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阅读理解文体分类练文体分类练(一)——应用文(限时25分钟)AScotlandTourfromLondonPrivatecar/minibus—6daysThehighlightofthisovernightUKtourisEdinburgh,widelyregardedas

oneofEurope'smosthandsomecities.YourroutetakesyouviatheancientuniversitycityofCambridge,thehistorictownofStamford,andeitherElizabethanBurg

hleyHouseorthemagnificentChatsworthHouse.ContinuetoYorkforyourfirsttwonights.Takeawalkalongtheancientcitywallsoffering

beautifulviews,seethefineYorkMinsterinEngland,andthe“Shambles”，aperfectlypreservedstreetofMedievalhouses.Onyourwa

yNorthcrossHadrian'sWall,builtbytheRomansabout120ADandtheromanticruinsofJedburghAbbeyandMelroseAbbeywheretheheartofRoberttheBruceisburied.O

nyourwaytoEdinburghseeSirWalterScott'shome,AbbotsfordHouse,Kelsoamarkettownwhichhedescribedas“themostbeautifulin

Scotland”andFloorsCastle,Scotland'slargestinhabitedcastleownedbytheDukeofRoxburghe.YouwillhavetwonightsinEdi

nburgh.Seeitsmuseumsandgalleries,EdinburghCastle,thePalaceofHolyroodhouse,theRoyalMile,PrincesStreetandHopetounHouse.Onyourfour

thdayvisitruinedLinlithgowPalace,birthplaceofMaryQueenofScots,anddrivethroughRobertBurnscountry.TheLakeDistrictisaregionofmajesticmo

untainscenery,lakesandlushvalleys:visitWordsworth'sCottageorElizabethanLevensHall.YourreturntoLondonwilltakeyouthr

oughStratford-upon-AvonimmortalisedbyShakespeare,theCotswoldsandOxford,England'soldestuniversity.TourpricesPassenger

sPriceMediumUpto2￡4,160ExtralargeUpto5￡5,360MinibusUpto11￡7,305Pricesinclude:Pricesincludeyourguide,

privatecar/minibus,overnightallowanceforguide,taxandcollectionandreturntoyourcentralLondonhotel.Pricesdonotincludeentrancefee

s,parking,mealsorhotelswhichwecanrecommendaccordingtoyourpreferences.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了从伦敦出发到苏格兰的六天旅行行程的相关情

况。1．Whichofthefollowingisinaruinedstate?A．YorkMinster.B．ChatsworthHouse.C．ElizabethanBurghleyHouse.D．Jedbu

rghAbbeyandMelroseAbbey.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“theromanticruinsofJedburghAbbeyandMelroseAbbeywheretheheartofRoberttheBruceisbur

ied”可知选D项。2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Stratford-upon-AvonisintheLakeDistrict.B．AbbotsfordHousewashometoRoberttheBr

uce.C．MaryQueenofScotswasborninLinlithgowPalace.D．EdinburghCastlewasownedbytheDukeofRoxburghe.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段中的“OnyourfourthdayvisitruinedLinlithgo

wPalace,birthplaceofMaryQueenofScots”可知选C项。3．Whatistherightorderofthesix-daytour?A．London→York→theLakeDistrict→Edinburgh→London.B．London→York→Edinbu

rgh→theLakeDistrict→London.C．London→Edinburgh→theLakeDistrict→York→London.D．London→Edinburgh→York→theLakeDistrict→London.解析：选B细节理

解题。根据文章中关于行程的具体介绍可知选B项。BEnglishSchoolsThere'snosubstitutefortakinganEnglishcourseinahighqualitylanguageschoolinanEnglish-speaki

ngcountry.Esl-loungeStudenthaspartneredwithsomeofthebestlanguageschoolsintheUK.Chooseaschoolfrombelow.Wecanofferdiscountso

nEnglishcourses!BurlingtonSchool,LondonBurlingtonSchoolislocatedinParsonsGreen,15minutesbyundergroundfromthecentreofLondon.Ourstandardofteachingishig

h,withcoursesinGeneralandSpecialistEnglish.Thecoffeebarisopenalldayservingfreshly-cookedmeals,andtheschoolorganisesar

angeofsocialactivitiestocomplement(补充)theclasses.Studentsliveeitherinhomestaysorinoneofourhostels.SeeBurli

ngtonSchoolcoursesandsave10%UniversityofLiverpool,EnglishLanguageCentreYoucanhaveconfidenceintheUniversityofLiverpool,whichisr

ankedinthetop1%ofhighereducationinstitutionsworldwide.Whilestudyinghere,youwillbenefitfrommodernanddynamicEnglish

teachingmethodsinsmallclassesoffewerthan16students.SeeUniversityofLiverpoolcoursesandsave12%InteractiveEnglishSchool,Brighton

Weareasmallfriendlyschool.Beingasmallschoolmeanswecancaterforyourindividualneedsmoreeasilythanlargerschoolscan.Allofourteachersarenati

vespeakers,qualifiedandexperienced.Ourpricesareveryaffordableandstartfrom￡60perweekforfull-timecoursesof20lessons.SeeInterac

tiveEnglishSchoolcoursesandsave7%NewSchoolofEnglish,CambridgeTheNewSchoolofEnglishislocatedinthebeauti

fulcityofCambridge.TheschoolisopenallyearandprovidesarangeofEnglishlanguagecoursesforadultsfromallovertheworld(minimumage16).Thesecoursescover

GeneralEnglishaswellascoursesforprofessionalslookingtofocusonspecifictopicareas.Theyhavearangeofaccommodationchoicesforstudent

s.SeeNewSchoolofEnglishcoursesandsave5%语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四所优质的语言学校。4．WhatcanweknowaboutBurlingtonSchool?A．Itisopena

llyear.B．ItislocatedinLondon.C．Itprovidesnoaccommodation.D．Itoffersnosocialpracticeclasses.解析：选B细节理解题。根据Burling

tonSchool,London部分中的具体介绍“BurlingtonSchoolislocatedinParsonsGreen,15minutesbyundergroundfromthecentreofLondon.”可知，柏林顿学校位于伦敦市，且乘地铁只需15

分钟就能从市中心到达该学校。5．Whichschooloffersthebiggestdiscounts?A．BurlingtonSchool.B．NewSchoolofEnglish.C．UniversityofLiverpool

.D．InteractiveEnglishSchool.解析：选C细节理解题。根据介绍每个学校部分的最后一句可知，文中四所学校的折扣依次是10%,12%,7%和5%，因此第二所学校即利物浦大学的折扣最大。6．HowisNewS

choolofEnglishdifferentfromtheothers?A．Itsetsastrictagelimit.B．Itsaccommodationisoptional.C．Itsteachersarequalifiedandexperienced.D．

ItoffersGeneralandSpecialistEnglishcourses.解析：选A细节理解题。根据NewSchoolofEnglish,Cambridge部分的“Theschool...providesarangeofEnglishlanguagecoursesf

oradultsfromallovertheworld(minimumage16)．”可知，只有年满16岁的成年人才可以进入该校学习。其他学校没有提到关于年龄方面的限制。7．Whowouldbeinterestedintheschools?A．Englishprofess

ors.B．NativeEnglishspeakers.C．ForeignEnglishlearners.D．Staffofesl-loungeStudent.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“There'snosubstitutefortakinganEnglishc

ourseinahighqualitylanguageschoolinanEnglish-speakingcountry.”和下文对学校的介绍可以推知，想学英语的外国学生可能会对这些学校感兴趣。CWilliamWordsworthandtheLakeDis

trictAfterwritingLyricalBallads(1798),Britain'sgreatpoetWilliamWordsworthreturnedtohisrootsintheLakeDistrictandremaine

dthereuntilhisdeathin1850.ThisintroductoryguidetakesyouthroughtheheartofWilliamWordsworth'sLakeDistrictfromGrasmerethroughRydalMount

viaAmblesidetoWindermere.GrasmereOn17thDecember1799WilliamWordsworthandhissisterDorothymovedintoDoveCottage,Grasmere.HereWill

iamWordsworthwroteOde:IntimationsofImmortality,the1805Prelude,mostofPoemsinTwoVolumes(1807)andthePrefacetothesecond

editionofLyricalBalladsandDorothykeptherfamousGrasmereJournal,nowondisplayinthemuseum.RydalMountWilliamW

ordsworthmovedfromDoveCottageinGrasmeretoRydalMountin1813.Helivedhereuntilhisdeathin1850.Thepropertyisstillownedbyhisdesc

endants(后代)．ThehouseissituatedbetweenAmblesideandGrasmere,closetoRydalWater.Herehelandscapedthegarden

andwroteTheRiverDuddon,EcclesiasticalSonnets,SurprisedbyJoy,TheLongestDayandrevisedThePrelude,whichappearedafterhi

sdeath.AmblesideWilliamWordsworthworkedinAmblesideatTheOldStampHousefrom1813－1843whenhewasDistributorof

StampsforWestmoreland.In1820hepublishedhisGuidethroughtheDistrictoftheLakes.ThenhesucceededRobertSoutheyasPoetLaureate(桂冠诗人)inthesamey

earasheresignedfromoffice.WindermereOutsideWindermereontheA591istheviewthatWilliamWordsworthdescribedinTh

ePreludeBookⅣ.ThetowncameintoexistencewiththeKendalandWindermereRailway,whichwasbuiltin1844.TherailwaylineendsatWind

ermereRailwayStationthankstothelocaloppositiontoitscontinuation,ledbyWordsworthinspeeches,letterstothepressandtwoso

nnets.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了对英国著名诗人威廉·华兹华斯的家乡的湖区之行。8．WhichofthefollowingwaswritteninDoveCottage?A．TheLongestDay.B．EcclesiasticalSonnet

s.C．GrasmereJournal.D．TheRiverDuddon.解析：选C细节理解题。根据Grasmere部分中的“movedintoDoveCottage,Grasmere...Dorothykept

herfamousGrasmereJournal”可知选C项。9．WhatdoweknowaboutRydalMount?A．ItislocatedinGrasmere.B．ThePreludewaspublishedthere.C．Willia

mWordsworthwroteLyricalBalladsthere.D．ItisownedbyWilliamWordsworth'sfamilynow.解析：选D细节理解题。根据RydalMount部分中的“Thepropertyisstillownedbyhisdescendants(后

代)．”可知选D项。10．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutWilliamWordsworth?A．HedesignedagardeninGrasmere.B．HeworkedinAmblesidefor30years.

C．HeandDorothywroteOde:IntimationsofImmortality.D．HearguedagainsttherailwaylineinThePreludeBookⅣ.解析：选

B细节理解题。根据Ambleside部分中的“WilliamWordsworthworkedinAmblesideatTheOldStampHousefrom1813－1843”可知，威廉·华兹华斯在Ambleside工作了30年。11．WhendidWi

lliamWordsworthbecomePoetLaureate?A．In1813.B．In1820.C．In1843.D．In1850.解析：选C细节理解题。Ambleside部分中的“WilliamWordsworthworkedinAmblesideatTheOldStamp

Housefrom1813－1843”以及“ThenhesucceededRobertSoutheyasPoetLaureate(桂冠诗人)inthesameyearasheresignedfromoffice.”可知，威廉·华兹华斯在1843年成为了桂冠诗人。DLooki

ngforalittleculture?Checkoutsomeofthevalley'sfinestmuseumsandartexhibits.Fromcontemporarypaintingsdisplayedthroughtheglassofemp

tystorefronts,toreligiouspaintings,there'salwayssomethingforeveryone.BYUMuseumofArt(NorthCampusDrive

,Provo):SpecializinginAmericanartfromthelate18thcenturytothepresent,BYUMuseumofArthasthemostextensivecollectioninthevalley.Its17,000permanentpaintin

gs,photographs,printsandsculpturesarehousedinatriangularbuilding,architecturallydesignedtobeartitself.Themuse

umdisplaysworksbyartistssuchasJ.AldenWeir,MahonriYoung,MaynardDixon,MinervaTeichert,CarlBlochandRembrandt.Ou

tside,thelandscapedsculpturegardenisarelaxingoasis(舒适的地方).FromJanuary20thtoMay29th,themuseumwillbehostingtheexhibit:Photographin

gSilence:JuanRulfo'sMexico.Admission:Free.Phone:801-422-8287.Hours:10a．m.－9p．m.Monday;10a．m.－6p．m.Tuesday－Friday;1p．m

.－5p．m.Saturday;ClosedSundays.StorefrontWindowDisplays(EmptystorefrontsthroughoutProvo):LocalartistsaremakinguseofvacantPr

ovopropertieswiththeStorefrontGalleryprogram.OnCenterStreetandanumberofotherlocationsthroughouttheci

ty,worksofartaredisplayedthroughtheglassoftheseemptybusinesses.Thisfreshstyleofdisplayispopularwithup-and-comingartistsaswel

lasthecasualpassers-bythatgettoenjoythedisplays.Admission:Free(allartisseenfromthesidewalk).Hours:Allday,everyday.Website:

www.provodowntown.comFor-SaleGalleries(Throughoutthevalley):Visitingcommercialgalleriescanbeauniquewaytogety

ourartfix.Surroundedbyrestaurantsandcomedyclubs,CenterStreet'sWindowboxGallery(801-377-4367)featurespatriotic,religio

us,andWesternpieces.TheThomasKinkadeRenaissanceSignatureGallery(801-226-8686)intheUniversityMallfeaturesreligiouspiecesbyitsnamesakea

rtist.Citystreets,strip-malls,andplazasarecommonplacesfortheseever-changingcommercialgalleries.UVSCWoodburyArtMuseum(575Eas

tUniversityParkway):LocatedinsidetheUniversityMall,theWoodburymuseumfeaturesavarietyofchangingexhibits.Themuseumwillfeatureafaculty(学院)exhibitduri

ngthemonthofMarchandastudentexhibitduringthemonthofApril.Admission:Free.Phone:801-426-6199.Hours:10a．m.－5：30p

．m.Monday－Friday;10a．m.－8p．m.Saturday;ClosedSundays.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国犹他州小城Provo的一些艺术博物馆及有关展览。12．WhencanyouadmirephotographsaboutMexic

o?A．10a．m.－9p．m.MondaysinJune.B．10a．m.－6p．m.TuesdaysinMay.C．10a．m.－8p．m.SaturdaysinApril.D．10a．m.－5：30p．m.SundaysinMarch.解

析：选B细节理解题。由第二段中的“FromJanuary20thtoMay29th,themuseumwillbehostingtheexhibit:PhotographingSilence:JuanRulfo'sMexico.”再结合BYUMuseumofA

rt的开放时间可知选B。13．Atwhichplacecanpeoplerelaxinasculpturegarden?A．BYUMuseumofArt.B．StorefrontWindowDisplays.C．For-SaleGalleri

es.D．UVSCWoodburyArtMuseum.解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段中的“Outside,thelandscapedsculpturegardenisarelaxingoasis(舒适的地方)．”可知

选A。14．WhatdoweknowaboutStorefrontWindowDisplays?A．Theyfeatureexhibitsbystudents.B．Artworkisdisplayedinauniquew

ay.C．Itrequiresatickettoenjoytheexhibits.D．Theydisplayworksfromaroundtheworld.解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段中的“worksofartaredisplayedthroughtheglasso

ftheseemptybusinesses.Thisfreshstyleofdisplay...toenjoythedisplays”可知选B。15．WhichnumbercanyoucallifyouwanttobuyapicturebyThomasK

inkade?A．801-422-8287.B．801-377-4367.C．801-226-8686.D．801-426-6199.解析：选C细节理解题。由第四段中的“TheThomasKinkadeRenaissanceSignatureGallery(801-2

26-8686)intheUniversityMallfeaturesreligiouspiecesbyitsnamesakeartist.”可知选C。1．语言特点：语言简练，就其用词来看，文章里有大量

生僻的专有名词，如地名、人名、机构名、组织名、书名、作品名等。2．结构特点：应用文主要用于传递信息，高考卷中所采用的应用文通常有两种行文方式。一种是文中的几则信息构成平行并列结构，即每一则信息中的项目及其位置有一致性和对应性，几则信息前有时会用一个段落对文章信息作整体上的说明；另一

种是针对某一主题分项、分条目地呈现信息，每个段落围绕小标题呈现某一方面的信息。3．答题误区：应用文阅读理解试题难度不大，故答题时要谨防过于草率。出错的原因有可能是看信息时看错位置，也有可能是为了追求速度只凭大致印象答题。因此，做题时一定要看准信息并在文章中找

出相关信息以确保万无一失。另外，不要一字不落地阅读全文，这样会浪费很多时间，而是应该有选择性地快速筛选和获取答题所需要的信息。4．阅读策略应用文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以节省时间。解

题时，要做到：(1)快速浏览知主题。快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。(2)速读题干，跳读定位信息。接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息区间，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息区间的时候，可以充分

利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。(3)细读解题信息。最后

，根据查找的相关信息，经过比对选项选出正确答案。文体分类练(二)——记叙文(限时28分钟)AThesunwasrisingwhenDaryl'sdeliverytruckreachedthehighway.Thiswasthebesttimeofday

todrive,whentheroadswerewideopenandempty.HefeltsurehewasgoingtomakeittoLosAngelesbeforemidnight.Itloo

kedlikeitwasgoingtobeagoodday.Thenhesawit,alargelumpinthemiddleoftheroad.Daryloftenpasseddeadanimalsontheroadside

butheknewthatthiswassomethingdifferent.Heslammedonhisbrakesandthetruckscreechedtoahalt.Thelumpwasagirl.Hetriedshakingherawakebutshewoul

dn'tmove,sohepickedherupandcarriedhertothesideoftheroad.Atleastshewouldn'tberunoverthere.Nowshewassomeoneelse'sproblem.HehadtomakeittoLosAngelesby

midnightanddidn'thavetimetobeahero.Heclimbedbackintohistruckbutashelookedinhismirrorandsawthegirllyingstillbythesideoftheroad

,heknewhecouldn'tleaveher.Darylputherintohistruckanddrovetothenexttown.Anhourlaterhepulledupatthepolicestation.Afterexpl

ainingwhathadhappened,hepreparedtoleave,onlyforthepolicemantosaythatheneededtomakeareport.Darylknewthiswouldtakeseveralhours,buthehad

nochoice.Therewasnowayhe'dgettoLosAngelesontimenow.Threehourslaterthereportwasdoneandthegirlhadrecoveredsomewhat.

Sheexplainedthatshehadfallenonthehighway,weakfromhunger,butcouldremembernothingelse.ShealsothankedDarylforsavingherlife

.Daryltoldherthathehadbeenhappytohelp,butashegotbackintohistruckheknewhisbosswouldn'tbe.Justashewasabouttopullbackontotheroad,hismothercalled.“Ha

veyouseen？”shesaid,“Abridgecollapsedtwohoursago,theonethatyoudriveoveronthewaytoLosAngeles.”Daryl's_blood_ran_cold.Ifhehadbeenontime,hewo

uldhavebeenonthatfallenbridgeabouttwohoursago.Darylrealizedhowluckyhewas.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Daryl在送货途中看到一位晕倒的女孩，为了帮助她而耽误了不少时间，不能按时交货，他担心老板会生气

。此时母亲打电话过来，告诉他他要经过的一座桥梁在两小时前塌方了，Daryl因为帮助他人而逃过一劫。1．WhatdidDarylplantodoinLosAngeles?A．Goonholiday.B．Deliversomegoods.C．Visithismum.D．Reporttoh

isboss.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Daryl'sdeliverytruck”可知他是去洛杉矶送货物的。2．WhydidDarylfirstleavethegirlbythesideoftheroad?A．Hedid

n'twanttobelate.B．Hethoughtthegirlwouldbefine.C．Heknewthatsomeoneelsewouldhelp.D．Heworriedthepolicewouldblamehim.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Hehadtomak

eittoLosAngelesbymidnightanddidn'thavetimetobeahero.”可知，他需要在午夜之前赶到洛杉矶，怕救女孩而迟到，所以最初他把那位女孩留在路边。3．HowdidDarylfeelafterhel

eftthepolicestation?A．Confidentthathewouldbeontime.B．Angrythathehadtomakethereport.C．Proudthathehadsavedthegir

l'slife.D．Worriedthathisbosswouldbeangry.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句中的“ashegotbackintohistruckheknewhisbosswouldn'tbe”可知，当他

离开警察局回到自己车上的时候，他担心老板会生气。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“Daryl'sbloodrancold”inthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Darylwasnowfeelingmorere

laxed.B．Darylthoughthewouldbeintrouble.C．Darylwasgreatlyshockedbythenews.D．Darylfeltthesuddenchangeintemperature.解析：

选C句意理解题。根据上下文可知，Daryl出了警察局后，接到妈妈的电话说前方路上的桥梁塌方了，而他由于救助了那个女孩而幸免于难，所以这里表示Daryl对这个消息感到极度震惊。BWhenIwasasmallboy,Inoticedthatthoughmanyoftheadultsaroun

dmewerewealthyandeducated,theywerenotalwayshappyandthissometimesledthemtobehaveinways,whichI,asachild,thoughts

trange.Asaresultofthat,Idecidedtotrytounderstandwhathappinesswasandhowbesttoachieveit.Itwasnotsurprising,then,thatIdecidedtostudypsychology.Onarri

valattheuniversity,Iwasdisappointedtofindthatacademicpsychologistsweretryingtounderstandhumanbehaviourbystudyingratsinalab.Ifelttha

ttheremustbeothermoreusefulwaysoflearninghowwethinkandfeel.Idecidedtobuildmycareerontryingtodiscoverwhatmadeoth

ershappy.Istartedoutbystudyingcreativepeoplesuchasmusicians,artistsandathletesbecausetheywerepeoplewhodev

otedtheirlivestodoingwhattheywantedtodo,ratherthanthingsthatjustbroughtthemfinancialrewards.Later,Iexpandedthestudybyin

ventingasystemcalled“theexperiencesamplingmethod”.Ordinarypeoplewereaskedtokeepanelectronicpager(传呼机)foraweekwhichgaveoutabeepingsoundeighttimesaday

.Everytimeitdidso,theywrotedownwheretheywere,whattheyweredoing,howtheyfeltandhowmuchtheywereconcentrating.Thissystemhasnowbeenusedonmorethan10,000pe

ople,andtheanswersareconsistent:aswithcreativepeople,ordinarypeoplearehappiestwhenconcentratinghard.Ifoun

dthatthemostobviouscauseofhappinessisintenseconcentration.Thismustbethemainreasonwhyactivitiessuchasmusic,art,liter

ature,sportsandotherformsofleisurehavesurvived.Inordertoconcentrate,whetheryou'rereadingapoemorbuildingasandcastl

e,whatyouneedisachallengethatmatchesyourability.Thewaytoremaincontinuallyhappy,therefore,istokeepfindingnewopportunitiestoimproveyourskil

ls.Thismaymeanlearningtodoyourjobbetterorfaster,ordoingothermoredifficultjobs.Asyougrowolder,youhavetofindnewchallengeswhicharem

oreappropriatetoyourage.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者经过研究发现人的幸福感来源于做事情的专注度。5．Whatledtheauthortostudypsychology?A．Hisdeterminationtobecomerich.B．Hisobs

ervationofadults.C．Hisunhappychildhood.D．Hisinterestinstrangers.解析：选B推理判断题。第一段提到作者小时候看到周围富有且受过教育的成年人并不总是快乐的，因而决定找

到使人们获得快乐的途径，由此可推断：他对成年人的观察促使他学习心理学。6．Whoweretheauthor'sstudysubjectsatthestartofhiscareer?A．Peoplehavingdeepaffect

ionfortheircareer.B．Peopleveryawareoftheirpersonallife.C．Peoplesuccessfulinacquiringwealth.D．Peoplewithmorefreedom.解析

：选A推理判断题。由第二段中的“Istartedoutbystudying...whodevotedtheirlivestodoingwhattheywantedtodo”可知，作者开始选择的研究对象是热爱自己事业的人。7．Theauthorusedhissystemtoshowtha

t________.A．people'shappinessdependsonwhotheyarewithB．peoplearehappierwhentheyfocusonanactivityC．creativepeoplearehappierthan

ordinarypeopleD．ordinarypeoplefindithardtoconcentrate解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段中的“aswithcreativepeople,ordinarypeopleareha

ppiestwhenconcentratinghard”可知，作者采取经验取样法研究发现：普通人和有创造性的人一样，他们在集中精神做事情的时候最快乐。8．Accordingtothetext,peopleconcentratemorewhen

theyaredoing________.A．somethingstrangeandenjoyableB．somethingdifficultbutpossibleC．thingsappropriatetotheiragesD．manythingsat

thesametime解析：选B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“intenseconcentration”及“challengethatmatchesyourability”等可知，人们在做具有一定难度但又是自己能力所及的事情时精神最集中。C

Belovedchildren'sbookscanfeeltimeless,andsothere'ssomekindofpoetic_justicewhentheirauthorslivelonglives.ThinkMauriceSendak,authorofWherethe

WildThingsAre,whodiedatage84.OrthewriterLauraIngallsWilder,shediedatage90.Someauthorslivelonger.BeverlyCleary,whoturn

ed100onApril12,2016,isoneinthatsmallbutrespectedgroup.Clearyisbestknownforkids'classicslike“HenryHuggins”.Overtheyears,she'ssoldmorethan91mill

ioncopiesofher39booksworldwide.ShehasbeenhonoredwitheverythingfrommultipleNewberyMedalsandHonorstoa“LivingLegend”designation(称号)fro

mtheLibraryofCongress.Clearyisalmostsynonymous(同义的)withPortland,Oregon.Shespentmuchofheryounglifeint

hecityandturnedherreal-lifeexperiencesintochildren'sbooksthatincorporate(包含)realplacesthatcanstillbevisitedtod

ay.AndperhapstheperfectcherryontopofaCleary-themedtourthroughtherose-decoratedcityisatriptothesculpturegardenbuiltinherhon

orinGrantParkinnortheastPortland.TheBeverlyClearySculptureGardenforChildrenwasbuiltbyagroupoflibrarians,teachersandPortlandlocalseagerto

paytheirrespectstotheirfavoriteauthorofchildren'sbooks.TheparkitselfisfeaturedinseveralClearybooks.I

tfeatureslife-sizedstatuesofRamonaQuimby,HenryHugginsandHuggins'dog,Ribsy.Quotesfromthebooksandfountainsmakethegardenevenmoref

un.WanttotakeyourClearysculpturalviewingtoanotherlevelinhonorofher100th?StopbytheMultnomahCountyLibrary'scentralbranchandseeifyoucanfindaplaq

ue(匾额)featuringadescriptionofthetimelessand,seemingly,agelessauthor.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。贝芙莉·克莱瑞是美国著名的儿童作家，她获奖无数，被称

为“活着的传奇人物”。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“poeticjustice”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Deservedrewarding.B．Hea

vypunishment.C．Terriblesuffering.D．Greatexperience.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Belovedchildren'sbookscanfeeltimeless”可以推知，作家寿命长是

他们“应得的奖赏(Deservedrewarding)”。10．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeBeverlyCleary?A．Optimistic.B．Successful.C．Gener

ous.D．Courageous.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“soldmorethan91millioncopiesofher39booksworldwide,multipleNewberyMedalsandHonors”和“LivingLegend”可知，贝芙莉·克莱瑞是一名非常成

功的儿童作家。11．WhyisClearyconnectedwithPortlandclosely?A．ShewasborninPortland.B．HerstoriesaremainlysetinPortland.C．ThereisaCleary-them

edparkinPortland.D．ShehaslivedinPortlandformostofherlife.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She...turnedherreal-lifeexperi

encesintochildren'sbooksthatincorporate(包含)realplacesthatcanstillbevisitedtoday.”可以推知，人们总是将克莱瑞的名字和波特兰联系在一起是因为她以这个城

市为背景创作出许多受欢迎的作品。12．Whatcanwelearnaboutthesculpturegarden?A．Itisfullofbeautifulroses.B．ItkeepsallofCleary'sbooks.C．Itwasbuiltbythelocalgovern

ment.D．ItshowssomecharactersinCleary'sbooks.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Clearyisbestknownforkids'classicslike‘HenryHuggins’．”和第四段中的“Itfeatureslife-sizeds

tatuesofRamonaQuimby,HenryHugginsandHuggins'dog,Ribsy.”可知答案。DWhenwemovedtotheAustralianoutback,theprev

ioustenants(房客)hadleftsomeoftheirpets,includingabigfatshinycow.Hewasahugecreature,andveryfriendly.WediscoveredmuchtoMother'sanger,thereasonhiscoatw

assoshinywashelovedtoeatthevelvetsoap(usedforwashingclothes)．Thelaundrywasquiteadistancefromthemainhouseandhalfwayinbetweenthelau

ndryandhousetherewasanartesianbore(自流井眼)whichusedtorunconstantlywithwarmsaltywater.Thecowwouldopenthelaundrydoorandeatgreatquantitiesoft

hevelvetsoap.He'dthengototheboreanddrinkequalquantitiesofthehotwater.Afterthishewouldwalkaroundtheyard

blowinggreatbigbubbleswhilebelching(打嗝)!Weaschildrenwouldencouragehimtoeatthesoapsohecouldblowthebubbles.Motherdidnot！Shehadtohidet

hesoapsothatthecowcouldnotfindit.Theotherpetwasablackcrow(乌鸦).ThecrowspentitslifewaitingforMothertopeg(用衣夹夹住)thewashedcleanclothesontheo

utsideline.Thepegsatthattimedidn'tworkwell.ThecrowwouldwaitandonceMotherhadpeggedouttheclothesandgoneinsidehewou

ldpullallthepegsoffandtheclotheswouldlandinthereddustunderneaththeline.Wethoughtthecrowwasprettysmartandwouldwaitforit

todoitsdirtydeed.Mother,whohadaveryshorttemper,wouldgetherlonggunandshootatthecrow.Finally,onedayitdisappeared.Some

weekslaterDadreportedtoMotherthatthenextdoorneighbour(wholived25kmaway)askedifweweremissingacrowwhohadtheshockinghabitofpul

lingthepegsoutoftheclothesontheclothesline.IrememberDadbeingthreatenedwithsomethingworsethandeathifheadmittedithadcomefromourhouse.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙

文。文章讲述了作者家里发生的关于宠物的有趣故事。13．Whydidthecowhaveshinyfur?A．Itlikedeatingsoap.B．Itsfurwaswashedwithsoap.C．Becauseofthelocalenvironment.

D．Becauseofthespecialgrassitate.解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段末的“WediscoveredmuchtoMother'sanger,thereasonhiscoatwassoshinywashelove

dtoeatthevelvetsoap”可知答案。14．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthecow?A．Itwaslazy.B．Itwasbrave.C．Itwasfunny.D．Itwasstupid.解析：选C推理判断题。由第三段开头的“Weaschildrenw

ouldencouragehimtoeatthesoapsohecouldblowthebubbles.”可知，作者小时候很喜欢看牛吃完肥皂后吹泡泡。由此可推断，作者觉得这头牛很有趣。15．Whatdidthecrowdo?A．Itst

olepegs.B．Itrepairedpegs.C．ItmadetroubleforMother.D．IthelpedMotherwashclothes.解析：选C推理判断题。由第四段中的“Thecrow...wouldpullallthep

egsoffandtheclotheswouldlandinthereddustunderneaththeline.”可知，乌鸦会趁母亲离开时把晾衣夹拔下来，导致母亲刚洗的衣服全都掉在了满是灰尘的地上。故可推知乌鸦给母亲制造了麻烦。16．Afterdisappea

ringfromtheauthor'shouse,thecrow________.A．diedofhungerB．brokeitsbadhabitC．camebackweekslaterD．movedtoan

earbyplace解析：选D细节理解题。由最后一段可知，乌鸦被母亲吓走后搬到了附近的一个人家，继续干拔晾衣夹的坏事。1．文体和结构特点：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、地点、事件或过程。其特点是：

主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过整篇文章来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。2．答题误区：记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系

，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。3．阅读策略：阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快

速抓住文章的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线，然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。文体

分类练(三)——说明文(限时28分钟)AWouldyouspitinatubeandspendD|S99tofindoutwhetheryouwererelatedtoafamous18th-centuryrevolutionaryoraninfamo

us19th-centurybankrobber?That'sthelatestserviceprovidedbyAncestry.com.AncestorDiscoveries,whichlaunchestoday,promisestoprovidei

tsconsumerswithintroductionstorelativesfromcenturiespast.“It'sthebiggestleapforwardforusyet,usingnearlyamillionDNAprofiles

wealreadyhaveinoursystem，”saysAncestry.comCEOTimSullivan,whosecompanyisheadquarteredinProvo,Utah.“Asweseeit,therearetwomarketsforthissortofthing.

Oneisthepeoplewhoalreadylovegenealogy(家谱学),theotherthosewhoaresimplysaying,‘TellmewhoIam，’”saysSullivan.“Forthem,famil

yhistoryisneverreallydone;theyareeagertotracetheirfamilytree.”Discoveringnewancestorsismadesimpleandinexpensive(D

|S99).Youjustprovideasmallsaliva(唾液)samplefortheDNAtest.AncestorDiscoveries'researcherswillanalyzeandcompareitwith65

millionfamilytreesandmorethan800,000Ancestry.commembers.Resultsareavailablewithinsixtoeightweeks,includingnewposs

ibleancestors,aswellasdetailsabouttheirlivesandconnectionstootherlivingrelatives.However,manyconsumers

remainfearfulofhearingbadfamilymedicalhistorynews.ButSullivansays,“Therearepositives,suchaslearningaboutthingsbeforet

heyhappen,muchlikewhatAngelinaJoliehasbeenpushing.”Theactresshashadaseriesofsurgeriesafterlearningshewasg

eneticallylikelytosufferfromtwotypesofcancer.There'slittledoubtgenealogyhasshiftedfrombeingthepastimeoffewtoapassionofmany.Thereare

fourTVshowscateringtothesubjectonPBSaswellasTLC.“Thereasonfortheincreaseininterestovertheyearsispartlyduetothefacttha

tsomanyresearchfindingsaboutgenealogyandothersuchrecordsarenowinstantlyavailableonline,whichmakesasearchsomucheasier，”say

sKenyattaBerry,co-hostofPBS'GenealogyRoadshow,nowinitssecondseason.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种通过DNA测试推断祖先信息的服务。1．Whydosomepeoplenee

dtheserviceprovidedbyAncestry.com?A．TobetterstudyDNAprofiles.B．Tolearnabouttheirfamilyhistory.C．Tocommunicat

ewiththeirrelatives.D．ToanalyzethemarketofDNAtesting.解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段的后半部分可知，有些人需要这种家谱信息服务是渴望了解他们的家族历史。2．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A．HowAn

cestorDiscoveriesworks.B．WhyAncestry.comprovidestheservice.C．HowAncestry.comdevelopedthetechnology.D．WhyAncestorDiscoveriesusessaliv

asamples.解析：选A段落大意题。第四段主要介绍了这种家谱信息服务的工作流程。3．WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeJolie'soperations?A．

Unnecessary.B．Dangerous.C．Preventative.D．Inexpensive.解析：选C推理判断题。由第五段中的“Therearepositives,suchaslearningaboutthingsbeforetheyhappe

n”可知，Jolie的手术是为了预防得病而做的。4．Whatisacauseoftherisingpopularityofgenealogy?A．Genealogyhasbecomefasterrecently.B．Genealogyisgoingtobeveryprofitable.C．Th

erearemoreTVshowsaboutgenealogy.D．Peoplecaneasilyfindgenealogicaldataonline.解析：选D细节理解题。由最后一段可知，家谱学走红的一个原因是人们现在更容易从网上获得与家谱相关的信息。BFo

ssilsunearthedinIndiathatare1.6billionyearsoldandlooklikeredalgaemayrepresenttheearliest-knownplants,adiscovery

thatcouldforcescientiststoreassessthetimingofwhenmajorlivingbeingsinthetreeoflifefirstappearedonEarth.ResearchersonTuesdaydescribedthetinyfossilsast

wotypesofredalgae,onethread-likeandtheotherbulbous(鳞茎状的),thatlivedinashallowmarineenvironment.Untilnow,theoldest-knownplantswere1.2-billion

-year-oldredalgaefossilsfromtheCanadianArctic.Theresearcherssaidcellularstructurespreservedinthefossilsandtheiroverallshapematchredalg

ae,aprimitivekindofplantthattodaygrowsinmarinesettingssuchascoralreefsbutalsocanbefoundinfreshwaterenvironments.Atypeofr

edalgaeknownasnoriisacommonsushiingredient.“Wealmostcouldhavehadsushi1.6billionyearsago，”jokedSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistorygeobiologistThereseSallste

dt,whohelpedleadthestudypublishedinthejournalPLOSBiology.Earthformedabout4.5billionyearsago.Thereisevidenceindicatinglifefirstappearedinthef

ormofmarinebacteriaroughly3.7to4.2billionyearsago.Onlymuchlaterdidplantsandthenanimalsappearintheseas.“PlantshaveakeyroleforlifeonEarth,andwes

howherethattheywereconsiderablyolderthanwhatweknew,whichhasasignificanteffectonourappreciationofwhenadvancedlifeformsappearedont

heevolutionaryscene，”Sallstedtsaid.ThefossilswerefoundinsedimentaryrocksfromChitrakootincentralIndia.Thet

hread-likefossilscontainedinternalcellularfeaturesincludingstructuresthatappeartobepartofthemachineryofphotosynthesis,theproc

essusedbyplantstoturnsunlightintochemicalenergy.Oxygenisabyproductofphotosynthesisandthearrivalofplantshelpedbuildtheatmosp

here'soxygencontent.Thefossilsalsocontainedstructuresatthecenterofeachcellwalltypicalofredalgae.Atthetime,lifewasmainlymicrobial(微生物的)andatm

osphericoxygenwasat1to10percentofcurrentlevels,saidstudyco-leaderStefanBengtson,aSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistoryresearcher.语篇解读：本文是一

篇说明文。印度发现了距今16亿年的红藻化石，说明植物可能在16亿年前就出现在了地球上。5．Whichmaybescientists'responsetothediscoveryoftheearliest-

knownplants?A．Theymayupdatetheirknowledgeaboutlife.B．Theymaydoubttheevidenceofthediscovery.C．Theymayack

nowledgetheimportanceofalgae.D．Theymayconductmorestudiesonmarinebacteria.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“adiscoverytha

tcouldforcescientiststoreassessthetimingofwhenmajorlivingbeingsinthetreeoflifefirstappearedonEarth”和第六段中的“whichhasasignif

icanteffectonourappreciationofwhenadvancedlifeformsappearedontheevolutionaryscene”可知，这项研究可能会让科学家们对生命的知识进行更新。6．WhatdidSallstedt'sj

okeimply?A．Sushihadaverylonghistory.B．Noriisanage-oldsushiingredient.C．Heshowedmuchinterestinredalgae.D．Therewereredalgae1.6billionyear

sago.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Atypeofredalgaeknownasnoriisacommonsushiingredient.”可知，Sallstedt开这个玩笑实际上是想说，在

16亿年前就已经有红藻了。7．Whatdoweknowaboutplants?A．TheystartedtoexistonEarth1.2billionyearsago.B．Theyprobablystartedt

oexistearlierthananimals.C．Theyfirstappearedintheformofmarinebacteria.D．TheywereinfactthefirstlifeonEarth.解析：选B细节理解题

。根据第五段中的“Onlymuchlaterdidplantsandthenanimalsappearintheseas.”可知，植物可能比动物要出现的早。8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Timingofm

ajorlivingbeingsassessedB．Plants'keyroleforlifeonearthconfirmedC．World'soldestplantfossilsdiscoveredinIndiaD．Redalgaefos

silsfromtheCanadianArcticunearthed解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文报道了一项重要的考古发现——印度出土了距今16亿年的红藻化石，为目前已知最古老的植物化石。CAntioxidants(抗氧化剂)incoffeeare

thoughttohelpprotectagainststroke—buttoomuchmustraisebloodpressure,whichincreasestherisk,accordingtoJapaneseresearchers.Similarly,greenteacou

ldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingevent,causedwhenabloodvesselinorservingthebrainisblocked.Thestudylookedatthedrink

inghabitsofmorethan83,000healthyadults,aged45to74,whosehealthwastrackedfor13yearsonaverage.Theyfound

thatpeoplewhodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabouta20percentlowerriskofstroke,comparedtothosewhorarelydrankit.Tog

etanequaleffect,aboutfourcupsofgreenteaadaywererequired.Allresultswereadjustedtotakeintoaccountdifferencesbetweenthegroupsinagecompositio

n,gender,smoking,alcohol,weight,dietandexercise.Dr.YoshihiroKokubo,leadauthorofthestudy,publishedinthejournalStroke,sai

d,“Theregularactionofdrinkingteaandcoffee,largelybenefitscardiovascular(心脏血管的)health.”Theirresultsforcoffeeweresimilartothatof“stud

yofstudies”，presentedataEuropeanconference,whichfoundthatonetothreecupsadaywasassociatedwitha14percen

treduction.Forthreetosixcups,thereappearedtobeasimilarbutweakerassociation,buttherewasnobenefitfromdrinkingsixormore.Exactly

whycoffeeandgreenteaappearstolowerstrokeriskisunclear,althoughantioxidantsarethoughttobeatwork.However,thescien

ceisbynomeanscutanddried.Caffeineraisesbloodpressure,andtherehavebeenindicationsthattoomuchcoffeecanraisestrokeriskbecauseofthis.

Dr.DaleWebb,fromtheStrokeAssociationsaid,“Wewelcomethisstudywhichsuggeststhatthebenefitsofantioxidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoff

setthepotentialharmfromcaffeine.”Hethought,theresultsshowhigherconsumptionofgreenteaandcoffeemightreducetherisksofstroke.“Wewouldliketoseefurther

researchtounderstandthesefindings，”hesaid.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，喝咖啡或绿茶可以降低中风的风险。但是，喝过量也会导致血压升高，因此，要适量饮用咖啡或绿茶。9．Whatmaylead

toastrokeaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Higherbloodpressure.B．Drinkingacupofcoffeeaday.C．Blockedbloodvesselsinthebrain

.D．Antioxidants.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Similarly,greenteacouldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingevent,causedwhenab

loodvesselinorservingthebrainisblocked.”可知，当大脑中的血管发生堵塞的时候，可能会导致中风。故选C。10．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thestudymainlyfoc

usesonmiddle-agedpeople.B．Drinkingonecupofcoffeeadaybenefitshealth.C．Thosewhoseldomdrinkcoffeeareheal

thier.D．Drinkingteacontributestostroke.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabouta20percentlowerriskofstroke,co

mparedtothosewhorarelydrankit.”可推断出，每天至少喝一杯咖啡对身体健康有好处。故选B。11．WhatistheattitudeofDr.DaleWebbtowardthisstudy?A．Hesawmorefindingsofthisstudyunsatis

fiedly.B．Heunderstoodthedifficultyofthisstudy.C．Heappreciatedtheachievementsofthisstudy.D．Hewasdisappointedt

ofindnofollowingresearch.解析：选C观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Dr.DaleWebb,fromtheStrokeAssociationsaid,‘Wewelcomethisstudywhichsuggeststhattheb

enefitsofantioxidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoffsetthepotentialharmfromcaffeine.’”可判断出，DaleWebb医生对这项研究的成果持赞赏态度。故选C。12．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthet

ext?A．DrinkingcoffeeraisesbloodpressureB．DrinkingteareducesstrokeC．DrinkingcoffeeequalsdrinkingteaD．Drinkingteaorcoffeeproperlymatter

s解析：选D标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述的是：最新的研究表明，适当饮用一定量的咖啡或绿茶能降低患中风的风险。D项意为“适当饮用咖啡或茶很重要”，体现了本文的主旨，适合作标题。故选D。DHospitalityreferstotherelati

onshipbetweenaguestandahost,wherethehostreceivestheguestwithgoodwill,includingthereceptionandentertainmen

tofguests,visitors,orstrangers.LouisdeJaucourtdescribeshospitalityintheEncyclopédieasthevirtueofagreatsoulthatcaresforthewholeuniversethroughtheti

esofhumanity.Hospitalityoriginated(起源)fromtheLatinhospes,whichmeans“stranger”or“enemy”.IntheWesttodayhospitalityisrarelyamatterofprotectiona

ndsurvivalandismoreassociatedwithpolitenessandentertainment.However,itstillinvolvesshowingrespectforone'sguests

,providingfortheirneeds,andtreatingthemasequals.Itisexpectedtoshowhospitalitytostrangers,asopposedtopersonalfriendsormembe

rsofone'singroup.InAncientGreece,hospitalitywasright,withthehostbeingexpectedtomakesuretheneedsofhisguestsweremet.TheancientG

reektermxenia,ortheoxeniawhenagodwasinvolved,expressedthisritualized(仪式化的)guest-friendshiprelation.InGreeksocietyaperson'sabilitytoobeythelawsofh

ospitalitydeterminednobilityandsocialstanding.InIndia,hospitalityisbasedontheprinciple“theguestisGod”.Thisprincipleisshowninanumbe

rofstorieswhereaguestturnedouttobeagodwhorewardstheproviderofhospitality.FromthisoriginatestheIndianpracticeofgrac

iousnesstowardsguestsathomeandinallsocialsituations.Celtic(凯尔特人的)societiesalsovaluedtheconceptofhosp

itality,especiallyintermsofprotection.Ahostwasexpectednotonlytoprovidefoodandshelterforhis/herguests,buttomakesur

etheydidnotcometoharmwhileundertheircare.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“好客”的含义及其在不同国家的文化中所表现出的不同特征。13．WhatdidLouisdeJaucourtthinkofh

ospitality?A．Arelationshipbetweenamasterandaservant.B．Anoblemoralitytotreathumansintheworld.C．Asocialstandardtomeasureone'sin

telligence.D．Anacademictraditionpassedonfromancienttimes.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“LouisdeJaucourtdescribeshospital

ityintheEncyclopédieasthevirtueofagreatsoulthatcaresforthewholeuniversethroughthetiesofhumanity.”可知，LouisdeJaucourt认为“好客”是一种善待全人类的崇高品德。故选B。14．Wha

tcanweinferabouthospitalityintheWestnow?A．Itmeansthehostsmustprotecttheirguestsindanger.B．Itisunnecessarytos

howhospitalitytoclosefriends.C．Ithasbecomeaceremonytotreatanyvisitingguest.D．Ithasdifferentdegreestoshowrespectfordifferentg

uests.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Itisexpectedtoshowhospitalitytostrangers,asopposedtopersonalfriendsormembersofone'singroup

.”可推知，如今在西方，人们没必要对亲密的朋友展现他们的殷勤好客。故选B。15．Whichofthefollowingpeopleusedtoregardhospitalityasasocialstandard?A．Greeks.B．Indians.C．Celts.D．L

atinos.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“InGreeksocietyaperson'sabilitytoobeythelawsofhospitalitydeterminednobilityandsocialstanding.”可知，在古希腊，人们把好

客当作评判一个人的高贵程度与社会地位的标准。故选A。16．WhatmightbethereasonforIndians'hospitality?A．Theguests'rewards.B．Thesocialsituations.C．Thelawsofhospitality.D．TheInd

ians'kindness.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Thisprincipleisshowninanumberofstorieswhereaguestturnedouttobeagodwhorewardsthepr

oviderofhospitality.”可推知，印度人好客是希望得到客人的回报。故选A。1．语言特点：阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的

文章来说难度更大。2．结构特点：说明文的结构特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：(1)总分式。事物说明文常用“总—分”式、“总—分—总”式和“分—总”式结构。(2)递进式。事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地

剖析事理。(3)并列式。文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。(4)对照式。通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。3．阅读策略说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法、有技巧地去阅读。一般我们采用的方法有三种：细读、略读和跳读。(1)细读

重点。重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、主要内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。微观方面：有转折处；重要标点

；句子主干。(2)有选择地略读或跳读。在快速浏览了题干，初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆地有选择地进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文。在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：繁琐的例证为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明

问题，但读者需要花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。并列多项列举有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读。无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如

果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其用下划

线标注出来，以免回头再查看时费时费力。文体分类练(四)——议论文(限时28分钟)ATodaySamwillplowthroughthecity'sroughboroughsinsearchofcookiedough,eventhoughheoughttostayhomet

onursehiscough.What'swrongwiththatsentence?Sevenwordscontaining“ough”，differentpronunciations.Oo,uhff,oh,oh,oh,aww,aww.I

sn'tEnglishfun?AgroupofexpertsintheUnitedKingdomandUnitedStatesbelievetheillogicalspellingintheEnglishlanguageismorethanjustannoyingforthosew

hohavetomemorizetherules.TheyputforwardanInternationalEnglishSpellingCongresstodevelopaspellingsystemthatma

kesmoresense.“InsomelanguageslikeFinnish,SpanishandItalian,thereisastrongconnectionbetweenthewrittenandspokenword，”saidStephenLinstead

,headoftheEnglishSpellingSociety.ButEnglishwordswiththesamelettergroupingsarepronounceddifferentlyandthesamesoundcanbespelleddifferently,dependin

gontheword,heexplained.Linguisticexpertsfromaroundtheworldwouldsuggestalistofnewspellingstocorrectproblematicwordgro

ups—see:“ough”—andthecongresswouldselectanalternativespellingsystem.LinsteadsaiduniversitystudiesintheU．K.haveconcludedthatEnglis

h-speakingchildrentakesignificantlylongertolearnbasicreadingandwritingskillsthanchildreninotherEuropeancountries.Hesaidpartoftheprobleml

iesinthespelling.“Oneofthememberssaidthereasonhejoinedourassociationwasbecauseofthefrustrationshefeltteachinghisstudentstoread

byusingphonics(拼读法)，”Linsteadsaid.“Anytimehetaughtthemarule,therewouldbeallsortsofexceptions.”Col.RobertMcC

ormick,longtimepublisheroftheTribune,wasamajoradvocateforsimplifiedspelling,andhisnewspaperforatimeused“fantom”inst

eadof“phantom”and“frate”insteadof“freight”．Andintheearly20thcentury,theSimplifiedSpellingBoard(SSB)publishedalistof300wordswithspellingsthatareea

sytounderstandandtouse:“color”insteadof“colour”，“fixt”for“fixed”.PresidentTheodoreRooseveltapprovedthechanges,buthisorderwasoverturnedby

Congress.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了一些英美专家正在酝酿一场新的简化英语单词拼写的运动。1．WhatdoestheauthoruseParagraph1toshow?A．ItisverynecessarytolearnEnglish

pronunciation.B．ManywordsintheEnglishlanguageareinteresting.C．Englishsentencesaresometimeshardtounderstand.D．ThesameEnglishlette

rgroupcanbereaddifferently.解析：选D推理判断题。文章的前两段在全文起到了引出话题的作用。第一段的用意是举例说明英语中同样的字母组合可能会有不同的发音。2．WhataretheBri

tishandAmericanexpertsgoingtodo?A．ReformtheEnglishspellingsystem.B．Helppeoplememorizespellingrules.C．Raisethestatus

offoreignlanguageslikeFinnish.D．Studythelinkbetweenwrittenandspokenwords.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheyputforwardanInternationalEng

lishSpellingCongresstodevelopaspellingsystemthatmakesmoresense.”和第五段可知，这些英美专家想对英语拼写进行改革。3．Whydidtheteacherjointhe

EnglishSpellingSociety?A．Hewantedtolearnmoreaboutwords.B．ThespellingofEnglishwordsisillogical.C．Hisstudentswereinterestedinspellingrules.D．Hewould

improvehisstudents'learningskills.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第七段可知，这位老师加入英语拼写协会是因为英语单词的拼写不合逻辑。4．WhatdidMcCormickandRoosevelthaveincommon?A．Bo

thofthemhelpedfoundSSB.B．BothofthemhadinfluencedCongress.C．Bothofthemwereinsupportofsimplifiedspelling.D．Bothofthemusedeasierspellingsintheirdailywor

k.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，McCormick和Roosevelt都是简化拼写的支持者。BInManhattan'sEighthAvenue/FourteenthStreetsubwaystation,agrin

ningbronzealligatorwithhumanhandspopsoutofamanholecovertogrababronze“baby”whoseheadistheshapeofamoneybag.IntheBronxGeneralPostOffic

e,agiant13-panelpaintingcalledResourcesofAmericacelebratesthehardworkandindustrialismofAmericainthefirst

halfofthetwentiethcentury.AndinBrooklyn'sMetroTechCenter,severalinstallationsofart(艺术装置)areonviewatanygiv

entime.Thereexistsineverycityasymbiotic(共生的)relationshipbetweenthecityanditsart.Whenwehearthetermart,wetendtothinkofpriva

teart—thekinddisplayedinspacessuchasmuseums,concerthalls,andgalleries.Butthereisagrowinginterestin,andrespectfor,pu

blicart:thekindofartcreatedforanddisplayedinspacessuchasparks,buildinglobbies,andsidewalks.Publicartisspecificallydesignedforapublicarena(活动场所)wher

etheartwillbeencounteredbypeopleintheirnormalday-to-dayactivities.Publicartcanbepurelydecorativeorhighlyfunct

ional.Itisalsoanessentialelementofeffectiveurbandesign.Themoreobviousformsofpublicartincludemonuments,sculptures,founta

ins,murals,andgardens.Butpublicartalsotakestheformofdecorativebenchesorstreetlights,decorativemanholecovers,andmosaics

ontrashbins.Publicartisaboutthehistoryandcultureoftheartist,theneighbourhood,thecityandthenation.Publicartisalsoa“place-makingdevice”thatinstantlycr

eatesmemorable,experientiallandmarks,fashioningauniqueidentityforapublicplace,personalizingitandgivingitaspecificcharacter.Itchallengesviewerstointer

prettheartandarousestheiremotions,anditpromotescommunitybystimulating(激发)interactionamongviewers.语篇解读：本文是一

篇议论文。文章论述了公共艺术对城市所起的积极作用。5．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?A．Tostresstheimportanceofpublicart.B．Toshowhowentertainingpub

licartis.C．Toencouragereaderstovaluepublicart.D．Tointroducereaderstotheideaofpublicart.解析：选D推理判断题。由文章结构和大意可知，文章开头列举了纽约三处地方的艺术作品来引导读者对公共艺术这一概念的认识，以便引出

下文对公共艺术的作用的讨论。6．Inwhichaspectdoespublicartdifferfromprivateart?A．Itsvalue.B．Itstheme.C．Itsinfluence.D．It

saccessibility.解析：选D细节理解题。第二段中指出“privateart”主要置于museums,concerthalls,andgalleries，而“publicart”多置于par

ks,buildinglobbies,andsidewalks，故作者主要是通过它们的“易接近程度”来区分二者的。7．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theformso

fpublicart.B．Thefunctionsofpublicart.C．Theimportanceoflandmarks.D．Thepromotionofurbandesign.解析：选B段落大意题。文章最后一段前半部分论述了

公共艺术的装饰性和实用性，后半部分着重论述它的人文意义，故选B项。CFreezingcanslightlychangethenutritionalcompositionoffruitsandvegetables,sometimesin

favorofthefrozenproductsandsometimesinfavoroftheirfreshcounterparts(对应的事物),butoverall,“there's_no_clear_winner，”saidAliBouzari,whoha

sdonestudiescomparingfreshandfrozenproduce.“Itreallydependswhichplantyou'retalkingabout.”Thoughvitaminscandecreaseinfreshfruit

sandvegetablesovertime,manynutrientsinfoodsaremuchhardlierthanmostpeopleassume,Dr.Bouzarisaid.“Mineralslikeironarealmostunshakable,an

dthefiberdoesn'tcareatallwhetherit'sheatedorfrozen，”hesaid.Andingeneral,thedifferencesinnutrientlevelsbetweenfreshandfrozenaresominorthattheywoul

dbeunlikelytohaveanimpactonoverallhealth,anddietitiansgenerallyencouragepeopletoeatasmanyfruitsandvegetablesastheycan,inwhateverformtheyenjoy.D

r.BouzariandcolleaguesattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,comparedthevitamincontentineightdifferentfreshandfro

zenfruitsandvegetables—corn,carrots,broccoli,spinach,peas,greenbeans,strawberriesandblueberries—andfoundnoconsistentdifferencesoverallbetweenfreshan

dfrozen.Thevitamincontentwasoccasionallyhigherinsomefrozenfoods;frozenbroccoli,forexample,hadmoreriboflavin(atypeofBvitamin

)thanfreshbroccoli.Butfrozenpeashadlessriboflavinthanfreshpeas;andfrozencorn,greenbeansandblueberrieshadmorevi

taminCthantheirfreshcounterparts.Theresearchersalsoanalyzedfiber,phenoliccompoundsandmineralslikecalcium,ironandzincandreachedasimila

rconclusion.MaryAnnLila,directorofthePlantsforHumanHealthInstituteatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,notedthatfreshberriesl

osesomenutrientswhilesittingontheshelf,soeatthemrightawaytogetthemostnutrients.Frozenberrieswillalsolosenutrientsw

henkeptinahomefreezerthat'sopenedandshutoften,shesaid,sofreezefruitsinadeepfreezerorattheverybackofakitchenfreezer.Lookforproducefrozenunde

raprocesscalled“individuallyquickfrozen，”orIQF,forthebestquality.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。美国科学家AliBouzari研究发现，新鲜食物和冷冻食

物的营养差别不大。8．WhatdoesBouzarimeanbysaying“there'snoclearwinner”？A．Theinfluenceoffreezingonfoodsisunclear.B

．Freezingcanbeusedforcertainkindsofplants.C．It'shardtosaywhichformoffoodishealthier.D．It'simpossibletofindafoodthatsuit

severyone.解析：选C句意理解题。根据第一段内容，并联系全文主旨可知，Bouzari这句话的意思是：很难说新鲜食物和冷冻食物哪一种更健康。9．Whatmayexpertsadviseyoutodotogetmorefiber?A．Toeatmoreha

rdyfruitsandvegetables.B．Toeatmorefrozenfruitsandvegetables.C．Toeatmorefruitsandvegetablesaftertheyareboiled.D．Toeat

morefruitsandvegetablesnomatterfreshorfrozen.解析：选D推理判断题。由第二段中的“andthefiberdoesn'tcareatallwhetherit'sheatedorfrozen”和“anddietitiansgenerall

yencouragepeopletoeatasmanyfruitsandvegetablesastheycan,inwhateverformtheyenjoy”可推断，想要多获取纤维，多吃新鲜的或者冷冻的蔬菜水果都可以。10．Whichofthefo

llowinghasmorevitaminsthanitsfrozencounterparts?A．Thefreshpea.B．Freshcorn.C．Freshbroccoli.D．Thefreshblueberry.解析：选A细节理解

题。由第三段中的“Butfrozenpeashadlessriboflavinthanfreshpeas”可知，新鲜的豌豆含有的一种维生素B比冷冻的豌豆要高。11．WhichmaybeLila'sadviceforthosewh

oofteneatberries?A．Freezeberriesclosetothefreezerdoor.B．Chooseberriessittingontheshelf.C．Preserveberrieswith

otherfruits.D．BuyIQFberriesatsupermarkets.解析：选D推理判断题。由最后一段“Lookforproducefrozenunderaprocesscalled‘individuallyquickfrozen，’orIQF,forthebestq

uality.”可知，Lila可能会建议常吃浆果的人去购买经过IQF技术冷冻的浆果。DWhenitcomestohumanbehaviour,thebrainisshowntohavetwodifferentapproachestothinking.Acommonthoughtp

rocessistheautomaticandfastapproachwhichhelpsustoreactquicklyindangeroussituations.ThisisknownasSystem1anddatesbacktothetimesofourpr

ehistoricancestors,wholivedwithanaturalawarenessofthedangersaroundthem—badweatherandthreateninganimals.Nowad

ays,westillhavetheabilitytoreactsorapidlyandnaturallytosituationsthatitcanfeellikeyou'renotthinkingatall.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfgivingintote

mptation(诱惑)andunabletosay“no”tobuyingthatnewjacketinthewindow?ThisisbecauseSystem1isincontrol—ahumancharacteristicwhichtheworldofadvertising

likestomakethemostof!System2istheopposite.It'saslowthoughtprocessthatrequiresustopayattentionandconcentrate

,forexample,whendoingacomplexmathematicalsum.Thiswayofthinkinghelpsustomakesensiblelong-termdecisions.TheproblemisthatSystem2of

tenstartstofeelboringandsoSystem1takesover.HowoftenhaveyouputdownyourhomeworkorputoffdoingimportantjobstogoonFacebookorwatchaTVsoap?Weliketoth

inkthatwegothroughlifemainlyusingSystem2.Asindividuals,weareincontrol,alwaystakingsensibleandlogicalde

cisions.System1typethoughtsarereservedforspecialoccasionswhenwecanaffordtorelaxalittle—onholidayperhaps.However,theformerpl

aysmoreofasecondaryroleinourlives,withthelattertakingthemainstage.Sometimesit'sSystem1thatmakestherightdecisionbutSystem2t

hatgetsitwrong.Forexample,professionalsportsteamsputalotofeffortintoagameplanbutoftenit'stheunconscioushumanwishtodosomething

differentlythatleadstoaspectaculargoal.Thiscanalsoleadtothecommonmistakenideathatyoursuccessfuldecisionsdemonstrateyourskillandtalent,wheninfacttheyw

erejustluck.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人的两种思维在生活中的作用。12．Accordingtothetext,modernadvertisingsucceedsby________.A．excitingournaturaldesiresB．ta

kingadvantageofourfearsC．causingustoreactinasafewayD．studyingtheprehistorichumanmind解析：选A推理判断题。由第一段中的“givingintote

mptation(诱惑)”及“ahumancharacteristic”等可推知，商家正是利用激发人类天生的欲望来做广告的。13．WhatisSystem2goodfor?A．Comingupwithcreativeideas.B．Concentrati

ngforlongperiods.C．Performingdifficultmentaltasks.D．Doingseveraltasksatthesametime.解析：选C推理判断题。由第二段中的“doingacomplexmathematicalsum”可推知，System2思维

模式有利于人类做复杂的脑力工作。14．Whatdoes“This”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Anunexpectedsportswin.B．Asuddenchangeofaction.C．Anuncon

sciousmistake.D．Amatureplan.解析：选A代词指代题。This指代的是前文提到的精彩的进球，也就是临时的人为决定带来的意外胜利。15．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtomakesensibledecisions.B．Whatcon

trolsourmind.C．Twosystemsofthought.D．Humancharacteristics.解析：选C主旨大意题。全文用对比的手法介绍了人类的两种思维模式各自的作用、优劣及相互关系，故选C项。1．语言与结构特点：议论文一般观点明确、论

据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性，通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题(引论)—分析问题(本论)—解决问题(结论)”。因此，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。2．答题误区：议

论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。3．阅读策略：在阅读解题

时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。通常来说，议论文会采用三段论式结构。首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、

引用和对比等，这一部分要注意作者所选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读

试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。