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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（七）专题十八阅读理解第7讲北京西城二模阅读理解CD篇1.掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2.掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过阅读理

解高频词、长难句等语料的积累,及阅读理解解题技巧的练习,灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”,在英语学习的过程中,语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理,能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良

好的基础。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句,快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差教学目标名师点拨speakup大声讲，畅所欲

言onlineadj.在线的getalongwith与„和睦相处disagreev.不同意opp.agreen.disagreementarguev.争论，辩论n.argumentrespectfullyadv.恭敬地adj.respectfuldiscussionn.讨

论v.discusscalmlyadj.冷静地，平静的pointout指出，指明patientadj.有耐心的liev.说谎，躺n.谎言avoidv.避开，避免wrongadj.错误的opp.righttrustv.相信，信任freedomn.自由adj.free长难句（

课前检测学生的句型储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）1.Abouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheygetalongverywellwiththeirparents.（优良差）________

_________________________________________________________________________________________句意：大约三分之二的孩子们说他

们与父母相处的很好。本句中包含着一个由that引导的宾语从句，作said的宾语，that省略。2.Whentheydisagreewiththeirparents,theysaytheyhaveadiscussioncal

mly.（优良差）________________________________________________________________________________________________

_句意：当他们与父母意见不一致的时候，他们说他们进行了冷静地讨论。本句中包含着一个由when引导的时间状语从句，当„的时候。3.Kidsandparentsgetalongdifferentlyatdifferenttimesofthejourneyoflife.（优良差）_

________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：孩子们和父母在生命旅程的不同时期的相处是不同的。本句

翻译时要注意中英语序的差别。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌

握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文

章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下

一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案

。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种

题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻

、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where

,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthande

d.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.I

fyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurpr

isedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本

题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandt

rycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。

”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、

体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheau

thoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithlonel

iness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthings

todo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,bec

auseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemo

ney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthew

indow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfre

ely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousa

rtistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论S

yal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二

段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关

键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3

.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义

6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedeve

lopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepup

with.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发

展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintop

icofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问

目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inth

epast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheir

lefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.

WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D

.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们

认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的

关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Accordingtothepoll,howmanykidsgetalongverywellwiththeirparents?（细节理解题）A.About4/5.B.About2/3.C.About

1/2.D.About2/5.2WhatdoesLynessadvisekidstodowhenargumentshappen?（细节理解题）语篇精讲A.Listentotheirparentscalmly.B.

Trytounderstandtheirparents.C.Voicetheiropinionswithpatience.D.Tellawhitelietoavoidproblems.3Accordi

ngtoLyness,whichisapossiblewayforkidstogetmorefreedom?（细节理解题）A.Totellthetruth.B.Tocaremoreabouttheirparents.C.Tomakelesstrouble.D.Tohavea

talkwiththeirparents.4Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?（推理判断题）A.Disagreementsbetweenparentsandkidsareavoidable.B.Kidsage

s12to14liemorebecausetheyhavelessfun.C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandkidsstaysthesame.D.Bothparentsandkidsshouldmakechangestogetonwell.通篇寻读（通读文章，根据

问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3807分钟__/4★★★KidsSpeakUpInanonlinepoll(投票),TIMEFORKIDSandKidsHealth.orgaske

dkidshowtheyaregettingalongwiththeirparents.Here’swhattheytoldus.GettingAlongandHavingFunAbouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheygetalongv

erywellwiththeirparents.Aboutfouroutoffivetoldustheyhavefunwiththeirparents.Butthatdoesn’tmeantheyneverdisagree.Infact

,mostkidsreportedarguingwiththeirparentssometimes.“It’scommontodisagreeandargue,”saysD’ArcyLyness,achildpsyc

hologist(心理学家).“Butit’salsoimportanttolearnhowtodosorespectfully.”Abouthalfofthekidssaidtheyaredoingthat.Whentheydisagreewiththeirparents,theysay

theyhaveadiscussioncalmly.Buttwooutoffivekidssaidargumentsalwaysinvolveshoutingateachother.Lynesspointsoutthatshoutingneverhelps.“Speakup,a

ndletyourparentsknowyourideas,”sheadvises.“Butbepatient.Don’tusearaised,angryvoice.”Notsurprisingly,threeoutoffourkidsadmitted(承认)tolyi

ngattimes.Manysaidtheylietoavoidgettingintroubleordisappointingtheirparents.AccordingtoLyness,lyingisn’tjustwrong.It

canactuallygetbadresults.Tellingthetruthbuildstrust.“Whenparentscantrustyou,theyaremorelikelytogiveyou

morefreedom.”shesays.AChangingRelationshipKidsages12to14notonlysaidtheyliemore,buttheyalsoreportedhavinglessf

un,feelinglessclose,andnotgettingalongaswellwiththeirparents.AccordingtoLyness,thosefeelingsarenotuncommon.Askidsgrowup,theyhav

emoredisagreementsorargumentswiththeirparents.Butitdoesn’thavetobethatway.“Kidsandparentsgetalongdifferentlyatdiffere

nttimesofthejourneyoflife,”shesays.Askidsgrowandchange,itisimportantforeverybodytoadapt(适应).“There’sadanceofwaysthat

youactwithothersandgetalong,”shepointsout.“Thenthere’sachange,andit’sadifferentdance.”Changeisnormal,shestresses

.Sharethisstorywithyourfamily.Youmayfindthatyouhavealottotalkabout.逐题分析语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要阐述了孩子成长过程中在与父母相处方面遇到的一些问题及针对这些问题的解决方法

。1.Accordingtothepoll,howmanykidsgetalongverywellwiththeirparents?A.About4/5.B.About2/3.C.About1/2.D.About2/5.解析：B.细节

理解题。题干意为“根据这项投票，有多少孩子与父母相处的融洽？”，根据题干关键短语getalongverywellwith可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据关键句Abouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheyg

etalongverywellwiththeirparents.可知答案为大约2/3，故选B。2.WhatdoesLynessadvisekidstodowhenargumentshappen?A.Listentotheirparentscalmly.B.Trytounde

rstandtheirparents.C.Voicetheiropinionswithpatience.D.Tellawhitelietoavoidproblems.解析：C.细节理解题。根据题干关键句whenargu

mentshappen可将答案锁定在第4段中，根据关键句“Speakup,andletyourparentsknowyourideas,”sheadvises.“Butbepatient.Don’tusearaised,a

ngryvoice.”“大声说出来，让你的父母知道你的想法，但是要耐心一些，不要用一个提高音调的，生气的声音。”，通过本句可知，在和父母发生争论时，孩子应该耐心的表达出自己的想法，故选C。3.AccordingtoLyness,whichisapossiblewayforkidstoge

tmorefreedom?A.Totellthetruth.B.Tocaremoreabouttheirparents.C.Tomakelesstrouble.D.Tohaveatalkwiththeirparents.解析：A.细节理解题。根据题干关键短语g

etmorefreedom可将答案锁定在文章第五段中，根据段中关键句Tellingthetruthbuildstrust.“Whenparentscantrustyou,theyaremorelikelytogiveyoumorefreedom.”shesays.

“讲出事实能够铸造信任。“当父母能够相信你时，他们可能给你更多自由。”，故可以判断要想获得更多自由，应该讲事实，故选A。4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Disagreementsb

etweenparentsandkidsareavoidable.B.Kidsages12to14liemorebecausetheyhavelessfun.C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandkidsstaysthesame.D.Bothparen

tsandkidsshouldmakechangestogetonwell.解析：D推理判断题。本题需要逐项排除。A项意为“父母和孩子之间的分歧是可以避免的。”，根据第三段关键句“It’scommontodisagreeandargue,”可知“争吵和分歧

是常见的”，所以此项错误；B项意为“12到14岁的孩子撒谎更多，因为他们有更少的乐趣。”，根据第六段关键句Kidsages12to14notonlysaidtheyliemore,buttheyalsoreportedhavinglessfun,可知撒谎更多与乐趣更少之间不是因果关系，故此项错误；

C项意为“父母和孩子之间的关系保持不变”，根据倒数第二段关键句“Kidsandparentsgetalongdifferentlyatdifferenttimesofthejourneyoflife,”

可知孩子在不同时期与父母之间的关系是不同的，故此项排除；D项意为“为了相处融洽，父母和孩子都应该做出改变。”，根据最后一段关键句Changeisnormal,shestresses.“改变是正常的”可知此项正确

，故选D。精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下,回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1、2、3推理判断题4词义猜测题主旨大意题基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短

语词性词义speakupadj.在线的getalongwithv.不同意v.争论，辩论respectfullyadv.n.讨论adj.冷静地，平静的pointoutadj.有耐心的v.说谎，躺v.避开，避

免wrongadj.v.相信，信任freedomn.二、句子英汉互译★★1.当UFO着陆的时候，他正在购物。_____________________________________________.2.我知道他是一名加拿大运动员。_________________________________

_____________.3.Abouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheygetalongverywellwiththeirparents.______________________________________________.4.Whenthey

disagreewiththeirparents,theysaytheyhaveadiscussioncalmly.______________________________________________.5.Kidsandpar

entsgetalongdifferentlyatdifferenttimesofthejourneyoflife.能力提升______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字

数建议用时实际用时正确率星级广告布告类说明文3537分钟__/4★★★Kidsdon’thaveavoice.Theyhavenowaytosharetheirideas.TEDxYouthisalocallyorganizedevent,

wherelivetalksandrecordedvideosaresharedwiththecommunity(社区).TEDxYouthisalwaysheldonChildren’sDayeveryyear.Itbringstogeth

erbigideasfrom,andforkids.Moreimportantly,itencourageskidstosharetheirideaswiththeworld.“Ageisbutanumber.You’renottooyoungtochangetheworld.Plann

inganeventalongsideyoungpeoplemakesyourealizethatkidshaveideasthatanadultmightusuallynotthinkof,”saidoneTEDxYouthspeaker.Anotherspeakersaid,“Wh

atIhavecometorealizeisthatnomatterwhereyouliveorhowoldyouare,everyoneiseagertobesomeonegreat.”OrganizingaTEDxYoutheventshowsthatkid

sareabletodomuchmorethanwhat’sexpected.Theytrulytakethiseventandmakeitevenmorethanwhateveryonehopesitwillbe.“Thefactth

atyouth,justlikeme,hadplannedandruntheeventshockedmemost,”saidonevolunteer.“Ithoughttheeventwassurprising.Icouldn’tbelievethatkidsofmyagemadetheeve

nthappen.”ThereareseveralwaystotakepartinTEDxYouth.Theeasiestwayistobecomeaspeaker,ifyouthinkyourideaiswort

hspreading.Anotherwayistoattendanevent.Andlastly,youcanbecomeaTEDxYouthReporter.Reporterstakepicturesfromtheeven

tandpostthemonline,andsendnewsaboutwhatishappeningatevent,interviewsomeofthespeakers,andwritearticlesabouttheevent.“Itwaswonderfultoseehowyout

hteammemberswerewiththewholeeventandhowthankfultheywere(andstillare!)tobegivensuchanunbelievablechanceasbeingpartofaTEDxeve

nt,”saidanorganizer.TEDxYouthiswelcomingkidsfromeveryculturewhowanttohaveadeeperunderstandingoftheworld.Thosewhogetinvo

lvedwithitbelieveinthepowerofideas,whichcanchangeattitudes,livesandtheworld.1.WhatisthemainpurposeofholdingaTEDxYouthevent?（细节理解

题）A.Togivekidsachancetorecordvideos.B.Tospreadkids’ideasallovertheworldC.ToraisemoneyforthelocalcommunityD.Tohelpkidswiththei

rschoolwork2.Whatdidavolunteerthinkoftheevent?（细节理解题）A.QuitetypicalB.PrettycrazyC.RatherdifficultD.Surprisinggood3.Oneofareporter’

sjobsisto____.（细节理解题）A.giveatalkB.dosomeinterviewsC.plananeventD.organizesomeactivities4.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?（主旨大

意题）A.WhenIsTEDxYouthHeld?B.WhycanKidsRealizeTheirDreams?C.HowCanKidsShareBigIdeas?D.WhatChangesCanTEDxYouthBringUs?参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性

词义speakup大声讲，畅所欲言onlineadj.在线的getalongwith与„和睦相处disagreev.不同意arguev.争论，辩论respectfullyadv.恭敬地discussionn.讨论cal

mlyadj.冷静地，平静的pointout指出，指明patientadj.有耐心的liev.说谎，躺avoidv.避开，避免wrongadj.错误的trustv.相信，信任freedomn.自由二、句子英汉互译。1.Hewasshoppingwhenthe

UFOlanded.2.Iknow(that)heisaCanadianathlete.3.大约三分之二的孩子们说他们与父母相处的很好。4.当他们与父母意见不一致的时候，他们说他们进行了冷静地讨论。5

.孩子们和父母在生命旅程的不同时期的相处是不同的。阅读练习1.B2.D3.B4.CD篇知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差insteadadv.代替，反而，相反limitedadj.有限的limitv

.限制，限定adventuren.冒险explorev.探索，探险suitv.适合，使„名师点拨适应accordingto根据，按照putoff推迟nearbyadj.附近的pullaway（火车等）开始行驶funn

yadj.有趣的，好笑的definitelyadv.当然，肯定的pleasev.使高兴，使满意practicaladj.实际的，实用的incase以防，万一sickadj.生病的长难句1.Instead,theywalkaroundwithb

ackpacksfilledwitheverythingtheyneed,readytosleepunderthestarsifnecessary.（优良差）__________________________________

_______________________________________________________________句意：相反，他们背着装着他们所需要的必需品的双肩背包四处走走，如果有必要的话准备好了在户外睡觉。本句中短语filledwitheverythingt

heyneed为过去分词短语作定语，修饰backpacks，表示被动，双肩背包被装满„。2.Withtheirlimitedbudget,theyneedtochooselodgings(住宿)andtransportb

asedonanoldsaying—thelowertheprice,thebetter.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________

________________________________句意：考虑到他们有限的预算，他们需要根据一个原则来选择住宿和交通——价格越低，越好。本句包含初中阶段重点句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越„，越„

”，本句型也可以用在写作中。3.Travellingwithfriendshelpsyoulearnaboutgettingonwithpeopleandworkingtogether.（优良差）___________________________________

______________________________________________________________句意：和朋友一起旅行能够帮助你学习与人相处和团队合作。本句型中的travellingwithfriends

为动名词短语做主语。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理

解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章

后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，

以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文

，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍

。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方

式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,w

hen(where,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeopl

earelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythis

experiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscu

tuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutu

ppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttin

gapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故

选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题1.Itcanbeinferredfromthe

textthat_____.方式2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行

推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedh

erindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighb

ors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghe

rtimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstori

es,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseas

ons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.

stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffects

ofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awritern

amedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreati

ve,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组

成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlik

elymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过

构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.Howev

er,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelo

pcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧

2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引

起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraph

ismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticle

isto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethe

lefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandto

write.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlef

thandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthe

lefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词i

nthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人

们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Whatdobackpackersusuallydo?（细节理解题）A.St

ayinpriceyhotels.B.Facealotofdangers.C.Spendmuchmoney.D.Choosecheaptransport.2WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBettyistrue?（细节理解题）语篇精讲A.

Bettypreferredtravellingwithherfamilyonholidays.B.Thefriendshipimprovedasaresultoftheiradventures.C.O

nlyhalfofBetty’sgroupcaughtthetraintoAuckland.D.BettytouredNewZealandwithbackpackersshemetthere.3What’sthemainpurposeoft

hepassage?（主旨大意题）A.Togiveussomeadviceonbackpacking.B.TotellusaboutBetty’stravellingstory.C.Tointroduceahottravelstyle,backpa

cking.D.Toencourageustotravelwithlessmoney.通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文4557分钟__/3★★★★Travellingwithyourbelongsonyourba

ck,orbackpackingisself-plannedbudget(预算)touringusinglow-costtransport,andoftengoingonfoot.Backpackersdon’tcarrysuitcasesorstayinpriceyhotels.

Instead,theywalkaroundwithbackpacksfilledwitheverythingtheyneed,readytosleepunderthestarsifnecessary.Withtheirlim

itedbudget,theyneedtochooselodgings(住宿)andtransportbasedonanoldsaying—thelowertheprice,thebetter.Thelure(吸引力)ofadventurehasmadebackp

ackingapopulartravelstyleamongyoungpeopleandstudentswhoareseldomownersoffatwallets.Theypreferexploringapla

cebythemselves,withonlyaprintedmap,orasmartphoneonhand.“Apackagetourmaysuitafamily’sneeds,butit’snotmycupoftea,”says

BettyLam,whowentbackpackinginNewZealandwiththreefriendslastsummer.“Iwanttoexploreaplaceaccordingtomychoice,mytim

etableandmyself.”Werethereanyparticularlymemorableeventsonthetrip?“Once,thetraintoAucklandwasputoffandtwoofourgroupwerehungry,sotheylefttheirback

packswithusandwenttoanearbyshoptobuysomethingtoeat.IstillrememberthescenewithTammyandmerunningflatouttoca

tchthetrain,carryingfourhugebackpacks.Theothertwowereracingbehindusasthey’dpanickedwhentheysawthetraingett

ingreadytopullawayfromthestation.IheldthetraindooropenwhileTammywasshouting.“Quick—jumpin!”SusiecameinheadfirstwithJunelan

dingonthetopofherlikeasackofpotatoes!Itwassofunny!”Sowasthetripworthalltheeffort?“Definitely.True,wehadafewquarrels(争吵);wehavedifferentinter

ests,anditwasn’teasytopleaseeverybody.Butwemanagedtoreachacompromise(妥协)everytime.Travellingwithfriend

shelpsyoulearnaboutgettingonwithpeopleandworkingtogether.Allofushadgainedalotbytheendoftheholiday—thefourofushadbecomereallygoodb

uddies.”Whatshouldbackpackersalwayscarrywiththem?Bettylaughs—“nottoomuch!Comfortablewalkingshoesareimportant.Araincoatisnecess

aryandbringsomepracticalclothes.”So,isthateverythingtobearinmind?“Well,yesandno,becauseyoucan’tprepareenough.Youne

edmuchinformationaboutwhereyou’regoingtostay,transport,food,etc.Mostimportantly,youmusthaveinsurance(保险)—justincaseyourmone

y,passportorbackpackgetstolen,oryougetsick.Taketimeplanningandyou’llhavefunsafely.”逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要介绍了背包旅行这种旅行方式，它的优点及注意事项。1.Whatdobac

kpackersusuallydo?A.Stayinpriceyhotels.B.Facealotofdangers.C.Spendmuchmoney.D.Choosecheaptransport.解析：D细节理解题。题干意为“背包旅行者通常做什么？”，

A意为“住在价格昂贵的旅馆里”，根据第一段关键句Backpackersdon’tcarrysuitcasesorstayinpriceyhotels.可知他们不住在价格昂贵的旅馆里，故错误；B意为“面对着很多危险”，本项文章没有提到，故错误；C意为“花费很多钱”，

根据第一段关键句Withtheirlimitedbudget,theyneedtochooselodgings(住宿)andtransportbasedonanoldsaying—thelowertheprice,thebetter.可知他们的预算有限，所以此项错误；D意为“选择便宜的交通方

式”，同样是根据第一段最后一句thelowertheprice,thebetter可以判定此项正确，故选D。2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBettyistrue?A.Bettypreferredtravellingwithherfamilyonholid

ays.B.Thefriendshipimprovedasaresultoftheiradventures.C.OnlyhalfofBetty’sgroupcaughtthetraintoAuckland.D.BettytouredNewZealandwithbackpackersshemet

there.解析：B细节理解题。A意为“Betty更喜欢在假期和家人一起旅行”，根据第三段关键句Apackagetourmaysuitafamily’sneeds,butit’snotmycupoftea“跟团游适合家庭的需要，但那并不是我的菜。”，故本项错误；B意为“他们冒险的成果是友情加

深了。”，根据第五段关键句thefourofushadbecomereallygoodbuddies.“我们四个成为了真正的好朋友”，所以此项正确；C意为“Betty一群人中只有一半赶上了去Auckland的火车”，综合浏览第四段及关键句Susiecameinheadfirstwi

thJunelandingonthetopofherlikeasackofpotatoes!可知它们四个人都上车了，所以此项错误；D项意为“Betty和她在新西兰当地见到的背包客一起旅行”，根据第三段关键句BettyLam,whowentbackpacking

inNewZealandwiththreefriendslastsummer.可知她是和朋友一起旅行，故此项错误。3.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Togiveussomeadviceonbackpacking.B.To

tellusaboutBetty’stravellingstory.C.Tointroduceahottravelstyle,backpacking.D.Toencourageustotravelwithlessmone

y.解析：C主旨判断题。本题询问的是文章的写作目的是什么？A意为“给我们一些背包旅行的建议”；B意为“告诉我们关于Betty的旅行故事”；C意为“介绍一种流行的旅行方式，背包旅行”；D意为“鼓励我们带更少的钱去旅行”，本题问得写作目的，A项和B项只是文章内容的一部分，而阐

述这些的目的正是介绍这种新的旅行方式，D项与文意不符，故选C精讲笔记语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1、2推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题3基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义ins

teadadv.adj.有限的adventuren.explorev.v.适合，使„适应accordingtoputoffadj.附近的能力提升pullawayadj.有趣的，好笑的definitelyadv.v.使高兴，使满意practicaladj.incase

adj.生病的二、句子英汉互译★★1.我从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。_______________________________________________.2.你读越多的书，就会得到越多的知识。_______

_______________________________________.3.Instead,theywalkaroundwithbackpacksfilledwitheverythingtheyneed,re

adytosleepunderthestarsifnecessary.______________________________________________.4.Withtheirlimitedb

udget,theyneedtochooselodgings(住宿)andtransportbasedonanoldsaying—thelowertheprice,thebetter._____________________

_________________________.5.Travellingwithfriendshelpsyoulearnaboutgettingonwithpeopleandworkingtogether._

_____________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类议论文4267分钟__/4★★★★KamalMeattle,i

nNewDelhi,India,grows400plantsinhisofficebuilding’sgreenhousetohelpcleanitsindoorair.OntheroofofanofficebuildinginIndia’scapital,theworld’ssm

oggiestcity,KamalMeattlehasaspecialwayofcleaningtheair:agreenhousewith400commonplants.Meattlehas800otherplantsspreadthroughouti

tslowersixfloors,greeningeachroomandhallway.Theirjob:removeharmfulthingsfromtheoutdoorair.Meattleusesrainwatertowaterthetreessothattheycangro

wfasterandtakeinmorepollutants.He’saskingIndia’snewgovernmenttorequirerainwaterfarmingandtopaintroofs,andb

uses,white.Andhe’spushingtobuildoneoftheworld’slargestparks,completewithgreenhouses.AsMeattletellsit,hereallyhadnochoiceb

uttotrysomethingnew.“MydoctorstoldmetoleaveIndiain1992,”hesays,mentioninghisbreathingproblembecauseofthecity’sairpollut

ion.Hedecidedtostay,tryinginsteadtosolveasociety-wideproblemthat’sbecomeincreasinglyserious.“Delhi’sunfitforlivingbetweenOctoberandMarch,”Meattl

esays,notinghowoftenitsairpollutionbecomes“veryunhealthy”oreven“dangerous”.Infact,NewDelhi’ssmogisnownearlythreetimesworsethanBeijin

g’s.TheWHOfoundthatthecityhadtheworld’sdirtiestair,andthecitiesfromsecondtofourtharealsoinIndia.India’sindoorairpollutionisev

enworse.TheWHOsaysit’sIndia’ssecondbiggestkiller,afterhighbloodpressure,andresultsin1.3milliondeathseveryyear.Butcanplantsreallyclea

ntheair?NASApublishedseveralstudiesinthe1980sshowingindoorplantscouldcleantheair.Itlatertestedthevalueofth

eplantstobothcleanairandrecyclewasteinbuildingknownastheBioHome.Otherstudieshavealsosuggestedthatplantscouldhelpcleanindoorair.Wolverton,aNASAre

searcher,hasbeenworkinginJapan,whereplantshavebeenusedtomake50to60“ecologicalgardens(生态花园)”inhospitals.H

esaysthere’sgrowinginterestinSouthKoreaandChina.Noteveryonebelievesthat.“Icertainlywouldnotcountonplantsto

cleanindoorair„”Togetthemtowork,you’dneedtoomanyplants,”saysJohnGirman.Hesaysa1,500-square-foothousewouldneed680plantsand

theresultwouldbe“anindoorforest”.“Wehaveanairtreatmentplant,”Meattlesaysofhisidea.Theresult,headds,isfewerworkersickdays,greatproductivity,

andairascleanasthatinDavos,Switzerland.1.WhatdidMeattledoafterthedoctorsadvisedhimtoleaveIndia?（细节理解题）A.HewentabroadbetweenOctoberan

dMarch.B.Heraisedmoneyforgrowingpantsinhisoffice.C.Hetriedtosolvetheindoorairpollutionproblem.D.Hecalledonpeople

tocareabouttheenvironmentproblem.2.Accordingtothepassage,theBioHomemightbe.（细节理解题）A.aplacetotesttheplants’roleincleani

ngtheindoorairB.aplacetodoexperimentsonthesizeofindoorforestC.aprojectabouthowplantscangrowwellD.aprojectaboutwhatplantsarefitforoffices3.Fromthe

passageweknowMeattleis.（推理判断题）A.honestandcaringB.emotionalandwiseC.experiencedandbraveD.creativeandresponsible4.Thepassageismainlyabo

ut.（主旨大意题）A.anewpracticeofcleaningindoorairB.plantstoreduceindoorairpollutionC.theseriousairpollutionproblemD.Meattle’sfightagainstp

ollutedindoorair参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义insteadadv.代替，反而，相反limitedadj.有限的adventuren.冒险explorev.探索，探险suitv.适合，使„适应accordingto根据，按照putoff推迟

nearbyadj.附近的pullaway（火车等）开始行驶funnyadj.有趣的，好笑的definitelyadv.当然，肯定的pleasev.使高兴，使满意practicaladj.实际的，实用的incase以防，万

一sickadj.生病的二、句子英汉互译。1.IborrowedabookwrittenbyMarkTwainformthelibrary.2.Themorebooksyouread,themoreknowledgeyouwillge

t.3.相反，他们背着装着他们所需要的必需品的双肩背包四处走走，如果有必要的话准备好了在户外睡觉。4.考虑到他们有限的预算，他们需要根据一个原则来选择住宿和交通——价格越低，越好。5.和朋友一起旅行能够帮助你学习与人相处和团队合作。阅读练习1.C2.A3.D

4.A