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考点49书面表达图表类高考频度:★★★★★图表作文要求将图表形式的信息转化成段落文字信息。信息以图表的形式呈现出来,考生需要弄清所给的图表、数据、标题及文字说明等各种信息之间的关系,通过分析、研究提炼和确定文章的
中心思想,得出令人信服的结论。图表作文中所说的图主要有曲线图、饼状图和柱状图等;而表则一般是统计表。图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式、流程图形式、柱形图形式、饼式图形式、数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。这类题型具有文字少、信息简洁、要点分散等特征。图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现
,主要是一些关于情况调查、生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。这类统计图在日常生活中应用得非常广泛,因此,读懂它并能用英语清晰地表述出来具有很强的现实意义。图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况,文体上
属于说明文。考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。由于这类试题文字少、信息简洁,如果只是把图表中的内容一点一点地记叙出来,进行清单式的罗列,就会索然乏味,并且达不到字数要求。因此,对于这类形式的书面表
达,考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明,弄清楚图表的性质、内容、规律,并做到如下几点:1.细读图表,抓住特征图表中的数据信息往往较多,首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后,从图表的整体着手,认真分析各项数据,抓住其主要特征,
弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常使用的词汇有:table,chart,figure,graph,describe,tell,show,represent等。2.认真审读,确定主题认真审读试题所提供的数据信息,结合文字提示,确定短文的主题。短文的主题往往隐含在图表中
,需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特征,然后归纳出主题。有时,试题给出了短文的题目,也就等于为考生点明了主题。3.巧用数据,突出主题引用数据说明基本趋势,比较数据揭示基本特征。由于图表中的数据信息较
多,写作时要巧妙地引用一些数据来说明主题,不要作任何发挥。表达时,既要包含所有要点,但又不能面面俱到。经常使用的词汇有:rise,drop,reduce,increase,decrease,fall,while,but,
onthecontrary,however,compare...to/with...,incontrastto,as...as,thesameas,similarto,differentfrom,differencebetween,amon
g,morethan,lessthan等。4.词句多变,表达灵活由于图表数据比较单调,很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达,结果文章显得很乏味。因此,写作时要尽量避免重复使用同一词语或句型,选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。5.
适当发挥,表明观点图表类书面表达有时要求考生在对数据进行分析、对比后,简单地谈谈自己的看法或提出建议,这属于让考生自主发挥的部分,更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在该部分陈述自己的看法,表明自己的观点,提出解
决问题的方法或建议。表述观点时,可以引用人们普遍的观点,也可说出自己独到的见解。借题发挥时,不可偏离主题,只要把观点表述清楚即可,不必作更多的解释或说明。经常使用的词有:inaword,inshort,generallyspeaking,It’sc
learfromthechartthat...,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...,wecanlearn/know...等。一、写作技巧对于图表作文,写作内容主要包括三个方面:描述图表信息+从中总结出变化规律+提出建议或解决之道(这一部分可以根据实际要求进行取
舍)。准备过程中,应着重从以下几个方面入手。1.读出图表所传达的信息,并对信息进行分类将图表所传达的信息进行全面的转换,并根据不同的项目对信息进行分类,这是进行数据整合的基础,这一过程中要尽量确保信息全面。2.整合信息,总结规律/分析原因信息经过分类之后,以某一个标准为参照(比如时
间、地域等),总结出同一对象在不同时间/地域/……下的变化规律,或通过对同类信息的对比分析出问题出现的原因。找出规律/原因是解决问题/提出建议的基础。3.数据处理对数据进行处理时,要根据题干的要求,着重处理差异比较大或变化比较明显的信息。这样呈现数据时才能有所侧重,写的时候才能有详略之分。4
.段落构建一般而言,图表作文可分为三个段落来写。第一个段落点明调查/统计对象并进行图表信息的转换,转换过程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和详略程度。第二段主要是根据信息总结出规律或找出问题出现的原因。第三段则主要是建议的提出或解决方法的提出。其中
第一段和第二段是重点段落,第三段可根据题干要求进行取舍。二、常用词汇1.点明图表所反映的主题时常用的词汇:table表格,chart图表,diagram图解/示意图,figure图形/数字,describe描述,tell告诉,show表明,represent描绘/展示,indicate显示2
.分析数据差异及变化趋势时常用的词汇:(1)表示上升或增加的:rise,increase,goup(2)表示下降或减少的:decrease,fall,reduce,decline,drop,godown(3)表示变化特点的:sharply急剧地,quickly迅速地,
rapidly快速地,dramatically戏剧性地,slowly缓慢地,gradually逐渐地。(4)表示比较的:compareddifferentfrom,differencebetween,while,contrar
y,however,morethan,lessthan。三、常用句式1.点明主题时:Ihaverecentlymade/conducted/carriedoutasurveyabout...among...Lastw
eek,wemade/conducted/carriedoutasurveyon…Asurveyhasbeenmade/conducted/carriedouton…2.呈现数据/分析原因时:(1)呈现数据:Theabovetable/chart/g
raphshowsthat…Ascanbeseenfromthepiechart...Fromthetable/chart/graphwecansee…(2)分析原因:Thereareseveralreasonsthataccountforthisphenomenon.Anum
beroffactorsaccountfor(contributeto/leadto/resultin)thechange(phenomenon/increase).Themainreasonforsuchach
angeis...3.发表看法/提出建议时:Personally/Inmyopinion/AsfarasI’mconcerned/Frommypointofview...Itishightimethatwe...
四、写作模板Recentlyasurveyhasbeendonetofindout_________(所要表达的主题)。Asisshowninthepiechart_________(表中的内容一),________(表中的内容二),________(表
中的内容三)and________(表中的内容四).Inconclusion,thesurveyshowsthat_________(总体规律、趋势或呈现的问题)。Manyfactorscontributetotheproblem.Oneisthat________
___(原因一).Anotheristhat________(原因二).Inmyopinion_________(自己的观点)。题组一(高考真题)Writing1(2017·江苏卷)请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-o
fficeincome)的柱状图及相关文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。OneDayin2016.AtHome.Son:Mum,shallwegoandseeafilmtonight?Mo
ther:Whybother?Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.It’sconvenientwithournewandfasternetworkSon:Butitfeelsgoodinacinema.Mother:Andtheprice…Wehavetopa
y50yuanaticket.Son:Only10yuanmorethanlastyear.Mother:Butstillwecannotgetthemoney’sworth.Somefilmsarejustboring…【写作内容】SaturdayAfternoon.InaShoppingCe
ntre.LiJiang:Hi,SuHua.Whichmovieshallwesee?SuHua:Whatever.We’vegotsomanychoices,KungFuYoga,JourneytotheWest…Eachsounds
great!LiJiang:Yeah!Andsomemoviestarsarefantastic.SuHua:Andthehigh-tech!...LiJiang:Perfect!Let’sgetsomefoodfirst.Weonly
have20minutesleft.SuHua:Nohurry.Thecinemaisonthesamefloor.1.用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容;2.我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些,简要谈谈你的看法(上述
对话仅供参考,原因不少于两点);3.谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法,并简要说明理由。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。Writing2(2
016·上海卷)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120–150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是中华中学学生姚平,最近参加了一项研
究性学习调研,课题为"父母是否以子女为荣"。通过调研你校学生及其父母,结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异(数据如图所示)。根据图表写一份报告,在报告中,你必须:1.描述调研数据;2.分析可能导致这一结果的原因。______________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________Writing3(2015·江苏卷)请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英
语写一篇150词左右的文章。【写作内容】1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;2.结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;3.根据你的分析,从社会规范(rulesandregulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。【写作要求】1.写
作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。___________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________题组二(2名校模拟题)Writing1(2020·江苏高三三模)请认真阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。你校新来的外教想了解中国中学生与朋友联系时经常使用的通讯手
段。你经过调查你班情况,得到以下数据。请根据下表,写一篇调查报告。注意:1.正确描述数据所展示的信息;2.对数据进行分析;3.词数:150左右。______________________________________________
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___________________________________________Writing2(2020·上海浦东新·高三二模)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150w
ordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.经过一段时间的网上学习之后,明启中学在高三学生中进行了一个题为”你最喜欢的在线上课模式”的调查,调查结果如图所示。A.直播课并且有师生互动B.录播课并
且之后有师生互动时间C.直播课但无师生互动D.录播课且之后也无师生互动时间你可能会用到的词汇:直播课:livestreaminglesson录播课:prerecordedlesson请你根据该图标写篇作文,你的文中需包含以下信息:1.简要描述该图标;2.谈谈你的看法____________
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_________________________________Writing3(2020届上海华师大二附中高三开学考试)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbel
owinChinese.近期,你就影响选择大学的考虑因素在高三学生中做了调研,结果如图所示,请结合图表信息,写一份调研报告,内容必须包括:1)说明图表反应的基本内容,2)列出你认为相对重要的两项因素(影响你自己选择大学的考虑因素)并说明原因。____________________
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______________________________________________________________________________________Writing4(2020届宁夏银川一中高考模拟)近期,某校组织高三学生
进行了一场讨论。主题是:高三年级要不要集中进行晚自习。根据下图提供的信息,写一篇英语短文,客观地介绍一下讨论的情况,注意要涵盖所有要点。注意:1.词数不少于100(开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数);2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。晚自习e
veningself-studyRecentlytherewasaheateddiscussionamongSenior3studentsinourschool.________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua题组一Writing1【写作指导】考查任务型读写。此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以30词左右概述短文内容。接下来要分析票房收入变化的原因并给出自己的看法
,并谈谈自己对票房走向的看法。作文以第三人称和一般现在时为主。要点:1.概述:中国电影票房在2012—2016年间呈现不断增长的趋势,但是2016年的增长相比于前几年很缓慢。2.分析原因:票房增长与人们生活水平的不断提
高息息相关,人们有了多余的钱,才可能消费、娱乐;另一方面,电影的制作技术日臻成熟,许多优质的电影不断上映;再者,互联网的普及无疑起到了很大的宣传作用。3.看法和理由:票房增速将会小幅上涨或有所回落。只要给出恰当的理由,对票房看涨或是看落皆可。写30词的概述时,语言
要简练、不拖沓。遣词造句要符合英语的表达习惯,尽量用上定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词与倒装句等语法和句型。同时注意语句的连贯性。【参考范文】Possibleversionone:Thebox-officeincomeo
fChinesemovieswitnessedaconstantincreasefromabout17billionyuanin2012toover40billionin2015.However,thatincreasesloweddownin2016.Thereasonsbehindth
isarevarious.Thefasteconomicdevelopmentbefore2016wasprobablythemostpowerfulenginedrivingtheconstantgrowthinthebox-officeinco
me.Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandthewideappealofmoviestarscouldalsoaccountfortheincrease.However,Chinasawadeclineinitseconomicgro
wthratelastyear.AndtheInternetincreasedoptionsformovielovers.Consequently,someviewersbegantoturnawayfromcinemas,leadingtoaslowergrowth
.China’seconomyisexpectedtogrowatamediumspeedinthecomingyears,soanincreaseispossibleintheinvestmentinthemovieindus
tryandthenumberofqualitymovies.Therefore,itsbox-officeincomewillprobablyenjoyaslightincrease.(150words)Possibleversiontwo:Asisindicatedintheg
raph,thebox-officeincomeofChinesefilmsincreasedconstantlyfrom2012to2015,butitsgrowth,foronereasonoranother,sloweddownin2016.Th
eincreaseinthebox-officeincomecanbeattributedtoanumberoffactors.Thequalityoflifehasimprovedandwatchingfilmsisregardedasagoodmeansofent
ertainment.Besides,filmingtechnologyhasadvancedandmorequalityfilmsareonoffer.Moreover,theInternetplaysanimportantpart.OntheInterne
t,peoplecanseekinformationabouttheirfavoritestarsandbuyticketsatadiscountaswell,whichisbothtime-savingandeconomical.However,thefilmmarket
maywitnessaslowdowninthenearfuture.CinemashavegraduallygivenwaytotheriseoftheInternetandcellphones,andtheticketpriceisonthein
crease.Therefore,thefilmindustryshouldmakegreatereffortstoattractmoreviewers.(150words)Writing2【写作指导】本试题属于图表类调查报告。尽管题干给出了一些
要点,同时对报告内容作了详细的要求,但是对考生的识图能力、总结概括能力还是提出了很高的要求,尤其是分析原因这一方面使本试题可以规划为半开放式的文章。通过审题我么可以知道文章结构很简单。第一段重点对调研数据进行描述;第二段分析可能导致这一结果的原因。【参考范文】Recently,
Itookpartinaninquirylearningresearch,whosetopiciswhetherparentsareproudoftheirchildren.Afterdoingtheresearchintothestudentsinmysc
hoolandtheirparents,Ifoundthatthereisabigdifferencebetweenthetwosides.80%oftheparentsthinkthattheyareproudoftheirchildrenwhile
60%ofthestudentsthinkthattheirparentsareproudofthem.AsfarasIamconcerned,thereasonswhytheparentsandtheirchildren
havedifferentopinionsonthesamequestionareasfollows.Firstly,thereisonlyonechildinmostfamilies.Therefore,theparentspaymoreattentiontotheirchildrenth
anthemselves.Secondly,thechildrenareaccustomedtothelovegivenbytheirparents.Thirdly,thechildrenarenotconfidentofthemselvesthinking
thattheyarenotexcellenttomaketheirparentsproudofthem.Writing3【写作指导】写作前,考生应该先认真分析材料。写作时,注意第一段用30个单词概括材料内容,第二段写导致交通问题的
原因;第三段从社会规则和个人行为入手进行现象分析,从中得到启示。词数在150左右,以一般现在时作为中心时态,内容健康向上,情节完整,书写工整,卷面保持整洁。为使行文紧凑,过渡自然,可在文中穿插使用一些过渡性词汇或短语。推荐用语:notonly...b
utalso;threaten;quiteafew;giveriseto;inspiteof;becauseof;thenumberof;what’sworse;infact;relatedto;keep...inorder【参考范文】Thetrafficissueisahardnuttoc
rack.Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.Thethreeselectionspresentedabovearetypicalexamples.Quiteafew
thingsgiverisetothetrafficproblem.Inspiteofthelarge-scaleconstructionofroadsandhighways,thereisstill
muchroomforimprovement,becauseoftheeverincreasingnumberofcarstheseyears.What’sworse,somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkit
vitaltoobeytrafficrules.Infact,trafficrulesarepartoftherulesandregulationscloselyrelatedtopublicorder.Withoutthem,peoplecouldnotenjoyh
armonyorthecountrywouldbeinchaos.Butrulesalonedon’tsecureanorderlysociety.Itisthepeoplewhoobeytherulesthatmatter.
Itiseverybody’sdutytoobservethemtokeepoursocietyinorderandbeingontherighttrack.题组二Writing1(2020·江苏高三三模)【答案】Re
centresearchhasbeendoneonhowmiddleschoolstudentsprefertocommunicatewitheachother.Itshowsthattheyprefermodernwaysinsteadoftraditionalways.Ofthe54stu
dentsinterviewed,10ofthemsaidthattheyoftencalledeachother.21preferredusingtextmessageswhile20werefansofQQ.Onlythreestudentssaidtheylikedtowritel
etters.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,newwaysofcommunicationhavebecomepopular.Theyaremoreconvenientandfaste
r,butIthinkthetraditionalwaysshouldn’tbeabandoned.Forexample,handwritingismorepersonalcomparedwithtyping.Itisalsonicetohearthevo
iceofafriendwhenyouarefrustrated.Whenweareenjoyingthecomfortandconvenience,don’tforgetthosethingsthatcantouchyourheart.Writing2(2020·上海浦东新·高三二
模)【答案】Chinesestudentshavebeentakingonlinecoursesformorethantwomonths.Mingqimiddleschoolhasconductedasurveyamongitssenior3studentswhosetopicis“you
rfavoriteonlineclassmode”.Theresultsareasfollows.Fromthischart,wecanseethat50%ofthestudentssurveyedlikelivestreaminglessonwithteacher-
studentinteractionwhile30%studentslikeprerecordedlessonwithteacher-studentinteractionafterit.Studentswholikeonlin
eclasswithoutanyteacher-studentinteractiononlyaccountfor5%respectively.Aboveall,studentsgenerallylikeonlinecourseswithteacher-studentinter
action.Asasenior3student,Ithinkinteractionisnecessary,foritcanmaketheonlineteachingatmospheremoreactiv
eandeasilyattractstudents'attention.Studentscanhavetheirproblemsexplainedbytheteacherintime.However,toomuchscree
ntimecauseseyestrain,andevenadeclineinvision.Therefore,studentsshouldbeabletohaveabreakregularlytorelieveeyefatigue.
Writing3【范文】ASurveyonChoosingACollegeNowadays,moreandmoreseniorhighschoolstudentspaymuchattentiontochoosingthemosti
dealcollegeoftheirowninordertogetabettereducation.Therearemanyfactorsthattheyshouldtakeintoconsideration.I
nthiscontext,asurveyhavebeenconductedtofigureoutthemainfactorsaffectingstudents’decisions.Fromthehistogram,fourfactorsarelist
ed.Wecanseethattheinterestofmajorsisafactorthatmoststudentsconsiderfirst,175studentshaschosenit.Thenth
efameofacollegecomestothesecondplace,150studentagreewithit.Thirdly,90studentsbelievesthatreasonablechargesareveryimportantforthe
mtomakeuptheirmind.Lastbutnotleast,70studentsregardtheconvenienttrafficasannecessaryfactortochooseacollege.A
sfarasI’mconcerned,Iwillallowfortheinterestofmajorsandreasonablechargeswhenchoosingacollege.Foronething,interestplaysabigpartinmotiva
tingastudenttostudyfurther;foranotherthing,reasonablechargescanmakeastudentnotworryheavyeconomicburden.Allinall,everystud
entshouldmaketheirdecisionsseriouslywhenchoosingacollege.Writing4【范文】RecentlytherewasaheateddiscussionamongSenior3stu
dentsinourschool.Thestudentswerequestionedwhethertheywerewillingtohavetheeveningself-studyatschoolornot.Her
eistheresultaccordingtothesurvey.60percentofthestudentsthinkit’sagoodideatohavetheeveningself-studyatschool.Theythinktheycandobetterinthe
irstudywiththehelpoftheteachers.Also,theycanconcentrateontheirlessonsbetterintheclassroomandwithcompanyoftheirfellowclassmates.Thereare25percentof
thestudentswhothinktheyprefertostudyathome.Theysupposethattheymaygetdisturbedbyothersandtherearepossibledangersontheirwayhomealone
.Atthesametime,still15percentofthestudentsdon’thaveaclearanswertothequestion.Theysaytheywillgotoschooltohavee
veningself-studyiftheyareaskedto,buttheypromisetheycanalsodowellathome.