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专题七名词性从句考向分析名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在对what,that,whether,whatever,whichev-er,when,whe

re,how等引导词的考查上,其中what和that是考查的重点。考点清单一、主语从句单句填空1.Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.答案who

ever句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语成分,且表示“无论谁”,故填whoever。语境运用2.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwor

k.Whateveryoucandohelps.答案Whatever句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“youcando”为主语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“任何事情”,故答案为Whatever(相当于Any-thingthat

)。3.Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.答案that句意:对于那些总是不放弃希望的人来说,发生任何事情都是有可能的,这是很常见

的。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语,“anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope”为真正的主语;该从句结构完整,故由that引导。单句改错4.Itisobvioustothestud

entswhattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.what→that答案what→that在题干中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为students之后的主语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作为引导词,what应改为that。1.名

词性从句的引导词:①that,if,whether等;②连接代词what,which,whom,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;③连接副词when,where,why,how等。2.主语从句常位于谓语动词之前,但是有时为了保持句子平衡,会使用i

t作为形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面,常见的有:①It+be+名词+that从句(如Itisafact/pity/shame/surprisethat...;Itisnowonderthat...);②It+be+形容词+that从句(如:Itisclear/import

ant/necessary/obvious/pos-sible/strangethat...;Itisknowntoallthat...);③It+be+过去分词+that从句(如Itisbelieved/reported/

said/suggested/thoughtthat...);④It+特殊动词+that从句(如Ithappensthat...;Itoccurredtosb.that...;Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether/what...)。用法精讲二、

宾语从句单句填空1.Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.答案whether/if句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还

没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据句意可知该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。2.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20

,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.答案what句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元,(20美元)是其过去收费的一半。本题考查宾语从句。逗号后面是$20的同位语,charge后面缺少宾语,故用wh

at引导。语境运用3.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.答案where句意:Jane在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着

,不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。单句改错4.Afterarrivingatschool,Idiscussedwithsomeclassmatesthatwecoul

ddo.that→what答案that→what句意:到达学校后,我和一些同学讨论我们能做点什么。“thatwecoulddo”为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“物”,故用what而不是that引导。宾语从句往往位于动词、介词或某些形容词之后,其常用句式有:①主语+及

物动词+宾语从句;②主语+及物动词+间接宾语+宾语从句;③主语+动词短语+宾语从句;④主语+be+形容词+宾语从句。此外,it充当形式宾语,而真正的宾语为宾语从句的常用句式有:①主语+think/believe/make/find/consider/feel+it+adj./n.+宾语从句;②主语

+enjoy/hate/love/like/dislike/appreciate/prefer+it+宾语从句;③主语+seeto/lookto/insiston/stickto/dependon/answerfor+it+宾语从句;④主语+动词+it+介词(短语)+宾语从句(

如:takeitforgrantedthat...想当然地认为;oweittosb.that...把……归功于)。用法精讲三、表语从句单句填空1.(2015安徽)Ashipinharborissafe

,butthat’snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.答案what“shipsarebuiltfor”为表语从句,该从句中缺少宾语且表示“事物”,故答案为what。2.(2017辽宁葫芦岛六校协作体考试)That’swhyitisgoodtoeatfruitandvegetabl

es.答案why句意:那就是食用水果和蔬菜有好处的原因。“Thatiswhy...”(那就是……的原因)是固定句型。语境运用单句改错3.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichisthathenev

erfin-ishesanything.that→why答案that→whywhichis之后为表语从句,引导词在从句中作状语,结合语境“那就是他一事无成的原因”可知,that应改为why。表语从句指的是在句中作表语的从句,常位于

系动词之后,其常用句式有:①主语+be动词+表语从句;②主语+appear/look/remain/seem/smell/taste+表语从句。用法精讲四、同位语从句单句填空1.Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassis-

tant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.答案that句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。本题考查同位语从句。“weshouldhaveanassistant”为同位语从句,说明su

ggestion的内容,用that引导该同位语从句。that只起连接作用,不作成分。语境运用2.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoideawhyhedidit

;that’soneofhisfavoriteuni-versities.答案why句意:——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学给他的录取机会,这是真的吗?——是的,但是我不知道他为什么会这样做,那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。根据句意填why。why

引导同位语从句。3.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomethatImightbuysomeflowersformyfriend’smother’s60thbirthday.答案that句意:我突然有了一个很温馨的想法,我可以为我朋友的妈妈六十

大寿买些鲜花。本题考查同位语从句。“Imightbuysomeflowersformyfriend’smother’s60thbirthday”作awarmthought的同位语。该从句不缺任何成分,

故用that引导。单句改错4.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonwhichthemeetingwouldbepostponed.which→that答案which→that在题干中,

afternoon之后为notice的具体内容,即同位语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作为引导词。同位语从句常位于某些名词之后,其引导词最常用的是that。常跟同位语从句的名词有:belief,chance,conclusion,demand

,desire,discovery,doubt,evidence,explanation,fact,fear,feeling,hope,idea,news,notice,possibility,problem,promise,report,reply,req

uest,sign,statement,theory,thought,truth,view,warning,wish,word等。为保持句子平衡,主语的同位语从句往往不紧跟其后,而是放在后面,从而形成了分

隔式同位语从句,而作宾语或表语的名词与其同位语从句之间有插入语、状语或后置定语等修饰成分时,也会形成分隔式同位语从句。例如:Danbyleftwordwithmysecretarythathewouldcallagainintheafternoon.Danby给我的秘书留言,他下午会再打电话的。用

法精讲技巧点拨对名词性从句的考查从连接词入手。首先要记住连接词that,whether/if,asif/though,because,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why

,how等,然后分析它们在从句中所作的成分和它们所引导的从句在整个句子中所作的成分。名词性从句的解题思路:①找出主句;②辨别哪部分为名词性从句;③看名词性从句缺什么成分,缺什么补什么,什么都不缺,用that。