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高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题九：定语从句定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）

考查了定语从句引导词that/which。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词when。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词which。基本概念：定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词，所以又称为

形容词性从句。先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作

用的定语从句。非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开。关系词及其意义：关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：①用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作

用，使二者联系起来。②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoista

lkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTh

eboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人或物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate

.that人或物主语、宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语、宾语Thebook(which)Iga

veyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主语、宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyes

terday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替换where地点地点状语Thisisthehousewh

ereIwasborn.可用inwhich替换why原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替换一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定

语从句中作主语。①TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.②YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.③Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphys

ics.2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。①MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.②LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iw

anttosee.③Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.④Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.注意：关系代

词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语可省略。①Footballisagamewhichi

slikedbymostboys.②Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.③Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyfor

eignwriters.④Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.⑤Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.⑥Thefilm(which)theysawlastnightwasnotinteres

tingatall.4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。①Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeveryyearrea

chesonemillion.②Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?③Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.④Theseasonth

at/whichcomesafterspringissummer.⑤YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.5．whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。①Ivisite

dascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.②Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.③Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallen.注意：指物时

，常用下列结构来代替：①Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.②Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.③Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisy

ellow?④Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?关系代词that与which的区别（一）只用that不用which的情况：1、先行词是everything,nothing,anything,much,little,none等不定代词或

由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that不用which。例如：①Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.②Thereseemstobenothi

ngthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.③ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.2、先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。例如：

①ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.②ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3、先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that。如：①We

talkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.②Lookatthemanandhisdogthatarewalkingupthestreet.4、先行词被theonly，thevery,justthe等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用

that。例如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。例如：HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.5、当先行词前面有who

/which等疑问代词时，只用that。例如：①Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?②WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6、定语从句内容为解释名词

的性质、概念时，需用that。例如：Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（二）只用which不用that的情况1、指物，介词后。例如：IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstgottoParis.2、用于非限制

定语从句中。例如：Sheheardaterriblenoise，whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.3、先行词是that,those时。例如：ThatisthebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.4、一个

句子有两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。例如：Isthereanythingthatisnotexpensivewhichwecanbuyforherasagift?二、theway作先行词的定语从句比较下列句子，理解关

系词，并分析原因：①Theway(that/inwhich/×)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.②Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.归纳：（1）当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用inwh

ich，that或者省略；（2）当关系词在定语从句中作主语时，关系词用that或which；（3）当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词用that，which或省略。三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代

词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。①Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisver

yfamous.②I’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.=I’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.③Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyeste

rday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.④We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.=W

e’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.1、单个介词（in/with/on/by）+关系代词(whom,which)①ThetwothingofwhichtheyfeltveryproudwereJim’sgoldwatc

handDella’shair.②Aharvesterisamanwhoisharvestingoramachinewithwhichweharvestcrops.注意：介词确定的依据A、依从句中的动词,形容词,名词与介词的固定搭配而定；B、依先行词与从句中动词的关系

及所表达的含义而定。2、介词短语+关系代词(which,whom,whose)常用的介词短语有:someof,bothof,asaresultof,atthebackof，becauseof,infrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebottomo

f,onthetopof,atthefootof等。①Thereisagreatpaininmyrightfoot,becauseofwhichIcanonlylimpalong.②Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman

.注意:含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开,如lookafter,lookfor,takecareof,takepartin,lookforwardto等。例如：①Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor

.(正)②ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)③Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)④Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseisloo

kingareveryhealthy.（误）3、单个介词+关系代词(which,whose)+名词介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定。例如：①HelivedinLondonforthreemont

hs,duringwhichtimehelearnedsomeEnglish.②OurEnglishteacher,withwhosehelpwehavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,hascompletedthirtyyearsofteachin

g.4、the+名词+of+关系代词(which,whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系。例如：ThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisdesignedbyMrJones.=Thisisthe

book,whosecoverisdesignedbyMrJones.5、部分词汇/结构+of+关系代词(1)all,both,none,neither,either,many,most,few,several,enough,half,so

me,any,one,two,three,themajority,anumber,theyoungest等。(2)数词(基数词,序数词,百分数,分数)+名词(3)the+形容词最高级/比较级①Herearetwopairsofsocks,eitherofwhichyoumayc

hoose.②Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestofwhomis25yearsold.③Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindt

ohim.④Therearemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.⑤Therearefortystudentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.⑥Hehaswrittentenstories

，threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.四、关系代词as与which的用法as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：①Hema

rriedher,as/whichwasnatural.②Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导

的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：①Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.②Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisacc

ent.③John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.④Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.(2012·福建高考)⑤HehasbeentoP

aristentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如①Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.②Thistable

ismadeofmetal,whichmadeitveryheavy.3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：①I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.②Heisnotsuchafoolashel

ooks.③ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，也可能用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：Sheworet

hesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。五、关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句

中作时间状语。①IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.②Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.③October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublic

ofChinawasfounded.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。①ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.②ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagoh

asbeenpulleddown.③Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.④Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy?3.why指原因，

在定语从句中作原因状语。①Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.②Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.③Idon’tknowt

hereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+which”来替换。例如：①Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ifirstcametothisschool.②Greatcha

ngeshavetakenplacewhere(inwhich)welive.③Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.六、一些特殊词之后的where如果定语从句用来修饰point,situation,p

art,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，并且作状语．．．，要用where引导定语从句，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，这种现象叫做地点模糊化．．．．．。常见的表地点的模糊化名词还有：occasion,circumstance,sta

te,degree,extent,stage,level,period,aspect等。例如：①IhavecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.②Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanyti

me.③Wearetryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.④IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandex

pressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.⑤It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.注意：如果不作状语，则用

关系代词that/which。例如：Rememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·定语

从句考点规律分析:定语从句短文改错考点主要涉及定语从句引导词的误用、缺失以及多余；语法填空主要考查根据先行词及上下文填合适的引导词。定语从句单句改错之真题训练：1.…inotherplacesyouarelimitedtoacertainnumber,of

thatsomemaybenovels.(全国卷)2.Ialsoenjoyedtheeveningswhenwespenttogether.(全国卷)3.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(全国卷)4.

Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.(福建卷)5.(2016·四川)ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.定语从句单句改错之模拟训练：1.Heisthemanhiscarwasstolen.

2.That’sthehotelwhichwewerestayinglastsummer.3.That’sthepalacewherewevisitedlastsummer.4.It’sreallyabeautifulplace,whereeveryonehopestovisit

.定语从句单句改错之提升训练：1.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.2.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking.3.Thepersontowhoyo

uspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.5.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.6.I’vereadalltheboo

kswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.7.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.8.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyreme

mberedinthecountry.9.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest.10.Hisdog,thatwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.11.Thereasonwhichhedidn’tgotos

choolisthathewasill.12.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.13.Theboy,hismotherdiedlastyear,studiesveryhard.14.Ihavetwosisters,bothofthemaredoctors.

15.We’regoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere.16.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeeninvitedtotheEnglishEvening.17.Thatist

hewaywhichtheywork.18.Thosehavequestionscanasktheteachersforadvice.19.Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehairs?20.Iwillneverforgetthedays

whichwehadagoodtimetogetheratthesea.定语从句单句语法填空之真题训练：1.(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid

－1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.2.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读A)Simonisacomedianandactor_______has10years’experi

enceofteachingcomedy.3.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntar

ctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostof________haveneverbeforebeenpublished.4.(2016·全国Ⅲ，47)Somepeoplethinkth

atthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，________livedfromroughly551to479B．C,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.5.(2016·全国Ⅲ，完形)WhenIwas13myonlypurpo

sewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.ThatmeantbeatingoutMillerKing,________wasthebestplayeratourschool.6.(2016·北京

，22)Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.7.(2016·四川，阅读C)Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,________allowsmetosh

owdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.8.(2016·四川，阅读D)Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),________ha

sbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.9.(2016·江苏，23)Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell－educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdre

ams.10.(2016·浙江，11)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.11.(2015·江苏，21

)Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.12.(2015·湖南，29)Itisatrulydelightfulplac

e,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.13.(2015·浙江，19)Creatinganatmospherein________employees

feelpartofateamisabigchallenge.14.(2015·重庆，14)Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.15.(2015·四川

，3)Thebooksonthedesk，________coversareshiny，areprizesforus.16.(2015·安徽，28)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamental

skillupon________schooleducationdepends.17.(2015·福建，34)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership，________showsthatmoreandmore

peopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.18.(2014·安徽，22)Theexactyear________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.19.(2014·北京，26)I

borrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek，________myclassmatesrecommendedtome.20.(2014·山东，10)Acompany__

______profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.21.(2014·重庆，9)We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonth________wesetatthebegi

nningoftheyear.22.(2014·四川，4)Untilnow，wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren，________isquiteunexpected.23.(2014·陕西，13)Pl

easesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.24.(2015·北京，24)OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.

25.(2015·陕西，15)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobe

independent.26.(2015·天津，15)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.27.(2014

·福建，31)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.28.(2014·浙江，5)Ididn'tbecomeaseriousclimber

untilthefifthgrade，________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.学习札记：_________________________________________

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____________________参考答案及解析定语从句单句改错之真题训练：1.that改为which，因介词后要用which来引导定语从句2.去掉when或将when改为that，因这里的定语从句中谓语动词(spent)缺宾语，故只能用关系代词

that或将其省略3.where改为which，因此处要填关系代词作主语4.who’s改为whose，因who’s=whois，不仅结构错误，而且意思也不通；whose引导定语从句，表示“……的”定语从句单句改错之模拟训练：1.his改为whose，whose在此引导定语从句。2.whic

h改为where，where引导定语从句且在从句中用作状语；此题还可在staying后加in。3.where改为which/that，也可去掉where，因visit为及物动词，此处应用关系代词作其宾语（也可省略）。4.where改为which，which在此引导非限定

性定语从句，且在从句中用作宾语(用作visit的宾语)。5．what→which/that或去掉what考查定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。定语从句单句改错之提升训

练：1.where→that/which或去掉where。2.把for放在looking之后。英语中,有些短语动词,介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如:lookafter,runinto等。3.who→whom。尽管在口语中who,whom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能用whom。4.tha

t→which。5.that→which。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。6.which→that或去掉which。当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。7.which→that或去掉which。

当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或theonly,thevery等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。8.who→that。如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。9.which→that

或去掉which。当先行词为something,anything,everything,nothing,all等时,常由that引导定语从句。10.that→which。11.which→why/which前加for或去掉which。12.wants→want。定语从句中

谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。13.his→whose。14.them→whom或both前加and。15.去掉there。16.have→has。当oneof+名词复数作先行词时,从句的谓语用复数;但是当one前有the(only)时,从句谓语要用单数。17.which→that/w

hich前加in或去掉which。18.Those后加who。19.第二个who→that。当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,定语从句常用that引导,以避免重复。20.which→when或which前加in。定语从句单句语法填空之真题训练：1

．when[由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的inthemid－1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。]2．who/that[考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是acomedianandactor，在从句中做主语，所以用who或者that。]3．which

[考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images，所以用which。]4．who[考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。]5．who[考查定语从句。先行词为MillerKi

ng，故用who。]6．whose[考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。]

7．which[考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是前面的整个句子。]8．which[考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是melatonin。]9．whom[考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句

子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Manyyoungpeople，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。]10．which[考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣会流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明的。分析句子成分可知，空

处引导定语从句，此处是非限制性定语从句，which代替manytheories，故应用which引导该定语从句。]11.as[句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正

如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。]12．which[句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可

用that。]13．which[句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为anatmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处inwhich相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。]14．which[句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半

是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。]15．whose[考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为t

hebooks，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。]16．which[句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。考查定语从句。dependon/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词，先行词为物，故用which。]17．w

hich[句意：《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。]18．which/that/不填[考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词theexactyear在定语从

句中作spent的宾语且指物，故用which也可用that或省略。]19．which[考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词thebook在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所

以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。]20．whose[考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。]21．which[考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的

宾语，故要用关系代词which。]22．which[考查定语从句关系词的用法。显然这是一个非限制性定语从句。句意：到目前为止我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑，这是我们始料未及的。which指代整个主句。]23．that[考查定语

从句。句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语，前面又有all来修饰，故只能用that，不用which。]24.where[句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些优美的

音乐。先行词是St.Paul'sChurch，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，故用where。]25．when[句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是盼望着他有独立的时间。考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是time，后面的

从句是完整的句子，先行词在从句中充当状语，所以填when。]26．where[句意：该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以享受工作的乐趣。考查定语从句。先行词为aneasyatmosphere，在从句中

作地点状语，故要用where。]27．where[考查定语从句。句意：学生应该潜心于社区活动之中，在这些活动中，他们可以获取成长的经验。在定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。]28．when[考查定语从句。句意：直到五年级，我才真正会爬树，当时，我爬上一棵树，拿下了挂在树

枝上的风筝。后面的定语从句是完整的句子；先行词为thefifthgrade，表时间概念，所以填when。]