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第三讲形容词和副词句子成分切莫忘Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·浙江卷6月)Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda______
______(shine)object.shiny/shining解析:根据空格后的object可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故填shiny或shining。2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengines
wereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen____________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.fairly解析:修饰形容词u
npleasant应用副词。3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.____________________steady→steadily解析:grow是谓语动词,故用副词修饰。4.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)L
otsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.____________________seriously→se
rious解析:problem为名词,前面应用形容词修饰。5.(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Thereareplentyofjobsavailablyinthewesternpartofthecountry._________
___________availably→available解析:修饰名词jobs应用形容词,availably是副词。Ⅱ通关点击_______________________________________________
__________原则这样解读(1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语,要想到用形容词;(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语,要想到用副词;(3)形容词作状语时,表示状态或结果。(2017·山东高三下学期综
合测试)RonhadasuccessfulcareerandworkedforFordbeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.在退休过轻松日子之前,罗恩在福特公司工作,他的事业很成功。Luckily,herstepmotherwaskindtoher.幸运
的是,她的继母对她很好。Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.经过长时间旅行后,他们三个回到了家,又饿又累。牢记几组易混形容词、副词Ⅰ示之以范___________________________
_________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·沈阳监测)Passingthroughseveralstreets,wesawnoonebutonlyrubbishhereandt
here.Anhourlater,Istillcouldn’tbeartokeepmyeyes____________(wide)open.wide解析:考查副词。空处修饰形容词open,故用副词形式;wide本身就有副词词性,意为“完全地”。注意:此处不能填widely,widely主
要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。2.(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)“God,helpme!”Ibeggedanxiously.“Istheresomeonewhowillbekindenoughtostopandhelpmeout?”___________
_,therewasnosignofanyone.However解析:考查副词。空处前句表达作者想得到别人帮助的愿望,空后句意为“看不到任何人”,前后为转折关系且有逗号隔开,故用副词However。3.(2017·沈阳监测)Ireceivedan__
__________(amaze)lookbecausehethoughtIwascrazy.AChineseworkmatejoinedme.amazed解析:考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”,形容人的表情
,故用amazed。4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.____________________Beside→Besides解析:beside是介词,此
处需要副词,故用besides,表示“除„„之外(还)”。5.(全国卷Ⅰ)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpofourfather,mysisterandIplanted
somecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.____________________before→ago解析:before和一段时间连用常表示过去某时间之前;ago和一段时间连用则表示在多长时间之前。根据句意可知,指大约在五年前,故用
ago。6.(2016·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchild,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate.____________________late→later解析:句意:当我还是个小孩子时,我爸爸创造一个定期
的活动,这个活动我很多年之后依然记忆清晰。本句中混用了late与later,前者为形容词“迟到,迟做”或副词“迟,晚”,后者为副词“后来”。“一段时间+later”表示这段时间之后。7.(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)Inmyopinion,successliesinaseriesof
goals.However,weshouldremembertomakeourtargetsclearandsparenoefforttorealizeourdreams.____________________However→Therefore解析:上下文是因果
关系,应用表示因果关系的副词。且句中有逗号与后面的句子分开,所以应用therefore。8.(2017·合肥第一次质量检测)IhadagreatEnglishteacher,Maggie.Sheletmeknowtheim
portanceofEnglish.SoIdecidedtolearnEnglishhardly.____________________hardly→hard解析:考查副词。句意:因此我决定努力学习英语。hard意为“努力地”,hardly意为“几乎不”。根据句意可知,应用hard。Ⅱ通
关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读1.before,ago(1)ago:常用于一般过去时,它所指的时间从现在算起。(2)before:常用于过去完成时,它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。2.late
,later(1)lateadj.迟到的;adv.迟,晚(2)later(也是late的比较级)adj.后来的,以后的adv.后来,以后3.however,therefore(1)however:副词,表示转折。(2)therefore:副词,表示
因果关系。4.常见的易用错的形容词和副词(1)以-ly结尾的形容词。如:friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly,deadly等。(2)意义有别的同根副词。如:close靠近
(通常指距离)closely密切地,仔细地hard努力地,费力地hardly几乎不most最,(程度上)最大,非常mostly一般地,主要地(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式,以-ly结尾的表示抽象意义,与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如:wide宽地,widel
y广泛地,如:bewidelyknown被广泛了解high高地,highly高度地,如:thinkhighlyof评价高deep深地,deeply深深地,如:bedeeplymoved被深深感动5.-ed型形容词和-
ing型形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令人„„”(-ing),还是“感到„„”(-ed);第二,看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)还是感受(-ed)。构词知识记端详Ⅰ示之以范___________________
_________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·浙江宁波十校联考)Sohismother,whowas____________(will)topayforhiseducation,broughthimhometolook
afterthesheep.unwilling解析:根据后面的“broughthimhometolookafterthesheep”可知,此处表示“不愿意的”,故填unwilling。2.(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Float
ingonapoolofwateratthebaseandlookingupatthewaterfallwithabackgroundofblueskywasoneofthemost____________(relax)experiencesofm
ylife.relaxing解析:名词前应用形容词作定语,此处修饰experiences,故用relaxing“令人放松的”。3.(2017·湖北华大联盟高三质检)Itisprobablyoneoftheearliestandl
ongest____________(last)sportswhichusesbothmusclesandbrain.lasting解析:用在名词前应为定语,故用lasting“持续的”。4.(2017·安徽师大附中测试)Whatawonderfule
xamplethesetwoelderlysistersweretome!Iwillalwaysbe____________(thank)thatIhadtheopportunitytoknowthem.thankful解析:考查形容词。be动词后一般跟形容词作表语,
故此处用形容词形式。5.(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)Thisisalsowherefriendsandfamilygathertokeepwarmandtalkatnight.Sittingbythefirem
ademefeel____________(peace),anditwaslikeIwasexperiencingthetraditionalChinesewayoflife.peaceful解析:考查形容词。该句中的“feel”为连系动词
,后接形容词,此处表示“坐在炉火旁使我感到平静”。6.(2017·新疆第二次适应性检测)Therearemanykindsofreferencebooksavailableinthebookmarket.Asmartuseofthesebooksiscertainly
____________(benefit),butthemisuseandoveruseofthemmaycausealotofproblems.beneficial解析:考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词
is的表语。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读1.形容词变副词的后缀后缀示例直接加-lyslowadj.慢的→slowl
yadv.缓慢地改y为-ilyhappyadj.高兴的→happilyadv.高兴地去e加-lytrueadj.真的→trulyadv.真地2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有:-able,al,
ful,ed,ing,ible,ive,ous,some,y,ern,ish等。后缀示例-ableacceptvt.接受→acceptableadj.可接受的-edconfusevt.使困惑→confusedadj.感到
困惑的-ingconvincevt.说服,使信服→convincingadj.令人信服的-fulforgetvt.忘记→forgetfuladj.健忘的alnaturen.自然→naturaladj.自然的-ibleaccessn.进入,使用权
,通路→accessibleadj.容易取得的ouscautionn.谨慎→cautiousadj.谨慎的3.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有:dis-,il,im,in,ir,mis,un,less等。前/后缀示例il-leg
aladj.合法的→illegaladj.不合法的in-convenientadj.方便的→inconvenientadj.不方便的ir-regularadj.有规律的→irregularadj.没规律的un-willingadj.乐意的→u
nwillingadj.不乐意的-lessusefuladj.有用的→uselessadj.无用的考查比较等级比较等级细思量Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2016·
全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof____________(great)andlessimportance.greater解析:句意:如果你因
工作上的责任感到压抑,你应该后退一步,并且识别一下这些工作中哪些更重要,哪些不那么重要。根据句意以及little的比较级less的提示可知空格处应用形容词great的比较级greater。2.(2017·沈阳监测)Wefeltsafeforthenexthalfhoursowedecidedtog
oeven____________(far).farther/further解析:考查比较级。根据该句中的“even”可以判断,此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”,故用far的比较级。3.(2017·东北三省四市二模)Ubersaidits
flyingvehicleswouldbemuch____________(quiet),costlesstooperateandproducelesspollutionthanhelicopters
.quieter解析:考查形容词比较级。根据下文的than可知,此处用比较级。4.(2017·广东七校联合体第二次联考)Iwasscanningtherestaurant,waitingtositatthefirsttab
lethatwas____________(convenient)thanothers.moreconvenient解析:考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知,空处用形容词的比较级。5.(2017·全国卷
Ⅱ)Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.____________________earlier→early解析:此处没有比较的含义,仅表示主语习惯性的行为,应用early。6.(2015
·陕西卷)Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.____________________better→best解析:根据句子后面的限定
范围intheworld可知,此处应用最高级。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读1.“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越„„越„„”。Itisbelievedthattheh
arderyouwork,thebetterresultyouwillget.人们相信,工作越努力,得到的结果将越好。2.“the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词”表示“两个中较„„的”。Whichisthebetterofthe
twouniversities,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversityorFudanUniversity?上海交大与复旦大学,实力较强的是哪一个?3.“oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围”表示“„„中最„„的„„之一”。NewYorkisoneofth
ebiggestcitiesinAmerica.纽约是美国最大的城市之一。4.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。Mr.Stevensonisgreattoworkfor—Ireallycouldn’taskforabetterboss.为斯蒂文森先生
工作感觉非常好,我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。5.可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal及数量词、表示倍数的词等,常放在比较级的前面
。Thehotelisrathermoreexpensivethanthatone.这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。,[学生用书P21])Ⅰ单句语法填空1.(2017·福建六校联考)Staying____________(health)whiletravelingcanhe
lptoensureyourtripisahappyandenjoyableone.healthy解析:句意:在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词,意为“保持”,其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。2.(2017·河南信阳高中第四次
大考)Atfirst,manypeopledislikedthisstyleofpaintingandbecamevery____________(anger)aboutit.angry解析:句意:起初
,许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格,并对此感到很生气。系动词became后面应用形容词作表语,故填angry。beangryaboutsth.意为“对某事感到生气”,为固定短语。3.(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)OnNewYear’sDay,wevisitedeveryne
ighborinthevillageandweregreeted____________(warm)ateachhouse.warmly解析:考查副词。根据空前的weregreeted可知,空处修饰动词,故用副词形式。4.(
2017·太原二模)Lifeisaboutgivingandtaking,andit’s____________(general)truethatifyougive,youwillreceive.generally解析:考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词,故填generally。5.(2017·广东
湛江调研)Themoresupportyouwinfromothers,the____________(fast)youwillmovetowardyourgoal.faster解析:句意:你赢得别人的支持越多,就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the+比较级,the+比较级
”结构,意为“越„„越„„”。因此,设空处应用比较级。故填faster。6.(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)WhateverhappensinChina,thethird____________(large)countryintheworldwith20percentofthewor
ld’spopulation,willcertainlyshapetheimmediateanddistantfuturesofusall.largest解析:考查形容词最高级。由空前的thethird可知,此处表示最高级的含义,故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。7.(2017
·安徽滁州中学模拟)____________(obvious),agoodhabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.Obviously解析:句意:很明显,一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子,作状语,应用副词。
故填Obviously。8.(2017·湖北华大联盟高三质检)Theboylookedathisfather____________(hope)becausehethoughthisfatherhadbroughthimapres
ent.hopefully解析:修饰动词短语lookedat应用副词形式。9.(2017·山东临沂一模)Itisoneofthemost____________(amaze)TVshowsfromanartisticpointofvi
ew.amazing解析:句意:从艺术的角度,那是最惊人的电视节目之一。设空处后为名词,由此可推出设空处应为形容词作定语。amazing惊人的。10.(2017·昆明质量检测)Ifwecanfocusonencouragingkidstodrinkmor
ewater—alow-cost,sugar-freedrink—wecanimprovetheirdrinkinghabits,whichmayallowmanykidstofeel____________(great)throughoutthedayanddobetterin
school.greater解析:考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“anddobetterinschool”可知,空处与此处对应,应用形容词的比较级。Ⅱ单句改错1.(2017·广东七校联考)AsIwatch
edtheflagrisingslowly.Isangthenationalanthem,feelingextremelyexciting.____________________exciting→excited解析:考查形容
词。该句主语为I,修饰人,应用形容词excited,表示“激动的,兴奋的”。2.(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)HewasaEnropeanbillionairewhogoteverythingh
ewanted.Therefore,inthelasttwentyyearsofhislife,hishealthbegantogetworseandheledamiserablelife.__________
__________Therefore→However解析:考查副词。上文说他是一位欧洲亿万富翁,得到了他想要的一切,该句说在他生命里的最后二十年,他的健康状况变得越来越糟。上下文为转折关系,故用However。3.(2017·云南八校区
调研)Idon’tthinkthatitisatrulyeco-travel.Aneco-travelnotonlyallowsustoexpressourlovefornature,butneedsourresponsibilityaswell
.____________________truly→true解析:考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词eco-travel。4.(2017·长沙一模)TheAmericanTVshowTheVoiceisoneofmymo
stfavoriteamusementshows.____________________删除most解析:考查最高级。句意:美国电视节目《美国之声》是我最喜欢的娱乐节目之一。favorite意为“最喜欢的
”,无最高级形式。5.(2017·南昌十校二模)Itisclearshownthatmanymiddleschoolstudentshavephysicalandmentalproblems.____________________clear→cle
arly解析:词性错误。此处修饰过去分词shown,要用副词。clearly“清晰地”。6.(2017·皖北协作区联考)Wetelephonedthedoctorsandanoldmanwassenttothehospit
alinnotime.Wefelthappilytohelphim.____________________happily→happy解析:feel是系动词,后面要用形容词作表语。故将happily改为happy。Ⅲ语法填空(2017·山西临汾适应性训
练)Onceuponatime,therewasaflockofdovesthatflewinsearchoffood1.____________(lead)bytheirking.Oneday,theyhadflownalongdistanceandwereverytir
ed.Thedoveking2.____________(courage)themtoflyalittlefurther.The3.____________(small)ofthempickedupspeedandfoundsomericebeneathanappletree.Soallthedo
vesheadedandbegantoeat.Suddenlyanetfellover4.____________(they)andtheywerealltrapped.Theysaw5.____________hunterapproachingcarryingahugest
ick.Thedovesdesperatelyflutteredtheirwingstryingtogetout,but6.____________vain.Thekingadvisedallthedovestoflyuptogethercarryingthen
etwiththem.Eachdovepickedupapartofthenetandtogethertheyflewoffcarryingthenetwiththem.Thehunterlookedupin7.____________(astonish).H
etriedtofollowthem,buttheywereflyinghighoverhillsandvalleys.Theyflewtoahill,8.____________therelivedamouse.Thedovekingcalledoutthemouse
andexplainedwhat9.____________(happen).Thenthemousesetthedoves10.____________(freely)bycuttingthenetandtheyflewawaytogether.
Unityisstrength.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述了一个小故事告诉读者:团结就是力量。1.led解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语aflockofdoves与lead为逻辑上的被动关系,故填过去分词led。2.encouraged解
析:句意:鸽王鼓励它们再飞得远一点。设空处在句中作谓语,故用动词encourage;本句讲的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。3.smallest解析:根据第一句中的aflockofdoves可知这群鸽子不可能是两只,至少是三只或三只
以上。再根据设空处前的定冠词The可知设空处需用形容词最高级形式,故填smallest。4.them解析:设空处作宾语,故用宾格形式them。5.a解析:设空处后的名词hunter在本句中表示泛指,故填a。6.in解析:invain
为固定短语,意为:徒劳,无效。7.astonishment解析:inastonishment为固定短语,意为:惊讶地。8.where解析:考查定语从句。先行词为hill,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。9.hadhappened解析:happen先于explain
ed发生,表示“过去的过去”,故设空处用过去完成时。10.free解析:set...free为固定短语,意为:释放,解放。