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专题25书面表达之概要写作PPPaaarrrttt111题题题型型型总总总览览览【题型综述】概要写作是一种“阅读+写作”的复合型任务,测试学生的阅读理解、概括归纳和书面表达方面的综合能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，一般以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词

左右的内容概要（注意：少于40或多于80词扣两分），而新写的语篇，既要做到在结构、衔接和连贯性等方面与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。【答题策略】1.读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后

，明确原文的篇章结构。根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。注意一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。2.去次留精，提炼关键信息·明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。·先找出主题句，同时标

注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。3.归纳要点合理表达明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要

点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。4.句式多样注意过渡在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的

连贯性。PPPaaarrrttt222真真真题题题感感感悟悟悟Passage1序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述答题策略Part2真题感悟品读范文提分词汇亮点句型Part3专题强化真题自测自测模拟【真题详解】【2019·浙江卷】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It’sar

eallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillg

iveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentan

d,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareappl

yingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoal

ltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,al

otofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapos

sibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebe

tweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheif

youruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyar

emakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,a

ndcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairatcollegeweeklive.com.Whilevisi

tinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumake

aninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend._________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________【答案】It’sreallyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapply

ing.Undoubtedly,studentsshouldvisittheirlocalcolleges,whichmaybeincludedinapplications.Atleast,theyshouldvisi

ttheschoolandfigureoutitsrealconditionsinadvance.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime,registeringfortheonlinecollege

fairisagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.【分析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及

总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。【详解】1.要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。2.抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头I

t'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply点明了本文主题；Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfourye

arsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If

campusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisitt

heschoolsyou’dliketoattend.在时间上提供了更多选择；iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生

提供了另外一种方法。3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适

当调整。【点睛】范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句whichmaybeincludedinapplications.和whoareshortofmoneyandtime.动名词reg

isteringonline作主语，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。【提分词汇】1.undoubtedlyadv.确实地，毋庸置疑地2.applicationsn.申请3.figureout算出【亮点句型】1.It’sreal

lyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.在申请之前亲自参观一下自己心仪的大学是非常值得的。2.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime,

registeringfortheonlinecollegefairisagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.对于那些缺乏资金和时间的学生来说，报名参加网上高校招聘会是一个很好

的选择，可以帮助他们更好地了解学校。Passage2【真题详解】【2019·上海卷】Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60wo

rds.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Wherearethebees?Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalsopoll

inatelargeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.

Unfortunately,beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.In2006,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCo

llapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006,somebeekeepersrepor

tedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemost

convincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays,beekeepergetmostoftheirincomenotfrompro

ducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsasthes

easonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks,whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehi

vetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition,beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposed

towhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead,theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn,usuallypollutedwithpesticides.Theexactreasonforthedis

appearanceofbeesisnotsure,butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionay

ear.Withnobees,pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand,whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbigenviro

nmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelessofthattinyflyinginsect._______________________________________________

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_______【答案】Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney,butalsohelppollinatecrops.However,theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforunknowreason,w

hichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.【分析】本文属于环保文章，

介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失，这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关，但是没人知道确切原因。要求考生阅读完总结论点，不能超过60个词。【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度

消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。第二步，可以择出重要的信息，蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，可能造成此现象的原因，以及影响。第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。

【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为蜜蜂的消失，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很

重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型

和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。【提分词汇】1.provide...with....给...提供…【亮点句型】1.However,theyaredisappearingatanalarmingratefo

runknownreason,whichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.然而，由于未知的原因，它们正在以惊人的速度消失，这对美国和经济将是灾难性的。2.Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileotherst

hinkitisduetotransport.一些人认为是杀虫剂，而另一些人认为是由于运输。PPPaaarrrttt333专专专题题题强强强化化化Passage1【真题自测】【2020·上海卷】Directions:Readth

efollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.It'sundeniable:Beinga

mongthefirsttotryoutanewpieceoftechnologyiscool.There'stheexcitementofdoingwhathasneverbeendonebefore-thefeelingthatyou'relivinginthefuture.Andw

henyou'rethesolememberofyoursocialcirclewiththelatesthotgadget,peoplestareinfascination.Theyaskyouquestions.

Theyseeyouastheholderofpowerful,secretknowledge-foralittlewhile,untilthenextbigthingcomesalong.Peopletendtounde

restimatethecostsofthistemporarycoolness,whichtheypayinmorewaysthanone.Don'tfallintotheearlyadoptertrap.Don'tjointhefirstwaveofconsumerswhoinvestin

thelatestmedia-hypedhardware;instead,waitandsee.Toputitfrankly,earlyadoptionisabadinvestment.First,theearliestversionsofdevices

arenotonlyexpensive,theyarealsothemostexpensivethatthosedeviceswilleverbe.Companiesarepresumablyattemptingtorecoverthecostofproductionasfastastheyca

n,andtheyknowthatthereareserioustech-loverswhowillpayagreatdealtobefirst.Oncetherevenuesfromearlyadopter

s'purchasesaresafelyintheirhands,theycancutthepriceandshifttothenextmarketingphase:sellingtheproducttoeveryoneelse.ThisiswhythecostoftheoriginaliPh

onedroppedaboutU.S.$200onlyeightmonthsafteritsrelease.Plus,electronicshardlyeverbecomemoreexpensivebecauseintensecompetitio

nintheindustryputsdownwardpressureonpricesovertime.Pricesofgadgetswillfallshortlyafterrelease,andtheywilllikelykeepfalling.Manyne

wTVmodelsdropsignificantlyinpriceaslittleastendaysafterhittingthemarket.Further,electronicsrapidlydepreciatebecausetheybecomeobsolete(废弃

的)soquickly.Thismeansthatearlyadopterspaythemaximumpriceforanitemthatdoesnotholdontoitsvalue.Theresaleprice

ofacellphoneorlaptopcandropbyfiftypercentwithinjustafewmonths.Speakingofbecomingobsolete,thosewhoarefirsttoleapintoan

ewtechnologyrisk(三野志)wastingmoneyandtimeonsomethingthatwillnevercatchon.Anothergoodreasontoresisttheearly-adop

tiontemptationisthatthefirstversionofaproducttypicallyhasdefectsthatcostalotintimeandfrustration.Suchproblemsaresocommonwithnewtech

nologythatearlyadoptersarebasicallyunpaidbetatestersandtroubleshooters.Unlessthissoundstoyoulikeafunwaytospend

yourtime,don'tbeamongthefirstusers.Ifyouwaittolearnwhattheproblemsarewithanewelectronicgadget,youcanlookfo

rwardtoasmootherexperience—orchoosealesstroublesomeproduct.______________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Don'tbethefirstu

sersofthelatestelectronicequipment.Firstly,theearliestversionsofdevicesarethemostexpensive.Secondly,theelectronicswillbeoutofdaterapidl

y.Thirdly,thefirstversionsofaproductarewithsomedefectsgenerally.Therefore,don'tbethefirsttotryoutthelatestelectronicproducts

.【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了虽然成为购买最新的电子产品的第一批人是很酷的，但是考虑到价格昂贵、产品易过时且新品通常有缺陷等因素，购买最新的电子产品是一项糟糕的投资。【详解】1.要点摘录①Don'tjointhefirstwaveofconsumerswhoinves

tinthelatestmedia-hypedhardware;instead,waitandsee.②First,theearliestversionsofdevicesarenotonlyexpensive,theyarealsothemostexpensivethatth

osedeviceswilleverbe.③Speakingofbecomingobsolete,thosewhoarefirsttoleapintoanewtechnologyriskwastingmoneyandtimeonsomethingthatwillnevercatchon.④An

othergoodreasontoresisttheearly-adoptiontemptationisthatthefirstversionofaproducttypicallyhasdefects

thatcostalotintimeandfrustration.⑤Unlessthissoundstoyoulikeafunwaytospendyourtime,don'tbeamongthefirstusers.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、

5三个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Don'tbethefirstusersofthenewelectronicequipment．Thereasonsareasfollowing:Firstly,theearliest

versionsofdevicesarenotonlyexpensive,butalsothemostexpensivethatthosedeviceswilleverbe.Secondly,electronicswillbeoutofdaterapidly.Thirdly,thef

irstversionsofaproductarewithsomedefectsgenerally.Therefore,don'tbethefirsttotryoutthenewproducts.【点睛】[高分句型1]Secondly，electronicswillbeoutofdate

rapidly．句子里，固定短语outofdate表示“过时”，表达比较高级。[高分句型2]Therefore,don'tbethefirsttotryoutthelatestelectronicproducts.运用了不定式作后置定语。Passage2【真题自测】【

2019·浙江】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyan

dConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkt

hey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengive

ninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwhereth

eirparents’praisehasputthem.Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuc

h.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiracco

mplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseiss

incereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshould

especiallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWor

ryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballpla

yeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorl

oses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwh

ateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.__________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________【答案】Parentstendtogotoext

remeswhenitcomestopraisingtheirkids.(要点一)Yet,bothtoomuchandtoolittlepraisecanbeequallydamaging.(要点二)W

hengivingpraise,parentsshouldbesincereandconcentrateontheprocessinsteadoftheresult.(要点三)Similarly,theyoughttogivepraiseforhowmuchefforttheirkidshav

einvestedintheworkthey’reinvolvedin.(要点四)【分析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供

一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。【详解】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，1.读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。2.组织语言，

转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。3.通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用

恰当的关联词去连贯全文。Passage3【模拟自测】（2021·上海静安区·高三一模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandt

hemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SurveysindicatethatathirdofBritonsregularlyeatontheirown.OpenTable,anonl

inerestaurantbookingapp,foundthatsolodininginNewYorkincreasedby80%duringthepast5years.AndinJapan,theworldcapitalofso

lodining,atrendfor"lowinteractiondining11hastakenoff.Restaurantsareopeningwhichfacilitatetheultimatesolodiningexperience:p

assingbowlsofnoodlesthroughblackcurtainsintoindividualbooths.Isthisaworryingtrend?Wethinkso.Researchisrevealingthenegativeimpactsofeatinga

lone,whichhasbeenfoundtobelinkedtoavarietyofmentalandphysicalhealthconditions,fromdepressionanddiabetestoh

ighbloodpressure.Soit'scheeringthathundredsoffoodsharinginitiativeshavesprunguparoundtheworld.There'sLondon'sCasseroleClub,fore

xample,whosevolunteersshareportionsofhome-cookedfoodwithpeopleintheirareawhoaren'talwaysabletocookforthemselves,inwhichcasetheyputanendtofoo

dwaste.OrthereisSouthAfrica'sFoodJams,socialgatheringsinwhichparticipantsarepairedup,preferablywithstrangers,andgivenaportionofthemealto

prepare.Manyparticipantsinterviewedmentionedthattheirlonelinesswasgreatlyrelieved.Suchinitiativesofferlessonsofallkindstothosethinkingabouthowou

rfoodsystemsneedtochange.Theyalsosomewhatcompensatefortheundesirableoutcomessoleeatingbrings.Sowhydopeoplestopeatingtogether?Thereareava

rietyofreasons.AuthorssuchasMichaelPollanarguethatitisduetothefactthatpeopleattachlessvaluetohome-basedlabor,includingcooking.Thewideningoftheworkf

orce,whichbroughtmanywomenoutofthekitchenandintotheworkplaceduringthe20thcentury,alsocontributed.Meanwhile,t

hegrowthininsecureandinconsistentworkingpatternsamongagrowingproportionofthepopulationalsodiscouragesmealseatencommunally.【答案】Thetrendofsoledi

ningiscatchingoninmajorcountries.However,itdoesharmphysicallyandmentally.Fortunatelyfood-sharingprogramsmakeupforitsbadeffect

sbyavoidingfoodwasteandcombatingloneliness.Eatingtogetherhasdeclinedbecauseofpeople’sundervaluingofc

ookingathome,morewomen’sentryintotheworkforceandweakeningworkrelationships.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。单人用餐的趋势正在主要国家流行起来。然而，它确实会伤害身体和精神。幸运的是，食物共享计划通过避免食物浪费和

对抗孤独来弥补它的不良影响。由于人们低估了在家做饭的价值，更多的女性进入职场，以及工作关系的弱化，在一起吃饭的人数有所下降。【详解】1要点摘录①.SurveysindicatethatathirdofBritonsregularlyeatontheirown.Open

Table,anonlinerestaurantbookingapp,foundthatsolodininginNewYorkincreasedby80%duringthepast5years.②.Researchisrevealingthenegativeimpactsofeatingalone

,whichhasbeenfoundtobelinkedtoavarietyofmentalandphysicalhealthconditions,fromdepressionanddiabetestohighblood

pressure.③.There'sLondon'sCasseroleClub,forexample,whosevolunteersshareportionsofhome-cookedfoodwithpeople

intheirareawhoaren'talwaysabletocookforthemselves,inwhichcasetheyputanendtofoodwaste.④.Thewideningoftheworkforce,whichbroughtmanywomenoutofthekitc

henandintotheworkplaceduringthe20thcentury,alsocontributed.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Thetrendofsolediningiscatchingoninmajorcountries.H

owever,itdoesharmphysicallyandmentally.Fortunatelyfood-sharingprogramsmakeupforitsbadeffectsbyavoidingfoodwasteandcombatingloneliness.Beca

useofpeople’sundervaluingofcookingathome,morewomen’sentryintotheworkforceandweakeningworkrelationships,theyoftenchoosetoe

atalone.【点睛】[高分句型1]However,itdoesharmphysicallyandmentally.(使用however对前文内容表达转折，physically和mentally副词作状语修饰动作doesharm。)[高分句型2]Fortunatelyfo

od-sharingprogramsmakeupforitsbadeffectsbyavoidingfoodwasteandcombatingloneliness.(运用介词by+doing作方式状语，表达比较高级。)[

高分句型3]Eatingtogetherhasdeclinedbecauseofpeople’sundervaluingofcookingathome,morewomen’sentryintotheworkforceandweakeningworkrelationships.(使用动

名词eating作主语，becauseof后接名词短语和动名词作并列宾语，充分使用了非谓语动词里的高级表达。)Passage4【模拟自测】（2020·浙江宁波市·高三月考）概要写作Anallergy,alsoknownasanallergicd

isease,isanimmunesystemreactiontonormallyharmlessthings,suchasdust，plants,animalsorcertainfoods.Symptomsvarydependingontheallergy.Commoncoldsy

mptomssuchaslowfever,sneezing,andasorethroatmayallindicateallergies.Whatcausesanallergicreactionisaquestionst

illpuzzlingscientists.Typesofallergieshavegreatlyincreasesincethemid-20thcentury，leadingsomeexpertstosuggesttheincreasedenvironmentalpollution

isheldresponsible.Someexpertssuggestthatallergiesarerelatedwithgeneswithtwinsbeingparticularlylikelytosharethesamep

roblems.Often，anallergicreactionwilldevelopinchildhoodsbutsincemanyreactionsarelikelytoworsenwithrepeatedexposure,symptomscanstarttoappearatan

yage.However，somepeoplemayovercomechildhoodallergieswithagegrowing.Testingforanallergycanbeatrickyproce

ss，particularlyifanallergicreactioncouldthreatenthevictim'slife.Doctorsoftenuseaskintestmethodforavar

ietyofpossibleallergicreactions.Inskintesting,atinyamountofanallergen(过敏原)isshotintoamarkedplaceofskintoseeiftheski

nreactsnegatively.Ifseriousreactionsareaconcern,doctorscanalsouseabloodtest，althoughthistakesmoretimeandmaybelessaccuratethanskintesting.Tr

eatmentmaydependonthetypeandseveredegreeofthepatientallergicresponse.Insomemildcases，suchassneezingcausedbyanimalexposure，patie

ntsaretoldtoavoidexposurewhenpossible.Avoidingthefoodisalsokeywithmanyfoodallergies,particularlythosethatcancausesevereresponses.Whenavoidingisimposs

ible,somedoctorsmayrecommendshots.Thisintendstobuilduptoleranceintheimmunesystembyexposingthepatienttoincreasingsmallamountsofth

eallergenovertime.【答案】Anallergyisareactionperformedbytheimmunesystemtocommonthingswithvarioussymptoms.Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpo

llutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.Besides，mostallergieswilldevelopwithrepeatedexposure,butsomemaybeovercome.Totestforan

allergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.Moreover，incaseoftheactualconditions，withavoidingexposur

ebeingmostimportant,differenttreatmentsareusedaccordingly.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍过敏。过敏可能表现出各种症状。过敏的测试过程是很困难的，只有避免接触过敏原才能避免过敏。【详解】1要点摘录①Anallergy,alsok

nownasanallergicdisease,isanimmunesystemreactiontonormallyharmlessthings.②Whatcausesanallergicreactionisaquestionstillpuzzlingscientists.③Someexpe

rtssuggesttheincreasedenvironmentalpollutionisheldresponsible.④Someexpertssuggestthatallergiesarerelatedwithgeneswithtwinsbeingpartic

ularlylikelytosharethesameproblems.⑤Testingforanallergycanbeatrickyprocess.⑥Doctorsoftenuseaskintestmethodforavarietyofpossiblealle

rgicreactions.Ifseriousreactionsareaconcern,doctorscanalsouseabloodtest.⑦Treatmentmaydependonthetypeandseveredegreeofthepatientallergicresp

onse.2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行简写；第2、3、4三个要点进行重组；将第5、6两个要点进行整合；将第7个要点进行重写。3.遣词造句Anallergyisareactionperformedbytheimmunesystemtocommonthingswithvarioussy

mptoms.Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.Totestforanal

lergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodtestisalsoappliedifnecessary.Incaseoftheactualconditions，withavoidingexposurebeingmostimportantd

ifferenttreatmentsareusedaccordingly.【点睛】[高分句型1]Asissuggested,itisconnectedwithenvironmentalpollutionorgenes,whileitsrealcausesarestillunclear.运用

了as引导的非限制性定语从句，把要点3、4进行了重组，while表示对比，对第二个要点进行了阐述。[高分句型2]Totestforanallergy,askintestisoftenavailable,andabloodte

stisalsoappliedifnecessary.运用了不定式做目的状语，引出第5个要点，同时其后使用了and的并列句，对第6个要点进行了压缩。