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考点18阅读之说明文（解析版）【命题趋势】说明文在高考中一直处于主导地位，其特点：词汇量和长难句比其他体裁的文章多，学生只要账务相关词汇，熟悉句式句型，基本上不会有问题。以下是近两年真题和模拟试题，学生可

以集中练习。1.【2021年6月浙江卷】Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.D

ogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudyResearcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistingu

ishbetweenimages（图像）ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshowno

nlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfaciale

xpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopic

ktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywha

ttheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogesimplydistinguishbetweenthepictu

resbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealize

dthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.‖"Withourstudy,wethinkwecanno

wconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLineScience.Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemto

beequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearsto

bethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehaspr

ovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.28.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseo

fhumanfacesC.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.B.Di

versemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.C.PicturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferentD.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethelest.30.Wha

tisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.Amajorlimit

ationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.答案与解析：28.B主旨大意题。根据短文首段的第二句“Dogsmayinxdeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,a

ccordingtoanewstudy”可知，一项新的研究表明,狗可能真地可以辨别人的表情是高兴还是愤怒，紧接着后文又详细介绍了研究过程和结论，即狗能够识别人的表情，且倒数第二段的“Withourstu

dy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfaciallexpressions”一句明确给出了结

论。故选B项。29.C细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theresearchersthentestedthedogs"abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemt

heotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining”可知，研究者给狗展示了与以往训练完全不同的人脸(或图片)的另一部分。故选C项。30.B主旨大

意题。根据最后一段中的“...whydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhurmans”可知最后一段解释了为什么看起来狗具备识别人类表情的能力，也就是为什么会有这样的实验研究结论。故

选B项。2.【2021年全国甲卷】PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).Whenthetinycrea

turearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinos

areknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:―Obviouslywe

'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio

,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthe

littleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.‖Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooe

arlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnea

rrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivether

e.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa―criticallyendangered‖status.4.Whichof

thefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly.B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.D.Successful.5.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelo

vesstayingwithhermother.B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.SheisingoodconditionD.Sheissensitivetoheat.6.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimah

ave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.D.Theywerebroughttothe

reserveyoung7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaim

stocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwilda

reas.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。【4题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段―shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve(她

成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)‖以及文章倒数第二段―Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.(他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里

)‖可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第二段―She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.(她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)‖可知，PaulBeer认为

新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第一段―WhenthetinvcreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserv

e.(1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)‖以及文章倒数第二段―ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirs

t-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.(1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在PortLympne，体重约为32公斤)‖可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通过文章倒数

第二段―itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好

的候选者还为时过早)‖可推知，PonLympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。3.【2021年全国乙卷】TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincet

hedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinu

estoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sC

ircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandcomforta

bleseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingto

watchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichran

ksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Alltheses

tadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,PyongyangD.P.

R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May1,1989.·MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.·Be

averStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,

U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:Septem

ber24,1927.21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944.B.107,601.C.About150,000.D.About250,000.22.Ofthefoll

owingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.23.Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?A.Theyhostbi

ggames.B.Theyhavebecometouristattractions.C.TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.D.Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了世界上著名的大型竞技场的基本情况。目前这些竞技场仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句―However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththeci

ty’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.‖(然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫。)可知，CircusMaximus的可以容纳250,000人。故选D项。【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的―OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.OpenedOctober7,1922.‖(美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,9

44人。1922年10月7日开业。)及其他四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍可知，OhioStadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文中―Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional

,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.‖(所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事。故选A项。4

.【2021年全国乙卷】Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysy

ou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyev

eryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyonth

eirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecuri

tyblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustral

ianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluse

landlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’tthe

onlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttoha

veahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothe

pointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattach

edareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlyt

ellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―con

cede‖inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.They

enjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredabo

utthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。【2

4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段―Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infac

tplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.(现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都

有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)‖可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文―OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandlin

e(在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)‖可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文―it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaythey

neveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)‖可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须

拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词―concede‖意为―承认‖。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段―84percentofBabyBoomersw

ho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)‖以及文章第五段―Thatsaid,tobehonestthe

onlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents(也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)‖可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段―H

owattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)‖可

推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。5.【2021年全国乙卷】You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesente

roceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowt

hatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-us

eplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled―Strawpocalypse,‖apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenm

id-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaP

laceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeanst

hebiggestsource（来源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizean

dweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafe

wminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说

明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled―TruckloadofPlastic,‖VonWo

ngandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（倾倒）from

atruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.28.WhatareVonWong’sartwor

ksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Redu

cinggarbageonthebeach.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareusefu

l.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.30.Whateffectwould―TruckloadofPlastic‖haveonviewers?A.Calming.B.Distu

rbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemp

oraryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures【答案】28.C29.A30.C31.D【解析】【

分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品―TruckloadofPlastic‖说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进

入海洋。VonWong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段―Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthati

tdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个

塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（BenjaminVonWong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)‖可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性

塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段―Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstra

wsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirs

mallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethed

rinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重

量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)‖可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选

A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段―Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenter

stheocean.Forthiswork,titled―TruckloadofPlastic,‖VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethent

iedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(VonWong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为―一卡车塑料‖的作品，冯·王和一

组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)‖可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断

，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事―耳目一新‖。故选C项。【31题详解】标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段―Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwants

youtoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-usep

lasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(BenjaminVonWong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)‖和倒

数第二段―Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticen

terstheocean.Forthiswork,titled―TruckloadofPlastic,‖VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000pie

cesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(VonWong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60

秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为―一卡车塑料‖的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)‖可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(BenjaminVonWong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕

塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项―海洋塑料变成雕塑‖符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。6.【2021年全国乙卷】Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myint

erviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,―That’sw

hyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus‖.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,c

oworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvario

uslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposed

tovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegr

oupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundch

atterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdiff

erthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresigni

ficant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimpr

oveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoall

owourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof―distractedfocus‖appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowh

ydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofo

cus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceora

coffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.32.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A.Ithelpshimconcentr

ate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.33.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromo

tecreativethinkingability?A.Totalsilence.B.50decibelsC.70decibels.D.85decibels.34.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A.Personalprivac

yunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions.35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.He’sanew

sreporter.B.He’sanofficemanager.C.He’saprofessionaldesigner.D.He’sapublishedwriter.【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文

。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段―That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkings

paceacrossthestreet-soIcanfocus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）‖可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。

故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段―Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup

-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学

上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）‖和第三段―Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherigh

tlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence-mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究

还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）‖可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段―So

whydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdr

awnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversation

saffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfromint

erruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰

的自由。）‖可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段―Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillt

hinkaboutoften.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）‖可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。7.【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】Whenthe

explorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeA

mericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealarg

epartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetland

sweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageo

ftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowla

ndthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.Theveryf

irstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.―Ding‖Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointe

dbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresour

ces.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionin

totheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollars

hasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofth

emostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.

B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―decimate‖me

aninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934

?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.31.Whichof

thefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSav

ingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽

栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段―Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhouset

heever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.‖可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少

导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据前一句―NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.‖可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的

―Unfortunately‖可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是―破坏‖。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏

；D.Distribute分配。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段―Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.‖可知，

自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入

进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。8.【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningof

emotional(情感的)intellingence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest

,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand―peopleskills.‖Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmayco

ntributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspec

ificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoct

ortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.A

lthoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebenef

icialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinprom

otingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluateth

efunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopetha

tsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatinco

mingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligen

ce,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.Itcanbemeasure

dbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositive

qualities.33.Whydoestheauthormention―doctor‖and―cheater‖inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topre

sentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.

Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expect

ationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【分析】本文

是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。【32题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第一段―Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeof

thesequalities(研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)‖可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段―Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeused

byadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.(医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在

的受害者)‖可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到―医生‖和―骗子‖是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第三段―theoveralleffect

softhepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedbotht

hepublicandresearchers(宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)‖可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有

利的。故选A项。【35题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段―wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudy

ofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感

科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)‖可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。9.【2021年1月浙江卷】Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmer

icanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgro

wth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10m

ilesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40

percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,ma

nywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.T

heothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities(机会)forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andfor

parentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeet

witha―good‖,quicklyfollowedby―I’mhungry‖.Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson’sdayc

omesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssu

pportwalkingschool-busroutes(路线),withdaysofregular,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweek

isbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning—runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore

,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones—butit’scertainlyworthtrying.24.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins’predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A

.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.25.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchil

dren’sphysicalactivity?A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.26.Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?A.Sh

ecangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.C.Shecanhelpwithherson’sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.答案与解析24.B推理判断题根据第一段最后一句Buthewas

wronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.和第二段可知，作者通过这个美国人的预言，引出如今青少年缺乏锻炼导致过度肥胖这个主题。25.C事实细节题根据第三段Familiesarepressedfortime...li

vingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.可知，父母因生活压力忙于工作，缺乏时间，导致青少年锻炼不够。题干中的decrease和文中第三段的decline是同义转述，答案lackoft

ime和文中第三段的arepressedfortime是同义转述。26.D事实细节题根据倒数第二段Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson’sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipa

nditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.可知，作者在陪伴儿子散步时得知了他对友谊的理解等内心想法，让作者对儿子有了进一步的了解。10.【202

1年1月浙江卷】Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)usetocommunicate.Theysay

wildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha―vocabulary‖of66gestures.Thescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollo

wingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,whol

edtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shes

aid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.―That’swhat’ssoamazi

ngaboutchimpgestures,‖shesaid.―They’retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.‖Althoughpreviousresearchh

asshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal’scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemes

sages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichthe

ywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signalling:―Climbonme.‖Theyoungsterimmediatelyjump

sontoitsmother’sbackandtheytravelofftogether.―Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)o

uttherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat’snotuniquetohumans,‖saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevo

lutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevo

lutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere―alittledisappointing‖.―Thevaguenessofthegesturemeani

ngssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheir

gesturesandactions,‖shesaid.―Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunicat

ion.So,itseemsthegulfremains.‖27.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?A.Memorizingspecificwords.B.Understandingcomplexinformation.C

.Usingvoicestocommunicate.D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.28.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B.Itwasa

goodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedp

raise.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―gulf‖inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.30.Whichofthefo

llowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthroughB.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommu

nicationskillsC.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdomD.Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated答案与解析27.D事实细节题根据人名DrHobait

er定位到文章第二段，再根据Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.可知，DrHobaiter认为黑猩猩和人类的相似之

处是有目的地传递信息。28.B事实细节题根据人名DrShultz定位到文章第六段，再根据...saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,th

eresultswere―alittledisappointing‖.可知，DrShultz认为这项研究值得称赞，但研究成果有限。29.A词义猜测题根据Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon

-verbalcommunication.可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非语言方式传达的含义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此意为“差异”。30.D主旨大意题文章第一句即点明主旨，研究人员表明，他们已经破译出野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的

含义。11.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosomet

imesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakesthea

ctofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theol

derIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributest

othenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannua

lly.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoi

rof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolyt

heFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems

,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimagine

that,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopen

furtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.2

4.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B.It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.C.It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwi

thafriend.D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A.It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B.

It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C.It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedw

ord＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.Helovespoetry.B.He’sane

ditor.C.He’sveryambitious.D.Heteachesreading.【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本

书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句―Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadings

orichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)‖和第二段―Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedo

nourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)‖可

推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段―Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.‖及―a

nagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime‖可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却

更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中―whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)‖可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文

的语境可推知，―rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.‖意为―但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报‖，由此判断出划线词的意

思是―回报‖。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段―ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因

为诗歌)‖可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。12.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whil

emostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thelong

esttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthe

sport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeform

thatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescience

atSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,r

acewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnw

alking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdo

esnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimesthe

irbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwi

theachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonam

ongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwantto

becautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracer

tolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theya

requalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunnin

g?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneein

juries.30WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiri

nganexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptica

l.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。【

28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段―Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremaininconta

ctwiththegroundatalltimes.‖可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段―As

aresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.‖可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见

。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话―Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultac

oachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)‖可知，Dr.Norberg建议想

尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段―Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemo

stlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.‖可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作

者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。13.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeff

ects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeesweres

howntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofT

echnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Th

eseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂

We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemic

alengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthatt

heycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtorea

dby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthef

uture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatw

ouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lighti

ngaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）—suchasthedistancefrom

apowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.Glowingplantscouldreduc

ethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromv

ariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A.Todetectplants’lackofwater.B.Toch

angecompositionsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.34.Whatcanweexpecto

ftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Th

eycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglo

wingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-fre

e?【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段

中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employe

eswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿

化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Theseinclud

eplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchem

icalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。【34题详解】细

节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。【35题详

解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersour

ce-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glow

ingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可

以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

由此可知，C选项―发光的植物能取代路灯吗？‖最符合文章标题。故选C。14.【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhe

lptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildre

ntheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpre

dictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levine

said.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbe

tween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.―Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpu

zzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,‖Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswe

reaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomepare

ntstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetters

patialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiv

eduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildi

ngconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconside

rationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age.B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education.D.Child-parentre

lationship.26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessdurin

gthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmet

hod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中

…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Develop

ingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition

aftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在控

制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说

法，故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大

的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过

程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。15.【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfo

rtheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装）enthusiastsare

tryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave（showcased）nutriafurmadeintocloth

esindifferentstyles.―Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear‖,saysCre

eMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters

$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromAr

gentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.―Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物种）.It’sdestroyi

ngtheenvironment.It’sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedi

nthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeople

thatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromo

tefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，―Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeo

nethrowingpaintonthem—1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.‖DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhileto

comearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstos

howitiseco-friendly.28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashion

market.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriou

sly.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunde

rlinedword―collapsed‖inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.31.

WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal.B.It’srisky.C.It’sharmful.D.It’straditional.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美

国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrookly

nhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.―Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaare

destroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,‖saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装

秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：―除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情‖，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故

选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可

以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate198

0s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于

控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,―

Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasti

nNewYork.‖得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。16.【2020年全国卷Ⅲ】Wearetheproductsofevolut

ion,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyaref

indingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle

-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublished

inCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinS

outheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,Malaysiaandt

hePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoasta

lwaters.―Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowin

guponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayund

erwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.―Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."In201,Melissa

Ilardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevoluti

onofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.―Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.S

healsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmental

adaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.33.WheredotheBaja

ubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedat

theBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.35.Whatcanbe

asuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGenet

icResearchD.TheWorld’sBestDivers【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化

成更能适应海洋生活。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperinto

ourgenes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科

学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B.Newknowledgeofhuma

nevolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,Malaysiaandth

ePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstiltsincoastal

waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D.Offthecoast.(沿海)符

合以上说法，故选D项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可

知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.(他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤

其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四

，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.Bo

diesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。17.【2020年新高考卷Ⅰ】AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,botht

hesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsays

youshouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）,it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffe

ctofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedin

toalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhire

dbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasesshewor

easpeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Th

eparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonec

asethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresi

milartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenviron

mentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe

―I’llhavewhatshe'shaving‖effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbac

kabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?12.Whatistherecentst

udymainlyabout?（）A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?（）A

.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.14.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?（）A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.15.Onwhatbasisdo

we"adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?（）A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutth

efood.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的―Accordingtoarecentstudyint

heJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodin

take‖可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据前半句―Andcontrarytoexisti

ngresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）‖可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该

避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpe

ople正好相反。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的―Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments‖可知，为了

测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如

何影响参与者。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的―Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butif

athinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?‖可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。

但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。18.【2020年7月浙江卷】Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonf

oreditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindth

eonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright（剧作家）hop

estogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthece

ntralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoft

heplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionald

rama.Toshowtheversatility（多面性）oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,P

aulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallrece

ivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothetheater.Moreinformationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.Togetthemostoutofreadingthesepl

ays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim（变暗）.Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andina

fewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory.21.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays.B.Hehasadeepl

oveforthetheater.C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor.D.Helikesreadingshortplaystoothers.22.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?A.Sta

tingtheplays’centralideas.B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.C.Includingvarioustypesofplays.D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.23.

Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowhilereadingtheplays?A.Controltheirfeelings.B.Applytheiractingskills.C.Usetheirimagin

ation.D.Keeptheiraudienceinmind.24.Whatisthistext?A.Ashortstory.B.Anintroductiontoabook.C.Aplayreview.D.Anadvertisementforatheater.【语篇

导航】【答案详解】21.B细节理解题【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsh

aringmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.‖可知，作者不仅是一个戏剧的读者，还是一个戏剧爱好者，他写这本书的目的就是更广大读者分享自己对戏剧的热爱。文中并未提及作者是剧作家或者是演员或者是作者喜欢跟大家读剧本这件事，A、C、D项排除；故选B。

22.A细节理解题【解题思路】根据第二段第三句―Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,fort

hatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplay

wright.‖可知，作者并未打算将每本剧本的中心思想罗列在书中。故选A。23.C细节理解题【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句―Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,theread

er,intheaudience.‖可知，作者给读者在阅读这本书时提出的建议就是尝试身临其境，在脑海中想象一下戏剧正在上演的场景。故选C。24.B推理判断题【解题思路】本文第一段讲述了作者的写作目的，第二段讲述了做这些这本书的手法、方法，第三段讲

述了作者这部作品的内容，最后一段作者给读者提出了读书时的建议，因此本文在介绍一本书。故选B。19.【2020年7月浙江卷】ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,

Washington,generallydon’tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9：30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemi

ghtbe140seconds.By9：33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9：37amcouldpush

itdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcity,justeastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainin

gpopularityaroundtheUS：intersection（十字路口）signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosigni

ficantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.―Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingadd

ressed,‖saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.Ke

vinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,

othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.―It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignal

shavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,‖hesays.InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessonintheval

ueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTranspo

rtationDepartment’strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjus

tmakingthembigger.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―that‖inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexib

letimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.26.WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.B.Theyshouldbeuse

dinothercities.C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.27.Whatcanw

elearnfromBellevue’ssuccess?A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C.Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.

D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.【答案详解】25.C推理判断题【解题思路】根据第二段第一句，即划线词所在句“Thatisbydesign‖可知，that指代的事情是有意设计的，

因此定位到第一段“Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.”即信号灯变化的时间是可以灵活改变的，精心设计的。故选C。26.D细节理解题【解题思路】根据第四段第二、三句―KevinBalke,aresearchengineerat

theTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpr

eductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.―It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesom

ebenefitsforsmallercities,‖hesays.‖可知，智能信号灯只在部分城市（小型城市）解决交通堵塞问题中有效果，对于交通堵塞情况严重的城市没什么作用。故选D。27.A推理判断题【解题思路】最后一段―InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignal

shasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.‖可知，能学到的经验教训就是积极采纳（welcome）新的方法解决问题是很有价值的。故选A。20.【2020年7月浙江卷】Challengingworkthatrequi

reslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejourn

alNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andass

essedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomeba

cktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretiremen

ttendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（认知）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengi

ngjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.―Thisworksjustli

kephysicalexercise,‖saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.―Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.But

itmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.‖It’snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatc

anhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstim

ulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And―runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（协调）,‖shesays.―Youhavetoorganizetheac

tivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.‖Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironme

ntalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whyd

idthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toan

alyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords.B.

Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.D.Byintroducingaconcept.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthe

text?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionM

ayDeclineAsYouAge【答案详解】28.D细节理解题【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthe

tests.‖可知，科学家们做这项实验的目的是研究人们的心理，而不是身体健康状况、工作习惯以及人格个性。故选D。29.B细节理解题【解题思路】根据第四段第一句―Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise‖可知，Then是通过比较体育运动来

解释她的发现。故选B。30.C主旨大意题【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking，planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpy

ourbrainstaysharpasyouage”以及最后一段最后一句―Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhel

p.‖可知，具有挑战性的工作能帮助我们保持大脑健康，这也是贯穿全文的主旨句。文章通过阐释实验研究、引用权威话语等方式都是围绕“有难度的工作能保持大脑敏锐”展开的。故选C。21.【2020年1月浙江卷】M

ilwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroadsice-free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,

likemozzarella.Wisconsin,alsocalled―America’sDairyland,‖isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear!Asares

ult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.Disposingof(处置)thebrinecanbeexpensive.Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?Normally,townsu

serocksalttode-icestreets.Thesaltlowerswater’sfreezingpoint,causingicetomelt(融化).Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavem

oney,whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater’sfreezingpoint.Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsob

eamoreeco-friendlyoption.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.Rocksaltismadeofsodiumchlor

ide,thesamecompound(化合物)inordinarytablesalt.Soundsharmless,right?Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourf

ood,roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!Thechemicalwashesoffroadsandgoesintotheground.The

reitcanpollutedrinkingwater,harmplants,andeatawaysoil.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt,Milwaukeemaybe

abletocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.Cheesebrinehasadownsidetoo—asmellsimilartothatofbadmilk.―Idon’treallymindit,‖EmilNorbytoldMode

rnFarmermagazine.HeworksforoneofWisconsin’scountyhighwaycommissionsandcameupwiththeideaofusingcheesebrine.―OurroadssmelllikeWi

sconsin!‖hesaid.24.Whycancheesebrinehelpkeepwinterroadsice-free?A.Itissoft.B.Itcontainssalt.C.Itiswarm.D.It

hasmilkinit.25.Whatisabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads?A.Improvingairquality.B.Increasingsalesofrocksalt.C.Reducingwaterpollution

.D.Savingthecheeseindustry.26.Milwaukee’snewwaytode-icestreetsmaybeanexampleof______.A.barkingupthewrongtreeB.puttingthecartbeforetheho

rseC.robbingPetertopayPaulD.killingtwobirdswithonestone答案与解析24.B事实细节题根据第三段Normally,townsuserocksalttode-icestreets...Cheesebrinehas

saltinit可知，奶酪盐水含有盐，可以化冰。25.C推理判断题根据第四段cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption及第六段itcanpollutedrinkingwater可知，用岩盐化冰看似无污染，实际却污染饮

用水，而奶酪盐水更环保，可减少水污染。26.D推理判断题根据第二段Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine及第四段Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoree

co-friendlyoption.可知威斯康星州有很多剩余的奶酪盐水，EmilNorby想出了用这些剩余的奶酪盐水来给道路除冰的主意，既解决了剩余的奶酪盐水问题，节约开支，同时也环保，可谓一举两得。22.【2020年北京

卷】BaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK—andpotentiallytheworld—tojointhefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpollutantlevelsneartheground.Baggywearsa

pollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionl

evelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofd

evelopinglungproblems.Conventionalairpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsataboutninefeetintheair.Howev

er,sinceBaggystandsataboutthesameheightasachildinapushchair（婴儿车）,shefrequentlyrecordspollutionlevelswh

icharemuchhigherthanthedatagatheredbytheEnvironmentAgency.ThedoggydataresearchwastheideaofBaggy's13-vea-oldownerTomHuntandhisd

adMatt.TheEnglishyoungsternoticedthatpollutionlevelsarearoundtwo-thirdshigherclosetothegroundthantheya

reintheairattheheightwheretheyarerecordedbytheagency.Tomhassincereportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareathighe

rriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.MattHuntsaidhewas"veryproud"ofhissonbecause―whentheboygetsanidea,hekeepshisheaddownandgetsonwithit,an

dhereallydoeswanttodosomegoodandstopyoungkidsfromgettingasthma."―Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotec

tionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.―Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小装置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttube.On

eSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollutio

n？'Sowedidit."Tomsaid,"Mostofthetime,Baggyisjustlikeanyotherdog.Butfortherestofthetimesheisasuperdog,a

ndweareallreallyproudofher."34.Withamonitoronhercollar,Baggycan____________.（）A.takepollutantreadingsB.recordpollutantlevelsC.processcollecteddataD.r

educeairpollution35.WhatcanwelearnfromtheBaggydata?（）A.Highplacesarefreeofairpollution.B.Higherpushchairsaremoreri

skyforkids.C.Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.D.Airismorepollutedclosertotheground.36.WhatisTom'spurposeofdoingther

esearch?（）A.Towanofahealthrisk.B.Tofindoutpollutionsources.C.Totesthisnewmonitor.D.ToproveBaggy'sabilities.37.Accordingtoth

epassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeTomHunt?（）A.Modest.B.Generous.C.Creative.D.Outgoing.本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子TomHunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测器来记录

地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。【34题详解】细节理解题。本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器，Baggy可以„。根据文章第二段Baggywearsapollution

monitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Baggy在她的衣领上戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水

平。故答案为B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Baggy收集到数据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighl

ightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglungproblems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知

接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答案为D项。【36题详解】推理判断题。本题题干意为：进行这项研究Tom的意图是？根据文章第四段Tomhassincereportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphas

izethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。【37题详解】推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨

特?根据文章倒数第二段“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.“Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小装置）.About

oneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,w

hydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution？'Sowedidit."汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品(小装置)。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技

术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他说，为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做了。可知Tom是非常的有创造力的。故答案为C项。1.【2021届湖南省教育联合体高三7月联考】Theycallitthe―ruleof150‖.Ana

nthropologist(人类学家)calledRobinDunbarmadeastudyof21differentprimitivesocieties.Hefoundthattheyalllivedinvi

llagesofaround150people.Thenheaskedpeoplelivinginmoderncitiestomakealistofallthepeopletheyknewwellenou

ghtotalkto.Eachofthemmadealistofaround150people.Manyofushaveleftvillagelifebehind.Buttheideaofthevillagehasnotleft

us.Otherstudiesofbusinessesandarmyunitshaveshownthatwhenpeopleareforcedintogroupsofover150theybecomeinefficient.Therearejusttoomanypeoplearoundtocomm

unicatewitheffectively.Italsoseemsthatwhenourpersonal―villages‖becometoosmall,peoplefeellonely.Weneedotherp

eopletohelpus.Manypeopleseelifeasakindofjourney.Astheytraveltheypickupthingstheyneed.Thesearefriends,afamilyandjobs.Th

isisanarrowwayoflookingatthings.Itdoesnotexplainwhypeoplewhogetgoodjobsandbecomerichareoftenunhappy.Usingthe―ruleof150‖,wecanseethingsdiffere

ntly.Insteadofbeingalonelytraveler,youaretheheadofyourownvillage.Youareresponsibleforeverypartofvillagelife.Gettingagoodjobhelpswith

the―economicdevelopmentofyourvillage.Butyoualsoneedtopayattentiontothesocialharmonyofyourvillage.Manypeoplethinkthathappinessisaboutw

inningarace.Thewinnergetsagreatjob,aperfectfamilyandalotofmoney.Thelosershouldexpecttobeunhappy.The―ruleo

f150‖teachesusthathappinesscomeswithgettingtherightbalanceofrelationshipinourlives.Inacompetitivesocietyitise

asytojudgepeopleaccordingtothekindofjobtheyhaveorhowmuchmoneytheymake.Infact,weareallthebossofourownvillages.Thisisadifficultjob.Itisworthyofyou

rrespect.24．Whatdoesthefigure―150‖relateto?A．Thesizeofagroup.B．Thenumberofgroups.C．Theamountofwork.D．Thenumberofprimitivesocieties.25．Whati

stheauthor’sopinionabout―seeinglifeasakindofjourney‖?A．Itonlyreferstorichpeople.B．Itdoesn’tincludevillagelife.C．It

can’tcoverallpossibilitiesinlife.D．Itmaybringaboutunhappiness.26．Whatdoyoudoastheheadofyourownvillage?A．Takealongjourneywiththeothervillagers.B．Com

peteagainstotherstoachievehappiness.C．Usethe―ruleof150‖toimprovethevillagelife.D．Dealproperlywiththepeopleandthingsaroun

dyou.27．Whatisthe―ruleof150‖discussedinthetextmainlyabout?A．Thejourneyoflife.B．Relationshipinone’slife.C．Thewaytolookatthings

.D．Thecompetitivesociety.【答案】24．A25．C26．D27．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了―150法则‖，这个法则是出于对企业和军队的研究表明，当人们被强迫进入150人以上的群体时，他们的效率就会降低

。周围有太多的人，无法有效沟通。当我们个人的―村庄‖变得太小时，人们似乎感到孤独。我们需要别人的帮助。使用―150法则‖，我们可以看到不同的事情。―150法则‖告诉我们，在生活中正确平衡人际关系，幸福就会随之而来。2

4．细节理解题。根据第一段Theycallitthe―ruleof150‖.Ananthropologist(人类学家)calledRobinDunbarmadeastudyof21differentprimitivesocieties.Hefoundtha

ttheyalllivedinvillagesofaround150people.Thenheaskedpeoplelivinginmoderncitiestomakealistofallthepeopletheyknewwellenoughtotalkto.E

achofthemmadealistofaround150people.Manyofushaveleftvillagelifebehind.Buttheideaofthevillagehasnotleftus.可知他

们称之为―150法则‖。人类学家RobinDunbar研究了21个不同的原始社会。他发现他们都住在人口约150人的村庄里。然后，他让住在现代城市的人们列出一张表，上面列有所有他们很熟悉、可以交谈的人。他们每人列出了一份大约150人的名单。我们许多人

已经离开了乡村生活。但是村庄的概念并没有离开我们。由此可知，数字―150‖与一个群体的大小有关。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据第三段中Thisisanarrowwayoflookingatthings.Itdoesnotexplainwhypeoplewhogetgoodjo

bsandbecomerichareoftenunhappy.可知这是一种狭隘的看待事物的方式。这并不能解释为什么那些找到好工作并变得富有的人往往不快乐。由此可知，对于―视人生为一种旅程‖，作者认为它不能涵盖生活中的所有可能性。故选C。26

．推理判断题。根据第四段中Insteadofbeingalonelytraveler,youaretheheadofyourownvillage.Youareresponsibleforeverypartofvillagelife.Gettingagoodjobhelpswitht

he―economicdevelopmentofyourvillage.Butyoualsoneedtopayattentiontothesocialharmonyofyourvillage.可知你不是一个孤独的旅行者，你是你自己村庄的领袖。你要对乡村生活的方方面面负责。找到一份好工作有助于

你所在村庄的经济发展。但你也需要注意你所在村庄的社会和谐。由此可推知，作为村长，你应该正确处理你周围的人和事。故选D。27．推理判断题。根据第二段Otherstudiesofbusinessesandarmyunitshaveshownthatwhenpeopl

eareforcedintogroupsofover150theybecomeinefficient.Therearejusttoomanypeoplearoundtocommunicatewitheffectively.Italso

seemsthatwhenourpersonal―villages‖becometoosmall,peoplefeellonely.Weneedotherpeopletohelpus.可知其他对企业和军队的研究表明，当人们被强迫进入150人以上的群体时，他们的

效率就会降低。周围有太多的人，无法有效沟通。当我们个人的―村庄‖变得太小时，人们似乎感到孤独。我们需要别人的帮助。以及倒数第二段中The―ruleof150‖teachesusthathappinesscome

swithgettingtherightbalanceofrelationshipinourlives.可知―150法则‖告诉我们，在生活中正确平衡人际关系，幸福就会随之而来。由此可推知，文章中讨论的―150规则‖主要是关于生活中的关系的。故选B。2.【2021届广西钦州市第一中

学高三开学摸底】Antioxidants(抗氧化剂)incoffeearethoughttohelpprotectagainststroke—buttoomuchmustraisebloodpressure,wh

ichincreasestherisk,accordingtoJapaneseresearchers.Similarly,greenteacouldalsobebeneficialforprevent

ingtheshockingevent,causedwhenabloodvessel(血管)inorservingthebrainisblocked.Thestudylookedatthedrinkinghabitsofmorethan83,000healthyadu

lts,aged45to74,whosehealthwastrackedfor13yearsonaverage.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabouta20percentlowerriskofstroke,

comparedtothosewhorarelydrankit.Togetanequaleffect,aboutfourcupsofgreenteaadaywererequired.Allresultswere

adjustedtotakeintoaccountdifferencesbetweenthegroupsinagecomposition,gender,smoking,alcohol,weight,dietandexercise.Dr.YoshihiroKok

ubo,leadauthorofthestudy,publishedinthejournalStroke,said,―Theregularactionofdrinkingteaandcoffee,largelybenefitscardiovascular(心脏血管的)he

alth.‖Theirresultsforcoffeeweresimilartothatof―studyofstudies‖,presentedataEuropeanconference,whichfoundthatonetothreecupsadaywasassociatedwith

a14percentreduction.Forthreetosixcups,thereappearedtobeasimilarbutweakerassociation,buttherewasnobenefitfromdrinkingsixormore.Ex

actlywhycoffeeandgreenteaappearstolowerstrokeriskisunclear,althoughantioxidantsarethoughttobeatwork.However,thescienceisbyno

meanscutanddried.Caffeineraisesbloodpressure,andtherehavebeenindicationsthattoomuchcoffeecanraisestrokeriskb

ecauseofthis.Dr.DaleWebb,fromtheStrokeAssociationsaid,―Wewelcomethisstudywhichsuggeststhatthebenefitsofan

tioxidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoffsetthepotentialharmfromcaffeine.‖Hethought,theresultsshowhigherconsumptionofgreenteaandcoffeemightreducetherisksof

stroke.―Wewouldliketoseefurtherresearchtounderstandthesefindings,‖hesaid.28．Whatmayleadtoastrokeaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Higherblood

pressure.B．Drinkingacupofcoffeeaday.C．Blockedbloodvesselsinthebrain.D．Antioxidants.29．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thestudymainlyfocusesonmiddl

e-agedpeople.B．Drinkingonecupofcoffeeadaybenefitshealth.C．Thosewhoseldomdrinkcoffeearehealthier.D．Drinkingteacontributestostroke.30．Wha

tistheattitudeofDr.DaleWebbtowardthisstudy?A．Hesawmorefindingsofthisstudyunsatisfiedly.B．Heunderstoodthedifficultyofthisstudy

.C．Heappreciatedtheachievementsofthisstudy.D．Hewasdisappointedtofindnofollowingresearch.31．Whatcanbeasuitabl

etitleforthetext?A．DrinkingcoffeeraisesbloodpressureB．DrinkingteareducesstrokeC．DrinkingcoffeeequalsdrinkingteaD．Drinkingteaorcoffeeprope

rlymatters【答案】28．C29．B30．C31．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，喝咖啡或绿茶可以降低中风的风险。但是，过量饮用也会导致血压升高，因此，要适量饮用咖啡或绿茶。28．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Similarly,greent

eacouldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingevent,causedwhenabloodvessel(血管)inorservingthebrainisblocked.可知同样，绿茶也有助于预

防中风，这是由于大脑内部或服务于大脑的血管被阻塞而引起的。由此可知，当大脑中的血管发生堵塞的时候，可能会导致中风。故选C。29．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabou

ta20percentlowerriskofstroke,comparedtothosewhorarelydrankit.可知他们发现，与很少喝咖啡的人相比，每天至少喝一杯咖啡的人患中风的风险要低20%。由此可推断，每天至少喝一杯咖啡对身体健康有好

处。故选B。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Dr.DaleWebb,fromtheStrokeAssociationsaid,―Wewelcomethisstudywhichsuggeststhatthebenefitsofantio

xidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoffsetthepotentialharmfromcaffeine.‖可知中风协会的DaleWebb博士说:―我们欢迎这项研究，它表明咖啡和绿茶中的抗氧化剂的好处可以抵消咖啡因的潜在危害

。‖由此可判断出，DaleWebb医生对这项研究的成果持赞赏态度。故选C。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段Antioxidants(抗氧化剂)incoffeearethoughttohelpprotectagainststroke—buttoo

muchmustraisebloodpressure,whichincreasestherisk,accordingtoJapaneseresearchers.Similarly,greenteacouldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingeven

t,causedwhenabloodvessel(血管)inorservingthebrainisblocked.可知据日本研究人员称，咖啡中的抗氧化剂被认为有助于预防中风，但喝太多咖啡就会导致血压升高，从而增加中

风的风险。同样，绿茶也有助于预防中风，这是由于大脑内部或服务于大脑的血管被阻塞而引起的。结合本文主要讲述最新的研究表明，适当饮用一定量的咖啡或绿茶能降低患中风的风险。故D选项―适当饮用咖啡或茶很重要‖最适合作标

题。故选D。3.【2021届江西省景德镇一中高三8月月考】Whenourancestorswerepeasantsintheearliestdaysofagriculture,thedailyschedulewas:workinfieldallday,eatmiddaymealin

field,continueworkinginfield.Today,aftercenturiesofhumanadvancement,itgoessomethinglike:workincoffeeshopallday,buyandeatlunchthere

,continuetoilingawayonlaptopuntilthesunsets.Thoughitmayseemlikethetechboomandgigeconomy(临时工经济)ledthewayinthismodernmobilew

orkstyle,workinganddininghavealwaysbeenintertwined.InmajorcitieslikeNewYork,WashingtonD．C．,SydneyandHongKong,restaurantsarec

hangingintoofficialco-workingspacesduringoff-peakhours.Dr.MeganElias,directorofthegastronomyprogramatBostonUniv

ersity,saysfoodandbusinesshavebeenlinkedsinceasfarbackastheancientSumer(whoestablishedcivilizationaswekn

owitaround4000B．C．)―Whatwethinkofasstreetfoodhasalwaysbeenpartofhumancivilization,‖shesays.―Therehavealwaysbeenmarketplaceswherehumanscameto

gethertoconductsomekindofbusiness—liketradinggrain,tradinganimalsorbuildinghouses.Aslongastherehavebeenmarketplaces,p

eoplehavebeeneatingatthemwhilealsodoingbusiness.‖Thefirstexampleofabrick-and-mortar―restaurant‖cameduringthemerchante

conomyinthe15thand16thcenturies,accordingtoElias.DuringthisstageinEuropean,African,andEastandSouthAsianhistory,innsallowedmerch

antbusinessmentorest—andofcourse,eat—throughouttheirtravels.Duringthecolonialeraofthe1600sand1700s,concreteexampl

esofAmericanrestaurantsemergedas―CoffeeHouses‖.CoffeeHouseswereplacesthathadnewspapers,whichatthetimewereverysmallandc

ommercial,"authorandsocialhistorianJanWhitakerexplains.Coffeehousesremainedtradesmanstaplesthroughoutt

heearly19thcentury,withsimplemenuitemslikerollsandmeatpies.More―grandmeals,‖asEliascallsthem,werestilltakingplacewithinhomesfornon-travelin

gfolk.But,whentheU.S.beganindustrializinginthe1840sandpeoplestayednearworkplacesduringtheday,eatingestablishmentspoppeduparoundfactories.―Industr

ializationofthecityisalsorestaurantizationofthecity,‖Eliassays.―Placessprunguptoserveabusinesslunchcrowdandanafter-workdiningc

rowdagain,stilldoingbusiness.‖8．Howdoestheauthormentionedourancestorsinparagraph1?A．TomakecomparisonsB．Topresentfigures.C．Toraisequestion

sD．Togiveexamples9．Whendidrestaurantsbegintoprovidenotonlyeatingbutsheltering?A．around4000B．C．B．inthe15tha

nd16thcenturies.C．Duringthe1600sand1700s.D．Intheearly19thcentury.10．WhatcanwelearnaboutCoffeehouses?A．N

ewspaperswereproducedtherefirst.B．Thefoodservedtherewaslimitedatfirst.C．Theywereespeciallypopulararoundfactories.D．Itwasaperfectplacefore

ntertainmentandeating.11．Whatcanbebesttitleofthetext?A．thefunctionofeatingout.B．Theslowformationofthemoderncity.C．t

heevolutionoftherestaurant.D．Theageofmorework,lesseating.【答案】8．A9．B10．B11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了讲述了餐馆的演变历史。8．推理

判断题。根据第一段中Whenourancestorswerepeasantsintheearliestdaysofagriculture,thedailyschedulewas:workinfieldallday,eatmiddaymea

linfield,continueworkinginfield.Today,aftercenturiesofhumanadvancement,itgoessomethinglike:workincoffeeshopallday,buyan

deatlunchthere,continuetoilingawayonlaptopuntilthesunsets.在农业发展初期，我们的祖先还是农民的时候，每天的日程是：整天在田间劳作，中午在田间吃饭，继续

在田间劳作。今天，经过几个世纪的人类进步，它是这样的：整天在咖啡馆工作，在那里买和吃午饭，继续用笔记本电脑工作，直到太阳下山。可知，作者是通过比较农业发展初期和今天的工作方式来提到我们的祖先的。故选A项9

．细节理解题。根据第三段中Thefirstexampleofabrick-and-mortar―restaurant‖cameduringthemerchanteconomyinthe15thand16thcenturies,accordingtoElias.DuringthisstageinEu

ropean,African,andEastandSouthAsianhistory,innsallowedmerchantbusinessmentorest—andofcourse,eat—throughouttheirtravels.据El

ias说，第一个实体―餐馆‖出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。在欧洲、非洲、东亚和南亚历史的这一阶段，客栈允许商人在旅途中休息——当然，也可以吃饭。可知，餐馆是在15和16世纪开始不仅提供吃饭，而且提供住宿。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第四段中Coffeehousesremained

tradesmanstaplesthroughouttheearly19thcentury,withsimplemenuitemslikerollsandmeatpies.More―grandmeals,‖asEliascall

sthem,werestilltakingplacewithinhomesfornon-travelingfolk.在整个19世纪早期，咖啡馆一直是商家的主食，菜单上的菜品很简单，比如面包卷和肉饼。更

多的―大餐‖，正如Elias所说，仍在家里为不旅行的人准备。可知，咖啡馆起初供应的食物有限。故选B项。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中InmajorcitieslikeNewYork,WashingtonD.C.,SydneyandHongKong,restaurantsarechangingi

ntoofficialco-workingspacesduringoff-peakhours.在纽约、华盛顿特区、悉尼和香港等大城市，餐馆在非高峰时间变成了正式的联合办公区。第三段中Thefirstexampleofabrick-and-mort

ar―restaurant‖cameduringthemerchanteconomyinthe15thand16thcenturies,accordingtoElias.据Elias说，第一个实体―餐馆‖出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。以

及通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了餐馆的演变历史，因此本文的最佳标题选项C―餐馆的演变‖符合题意。故选C项。4.【湖南省汨罗2021届高三入学考试】Theroyalfamilyisfilledwithrules,andoneinparticularmightexplainwhyPri

ncessCharlotteisaprincess,butherkidslikelywon'tbe.WhenitcomestotheBritishroyalfamily,onethingisalmostalwaystrue:theyhaveaprettyconfusingset

ofofficialrulesandprotocols.Forinstance,theroyalfamilydoesn'thavealastname.Anddon'tforgetthefactthatQueenElizabethcelebratestwobirth

dayseveryyear.Ifyourheadisn'tswimmingyet,considerthetraditionofroyaltitles.AsaBritishcustom,onlythedaughterofaprinceoraprince'swifemaybeconsi

deredaformal―princess‖.ThelatterappliestoKate,whoisbothaprincessandtheDuchessofCambridgethankstohermarriagetoPrinceWi

lliam,theDukeofCambridge.Andtheirchildren,PrinceGeorgeandPrincessCharlotte,alsobearofficialroyaltitlesbecausethei

rfatherisPrinceWilliam.However,whilePrinceGeorge'sfuturechildrenwillalsocarrytheirfather'sroyalstatus,anychildrentha

tPrincessCharlottehaswillnotautomaticallybeconsideredprincesorprincesses.Why?Royalcustomdictatesthatroyaltitlesarepasseddownviasons

,butnotdaughters.However,whilePrinceGeorge'sfuturechildrenwillalsocarrytheirfather'sroyalstatus,anychildrenthatPrincessCharlottehas

willnotautomaticallybeconsideredprincesorprincesses.Why?Royalcustomdictatesthatroyaltitlesarepasseddownviasons

,butnotdaughters."Royaltitlesareinheritedthroughsons,soifPrincessCharlottehaschildrentheywouldnotautomaticallyinheri

tthetitles(hisorherroyalhighness)HRH,Prince,orPrincess,‖LucyHume,associatedirectorofetiquetteexpertsDebrett's,toldTo

wn&Country.Ofcourse,exceptionscan(andwill!)bemade.(LearnabouteverytimetheBritishroyalfamilybroketheirownprotoco

l.)TheQueenhasofferedHRHstatustootherroyaloffspringinthepast,includingthechildrenofQueenElizabeth'sdaughter,Anne.AlthoughPr

incessAnneandherhusband,CaptainPhillips,declined,perhapsPrincessCharlottewillbeextendedthesameofferwhenherownchildrenareborn.12．What'stheme

aningoftheunderlinedword"protocol"inthesecondparagraph?A．Promise.B．Behavior.C．Manners.D．Connection.13．Whatkindofchildisregardedas"princess"?A．Th

esonofaprincess.B．Thedaughterofaprince.C．Thedaughterofaprincess.D．Thewifeofaking.14．WhoisCharlotte'sfather?A．PrinceGeo

rge.B．Elizabeth.C．PrinceWilliam.D．CaptainPhilips.15．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Anypersoncanbreaktraditionalrules.B

．Noteverypersonmustobeytraditionalrules.C．AnyBritishroyalfamilymemberhastheirowntitle.D．MaybetheBritishroyalfamil

ywillbreaktheirownrules.【答案】12．C13．B14．C15．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国王室头衔传承的规则。按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。公主拥有的

任何子女都不会自动被视为王子或公主。因为皇室习俗规定皇室头衔是由儿子传下来的而不是女儿。12．词义猜测题。划线词和之前的rules是并列的，因此在词义上与rules（规则）接近，根据第二段中的―Forinstance,theroyalfamilydoesn’th

avealastname.Anddon’tforgetthefactthatQueenElizabethcelebratestwobirthdayseveryyear.‖可知，王室成员没有姓氏。伊丽莎白女王每年庆祝两个生日，这是一

种―规矩‖。该句是在解释rules和protocols，因此下划线词语的意思是―规矩‖。A.Promise.承诺；B.Behavior.行为；C.Manners.规矩，风俗；D.Connection.联系。故选C。13．细节理解题。根

据第三段中的―AsaBritishcustom,onlythedaughterofaprinceoraprince’swifemaybeconsideredaformal"princess".‖可知，按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。因此选项中只有―王子的女儿‖才

被认为是公主。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的―PrinceGeorgeandPrincessCharlotte,alsobearofficialroyaltitlesbecausetheirfatherisPrinceWilliam.‖可知，乔治王子和夏洛特公主也有官方的王室

头衔，因为他们的父亲是威廉王子。因此夏洛特的父亲是威廉王子。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的―Ofcourse,exceptionscan(andwill!)bemade.TheQueenhasofferedHRHst

atustootherroyaloffspringinthepast,includingthechildrenofQueenElizabeth'sdaughter,Anne.AlthoughPrincessAnneandherhusband,Cap

tainPhillips,declined,perhapsPrincessCharlottewillbeextendedthesameofferwhenherownchildrenareborn.‖可知，当然，可能会有例外。女王过去曾向其他王室后代，包括伊丽莎白女王女儿安妮的

子女提供过HRH身份（注：HRH身份指的是皇室身份中的王子或公主），但是安妮公主和她的丈夫菲利普斯上尉拒绝了。也许夏洛特公主在自己的孩子出生后也会得到同样的待遇。因此最后一段主要告诉我们的是：也许英国王室会

打破自己的规矩让公主的孩子也可以享有正式的王室头衔。故选D。5.【2021届安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试】WhilewalkingthroughsomeremoteforestinIndonesia’sWestSumatra,somebiologists

claimtohavespottedtheworld’slargestflowereverrecorded.TheflowerisagiantRafflesiatuan-mudae,aspeciesthatonlycomesoutforaboutse

vendaysattheendoftheplant’slifespan.Therecordflowermeasuredinatadiameterof111centimeters,whichmakesitlargerthanthepreviousrecordhold

erby4centimeters,alsoaRafflesiatuan-mudae.―ThisisthelargestRafflesiatuan-mudaethathaseverbeendocumented,‖saidAdePutraattheAgamConservationAgency

inSumatra.Theflowerischaracterizedbyitsflesh-coloredpetals(花瓣)thatarecoveredinwhitespots.Thatmightnotsoundl

ikethemostattractivedescription,butit’sproperconsideringthesmellthisspeciesisknowntogiveoff.Rafflesiatuan-mudaeisatypeofspecia

lflower,whichsmellslikeadyingbody.Don’tletthisfactlessenthegloryofafindlikethis,however.Whattheflowerlacksinfragrancema

kesupforitsappealingbiology.Thepungentsmellismeanttoattractflies,whicharethisflower’smainpollinators(传粉者).Interestingly,it’sstilla

mysteryastowhattypeofanimaldistributesthetuan-mudaeseeds.Theseplantsalsogrowinsidetherootofahostplantforaroundninemonthsuntilsuddenlyshowing

themselvestotheworldwiththeirgiantsmellyflowers.Theywerenamed―Rafflesia‖afteraBritishcolonist(殖民者),SirStamfordRaffles,w

howasthefirsttoofficiallyidentifyoneintheearly19thcentury.HopefullyforRaffles’sake,itwasnamedafterhimtohonorthediscovery,notb

ecauseofthegoodsir’ssmell.Luckily,ittakesaspecialkindofscientiststoruntowardoneoftheseflowersratherthanaway,butinthiscase

theprizewasworththesmell.Whateveritssmell,it’saspecialplant,andit’sencouragingthatsuchrarenaturalwonderscanstillfindroomtogrowonourcrowdedplane

t.8．Whatwasthediameterofthepreviousrecordholderofthebiggestflower?A．111centimeters.B．104centimeters.C．107centimeters.D．115centimeters.9．

Whatdoestheunderlinedword―pungent‖meaninParagraph4?A．Strongandunpleasant.B．Relaxingandsoft.C．Fragrantandsharp.D．Pl

easantandattractive.10．Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?A．Whentheflowerwasfound.B．Wheretheflowerwasfound.C．Howtheflowerwasna

med.D．Whytheflowerwassospecial.11．Howdoestheauthorfindthediscovery?A．Nervous.B．Fortunate.C．Annoyed.D．Satisfied.【答案】8．C9．A10．C11．B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了世界上有记录的最大的花Rafflesiatuan-mudae（穆达大王花），并介绍了它特殊的气味和命名原因。8．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句―Therecordflowermeasuredinatadiameter

of111centimeters,whichmakesitlargerthanthepreviousrecordholderby4centimeters,alsoaRafflesiatuan-mudae.‖可知，这朵Rafflesiatuan-mudae（穆达大王花

）的直径为111厘米，这使得它比之前的记录保持者的直径大了4厘米，那也是一朵穆达大王花。由此可推断出，最大的花的前一个记录保持者的直径是111厘米减去4厘米，为107厘米。故选C项。9．词义猜测题。画线词所在句―Thepungentsmellismeanttoattr

actflies‖意为―这种_____气味是用来吸引苍蝇的‖。根据第三段关键句―Rafflesiatuan-mudaeisatypeofspecialflower,whichsmellslikeadyingbody.‖可知，穆达大王花闻起来像一个垂死的尸体。再根据第四段关键句―sudde

nlyshowingthemselvestotheworldwiththeirgiantsmellyflowers.‖中的―giantsmelly‖可知，这种花会散发出巨大的臭味。Strongandunpleasant意为―强烈的和令人不快的‖，符合对这种花气味的描述

，表示这种强烈的和令人不快的气味是用来吸引苍蝇的，符合句意。故选A项。10．主旨大意题。根据第五段关键句―Theywerenamed―Rafflesia‖afteraBritishcolonist(殖民者),SirStamford

Raffles‖可知，这种花以英国殖民者SirStamfordRaffles的名字命名为Rafflesia。再根据第五段关键句―itwasnamedafterhimtohonorthediscovery,notbecauseofthegoodsir’ssmell‖可知，以他的名字命名

是为了纪念这个发现。由此可推断出，本段主要讲的是这朵花是怎样被命名的。故选C项。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句―Luckily,ittakesaspecialkindofscientiststoruntowardoneoftheseflowersratherthanawa

y,butinthiscasetheprizewasworththesmell.‖可知，幸运的是，这种特殊的味道让科学家们跑向了这些花，而不是远离它们。由此可推断出，作者认为这一发现是幸运的。Fortunate意为―幸运的‖，符合作者的看法。故选B

项。6.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】Therearemanyoptionsforfreevideoconferencing(会议)apps.Here’sourshortlistofthebestones,wheretheyshine

andwheretheyfallshort.GoogleHangoutsThefreevideochatappfromGoogleisagreatexampleofaconsumer-gradeapp.Itintegrateswit

hGmailandGoogleCalendar,makingiteasierforuserstooperate.Upto10participantscanjointheliveconferencewithaplug-inapplication.Andasitdo

esn’tsupportdualstreamvideoandcontent,someuserscomplainthatthevideoisnotclearorreliable.SkypeTheapp,developedbyMicrosoft,gives10us

ersaccesstoaconference.It’sworthnotingthatMicrosoftisintegratedwithSkype.Aplug-inapplicationisrequired.Adv

ancedfeaturesarefascinating,butonlyavailableforpaidsubscription.ZoomThefreevideoconferencingsolutionfromZoomprovidesaserviceforgroupvideo

callswithover100participants.TheZoomBasicplanallowsuserstohave40-minutecallswithahandfuloffeatureslikescreen

sharing,localrecordingandcamerafilters.Aplug-inapplicationisnecessary.Allcalls,whicharelimitedto40minutesorless,aresecured.LifesizeLifesizehas

beeninthevideoconferencingindustryforlong.BysettingupafreeaccountwithLifesize,youcanquicklystartafreevideocallwithupto25participants.Itis

web-basedanddoesn’trequiredownloadsoranapplicationonyourdevices.Guestscanjointhelivecallrightfromthewebsitebyclickingonyourpersonalmeeti

ngIDlink.Tousetheadditionalfeatureslike300-waycalling,Microsoftintegrationsand4Kvideoconferenceroomsystemsr

equiresapaidsubscription.1．WhichaspectofGoogleHangoutsisnotsatisfactory?A．Usercapacity.B．Videoquality

.C．User-friendliness.D．Technicalsupport.2．Whichappoffersaten-minuteconferenceservicewith30peopleforfree?A．GoogleHangouts.B．Skyp

e.C．Zoom.D．Lifesize.3．WhatisspecialaboutLifesize?A．ItintegrateswithMicrosoft.B．Itiscompletelyfreeofcharge.C．Thereisnotimelimittoitsconf

erences.D．Noapplicationisneededforparticipants.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章详细说明了三款最好用的会议软件的优势和不足。1.细节理解题。根据GoogleHangouts部分第二段最后一句“

Andasitdoesn’tsupportdualstreamvideoandcontent,someuserscomplainthatthevideoisnotclearorreliable.”（由于不支持双流视频和内容，一些用户抱怨视频不清晰或不可靠。）可知，Googl

eHangouts不令人满意的方面是视频质量。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据Zoom部分第一段第一句“ThefreevideoconferencingsolutionfromZoomprovidesaserviceforgr

oupvideocallswithover100participants.”（Zoom提供的免费视频会议解决方案提供100人以上的群组视频通话服务。）可知，Zoom可以免费提供100人以上的群组视频通话服务，根据第二句“TheZoo

mBasicplanallowsuserstohave40-minutecallswithahandfuloffeatureslikescreensharing,localrecordingandcamerafilters.”（ZoomBasic计划允许用户拨打40分钟的电话，并提供一些

功能，如屏幕共享、本地录音和相机滤镜。）可知，Zoom应用程序提供30人免费的10分钟会议服务。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据Lifesize部分“Itisweb-basedanddoesn’trequiredownloadsoranapplicationonyourdevice

s.”它是基于网络的，不需要在你的设备上下载或安装应用程序。根据GoogleHangouts中的“withaplug-inapplication”安装应用程序。根据Skype“Aplug-inapplicationisrequired.”安装应用程序。根据

Zoom“Aplug-inapplicationisnecessary.”安装应用程序。由此可知，Lifesize特别之处在于申请者无需安装应用程序。故选D。7.【广东省深圳市高级中学2021届高三模拟】Bostonwantstobesmarter.Thecityhastak

enadvantageoftechnologiestobecomemoreresponsivetoitsresidents'needs.Buttechnologyaloneisnotsufficienttom

aketoday'scitiesliveable.Bostonhasdiscoveredthatitalsoneedstoreachtheold-fashionedlow-techcommunityandinte

gratethattechnologywithcitylife.KrisCarterrolledoutBoston'ssmartcityprogramin2014.ItstartedwithanAppthatresidentscoulddownloadtoreportlocati

onswheresidewalksneededrepair.Thecitysortedoutthosereportsandrankedtheminadatabase,whichrepaircrewsusedtoprioritizetheirwork.Thesystemwor

kedbeautifully,exceptforoneproblem:mostofthealerts(警报)camefromwealthierneighborhoods,wheretheconcentrationofsmartphone-eq

uippedresidentswashighest.＂ThecomplaintsfromtheAppdidn'talwayscorrelatewiththegreatestcommunityneedforrepairs,"explainsCarter.Carter'

sgrouphasmovedawayfromthemodelcommontomanysmartcityinitiativesoflettingtech-savvy(精通技术的）residentsdrivetheprocess.Instead,theyrunmeet

ingstofindoutwhatproblemspeopleindifferentneighborhoodscareaboutsolving.Whenitcametosidewalks,Bostonintroducedasecondmethodofcolle

ctingrepairtips,hiringpeopletogetoutandwalkthecity's1,700milesofsidewalkstotakenotesontheircondition.Whetherusinglow-techorhigh-techapproaches,saysC

arter,tostaysmart,acityneedstocontinuallyreassessitsoptionstospotopportunitiestoimproveresidents'lives.Takethesidewa

lkrepairprogram,walkingonthestreetswasprovedauseful,ifinefficientwaytoprioritizerepairneeds.Butlastyearthegroupfoundthatwalkers'mobilephonesco

uldbetrackedastheymovedalongthestreets,andthatdatacouldbeanalyzedtoidentifysidewalkrouteswhicharemostoftenusedbyneig

hborhoods.―Combinedwithourothersidewalkinformation,thatgaveusanevenbetterwaytopredictwherefasterrepairswoulddothemostgo

od,"saysCarter,"We'rereallyalwayslookingforwhatevermixofapproachesbestsolvestheproblem."12．Whatisthefirstparagraphmai

nlyabout?A．Thecitizens'life.B．Thecity'sreputation.C．Thecity'smanagement.D．Thebenefitsoftechnology.13．What

problemdidKrisCarter'steammeetwhencarryingouttheirprogram?A．Theyfacedmanytechnicalobstacles.B．Theycouldn'tserveallresid

entswell.C．Theywerenotsupportedbyresidents.D．Theywereannoyedbybeingshort-staffed.14．WhichofthefollowingmightKrisCartermostagreewith?

A．Maximizingthebenefitsoftechnology.B．Mixingapproachesforsolvingproblems.C．Givingfullplaytothepowerofresidents.D．Lettingtechc

ompaniesbealeadingrole.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ASmartCity:MoreThanJustTechB．ACitywithIntelligentFacili

tiesC．Joint-effortinCityConstructionD．TheModernizationofaCity【答案】12．C13．B14．B15．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效管理，成就现代智慧城

市。12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Buttechnologyaloneisnotsufficienttomaketoday'scitieslivable.Bostonhasdiscoveredthatitalsoneedstoreachtheold-fashionedlow-techco

mmunityandintegratethattechnologywithcitylife.”但是，仅仅依靠技术还不足以使今天的城市适合居住。波士顿发现，它还需要接触到传统的低智能化社区，并将这种技术与城市生活结合起来。本段主要讲述了波士顿力争成为智慧城市，使用高科技更充分地回

应市民的需求，同时，城市也注重加强传统低智能化社区科技与生活的融合。所以第一段主要是关于城市的管理。故选C。13．推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“ThecomplaintsfromtheAppdidn’talwayscorrelatewiththegreat

estcommunityneedforrepairs,explainsGarter.”嘉德解释说，来自应用程序的投诉并不总是与最大的社区维修需求相关。根据第四段“Carter'sgrouphasmovedawayfromthemodelcommontomanysmartcityinitiativ

esoflettingtech-savvy(精通技术的）residentsdrivetheprocess.Instead,theyrunmeetingstofindoutwhatproblemspeopleindifferentneighborho

odscareaboutsolving”可知，卡特的团队已经摆脱了许多智能城市倡议的共同模式，即让精通技术的居民来推动这一进程。相反，他们召开会议，找出不同社区的人关心解决的问题。克里斯卡特的团队在执行他

们的计划时遇到的问题是不能为所有市民很好地服务，故选B。14．推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“We'rereallyalwayslookingforwhateverevermixofapproachesbestsolvestheproblem.”我们一直在寻找各种方法的最佳组

合来解决问题可知，Carter想要寻找高科技技术与传统方法融合的方式来满足城市管理的需要，故选B。15．主旨大意类。文章主要介绍了波士顿在提高城市智能程度的过程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分使用传统方法，以满足所有市民的需要，它是一座不仅仅以高科技来成就的智慧城市，所以短文的

最佳标题为“智能城市：不仅仅靠技术”。故选A。8.【2020届四川省天府名校高三5月教学质量联合测评】I.M.Pei,oneofthebest-knownarchitectsofthe20thcentury,h

asdied.Hewas102.BorninChina,IeohMingPeimovedtotheUnitedStatesin1935tostudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarva

rdUniversity.Pei’sworksaroundtheworldincludemuseums,governmentbuildings,hotels,schoolsandotherstructuresbuiltwithstone,steelandglass.Oneofhisbest-kno

wnandmostdisputedworkswasbuilt30yearsago.Peicreatedanewentrancefortheworld-famousLouvreMuseuminParis.Peifirstspentfourmonthsstudyingthemu

seumandFrenchhistory.Hethendrewplansfora21-meter-tallsteelandglassid,withthreesmallerpyramidsnearby.Itwasaveryfuturisticstyleofworkforthe12th-cent

urybuilding.AFrenchnewspapercriticizedPei’spyramidsas―anannextoDisneyland‖.Anenvironmentalgroupsaidtheybelongedinadesert.

OthersaccusedPeiofruiningoneoftheworld’sgreatestlandmarks.PeisaidtheLouvrewasthemostdifficultjobofhiscareer.Hearguedthathehadwantedtocreateamoderns

pacethatwouldnottakeawayfromthetraditionalpartofthemuseum.HesaidtheglasspyramidswerebasedontheworksofFrenchlandscapearchitectLeNotre.They

honoredFrenchhistory.Thepyramidsopenedinthespringof1989.Overtheyearsthatfollowed,thestructurecametobelovedbymost,ifnotall

,ofitscritics.Otherwell-knownPeibuildingsincludetheJohnF.KennedyLibraryinDorchester,Massachusetts,theNationalCenterforAtmosphericRe

searchinBoulder,Colorado,theEastWingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonandtheDallasCityHallinTexas.Peiofficiallyretiredin1990.However,hecontinuedt

oworkonprojects—includingmuseumsinLuxembourg,QatarandhisancestralhomeofSuzhou.8．WhatistrueabouttheentrancecreatedbyPeifortheLou

vreMuseum?A．Peispentfourmouthsdrawingplansforit.B．Therearefourpyramidsintotal.C．It’sinastyleofthe12thcentury.D．Ittook30yearstocomple

tethework.9．WhatcanweinferfromPei’swordsinParagraph4?A．TheglasspyramidswereoriginallydesignedbyLeNotre

.B．TheglasspyramidswerebasedontheFrenchlandscape.C．TheglasspyramidswereinharmonywiththeLouvre.D．Theglasspyram

idsreflectedbothFrenchandChinesestyle.10．Whatweremostpeople’sattitudestowardsPei’spyramidsyearsafteritsopening?A．Indi

fferent.B．Puzzled.C．Critical.D．Favorable.11．WhatdoweknowaboutPeiaccordingtothepassage?A．Hewashardworking,optimistica

ndeasygoing.B．HespreadChinesetraditionalarchitecturetotheworld.C．HecreatedmanygreatworksbothinChinaandothercountries.D．Hewasthemostoutst

andingarchitectofthe20thcentury.【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了贝聿铭在建筑领域上的成就。8．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句―Hethendrewplansfora21-meter

-tallsteelandglasspyramid,withthreesmallerpyramidsnearby.‖然后，他绘制了一个21米高的钢和玻璃金字塔的计划，附近还有三个较小的金字塔。由此可知，卢浮宫入口一共有4个金字塔。故选B。9．推理判断题。根

据第四段中―Hearguedthathehadwantedtocreateamodernspacethatwouldnottakeawayfromthetraditionalpartofthemuseum.Hes

aidtheglasspyramidswerebasedontheworksofFrenchlandscapearchitectLeNotre.TheyhonoredFrenchhistory.‖他争辩说，他想要创造一个不会脱离博物馆的传统部分的现代空

间。他说，玻璃金字塔是基于法国景观设计师勒诺特尔的作品。他们向法国历史致敬。可知这个玻璃金字塔是与卢浮宫的传统风格相契合的。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句―Overtheyearsthatfollowe

d,thestructurecametobelovedbymost,ifnotall,ofitscritics.‖在接下来的几年里，该结构受到了大多数(如果不是全部的话)批评人士的喜爱。由此可知，这个建筑被大多数人喜爱。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句―However,hecont

inuedtoworkonprojects—includingmuseumsinLuxembourg,QatarandhisancestralhomeofSuzhou‖然而，他继续从事项目工作——包括卢森堡、卡塔尔和

他的祖籍苏州的博物馆。由此可知，在中国和其他国家都有其创作的作品。故选C。9.【2020届河北省衡水中学高三第六次调考】The2019WorldConferenceonVRIndustryshowsthatVirtualReality（VR

）technologycanbeusedtorevolutionizepeople'sexperiencesinpracticallyanyfield．HeldinNanchangfromOct．19to22，theannualconferenceattractedmoretha

n300experts，leadingscholarsandcompanyprincipalsfromover30countries．Thethemeofthisyear'sWorldConferenceonVRIndustrywas"

VR+5Gtoranewageofinsight．"Conferencesandexhibitions，whichhostedmorethan2，000companiesfromacrosstheworld

，wereheldduringtheevent．AsChinaintroduces5Gthisyear，expertsandindustryinsiderssaidthattheVRindustrywillhugthenewera．"Wewillt

aketheleadinVRtechnologycreativity．Forexample，thetechnologyhasalreadybeenappliedsuccessfullytothisyear'sNationalDayparade．Thepopularityofthete

chnologyamongyoungergenerationsofusersguaranteesalargepotentialmarket，saidGuoPing，representativeofHuawei．In201

8，OralRobertsUniversityintheUSAopenedanewGlobalLearningCenter，whichhasclassroomsequippedwith360-degreecamerasonthewail，whichfollowsand

recordsprofessorsastheyteach．Throughanapponthesmartphone，studentscanseeimagesin3Dandmanipulate（操纵）them．InM

ay2019，aVRthemeparkopenedtothepublicinLondon．Coveringabout13，000squaremeterswith120setsofadvancedVRequipment，theparkattractsthous

andsofvisitorseveryday．Duringthe22ndAsianMusicFestival，themusicalEightmadeitssecondappearance．Eightisauniquefusionofmusic，theater，VRtechnologyandvisu

alart，inwhichaudiencememberswearVRheadsetstowalkthroughandmanipulateanequipment．Theshowtellsapoeticstoryofanoldwomanlookingback

onherlifeanditlastsfor15minutes．12．Whatdoesthisyear'sWorldConferencesuggest？______A．VRtechnologycanbeusedonlywith5G．B．VRtechnolo

gycanchangepeople'slives．C．China's5Gtechnologywilltakethelead．D．MoreVRthemeparkswillbeopenedtopublic．13．WhyisGuoPingconfid

entaboutVRtechnology？______A．Becauseitattractsexpertstocooperate．B．Becauseithasalargeoverseasmarket．C．Becausey

oungcustomershaveinterestinit．D．Becauseithaschangedhowtoteachandlearn．14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fus

ion''inthelastparagraphreferto？______A．researchB．processC．combinationD．type15．Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage？______A．ChinaIsLeadingth

eWayintheWorldB．VRTechnologyDevelopmentinChinaC．5GTechnology：ChinaMovesAheadQuicklyD．TheBrightFutureofVRinDiverseFields【答案】

12．B13．C14．C15．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了2019年世界虚拟现实产业大会表明，虚拟现实技术实际上可以在任何领域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。虚拟现实在各个领域的前景光明。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段The2019WorldConferenc

eonVRIndustryshowsthatVirtualReality（VR）technologycanbeusedtorevolutionizepeople'sexperiencesinpracticallyanyfield．2019年世界虚拟现实产业大会表明，虚拟现实技术实

际上可以在任何领域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。可知今年的世界会议说明了虚拟现实技术可以改变人们的生活建议。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段Thepopularityofthetechnologyamongyounger

generationsofusersguaranteesalargepotentialmarket，saidGuoPing，representativeofHuawei．这项技术在年轻一代用户中的普及保证了一个巨大的潜在市场，代表华为的郭

平说。可知郭平对虚拟现实技术充满信心因为年轻顾客对它感兴趣。故选C。14．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段Eightisauniquefusionofmusic，theater，VRtechnologyandvisualart，inwhichaudiencememberswearVRheads

etstowalkthroughandmanipulateanequipment．八是音乐、剧院、虚拟现实技术和视觉艺术的独特融合，观众戴着虚拟现实耳机通过和操作设备。可知fusion意为―组合‖。故选C。15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作

者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了2019年世界虚拟现实产业大会表明，虚拟现实技术实际上可以在任何领域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。虚拟现实在各个领域的前景光明。所以可知这篇文章最好的标题是―虚拟现实在各个领域的光明前景‖。故选D。10.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】Ha

sthevolumeinarestaurantevermadeyoufinishyourmealearly?Ifso,you'renotalone.Restaurantshandledinersinvariouswaystoinfluencefoodchoicesan

dconsumption,fromlightingtomenutoserverpresentation.Unfortunatelyforthoseheadache-pronerestaurantgoers,somep

lacesalsochoosetoturnupthetunesandthebackgroundnoise.ChefMarioBataliisoftenblamedforthephenomenonofveryloudornoisyrestaur

antsinthe1990s,whenhedecidedtofloodthediningroomwiththesameloudtuneshewasplayinginhiskitchen.Andotherchefsfollowedsuit.Someresta

urateursfelta"livelier"atmosphereencouragedmorecustomerstodinethere,andaside"benefit"wasquickertableturnover,thusincreasingthenumberofpeoplewhoco

ulddineinaspecificevening.A1985studyoutofFairfieldUniversitylookedathowchewingspeedvariedaccordingtothetypeofmusicbeingplayed.Altho

ughthevolumelevelwaskeptthesameforbothmusicalsituations,it'simportanttonotethatfast-tempo(节奏)musicoftengivestheimpressionofbeinglouderthanslowerm

usic."Asignificantincreaseinthenumberofbitesperminutewasfound,andtheeffectwaslargestforfastmusic,"theresearcherswroteinthestudy.So,thefaster,loudermu

sicgetspeopletodowntheirfoodmorequickly,relievingthetableforfuturecustomers.Thereareopinionsaboutwhetherornotth

isisasoundpractice."Arestaurantthatplacesprofitabovediningexperienceoftenplaysloudmusicwithafasttempo

thatputsdinersunderpressuretoeatmorequickly,evenifthatmeansthey'relessabletoenjoytheirmeal,"writesDr.NeelBurtoninPsychologyTod

ay,addingthatloud,fastmusicreducesappetite.What'smore,somewould-berepeatdinerswillshyawayforfearofanotherverylou

dmeal.Thenon-profitgroupActiononHearingLossfoundina2016surveyofnearly1,500peoplethat91%ofthosewhoviewarestaurantastoonoisywouldchoosen

ottoreturn.4．Whydidsomebossesoftherestaurantsfavourloudmusic?A．Itmighthelpattractmorecustomers.B．Itwasthefavoritekindofmu

sicofthem.C．Itmadetherestaurantssofterandsweeter.D．Itcouldincreasethepopularityoftheirchefs.5．Whatplaysthemost

importantroleintheeffectofmusicondinersaccordingtothepassage?A．Itscontent.B．Itslength.C．Itsspeed.D．Itsquality.6．WhatisDr.NeelBurton'sa

ttitudetowardsfloodingrestaurantswithnoisymusic?A．Doubtful.B．Disapproving.C．Positive.D．Objective.7．Whatcouldbeasuitabletilefort

hetext?A．WhatPeopleThinkofLoudRestaurants?B．AreCustomerstoBlame?C．HowRestaurantsImproveThemselves?D．DoesLoud

MusicReallyBenefitRestaurants?【答案】4．A5．C6．B7．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。如今很多饭店都喜欢播放响亮的音乐，响亮的音乐可以提高顾客的就餐速度，但却会因此失掉大

部分潜在的顾客。4．细节理解题。由第二段中的Somerestaurateursfelta"livelier"atmosphereencouragedmorecustomerstodinethere,andaside"benefit"wasquickerta

bleturnover,thusincreasingthenumberofpeoplewhocoulddineinaspecificevening.（一些餐馆老板认为―更活跃‖的气氛鼓励了更多的顾客，且另一个―好处‖是更快的餐桌周转，从而

增加了在特定的晚上就餐的人数。）可知，餐馆老板喜欢响亮的音乐是因为这可能有助于吸引更多的顾客。故选A项。5．细节理解题。由第三段中的―Althoughthevolumelevelwaskeptthesam

eforbothmusicalsituations,it'simportanttonotethatfast-tempo(节奏)musicoftengivestheimpressionofbeinglouderthanslowermusic.(尽管两种音乐

环境下的音量水平保持不变，但要注意的是，快节奏音乐通常给人的印象是比慢节奏的音乐声音大。)‖可知，速度在音乐对就餐者的影响中起着最重要的作用。故选C项。6．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"Arestaurantthatplacesprofitabovedi

ningexperienceoftenplaysloudmusicwithafasttempothatputsdinersunderpressure10eatmorequickly,evenifthatmeansthey'relessabletoenjoythe

irmeal,"writesDr.NeelBurtoninPsychologyToday,addingthatloud,fastmusicreducesappetite.(NeelBurton博士在《今日心理学》杂志上写道：―一家把利润放在就餐体验之上的餐厅，经常以快节奏播放喧闹的音乐，让

食客吃得更快，即使这意味着他们无法享受美食，‖他补充道，响亮、快速的音乐会降低食欲。)可推断出，NeelBurton博士对就餐使用响亮的音乐持反对态度。故选B项。7．主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，本文一、二段从饭店播放音乐开始

说起，后面四段围绕音乐对顾客的影响进行分析并得出：播放响亮的音乐可以提高顾客就餐速度，但会失去大部分潜在顾客，因此文章讲的是―大声的音乐真的有益于餐馆吗？‖。故选D项。