成分，作状语时不用考虑它和句子主语之间的关系。6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.____________________wear→wearing解析：by

是介词，后接动名词短语作宾语。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读1．若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用动名词：suggest,risk,imagine,mind,admit,e

njoy,include,practice,allow,avoid,advise,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto,devoteone’

stimeto等。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。2．若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用不定式：decide,refuse,promise,pretend,hesitate,m

anage,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。(2017·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)Nervousandanxious,Jillfailedtomakeagoodimpressionatthejobinterview.又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象

。(1)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。meantodosth.打算做某事doingsth.意味着做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）doingsth

.忘记做过某事（已做）regrettodosth.遗憾要去做某事（未做）doingsth.后悔做过某事（已做）trytodosth.尽力做某事doingsth.试着做某事goontodosth.继续做另外一件事doingsth.继续做同一件事remem

bertodosth.记着去做某事（未做）doingsth.记得做过某事（已做）can’thelp（to）dosth.不能帮助做某事doingsth.情不自禁地做某事(2)若动名词或不定式作宾语，且有宾语

补足语，则常用it作形式宾语。IregrettotellyouthatIcan’tacceptyourinvitation.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的邀请。IstillrememberbeingtakentotheGreatWall

andwhatIsawthere.我仍记得别人带我去过长城，并记得在那里我所看到的一切。Ifeelitimpossiblefortheworktobefinishedtoday.我认为今天不可能完成这项工作。3．wit

h复合结构中补足语的比较：withsb./sth.doing（表主动、进行）sth.done（表被动、完成）sth.todo（表将来）Withsomanypeoplelookingathim,hefeltverynervous.那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。Withtheprob

lemsolved,thequalityhasbeenimproved.问题解决了，质量也提高了。4．有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构：consideringthat鉴于，考虑到judgingby/from从„„来看supposing/providing/pr

ovided/assumingthat...假定，假设comparedwith/to与„„相比Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,comparedwithhisoldone.与迈克的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大

宫殿。看清逻辑主语Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1．(2016·浙江卷)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy__

__________(conduct)inAustraliain2012.conducted解析：这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词astudy。2．(2015·陕西卷)Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAf

rica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother____________(take)goodcareofathome.taken解析：mother与takegoodcareof之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，构成seesb.done“看到某人被„„”

。表客观事实而非正在进行的动作，故不可用beingtaken形式。3．(四川卷)Theairport____________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthi

sarea.tobecompleted解析：句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业发展。由时间状语nextyear可知，complete发生在将来，所以用不定式作定语。此外，complete与其逻辑主语airp

ort之间为动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动形式。4．(2017·四川成都七中诊断)Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhisson____________(dress)asSantaClausonChristmasEve.dressed解析：句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣

诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dresssb.或sb.be/getdressed结构。5．Filmhasamuchshorterh

istory,especiallywhen____________(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.compared解析：句意：电影的历史要短得多，尤其是当它和像音乐与绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。所给动词compar

e与其逻辑主语film之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，相当于whenfilmiscomparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting。Ⅱ通关点击_________________________

___________________________原则这样解读1．若非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子的主语。若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，则用现在分词形式；若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。(2015·北京卷)Thepar

kwasfullofpeople,enjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.公园里有许多人，享受着日光浴。Seenfromspace,theearthlookslikeahugewater­coveredglobe.从

太空看，地球像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体。2．若非谓语动词作宾语补足语，则其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。若宾语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，且强调进行，则用现在分词形式；若宾语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。Isawhimclimbingthefence

justnow.我刚才看见他在爬这个栅栏。Avillagersawthelittlegirltakenawaybyamiddle-agedlady.一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。3．若非谓语动词作定语，与其逻辑主语为主动关系时用现在分词，为被

动关系时用过去分词。“Thingslostnevercomeagain！”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.我不禁自言自语：“覆水难收啊！”(北京卷)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningcer

emonyliveonTV.昨晩，有上百万的人观看开幕式的电视直播。考查非谓语动词的时态和语态记牢时态语态Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1．(2017·浙江卷6月)Pahlss

onandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot____________(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadover

thegarden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.swept解析：此处thering与sweep之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，构

成getdone结构。2．(重庆卷)____________(ask)toworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.Havingbeenasked解析：句意：那天晚上

我被要求加班，错过了一场精彩的电影。所给动词ask与其逻辑主语I之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且ask表示的动作发生在谓语动词missed的动作之前，故用现在分词的完成被动式在句中作原因状语。3．(2015·天津卷)____________(work)fortwoday

s,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.Havingworked解析：由fortwodays可知分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，且与句子主语为主动关系，所以用havingdone形式。4．(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)Ifthereisnoa

iminourlives,wewillgetlose.____________________lose→lost解析：get这里起一个系动词的作用，相当于become，后接过去分词，表状态，getlost意为“

失踪的，迷路的”。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读非谓语动词形式意义过去分词表示被动完成不定式的被动式表示被动但尚未发生

现在分词的被动式表示被动进行动名词的被动式表示被动非谓语动词的完成式非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前(四川卷)Offeredanimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.由于在这部新电影中担任了重要角色，所以安迪有了出名的

机会。(表原因)WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcou

ldn’tunderstandit.被告知了多次，他仍旧不明白。,[学生用书P18])Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)TheYangtzeRiver，________(know)inChinaastheChangJiangisthelongestriveri

nAsiaandthelongestintheworldtoflowentirelywithinonecountry.known解析：主语theYangtzeRiver和know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。2．(2017·浙江宁波九校联考)Ilik

estayinguplate____________(watch)TV,surfingtheInternetordoingsomethingI’mfondof.watching解析：逻辑主语I与watch之

间为主动关系，表示伴随状态，故填现在分词watching。3．(2017·玉溪一中第二次月考)Youloseweightforawhile,only____________(gain)backmoreweightwhenyoustopyourw

eightlossprogram.togain解析：“only＋不定式”表示意想不到的结果。4．(2017·太原一模)Theunhappymousediedsooninthewater,andhisdea

dbodyfloatedaroundonthesurface,____________(fasten)tothefootofthefrog.fastened解析：考查非谓语动词。fasten和句子谓语floated之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其主语hisdeadbody构

成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。5．(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)Noonecanignoretherichculture____________(date)backtoancienttimeschangingintothemodernageataspeedands

calethathasneverbeenwitnessed.dating解析：考查非谓语动词。date和句子谓语动词ignore之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且词组datebackto没有被动形式，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。6．(2017·洛阳

第一次统考)The15-year-oldfromOaklandhasfascinatedaudiencesintheU．S.andChinawithhisability____________(sing)pitch-perfectMandarin(普通话)andperform

theancientChineseartform.tosing解析：考查非谓语动词。abilitytodosth.意为“做某事的能力”，为固定词组搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。7．(2017·湖南六校联盟高三联考)Ofcourse,____________(enjoy)aniceme

alwithfriends,whateverweeat,canalsoimpactourspirits.Beingwithfriendsandfamilyplaysabigpartinexperiencinghappiness.enjoying解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构

可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。8．(2017·天津卷)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,____________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.allowing解析：逗号前面为完整的句子

，此处应用非谓语动词形式；Thehospital与allow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。9．(2017·广东七校联合体第二次联考)Wewenttoafastfoodrestaurantfordinnertogether.Myhusbandwenttothecounter_

___________(order)dishesandIstoodwithmyparents.toorder解析：考查动词不定式。句意：我的丈夫去柜台订餐，我和我的父母在一起站着。空处表示去柜台的目的，故用动词不定式。10．(2017

·合肥第一次检测)EmperorQinShihuangsimplifiedChinesecharactersandregularruleswereset,____________(make)iteasierforpeopletolearnandmaste

r.making解析：考查非谓语动词。动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词，故用现在分词making在此处作状语。11．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)Ifeltlikeanidiot.Ishouldnothaveleftwithoutchargingmycellph

one.ThebatterywasdeadandIwasalonewithoutanyway____________(contact)myfamily.tocontact解析：考查不定式。设空句意：我手机电池没有电了，我独自一人

，没有办法和家人联系。根据anyway和句意可知，应用动词不定式作anyway的后置定语。12．(2017·贵州适应性考试)Whenyoumeetpeoplefromdifferentcultures，itisimport

ant____________(understand)whatyoucanandcannotdo.tounderstand解析：考查动词不定式。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了itis/was＋adj.＋todosth.的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。Ⅱ单句改错1．(2017·

广东七校第二次联考)IliketravellingandmydreamofvisitBeijing,thecapitalcityofourcountry,cametrueduringtheNationalDayholiday

sthisyear.____________________visit→visiting解析：考查动名词。of为介词，后接动名词作宾语。2．(2017·西安六校联考)Beforeheardhisanswer,shestartedtoreadhimalmosteverysi

nglegreetingcardoutlouduntiltheelderlymansmiled.____________________heard→hearing解析：考查动名词。before为介词，后接

名词、代词或动名词，故用hear的动名词形式hearing。3．(2017·重庆南开中学月考)TheChineserestaurantnamingNewPandaBuffetprovidesgenuineChinesefood,whichmanydinershavegi

ven5-starreviews.____________________naming→named解析：restaurant与name之间为被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故将naming改为named。4．(2017

·湖北武汉高三调考)LastSundaywasmybirthday,soIinvitedsomeguysgooutwithmeforacelebration.____________________go前加to解析：动词invite后应用

不定式作其补足语，即invitesb.todosth.。5．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)SoIwouldliketoadviseyounottohurtyourselftotryingtomakemoney._____________

_______trying→try解析：考查动词不定式。此处是动词不定式表目的，故to后应用动词原形try。6．(2017·吉林吉大附中月考)Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandt

riedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.____________________Thought→Thinking解析：分析句子结构可知，Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong在句中作状语，think与其逻辑

主语I之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故将Thought改为Thinking。7．(2017·南昌十校二模)68%ofthestudentssurveyinghavestudyinganxietyaswellaspooreyesight._______________

_____surveying→surveyed解析：非谓语动词错误。本句中的谓语动词是have，故students后应是分词作后置定语，survey与所修饰的students构成被动关系，所以用过去分词。8．(2017·河南八市重点高中质检)Thereisagrowntende

ncynowadaysforsomepeopletotreatanimalsaslivingmeatandwalkingfur.____________________grown→growing解析：根据

is可知，此处表示“正在增长的趋势”，而不是已经增长的趋势，所以用现在分词growing作定语。故将grown改为growing。Ⅲ短文改错(2017·湖南衡阳第二次联考)Goodmorning,everyone!WhatI’dliketoshareitwithyoutodayismy

sourceofstrength.Mygrandmotherdiedoftheincurableillnesslastyear,andIstillmissherterribly.Iwillneverseeheragain,neve

rsharealaughwithherandbuyheranewscarf.TheolderIget,themoreIrealizethatlove,unconditionallove,israrel

y.Whenyouloseagrandparent,youloseoneofthefewpersonswholoveyou.Somuchhashappenedfrommygrandmother’sdeath.Tim

ekeepsrushedforward.SometimesIwishIcanmakeitstop.Inthechaosofthesechangingtimes,mygrandmothergavemenumeroussweetmemoryt

hatIcanholdonto.ImaynotalwaysknowI’mgoing,butIwillalwaysknowwhereIcamefrom.Tome,thatwasasourceofgreatstrength

.答案：Goodmorning,everyone!WhatI’dliketoshareit＼withyoutodayismysourceofstrength.Mygrandmotherdiedofthe

anincurableillnesslastyear,andIstillmissherterribly.Iwillneverseeheragain,neversharealaughwithherandorbuyheranewsca

rf.TheolderIget,themoreIrealizethatlove,unconditionallove,israrelyrare.Whenyouloseagrandparent,youloseoneofthefewpersonswholoveyou.Somuchhasha

ppenedfromsincemygrandmother’sdeath.Timekeepsrushedrushingforward.SometimesIwishIcancouldmakeitstop.Inthechaosoft

hesechangingtimes,mygrandmothergavemenumeroussweetmemorymemoriesthatIcanholdonto.Imaynotalwaysknow∧whereI’mgoing

,butIwillalwaysknowwhereIcamefrom.Tome,thatwasisasourceofgreatstrength.