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考点18阅读之说明文（解析版）【命题趋势】说明文在高考中一直处于主导地位，其特点：词汇量和长难句比其他体裁的文章多，学生只要账务相关词汇，熟悉句式句型，基本上不会有问题。以下是近两年真题和模拟试题，学生可以

集中练习。1.【2021年6月浙江卷】Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dog

smayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudyResearcherstrainedagroupof11dogsto

distinguishbetweenimages（图像）ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalfor

thelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheot

herhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchi

ngapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoap

plywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogesimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbased

onasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmea

nsthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.‖"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconclu

dethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLineScience.Atthispoint,itisnot

clearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationap

pearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanych

ancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.28.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.A.distinguishshapesB.mak

esenseofhumanfacesC.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandom

order.B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.C.PicturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferentD.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethelest

.30.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.Amajorlimitationoft

hestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.答案与解析：28.B主旨大意题。根据短文首段的第二句“Dogsmayinxdeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces

,accordingtoanewstudy”可知，一项新的研究表明,狗可能真地可以辨别人的表情是高兴还是愤怒，紧接着后文又详细介绍了研究过程和结论，即狗能够识别人的表情，且倒数第二段的“Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethat

atleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfaciallexpressions”一句明确给出了结论。故选B项。29.C细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theresearchersthentest

edthedogs"abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotallydiffer

entfromtheonesusedintraining”可知，研究者给狗展示了与以往训练完全不同的人脸(或图片)的另一部分。故选C项。30.B主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“...whydogsseemtobeequippe

dwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhurmans”可知最后一段解释了为什么看起来狗具备识别人类表情的能力，也就是为什么会有这样的实验研究结论。故选B项。2.【2021年全国甲

卷】PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,

shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,espe

ciallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:―Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydeligh

tedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,S

olio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ih

avenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.‖Theadorablefemalecalfisthesec

ondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.Thefir

strhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmother

wereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationha

sdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa―criticallyendangered‖status.4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A

.Costly.B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.D.Successful.5.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother.

B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.SheisingoodconditionD.Sheissensitivetoheat.6.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSoli

oandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.D.Theywerebr

oughttothereserveyoung7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumb

eroftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildare

as.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。【4题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段―shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve(她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑

犀牛)‖以及文章倒数第二段―Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.(他的母亲、祖母和

曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)‖可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第二段―She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.(她很健康，很强壮，已经

渴望玩耍和探索了)‖可知，PaulBeer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第一段―WhenthetinvcreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecame

the40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.(1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)‖以及文章倒数第二段―ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5t

ofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.(1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在PortLympne，体重约为32公斤)‖可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。

故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段―itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判断这些小犀牛是否会成

为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)‖可推知，PonLympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。3.【2021年全国乙卷】TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenp

ouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandco

ntinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycompa

redwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottom

entionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandcomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;go

nearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlasl

istsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillf

unctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,PyongyangD.P.R.Korea.Capacity:150

,000.Opened:May1,1989.·MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.·BeaverStadium,Stat

eCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capa

city:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:Septembe

r24,1927.21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944.B.107,601.C.About150,000.D.About250,000.22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichi

stheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.23.Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?A.Theyhostbiggames.B.The

yhavebecometouristattractions.C.TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.D.Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上著名的

大型竞技场的基本情况。目前这些竞技场仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句―However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus

,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.‖(然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫。)可知，CircusMaximus的可以容纳250,000人。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的―OhioStadium,

Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.OpenedOctober7,1922.‖(美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年10月7日开业。)及其他四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍

可知，OhioStadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文中―Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingth

ebiggesteventsinworldsport.‖(所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事。故选A项。4.【2021年全国乙卷】Whenalmos

teveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysyou’dbehard

pressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicall

yeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquart

er（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rek

eepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomef

allsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationY

sstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I

’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoner

atherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepo

intwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlon

guntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidep

opularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―concede‖inparagraph3mean?A.Admi

t.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepus

inglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itrema

insafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解

析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段―Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustralia

overtheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmake

andreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.(现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)‖可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文―O

fthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)‖可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文―it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepi

ngitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定电话并不是必须的，他们

将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)‖可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了

固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词―concede‖意为―承认‖。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段―84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.

(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)‖以及文章第五段―Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents(也就是说，老

实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)‖可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段―Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlo

nguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)‖可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧

面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。5.【2021年全国乙卷】You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemse

veryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,

forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled―Strawpocalypse,‖

apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeit

sfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansth

ebiggestsource（来源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandwei

ght,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,the

strawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecificstatistic:Every60secon

ds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled―TruckloadofPlastic,‖VonWongandagroupofv

olunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（倾倒

）fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.28.WhatareVonWong’sartworksin

tendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageont

hebeach.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehis

viewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.30.Whateffectwould―TruckloadofPlastic‖haveonviewers?A.Calming.B.D

isturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.Me

diaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptu

res【答案】28.C29.A30.C31.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此

外他在2018的一件作品―TruckloadofPlastic‖说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。VonWong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段―Butdoesoneplasticstrawor

cupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplastic

garbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术

家本杰明·冯·王（BenjaminVonWong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)‖可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是

为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段―Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butt

hey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycanno

tberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,the

strawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自

只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)‖可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二

段―Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofp

lasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled―TruckloadofPlastic,‖VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,w

hichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(VonWong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为

―一卡车塑料‖的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)‖可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认

知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事―耳目一新‖。故选C项。【31题详解】标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段―Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutok

nowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料

杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(BenjaminVonWong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)‖和倒数第二段―Inapieceform2018,VonWongwan

tedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled―TruckloadofPlastic,‖Vo

nWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatru

ckallatonce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(VonWong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为―一卡车塑料‖的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然

后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)‖可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(BenjaminVonWong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项

―海洋塑料变成雕塑‖符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。6.【2021年全国乙卷】Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoye

dbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,―That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanf

ocus‖.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapp

roachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywer

erandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝）,70decibel

s,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgr

oup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,th

ismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibe

lsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingabilit

y.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmak

ingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof―distractedfocus‖appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropen

offices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’ret

ryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreative

process,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.32.

Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencourage

sface-to-faceinteractions.33.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A.Totalsilence

.B.50decibelsC.70decibels.D.85decibels.34.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A.Personalprivacyunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.C.R

estrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions.35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.He’sanewsreporter.B.He’sanofficemanager.C.

He’saprofessionaldesigner.D.He’sapublishedwriter.【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们

的创造性思维的研究。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段―That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet-soIcanfocus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我

就可以集中精力了。）‖可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段―Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupsweresta

tisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatt

erinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明

显好于其他组。）‖和第三段―Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgrou

ndnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence-mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可

能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）‖可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段―Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproble

mmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearc

hersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovid

esacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻

止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）‖可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，

受到很多干扰。故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段―Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.（在一次采访我的一

本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）‖可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。7.【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmer

ica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,itto

oktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatt

hehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhous

etheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasi

nglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct

,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.―Ding‖Dar

ling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasD

irectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresour

ces.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclus

ionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocom

e.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbee

ncalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthA

merica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderline

dword―decimate‖meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.The

stamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.31.Whichofthefollowing

isasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunti

ng【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的

部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段―Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfow

lhabitat.‖可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据前一句―NativeAmericansha

dtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.‖可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的―Unfortunately‖可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈

述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是―破坏‖。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Distribute分配。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。

根据最后一段―Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.‖可知

，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减

，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。8.【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】Popularizationhasinsome

caseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intellingence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenc

easalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand―peo

pleskills.‖Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligenc

e.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.

Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentia

lvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotio

nalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebenef

icialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployer

s,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-eva

luatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofem

otionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemot

ion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotional

intelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintellige

nce?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itre

ferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention―doctor‖and―cheater‖inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresenta

fact.D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsfo

rfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研

究的期望。【32题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第一段―Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities(研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)‖可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。【33

题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段―Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermi

ghtuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.(医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)‖可推知，作者在文章第二段中

提到―医生‖和―骗子‖是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第三段―theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebe

enmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣传的总体效果

一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)‖可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。【3

5题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段―wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecad

es,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。

我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)‖可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。9.【2021年1月浙江卷】Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatk

insmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheigh

twereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000step

sshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasasl

owas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayf

ortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallya

deprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities(机会)forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitie

stowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onl

ytomeetwitha―good‖,quicklyfollowedby―I’mhungry‖.Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson’sdaycome

sout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschoo

l-busroutes(路线),withdaysofregular,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesa

littleplanning—runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones—butit’scertainlyworth

trying.24.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins’predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupporth

erargument.D.Toprovideexamples.25.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren’sphysicalactivity?A.Plainlaziness.

B.Healthproblems.C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.26.Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?A.She

cangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.C.Shecanhelpwithherson’sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.答案与解析24.B推理判断题根据第一段最后一句Buth

ewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.和第二段可知，作者通过这个美国人的预言，引出如今青少年缺乏锻炼导致过度肥胖这个主题。25.C事实细节题根据第三段Familiesarepressedfortime...

livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.可知，父母因生活压力忙于工作，缺乏时间，导致青少年锻炼不够。题干中的decrease和文中第三段的decline是同义转述，答案la

ckoftime和文中第三段的arepressedfortime是同义转述。26.D事实细节题根据倒数第二段Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson’sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshi

panditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.可知，作者在陪伴儿子散步时得知了他对友谊的理解等内心想法，让作者对儿子有了进一步的了解。10.【2021

年1月浙江卷】Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommu

nicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha―vocabulary‖of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinU

ganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatth

iswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydel

iberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.―That’swhat’ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,‖shesaid.―They’retheonlythingthatlook

slikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.‖Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromano

theranimal’scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasig

nificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichthey

wishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signalling:―Climbonme.‖Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsont

oitsmother’sbackandtheytravelofftogether.―Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outtherethat

ismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat’snotuniquetohumans,‖saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionar

ybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,she

added,theresultswere―alittledisappointing‖.―Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunic

ate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,‖shesaid.―Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatot

heranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.‖27.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter

?A.Memorizingspecificwords.B.Understandingcomplexinformation.C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.28.Whatdid

DrShultzthinkofthestudy?A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunrelia

ble.D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―gulf‖inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.

Connection.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthroughB.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunic

ationskillsC.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdomD.Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated答案与解析27.D事实细节题根据人名DrHobaiter定位到文章第

二段，再根据Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.可知，DrHobaite

r认为黑猩猩和人类的相似之处是有目的地传递信息。28.B事实细节题根据人名DrShultz定位到文章第六段，再根据...saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknow

ledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere―alittledisappointing‖.可知，DrShultz认为这项研究值得称赞，但研究成果有限。29.A词义猜测题根据M

oreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非语

言方式传达的含义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此意为“差异”。30.D主旨大意题文章第一句即点明主旨，研究人员表明，他们已经破译出野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。11.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfee

llikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschang

edyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrere

adingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutt

hepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreade

r.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sA

MoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookin

gbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnot

hing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventome

asgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkist

hehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthat

hastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B.It’sawind

owtoawholenewworld.C.It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25.W

hatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A.It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C.It’

sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.Helovespoetry.B.He’saneditor.C

.He’sveryambitious.D.Heteachesreading.【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读

书籍。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句―Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是

使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)‖和第二段―Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.

(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)‖可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段―Publishedin1964,it’shisclassi

cmemoirof1920sParis.‖及―anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime‖可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日

子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中―whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,

(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)‖可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，―rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.‖意为―但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报‖

，由此判断出划线词的意思是―回报‖。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段―ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:诗歌

精选》，因为诗歌)‖可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。12.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilem

ostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventatt

heSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srule

srequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroun

datalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienc

eatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapace

ofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfew

erthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasm

uchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewal

kers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinju

riesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestres

sontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyone

wishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.28.

Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatsw

ingingtheirlegs.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinb

odybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalk

ing?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexerci

ses.31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【答案】28.C29.D30.A3

1.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段―Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’

skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.‖可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此

可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段―Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasr

unner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.‖可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据

最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话―Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracerto

learnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)‖可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。【31题详解】推理

判断题。根据第一段―Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewe

rinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.‖可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是

客观的。故选B项。13.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recen

tstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,emp

loyeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachuse

ttsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Th

eseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemic

alsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explained

MichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecom

monvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthofth

eamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inth

efuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlastthep

lant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetot

alelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetl

ampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.32.Whati

sthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenp

lants.33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A.Todetectplants’lackofwater.B.Tochangecompositi

onsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupene

rgyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplan

ts.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsre

placelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明

这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasoftheci

tyexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithho

useplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Th

eseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传

感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdista

nceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetot

alelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetl

ampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常

远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，

指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项―发光的植物能取代路灯吗？‖最符合文章标题。故选C。14.【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelpthei

rchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentiny

oungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbettersp

atialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educa

tionandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.―Thechildre

nwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,‖Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentsten

dedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boyst

endedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.The

findingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence.B.D

evelopingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesign

ingherexperiment？A.Parents’age.B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education.D.Child-parentrelationship.26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzle

play?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtough

erpuzzles.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.【答案】24.B25.C2

6.D27.B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspati

alskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplay

wasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationan

dtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收

入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywit

hmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他

们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学

研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。15.【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyour

mind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).Unusu

alfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave（showcased）nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.―Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefu

r-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear‖,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.Nutriawere

broughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.―Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物种）.It’sdestroyingth

eenvironment.It’sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate

1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvi

ncepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjob

thesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，―Togivepeopleaguilt-f

reeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.‖D

esignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyaccepta

ble.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrle

ansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.2

9.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutria

areillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―collapsed‖inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.

C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal.B.It’srisky.C.It’sharmful.D.It’st

raditional.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏

生态平衡表示了担忧。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.―It

soundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,‖saysCreeMcCr

ee,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：―除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情

‖，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcer

nedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriainchec

kfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在2

0世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crash

ed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,―Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sg

oingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.‖得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。16.【2020年全国卷Ⅲ】W

earetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesof

humanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnort

hernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadapt

ation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthe

sepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they

’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.―Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiire

searcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.They

madealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.―

Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabou

ttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.―Itseemedliketheperfectcha

ncefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.32.Wha

tdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recent

findingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theyl

ivedonbothlandandwater.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders’SurvivalSkill

sC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld’sBestDivers【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经

进化成更能适应海洋生活。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeper

intoourgenes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当

科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B.Newknowledgeofhumanev

olution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines

.Theyhavetraditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstiltsincoastalwaters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。

他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D.Offthecoast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的weweresoamaz

edthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人

能在水下待更长的时间。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.(他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepu

blishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应—

—不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.(身体为适应海

洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。17.【2020年新高考卷Ⅰ】AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsu

mptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingw

ithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）,it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofso

cialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividua

llyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedto

helpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalft

hecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortook

alargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksi

gnificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesn

ackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbut

tooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhen

we'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe―I’llhavewhatshe'shaving‖effect.However,we'lladjusttheinf

luence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifa

thinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?12.Whatistherecentstudymainlya

bout?（）A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1refer

to?（）A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.14.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?（）A.Toseehowshewo

uldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightd

own.15.Onwhatbasisdowe"adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?（）A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveo

thers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述

了这个实验的过程。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的―AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanion

scaninfluenceourfoodintake‖可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据前半句―Andcontraryto

existingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）‖可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一

起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相

反。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的―Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments‖可知，为了

测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此

推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的―Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseeth

eresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?‖可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果

。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。18.【2020年7月浙江卷】Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader

,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheon

esthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright（剧作家）ho

pestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointo

utthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingab

outtheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poig

nantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility（多面性）oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevision

play.Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTenne

sseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothetheater.Moreinformationabouttheplaywrightswillb

efoundattheendofthisbook.Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,there

ader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim（变暗）.Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouth

estory.21.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays.B.Hehasadeeploveforth

etheater.C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor.D.Helikesreadingshortplaystoothers.22.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?A.Statingtheplay

s’centralideas.B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.C.Includingvarioustypesofplays.D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.23.Whatdoestheauthorsugge

streadersdowhilereadingtheplays?A.Controltheirfeelings.B.Applytheiractingskills.C.Usetheirimagination.D.Keeptheiraudienceinmind.24.Whatisthistex

t?A.Ashortstory.B.Anintroductiontoabook.C.Aplayreview.D.Anadvertisementforatheater.【语篇导航】【答案详解】21.B细节理解题【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Iamanactiveplayg

oerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothe

rs.‖可知，作者不仅是一个戏剧的读者，还是一个戏剧爱好者，他写这本书的目的就是更广大读者分享自己对戏剧的热爱。文中并未提及作者是剧作家或者是演员或者是作者喜欢跟大家读剧本这件事，A、C、D项排除；故选B。2

2.A细节理解题【解题思路】根据第二段第三句―Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,

indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.‖可知，作者并未打算将每本剧本的中心思想罗列在书

中。故选A。23.C细节理解题【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句―Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.‖可知，作者给读者在阅读这本

书时提出的建议就是尝试身临其境，在脑海中想象一下戏剧正在上演的场景。故选C。24.B推理判断题【解题思路】本文第一段讲述了作者的写作目的，第二段讲述了做这些这本书的手法、方法，第三段讲述了作者这部作品的内容，最后一段

作者给读者提出了读书时的建议，因此本文在介绍一本书。故选B。19.【2020年7月浙江卷】ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon’tflashthesamelengthofgree

ntwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9：30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9：33am,aburstofad

ditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9：37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesign

alschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcity,justeastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundth

eUS：intersection（十字路口）signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignifi

cantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.―Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdema

ndthatisthereisbeingaddressed,‖saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure

-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbepart

icularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameani

ngfuldifference.―It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,‖hesays.InBellev

ue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:just

widentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartment’strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrun

smarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―that‖inparagraph2referto?A.Increas

edlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.26.WhatdoesKevinBalkesayabo

utadaptivesignals?A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.B.Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtraffi

contheroad.D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.27.WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue’ssuccess?A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthing

s.B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C.Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.【答案详解】25.C推理判断题【解题思路】根据第二段第一句，即划线词所在句

“Thatisbydesign‖可知，that指代的事情是有意设计的，因此定位到第一段“Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.”即信号灯变化的时间是可以灵活改变的，精心设计的。故选C

。26.D细节理解题【解题思路】根据第四段第二、三句―KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute

,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsonth

eroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.―It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercit

ies,‖hesays.‖可知，智能信号灯只在部分城市（小型城市）解决交通堵塞问题中有效果，对于交通堵塞情况严重的城市没什么作用。故选D。27.A推理判断题【解题思路】最后一段―InBellevue,t

heswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.‖可知，能学到的经验教训就是积极采纳（welcome）新的

方法解决问题是很有价值的。故选A。20.【2020年7月浙江卷】Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmigh

thelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeip

ziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsth

roughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethes

amesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognit

ive（认知）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescien

tistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.―Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,‖saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.―Afteralong

run,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeel

tired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.‖It’snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,fo

rexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And―runningafamilyhouseholdrequi

reshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（协调）,‖shesays.―Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.‖Ofcourse,ourbr

ainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentally

andkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheir

healthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThene

xplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords.B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstu

dy.D.Byintroducingaconcept.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.Ol

dPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【答案详

解】28.D细节理解题【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthete

sts.‖可知，科学家们做这项实验的目的是研究人们的心理，而不是身体健康状况、工作习惯以及人格个性。故选D。29.B细节理解题【解题思路】根据第四段第一句―Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise‖可知，Then是通过比较体育运动来解释她的发现。故选B。30.

C主旨大意题【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking，planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharp

asyouage”以及最后一段最后一句―Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.‖可知，具有挑战性的工作能帮助我们保持大脑健康，这也是贯穿全文的主旨句。文章通过阐释

实验研究、引用权威话语等方式都是围绕“有难度的工作能保持大脑敏锐”展开的。故选C。21.【2020年1月浙江卷】Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroads

ice-free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,likemozzarella.Wisconsin,alsocall

ed―America’sDairyland,‖isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear!Asaresult,therewa

salotofleftovercheesebrine.Disposingof(处置)thebrinecanbeexpensive.Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?Normally,townsuserocksalttode-ices

treets.Thesaltlowerswater’sfreezingpoint,causingicetomelt(融化).Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavemoney,whilekeep

ingroadssafe.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater’sfreezingpoint.Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecoul

dalsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.Rocksaltismadeofsodiumchloride,th

esamecompound(化合物)inordinarytablesalt.Soundsharmless,right?Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,roadcrewsspreadabout20million

tonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!Thechemicalwashesoffroadsandgoesintotheground.Thereitcanpollutedrinkingwa

ter,harmplants,andeatawaysoil.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt,Milwaukeemaybeabletocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.Cheeseb

rinehasadownsidetoo—asmellsimilartothatofbadmilk.―Idon’treallymindit,‖EmilNorbytoldModernFarmermagazine.HeworksforoneofWisconsin’sco

untyhighwaycommissionsandcameupwiththeideaofusingcheesebrine.―OurroadssmelllikeWisconsin!‖hesaid.24.Whycancheesebrinehelpkeepwinterroadsice-free?A.It

issoft.B.Itcontainssalt.C.Itiswarm.D.Ithasmilkinit.25.Whatisabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads?A.Improv

ingairquality.B.Increasingsalesofrocksalt.C.Reducingwaterpollution.D.Savingthecheeseindustry.26.Milwaukee’

snewwaytode-icestreetsmaybeanexampleof______.A.barkingupthewrongtreeB.puttingthecartbeforethehorseC.robbingPetertopayPaulD.killingtwobird

swithonestone答案与解析24.B事实细节题根据第三段Normally,townsuserocksalttode-icestreets...Cheesebrinehassaltinit可知，奶酪盐水含有盐，可以化冰。25.C推理判断题根据第四段c

heesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption及第六段itcanpollutedrinkingwater可知，用岩盐化冰看似无污染，实际却污染饮用水，而奶酪盐水更环保，可减少水污染

。26.D推理判断题根据第二段Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine及第四段Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecould

alsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption.可知威斯康星州有很多剩余的奶酪盐水，EmilNorby想出了用这些剩余的奶酪盐水来给道路除冰的主意，既解决了剩余的奶酪盐水问题，节约开支，同时也环保，可谓一举两得。22.【2020年北京卷

】BaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK—andpotentiallytheworld—tojointhefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpol

lutantlevelsneartheground.Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Hermonitorhasshownthat

airpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofde

velopinglungproblems.Conventionalairpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsataboutninefeetintheair.However,sinceBaggystandsataboutth

esameheightasachildinapushchair（婴儿车）,shefrequentlyrecordspollutionlevelswhicharemuchhigherthanthedatagatheredby

theEnvironmentAgency.ThedoggydataresearchwastheideaofBaggy's13-vea-oldownerTomHuntandhisdadMatt.TheEnglishyoungsternoticedthatpollutionle

velsarearoundtwo-thirdshigherclosetothegroundthantheyareintheairattheheightwheretheyarerecordedbytheagency.Tomhassincerepo

rtedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.MattHuntsaidhewas

"veryproud"ofhissonbecause―whentheboygetsanidea,hekeepshisheaddownandgetsonwithit,andhereallydoeswanttodosomegoodandstopyoungkidsfromg

ettingasthma."―Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.―Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小装置）.Aboutoneyea

rago,hegotthisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,whyd

on'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution？'Sowedidit."Tomsaid,"Mostofthetime,Baggyisjustlikeanyotherdog.Butfortherestofthetim

esheisasuperdog,andweareallreallyproudofher."34.Withamonitoronhercollar,Baggycan____________.（）A.takepollutantreadingsB.recor

dpollutantlevelsC.processcollecteddataD.reduceairpollution35.WhatcanwelearnfromtheBaggydata?（）A.Highplacesarefreeofairpollution.B.Higherpus

hchairsaremoreriskyforkids.C.Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.D.Airismorepollutedclosertotheground.36.WhatisTom'spurposeofdoingther

esearch?（）A.Towanofahealthrisk.B.Tofindoutpollutionsources.C.Totesthisnewmonitor.D.ToproveBaggy'sabilities.37.A

ccordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeTomHunt?（）A.Modest.B.Generous.C.Creative.D.Outgoing.本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的

孩子TomHunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。【34题详解】细节理解题。本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器

，Baggy可以„。根据文章第二段Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Baggy在她的衣领上戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地

方进行数据测量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平。故答案为B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Baggy收集到数据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsareh

igherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelop

inglungproblems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答案为D项。【36题详解】推理判断题。本题题干意为：进行这项研究Tom的意图是？根据文章第四段Tomhassincereport

edtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasizethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强

调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。【37题详解】推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨特?根据文章倒数第二段“Tombuiltupapassionforenvi

ronmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.“Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小装置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttub

e.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution？'Sowedidit."汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保

护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品(小装置)。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他说，为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做了。可知Tom是非常的有创造力的。故

答案为C项。1.【2021届湖南省教育联合体高三7月联考】Theycallitthe―ruleof150‖.Ananthropologist(人类学家)calledRobinDunbarmadeastudyof21differen

tprimitivesocieties.Hefoundthattheyalllivedinvillagesofaround150people.Thenheaskedpeoplelivinginmoderncitiestomakealistofallthepeopletheykne

wwellenoughtotalkto.Eachofthemmadealistofaround150people.Manyofushaveleftvillagelifebehind.Buttheidea

ofthevillagehasnotleftus.Otherstudiesofbusinessesandarmyunitshaveshownthatwhenpeopleareforcedintogroupsofover150theybecomeinefficient.T

herearejusttoomanypeoplearoundtocommunicatewitheffectively.Italsoseemsthatwhenourpersonal―villages‖b

ecometoosmall,peoplefeellonely.Weneedotherpeopletohelpus.Manypeopleseelifeasakindofjourney.Astheytravelthe

ypickupthingstheyneed.Thesearefriends,afamilyandjobs.Thisisanarrowwayoflookingatthings.Itdoesnotexplainwhypeoplewhogetgoodjobsandbecomeric

hareoftenunhappy.Usingthe―ruleof150‖,wecanseethingsdifferently.Insteadofbeingalonelytraveler,youaretheheadofyourown

village.Youareresponsibleforeverypartofvillagelife.Gettingagoodjobhelpswiththe―economicdevelopmentofyourvillage.But

youalsoneedtopayattentiontothesocialharmonyofyourvillage.Manypeoplethinkthathappinessisaboutwinningarace.Thewinnergetsagr

eatjob,aperfectfamilyandalotofmoney.Thelosershouldexpecttobeunhappy.The―ruleof150‖teachesusthathappinessc

omeswithgettingtherightbalanceofrelationshipinourlives.Inacompetitivesocietyitiseasytojudgepeopleaccordingtothekindofjobtheyhaveorhowmuchmoneytheym

ake.Infact,weareallthebossofourownvillages.Thisisadifficultjob.Itisworthyofyourrespect.24．Whatdoesthefigu

re―150‖relateto?A．Thesizeofagroup.B．Thenumberofgroups.C．Theamountofwork.D．Thenumberofprimitivesocieties.25．Whatistheauth

or’sopinionabout―seeinglifeasakindofjourney‖?A．Itonlyreferstorichpeople.B．Itdoesn’tincludevillagelife.C．Itcan’tcoverallpossibilitiesinl

ife.D．Itmaybringaboutunhappiness.26．Whatdoyoudoastheheadofyourownvillage?A．Takealongjourneywiththeothervillagers.B．Competeagainstotherstoachievehap

piness.C．Usethe―ruleof150‖toimprovethevillagelife.D．Dealproperlywiththepeopleandthingsaroundyou.27．Whatisthe―ruleof150‖discussedinthetextmai

nlyabout?A．Thejourneyoflife.B．Relationshipinone’slife.C．Thewaytolookatthings.D．Thecompetitivesociety.【答案】24．A25．C26．D27．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了―

150法则‖，这个法则是出于对企业和军队的研究表明，当人们被强迫进入150人以上的群体时，他们的效率就会降低。周围有太多的人，无法有效沟通。当我们个人的―村庄‖变得太小时，人们似乎感到孤独。我们需要别人的帮助

。使用―150法则‖，我们可以看到不同的事情。―150法则‖告诉我们，在生活中正确平衡人际关系，幸福就会随之而来。24．细节理解题。根据第一段Theycallitthe―ruleof150‖.Ananthropologi

st(人类学家)calledRobinDunbarmadeastudyof21differentprimitivesocieties.Hefoundthattheyalllivedinvillagesofaround150people.Thenheaskedpeoplelivinginmod

erncitiestomakealistofallthepeopletheyknewwellenoughtotalkto.Eachofthemmadealistofaround150people.Manyofushaveleftvillagelifebehind.Buttheideaof

thevillagehasnotleftus.可知他们称之为―150法则‖。人类学家RobinDunbar研究了21个不同的原始社会。他发现他们都住在人口约150人的村庄里。然后，他让住在现代城市的人们列出一张表，上面列有所有他们很熟悉、可以

交谈的人。他们每人列出了一份大约150人的名单。我们许多人已经离开了乡村生活。但是村庄的概念并没有离开我们。由此可知，数字―150‖与一个群体的大小有关。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据第三段中Thisisanarrowwayofl

ookingatthings.Itdoesnotexplainwhypeoplewhogetgoodjobsandbecomerichareoftenunhappy.可知这是一种狭隘的看待事物的方式。这并不能解释为什么那些找到好工作并变得富有的人往往不快乐。由此可知，对于―视人生为一种旅程‖，作

者认为它不能涵盖生活中的所有可能性。故选C。26．推理判断题。根据第四段中Insteadofbeingalonelytraveler,youaretheheadofyourownvillage.Youareresponsibleforeverypartofvi

llagelife.Gettingagoodjobhelpswiththe―economicdevelopmentofyourvillage.Butyoualsoneedtopayattentiontothesocialharmonyofyourvillage.可知你不是

一个孤独的旅行者，你是你自己村庄的领袖。你要对乡村生活的方方面面负责。找到一份好工作有助于你所在村庄的经济发展。但你也需要注意你所在村庄的社会和谐。由此可推知，作为村长，你应该正确处理你周围的人和事。故选D。27．推理判断题。根据第二段Otherstudieso

fbusinessesandarmyunitshaveshownthatwhenpeopleareforcedintogroupsofover150theybecomeinefficient.Therearejusttoomanypeoplearoundtocommunicatewi

theffectively.Italsoseemsthatwhenourpersonal―villages‖becometoosmall,peoplefeellonely.Weneedotherpeopletohelpus.可知其他对企业和军队的研究表明，当人们被强迫进入150人以上的群体时，他

们的效率就会降低。周围有太多的人，无法有效沟通。当我们个人的―村庄‖变得太小时，人们似乎感到孤独。我们需要别人的帮助。以及倒数第二段中The―ruleof150‖teachesusthathappinesscomeswithgettingtherightbalanceofr

elationshipinourlives.可知―150法则‖告诉我们，在生活中正确平衡人际关系，幸福就会随之而来。由此可推知，文章中讨论的―150规则‖主要是关于生活中的关系的。故选B。2.【2021届广西钦州市第一中学高三开学摸底】Antiox

idants(抗氧化剂)incoffeearethoughttohelpprotectagainststroke—buttoomuchmustraisebloodpressure,whichincreasestherisk,accordingtoJapanesere

searchers.Similarly,greenteacouldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingevent,causedwhenabloodvessel(血管)inorservingthebrainisblocked.Th

estudylookedatthedrinkinghabitsofmorethan83,000healthyadults,aged45to74,whosehealthwastrackedfor13yearsonaverage.Theyfoundthatpeople

whodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabouta20percentlowerriskofstroke,comparedtothosewhorarelydrankit.T

ogetanequaleffect,aboutfourcupsofgreenteaadaywererequired.Allresultswereadjustedtotakeintoaccountdiffer

encesbetweenthegroupsinagecomposition,gender,smoking,alcohol,weight,dietandexercise.Dr.YoshihiroKokubo,leadauthorofthest

udy,publishedinthejournalStroke,said,―Theregularactionofdrinkingteaandcoffee,largelybenefitscardiovascular(心脏血管的)healt

h.‖Theirresultsforcoffeeweresimilartothatof―studyofstudies‖,presentedataEuropeanconference,whichfoundthatonetothreecupsadaywasassociatedwitha1

4percentreduction.Forthreetosixcups,thereappearedtobeasimilarbutweakerassociation,buttherewasnobenefitfromdrinkingsixormore.Exactlywhycoff

eeandgreenteaappearstolowerstrokeriskisunclear,althoughantioxidantsarethoughttobeatwork.However,thescienceisbynomeanscutanddried.Caffeineraisesb

loodpressure,andtherehavebeenindicationsthattoomuchcoffeecanraisestrokeriskbecauseofthis.Dr.DaleWebb,fromtheStrokeAssoci

ationsaid,―Wewelcomethisstudywhichsuggeststhatthebenefitsofantioxidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoffsetthepotentia

lharmfromcaffeine.‖Hethought,theresultsshowhigherconsumptionofgreenteaandcoffeemightreducetherisksofstroke.―Wewouldliketoseefurtherresearc

htounderstandthesefindings,‖hesaid.28．Whatmayleadtoastrokeaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Higherbloodpressure.B．Drinkingac

upofcoffeeaday.C．Blockedbloodvesselsinthebrain.D．Antioxidants.29．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thes

tudymainlyfocusesonmiddle-agedpeople.B．Drinkingonecupofcoffeeadaybenefitshealth.C．Thosewhoseldomdrin

kcoffeearehealthier.D．Drinkingteacontributestostroke.30．WhatistheattitudeofDr.DaleWebbtowardthisstudy?A．Hesawmorefi

ndingsofthisstudyunsatisfiedly.B．Heunderstoodthedifficultyofthisstudy.C．Heappreciatedtheachievementsofthisstudy.D

．Hewasdisappointedtofindnofollowingresearch.31．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DrinkingcoffeeraisesbloodpressureB．DrinkingteareducesstrokeC

．DrinkingcoffeeequalsdrinkingteaD．Drinkingteaorcoffeeproperlymatters【答案】28．C29．B30．C31．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。最

近的研究表明，喝咖啡或绿茶可以降低中风的风险。但是，过量饮用也会导致血压升高，因此，要适量饮用咖啡或绿茶。28．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Similarly,greenteacouldalsobebeneficialforpre

ventingtheshockingevent,causedwhenabloodvessel(血管)inorservingthebrainisblocked.可知同样，绿茶也有助于预防中风，这是由于大脑内部或服务于大脑的血管被阻塞

而引起的。由此可知，当大脑中的血管发生堵塞的时候，可能会导致中风。故选C。29．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabouta20percentlowerriskofstr

oke,comparedtothosewhorarelydrankit.可知他们发现，与很少喝咖啡的人相比，每天至少喝一杯咖啡的人患中风的风险要低20%。由此可推断，每天至少喝一杯咖啡对身体健康有好处。

故选B。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Dr.DaleWebb,fromtheStrokeAssociationsaid,―Wewelcomethisstudywhichsuggeststhatthebenefitso

fantioxidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoffsetthepotentialharmfromcaffeine.‖可知中风协会的DaleWebb博士说:―我们欢迎这项研究，它表明咖啡和

绿茶中的抗氧化剂的好处可以抵消咖啡因的潜在危害。‖由此可判断出，DaleWebb医生对这项研究的成果持赞赏态度。故选C。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段Antioxidants(抗氧化剂)incoffeearethoughttohelpprotectagainststroke—buttoomu

chmustraisebloodpressure,whichincreasestherisk,accordingtoJapaneseresearchers.Similarly,greenteacouldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingeven

t,causedwhenabloodvessel(血管)inorservingthebrainisblocked.可知据日本研究人员称，咖啡中的抗氧化剂被认为有助于预防中风，但喝太多咖啡就会导致血压升高

，从而增加中风的风险。同样，绿茶也有助于预防中风，这是由于大脑内部或服务于大脑的血管被阻塞而引起的。结合本文主要讲述最新的研究表明，适当饮用一定量的咖啡或绿茶能降低患中风的风险。故D选项―适当饮用咖啡或茶很重要‖最适合作标题。故选D。3.

【2021届江西省景德镇一中高三8月月考】Whenourancestorswerepeasantsintheearliestdaysofagriculture,thedailyschedulewas:workinfieldallday,eatmidday

mealinfield,continueworkinginfield.Today,aftercenturiesofhumanadvancement,itgoessomethinglike:workincoffeeshopallday,buyandeatlunch

there,continuetoilingawayonlaptopuntilthesunsets.Thoughitmayseemlikethetechboomandgigeconomy(临时工经济)ledthewayinthismodernmobilew

orkstyle,workinganddininghavealwaysbeenintertwined.InmajorcitieslikeNewYork,WashingtonD．C．,SydneyandHongKong,restaurantsarech

angingintoofficialco-workingspacesduringoff-peakhours.Dr.MeganElias,directorofthegastronomyprogramatBostonUniversity,saysfoodandbusinesshavebeenlinke

dsinceasfarbackastheancientSumer(whoestablishedcivilizationasweknowitaround4000B．C．)―Whatwethinkofasstreetfoodh

asalwaysbeenpartofhumancivilization,‖shesays.―Therehavealwaysbeenmarketplaceswherehumanscametogethertoc

onductsomekindofbusiness—liketradinggrain,tradinganimalsorbuildinghouses.Aslongastherehavebeenmarketp

laces,peoplehavebeeneatingatthemwhilealsodoingbusiness.‖Thefirstexampleofabrick-and-mortar―restaurant

‖cameduringthemerchanteconomyinthe15thand16thcenturies,accordingtoElias.DuringthisstageinEuropean,Af

rican,andEastandSouthAsianhistory,innsallowedmerchantbusinessmentorest—andofcourse,eat—throughouttheirtravels.Duringt

hecolonialeraofthe1600sand1700s,concreteexamplesofAmericanrestaurantsemergedas―CoffeeHouses‖.CoffeeHouseswereplacesthathadnewsp

apers,whichatthetimewereverysmallandcommercial,"authorandsocialhistorianJanWhitakerexplains.Coffeehousesremainedtradesmanstaplesthrough

outtheearly19thcentury,withsimplemenuitemslikerollsandmeatpies.More―grandmeals,‖asEliascallsthem,werestilltakingplacewithinhomesfornon-trav

elingfolk.But,whentheU.S.beganindustrializinginthe1840sandpeoplestayednearworkplacesduringtheday,eatinges

tablishmentspoppeduparoundfactories.―Industrializationofthecityisalsorestaurantizationofthecity,‖Eliassays.―P

lacessprunguptoserveabusinesslunchcrowdandanafter-workdiningcrowdagain,stilldoingbusiness.‖8．Howdoestheauthormentionedourance

storsinparagraph1?A．TomakecomparisonsB．Topresentfigures.C．ToraisequestionsD．Togiveexamples9．Whendidrestaurantsbegintoprovide

notonlyeatingbutsheltering?A．around4000B．C．B．inthe15thand16thcenturies.C．Duringthe1600sand1700s.D．Intheearly19thcentury.10

．WhatcanwelearnaboutCoffeehouses?A．Newspaperswereproducedtherefirst.B．Thefoodservedtherewaslimitedatfirst.C．Theywer

eespeciallypopulararoundfactories.D．Itwasaperfectplaceforentertainmentandeating.11．Whatcanbebesttitleofthetext?A．thefunctionofeatingout.B．Thesl

owformationofthemoderncity.C．theevolutionoftherestaurant.D．Theageofmorework,lesseating.【答案】8．A9．B10．B11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文

。文章主要讲述了讲述了餐馆的演变历史。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中Whenourancestorswerepeasantsintheearliestdaysofagriculture,thedailyschedulewas:wor

kinfieldallday,eatmiddaymealinfield,continueworkinginfield.Today,aftercenturiesofhumanadvancement,itgoessomethinglike:workincoffeeshopallday,buy

andeatlunchthere,continuetoilingawayonlaptopuntilthesunsets.在农业发展初期，我们的祖先还是农民的时候，每天的日程是：整天在田间劳作，中午在田间吃饭，继续在田间劳作。今天，经过几个世

纪的人类进步，它是这样的：整天在咖啡馆工作，在那里买和吃午饭，继续用笔记本电脑工作，直到太阳下山。可知，作者是通过比较农业发展初期和今天的工作方式来提到我们的祖先的。故选A项9．细节理解题。根据第三段中Thefirst

exampleofabrick-and-mortar―restaurant‖cameduringthemerchanteconomyinthe15thand16thcenturies,accordin

gtoElias.DuringthisstageinEuropean,African,andEastandSouthAsianhistory,innsallowedmerchantbusinessmentorest—andofco

urse,eat—throughouttheirtravels.据Elias说，第一个实体―餐馆‖出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。在欧洲、非洲、东亚和南亚历史的这一阶段，客栈允许商人在旅途中休息——当然

，也可以吃饭。可知，餐馆是在15和16世纪开始不仅提供吃饭，而且提供住宿。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第四段中Coffeehousesremainedtradesmanstaplesthroughouttheearly19thcentury,withsimplemenuitem

slikerollsandmeatpies.More―grandmeals,‖asEliascallsthem,werestilltakingplacewithinhomesfornon-travelingfolk.在整个19世纪早期，咖啡馆一直是商家的主食，菜单上的菜品

很简单，比如面包卷和肉饼。更多的―大餐‖，正如Elias所说，仍在家里为不旅行的人准备。可知，咖啡馆起初供应的食物有限。故选B项。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中InmajorcitieslikeNewYork

,WashingtonD.C.,SydneyandHongKong,restaurantsarechangingintoofficialco-workingspacesduringoff-peakhours.在纽约、华盛顿特区、悉尼和香港等

大城市，餐馆在非高峰时间变成了正式的联合办公区。第三段中Thefirstexampleofabrick-and-mortar―restaurant‖cameduringthemerchanteconomyinthe15thand1

6thcenturies,accordingtoElias.据Elias说，第一个实体―餐馆‖出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。以及通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了餐馆的演变历史，因此本文的最佳标题选项C―餐馆的演变‖符合题意。故选C项。4.【湖南省

汨罗2021届高三入学考试】Theroyalfamilyisfilledwithrules,andoneinparticularmightexplainwhyPrincessCharlotteisaprince

ss,butherkidslikelywon'tbe.WhenitcomestotheBritishroyalfamily,onethingisalmostalwaystrue:theyhaveaprettyconfusingsetofofficialrulesandprotocols.F

orinstance,theroyalfamilydoesn'thavealastname.Anddon'tforgetthefactthatQueenElizabethcelebratestwobirthdayseveryyear.Ifyourhe

adisn'tswimmingyet,considerthetraditionofroyaltitles.AsaBritishcustom,onlythedaughterofaprinceoraprince'swi

femaybeconsideredaformal―princess‖.ThelatterappliestoKate,whoisbothaprincessandtheDuchessofCambridgethankstohermarr

iagetoPrinceWilliam,theDukeofCambridge.Andtheirchildren,PrinceGeorgeandPrincessCharlotte,alsobearofficialr

oyaltitlesbecausetheirfatherisPrinceWilliam.However,whilePrinceGeorge'sfuturechildrenwillalsocarrytheirfather'sroyal

status,anychildrenthatPrincessCharlottehaswillnotautomaticallybeconsideredprincesorprincesses.Why?Royalcustomdictatesth

atroyaltitlesarepasseddownviasons,butnotdaughters.However,whilePrinceGeorge'sfuturechildrenwillalsocarrytheirfath

er'sroyalstatus,anychildrenthatPrincessCharlottehaswillnotautomaticallybeconsideredprincesorprincesses.Why?Royalcustomdictatesthatroyaltitlesarepass

eddownviasons,butnotdaughters."Royaltitlesareinheritedthroughsons,soifPrincessCharlottehaschildrentheywo

uldnotautomaticallyinheritthetitles(hisorherroyalhighness)HRH,Prince,orPrincess,‖LucyHume,associatedirectorofeti

quetteexpertsDebrett's,toldTown&Country.Ofcourse,exceptionscan(andwill!)bemade.(LearnabouteverytimetheBritishroyalfamilybroketheiro

wnprotocol.)TheQueenhasofferedHRHstatustootherroyaloffspringinthepast,includingthechildrenofQueenElizabeth'sdaughte

r,Anne.AlthoughPrincessAnneandherhusband,CaptainPhillips,declined,perhapsPrincessCharlottewillbeextendedthesameofferwhenherownchildrenare

born.12．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"protocol"inthesecondparagraph?A．Promise.B．Behavior.C．Manners.D．Connection.13．Whatkindofchildisrega

rdedas"princess"?A．Thesonofaprincess.B．Thedaughterofaprince.C．Thedaughterofaprincess.D．Thewifeofaking.14．WhoisCharlotte'sfather?A．PrinceG

eorge.B．Elizabeth.C．PrinceWilliam.D．CaptainPhilips.15．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Anypersoncanbreaktradition

alrules.B．Noteverypersonmustobeytraditionalrules.C．AnyBritishroyalfamilymemberhastheirowntitle.D．Maybethe

Britishroyalfamilywillbreaktheirownrules.【答案】12．C13．B14．C15．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国王室头衔传承的规则。按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或

王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。公主拥有的任何子女都不会自动被视为王子或公主。因为皇室习俗规定皇室头衔是由儿子传下来的而不是女儿。12．词义猜测题。划线词和之前的rules是并列的，因此在词义上与rules（规则）接近，根据第二段中的―Forinstance,theroyalfamilydoes

n’thavealastname.Anddon’tforgetthefactthatQueenElizabethcelebratestwobirthdayseveryyear.‖可知，王室成员没有姓氏。伊丽莎白女王每年庆祝两个生日，这是

一种―规矩‖。该句是在解释rules和protocols，因此下划线词语的意思是―规矩‖。A.Promise.承诺；B.Behavior.行为；C.Manners.规矩，风俗；D.Connection.联系。故选C。13．细节理解题

。根据第三段中的―AsaBritishcustom,onlythedaughterofaprinceoraprince’swifemaybeconsideredaformal"princess".‖可知，按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。因此选项

中只有―王子的女儿‖才被认为是公主。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的―PrinceGeorgeandPrincessCharlotte,alsobearofficialroyaltitlesbecausetheirfatheri

sPrinceWilliam.‖可知，乔治王子和夏洛特公主也有官方的王室头衔，因为他们的父亲是威廉王子。因此夏洛特的父亲是威廉王子。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的―Ofcourse,exceptionscan(andwill!)bemade.TheQueenhasof

feredHRHstatustootherroyaloffspringinthepast,includingthechildrenofQueenElizabeth'sdaughter,Anne.Althou

ghPrincessAnneandherhusband,CaptainPhillips,declined,perhapsPrincessCharlottewillbeextendedthesameofferwhenherownchildrenare

born.‖可知，当然，可能会有例外。女王过去曾向其他王室后代，包括伊丽莎白女王女儿安妮的子女提供过HRH身份（注：HRH身份指的是皇室身份中的王子或公主），但是安妮公主和她的丈夫菲利普斯上尉拒绝了。也许夏洛特公主在自己的孩子出生后也会得

到同样的待遇。因此最后一段主要告诉我们的是：也许英国王室会打破自己的规矩让公主的孩子也可以享有正式的王室头衔。故选D。5.【2021届安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试】Whilewalkingthroughsomere

moteforestinIndonesia’sWestSumatra,somebiologistsclaimtohavespottedtheworld’slargestflowereverrecorded.TheflowerisagiantRafflesiatu

an-mudae,aspeciesthatonlycomesoutforaboutsevendaysattheendoftheplant’slifespan.Therecordflowermeasuredinatadiameterof111centimeters,

whichmakesitlargerthanthepreviousrecordholderby4centimeters,alsoaRafflesiatuan-mudae.―ThisisthelargestRafflesiatuan-mudaethathas

everbeendocumented,‖saidAdePutraattheAgamConservationAgencyinSumatra.Theflowerischaracterizedbyitsflesh-coloredpetals(花瓣)thatarecoveredinwhit

espots.Thatmightnotsoundlikethemostattractivedescription,butit’sproperconsideringthesmellthisspeciesisknowntogiveoff.Raf

flesiatuan-mudaeisatypeofspecialflower,whichsmellslikeadyingbody.Don’tletthisfactlessenthegloryofafindli

kethis,however.Whattheflowerlacksinfragrancemakesupforitsappealingbiology.Thepungentsmellismeanttoattra

ctflies,whicharethisflower’smainpollinators(传粉者).Interestingly,it’sstillamysteryastowhattypeofanimaldistributesthetu

an-mudaeseeds.Theseplantsalsogrowinsidetherootofahostplantforaroundninemonthsuntilsuddenlyshowingthemselvestotheworldwiththeirgiantsmellyflowers

.Theywerenamed―Rafflesia‖afteraBritishcolonist(殖民者),SirStamfordRaffles,whowasthefirsttoofficiallyidentifyoneintheearly19thce

ntury.HopefullyforRaffles’sake,itwasnamedafterhimtohonorthediscovery,notbecauseofthegoodsir’ssmell.Luckily

,ittakesaspecialkindofscientiststoruntowardoneoftheseflowersratherthanaway,butinthiscasetheprizewasworththesmell.Whateveritssmell,it’

saspecialplant,andit’sencouragingthatsuchrarenaturalwonderscanstillfindroomtogrowonourcrowdedplanet.8．W

hatwasthediameterofthepreviousrecordholderofthebiggestflower?A．111centimeters.B．104centimeters.C．107centimeters.D．115cen

timeters.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―pungent‖meaninParagraph4?A．Strongandunpleasant.B．Relaxingandsoft.C．Frag

rantandsharp.D．Pleasantandattractive.10．Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?A．Whentheflowerwasfound.B．Wheretheflo

werwasfound.C．Howtheflowerwasnamed.D．Whytheflowerwassospecial.11．Howdoestheauthorfindthediscovery?A．Nervous.B．Fortun

ate.C．Annoyed.D．Satisfied.【答案】8．C9．A10．C11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了世界上有记录的最大的花Rafflesiatuan-mudae（穆达大王花），并介绍了它特殊的气味和命名原因。8．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句―Therecordflowe

rmeasuredinatadiameterof111centimeters,whichmakesitlargerthanthepreviousrecordholderby4centimeters,alsoaRafflesiatu

an-mudae.‖可知，这朵Rafflesiatuan-mudae（穆达大王花）的直径为111厘米，这使得它比之前的记录保持者的直径大了4厘米，那也是一朵穆达大王花。由此可推断出，最大的花的前一个记录保持者的直径是111厘米减去4

厘米，为107厘米。故选C项。9．词义猜测题。画线词所在句―Thepungentsmellismeanttoattractflies‖意为―这种_____气味是用来吸引苍蝇的‖。根据第三段关键句―Rafflesiatuan-m

udaeisatypeofspecialflower,whichsmellslikeadyingbody.‖可知，穆达大王花闻起来像一个垂死的尸体。再根据第四段关键句―suddenlyshowingthemselvestotheworldwiththeirgiantsmellyflowers

.‖中的―giantsmelly‖可知，这种花会散发出巨大的臭味。Strongandunpleasant意为―强烈的和令人不快的‖，符合对这种花气味的描述，表示这种强烈的和令人不快的气味是用来吸引苍蝇的，符合句意。故

选A项。10．主旨大意题。根据第五段关键句―Theywerenamed―Rafflesia‖afteraBritishcolonist(殖民者),SirStamfordRaffles‖可知，这种花以英国殖民者SirStamfordRaffles的名字命名为Rafflesia。再根据第五段关键

句―itwasnamedafterhimtohonorthediscovery,notbecauseofthegoodsir’ssmell‖可知，以他的名字命名是为了纪念这个发现。由此可推断出，本段主要讲的是

这朵花是怎样被命名的。故选C项。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句―Luckily,ittakesaspecialkindofscientiststoruntowardoneoftheseflowersratherthanaway,butinthiscasetheprizewaswortht

hesmell.‖可知，幸运的是，这种特殊的味道让科学家们跑向了这些花，而不是远离它们。由此可推断出，作者认为这一发现是幸运的。Fortunate意为―幸运的‖，符合作者的看法。故选B项。6.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】Therearemanyoptions

forfreevideoconferencing(会议)apps.Here’sourshortlistofthebestones,wheretheyshineandwheretheyfallshort.GoogleHangoutsThefreev

ideochatappfromGoogleisagreatexampleofaconsumer-gradeapp.ItintegrateswithGmailandGoogleCalendar,makingiteasierforusersto

operate.Upto10participantscanjointheliveconferencewithaplug-inapplication.Andasitdoesn’tsupportdualstreamvideoandcontent,so

meuserscomplainthatthevideoisnotclearorreliable.SkypeTheapp,developedbyMicrosoft,gives10usersaccesstoaconference.It’sworthnotingtha

tMicrosoftisintegratedwithSkype.Aplug-inapplicationisrequired.Advancedfeaturesarefascinating,butonlyavailableforpaidsubscript

ion.ZoomThefreevideoconferencingsolutionfromZoomprovidesaserviceforgroupvideocallswithover100participants.TheZoomBasicplanallowsuserstoha

ve40-minutecallswithahandfuloffeatureslikescreensharing,localrecordingandcamerafilters.Aplug-inapplicationisnecessary.Allcalls,whicharelimitedt

o40minutesorless,aresecured.LifesizeLifesizehasbeeninthevideoconferencingindustryforlong.Bysettingupafreeaccountwit

hLifesize,youcanquicklystartafreevideocallwithupto25participants.Itisweb-basedanddoesn’trequiredownloadsoranapplicationonyourdevices

.GuestscanjointhelivecallrightfromthewebsitebyclickingonyourpersonalmeetingIDlink.Tousetheadditionalfeatureslike300-waycalling,Microsoftintegration

sand4Kvideoconferenceroomsystemsrequiresapaidsubscription.1．WhichaspectofGoogleHangoutsisnotsatisfactory?A．Usercapacity.B．V

ideoquality.C．User-friendliness.D．Technicalsupport.2．Whichappoffersaten-minuteconferenceservicewith30peopleforfree?A．GoogleHangouts.B．Sky

pe.C．Zoom.D．Lifesize.3．WhatisspecialaboutLifesize?A．ItintegrateswithMicrosoft.B．Itiscompletelyfreeofcharge.C．Thereisnotimelimittoitsconfe

rences.D．Noapplicationisneededforparticipants.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章详细说明了三款最好用的会议软件的优势和不足。1.细节理解题。根据GoogleHangouts部分第二段最后一句“Andasitdo

esn’tsupportdualstreamvideoandcontent,someuserscomplainthatthevideoisnotclearorreliable.”（由于不支持双流视频和内容，一些用户抱怨视频不清晰或不可靠。）可知，GoogleHangouts不令人满

意的方面是视频质量。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据Zoom部分第一段第一句“ThefreevideoconferencingsolutionfromZoomprovidesaserviceforgroupvideocallswithover100pa

rticipants.”（Zoom提供的免费视频会议解决方案提供100人以上的群组视频通话服务。）可知，Zoom可以免费提供100人以上的群组视频通话服务，根据第二句“TheZoomBasicplanall

owsuserstohave40-minutecallswithahandfuloffeatureslikescreensharing,localrecordingandcamerafilters.”（ZoomBasi

c计划允许用户拨打40分钟的电话，并提供一些功能，如屏幕共享、本地录音和相机滤镜。）可知，Zoom应用程序提供30人免费的10分钟会议服务。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据Lifesize部分“Itisweb-basedanddoesn’trequiredownloadsoranappl

icationonyourdevices.”它是基于网络的，不需要在你的设备上下载或安装应用程序。根据GoogleHangouts中的“withaplug-inapplication”安装应用程序。根据Skype“Aplug-inapplicationisrequired.”安装应用程序。根据Zo

om“Aplug-inapplicationisnecessary.”安装应用程序。由此可知，Lifesize特别之处在于申请者无需安装应用程序。故选D。7.【广东省深圳市高级中学2021届高三模拟】Bostonwantstobesmarter.Thecityhastakenadvantage

oftechnologiestobecomemoreresponsivetoitsresidents'needs.Buttechnologyaloneisnotsufficienttomaketoday'scitiesliv

eable.Bostonhasdiscoveredthatitalsoneedstoreachtheold-fashionedlow-techcommunityandintegratethattechnologywithcityli

fe.KrisCarterrolledoutBoston'ssmartcityprogramin2014.ItstartedwithanAppthatresidentscoulddownloadtoreportlocationswhereside

walksneededrepair.Thecitysortedoutthosereportsandrankedtheminadatabase,whichrepaircrewsusedtoprioritizetheirwork.Thesystemworkedb

eautifully,exceptforoneproblem:mostofthealerts(警报)camefromwealthierneighborhoods,wheretheconcentrationofsmartphone-equippedresidentswas

highest.＂ThecomplaintsfromtheAppdidn'talwayscorrelatewiththegreatestcommunityneedforrepairs,"explainsCarter.Carter

'sgrouphasmovedawayfromthemodelcommontomanysmartcityinitiativesoflettingtech-savvy(精通技术的）residentsdrivetheprocess.Instead,theyrunmeeti

ngstofindoutwhatproblemspeopleindifferentneighborhoodscareaboutsolving.Whenitcametosidewalks,Bostonintroducedasecondmeth

odofcollectingrepairtips,hiringpeopletogetoutandwalkthecity's1,700milesofsidewalkstotakenotesontheircondi

tion.Whetherusinglow-techorhigh-techapproaches,saysCarter,tostaysmart,acityneedstocontinuallyreassessitsoptionstospotopportunitiestoim

proveresidents'lives.Takethesidewalkrepairprogram,walkingonthestreetswasprovedauseful,ifinefficientwaytoprioritizerepairneeds.Butlas

tyearthegroupfoundthatwalkers'mobilephonescouldbetrackedastheymovedalongthestreets,andthatdatacouldbeanalyzedtoidentifysidewal

krouteswhicharemostoftenusedbyneighborhoods.―Combinedwithourothersidewalkinformation,thatgaveusanevenbetterwaytopredictwherefasterrepairswoulddothem

ostgood,"saysCarter,"We'rereallyalwayslookingforwhatevermixofapproachesbestsolvestheproblem."12．Whatisthefirst

paragraphmainlyabout?A．Thecitizens'life.B．Thecity'sreputation.C．Thecity'smanagement.D．Thebenefitsoftechnology.13．WhatproblemdidKr

isCarter'steammeetwhencarryingouttheirprogram?A．Theyfacedmanytechnicalobstacles.B．Theycouldn'tserveallresidentswell.C．Theywerenotsupportedbyresid

ents.D．Theywereannoyedbybeingshort-staffed.14．WhichofthefollowingmightKrisCartermostagreewith?A．Maximizingthebene

fitsoftechnology.B．Mixingapproachesforsolvingproblems.C．Givingfullplaytothepowerofresidents.D．Lettingtechcompaniesbealeading

role.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ASmartCity:MoreThanJustTechB．ACitywithIntelligentFacilitiesC．Joint-efforti

nCityConstructionD．TheModernizationofaCity【答案】12．C13．B14．B15．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效管理，成就现代智慧城市。12．推理判断题。根据文章

第一段“Buttechnologyaloneisnotsufficienttomaketoday'scitieslivable.Bostonhasdiscoveredthatitalsoneedstoreachtheold-fashionedlo

w-techcommunityandintegratethattechnologywithcitylife.”但是，仅仅依靠技术还不足以使今天的城市适合居住。波士顿发现，它还需要接触到传统的低智能化社区，并将这种技术与城市生活结合起来。本段主要讲述了波士顿力争

成为智慧城市，使用高科技更充分地回应市民的需求，同时，城市也注重加强传统低智能化社区科技与生活的融合。所以第一段主要是关于城市的管理。故选C。13．推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“ThecomplaintsfromtheAppdidn’talway

scorrelatewiththegreatestcommunityneedforrepairs,explainsGarter.”嘉德解释说，来自应用程序的投诉并不总是与最大的社区维修需求相关。根据第四段“Carter

'sgrouphasmovedawayfromthemodelcommontomanysmartcityinitiativesoflettingtech-savvy(精通技术的）residentsdrivetheprocess.Instead,theyrunmeeti

ngstofindoutwhatproblemspeopleindifferentneighborhoodscareaboutsolving”可知，卡特的团队已经摆脱了许多智能城市倡议的共同模式，即让精通技术的居民来推动这一进程。相反，他们召开会议

，找出不同社区的人关心解决的问题。克里斯卡特的团队在执行他们的计划时遇到的问题是不能为所有市民很好地服务，故选B。14．推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“We'rereallyalwayslookingforwh

ateverevermixofapproachesbestsolvestheproblem.”我们一直在寻找各种方法的最佳组合来解决问题可知，Carter想要寻找高科技技术与传统方法融合的方式来满足城市管理的需要，故选B。15．主旨大意类。文章主要介绍了波

士顿在提高城市智能程度的过程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分使用传统方法，以满足所有市民的需要，它是一座不仅仅以高科技来成就的智慧城市，所以短文的最佳标题为“智能城市：不仅仅靠技术”。故选A。8.【2020届四川

省天府名校高三5月教学质量联合测评】I.M.Pei,oneofthebest-knownarchitectsofthe20thcentury,hasdied.Hewas102.BorninChina,

IeohMingPeimovedtotheUnitedStatesin1935tostudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvardUniversit

y.Pei’sworksaroundtheworldincludemuseums,governmentbuildings,hotels,schoolsandotherstructuresbuiltwithstone,steelandglass.Oneofhisb

est-knownandmostdisputedworkswasbuilt30yearsago.Peicreatedanewentrancefortheworld-famousLouvreMuseuminParis.Peifirstspentfourmonth

sstudyingthemuseumandFrenchhistory.Hethendrewplansfora21-meter-tallsteelandglassid,withthreesmallerpyramidsnearby

.Itwasaveryfuturisticstyleofworkforthe12th-centurybuilding.AFrenchnewspapercriticizedPei’spyramidsas―anannextoDisneyland‖.Anenvironmentalgroup

saidtheybelongedinadesert.OthersaccusedPeiofruiningoneoftheworld’sgreatestlandmarks.PeisaidtheLouvrewast

hemostdifficultjobofhiscareer.Hearguedthathehadwantedtocreateamodernspacethatwouldnottakeawayfromthetraditionalpartofthemuseum

.HesaidtheglasspyramidswerebasedontheworksofFrenchlandscapearchitectLeNotre.TheyhonoredFrenchhistory.Thepyramidsopenedinthesprin

gof1989.Overtheyearsthatfollowed,thestructurecametobelovedbymost,ifnotall,ofitscritics.Otherwell-knownPeibuildingsincludetheJohnF.KennedyLibraryinDor

chester,Massachusetts,theNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchinBoulder,Colorado,theEastWingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashi

ngtonandtheDallasCityHallinTexas.Peiofficiallyretiredin1990.However,hecontinuedtoworkonprojects—includingmuseums

inLuxembourg,QatarandhisancestralhomeofSuzhou.8．WhatistrueabouttheentrancecreatedbyPeifortheLouvreMuseum?A．Peispentfourmouthsdrawingplansforit.

B．Therearefourpyramidsintotal.C．It’sinastyleofthe12thcentury.D．Ittook30yearstocompletethework.9．Whatcanwein

ferfromPei’swordsinParagraph4?A．TheglasspyramidswereoriginallydesignedbyLeNotre.B．TheglasspyramidswerebasedontheFrenchlandscape.C．Theglasspyramidsw

ereinharmonywiththeLouvre.D．TheglasspyramidsreflectedbothFrenchandChinesestyle.10．Whatweremostpeople’sattitudestowardsPei’spyrami

dsyearsafteritsopening?A．Indifferent.B．Puzzled.C．Critical.D．Favorable.11．WhatdoweknowaboutPeiaccordingtothepassage?A．Hewas

hardworking,optimisticandeasygoing.B．HespreadChinesetraditionalarchitecturetotheworld.C．HecreatedmanygreatworksbothinChinaan

dothercountries.D．Hewasthemostoutstandingarchitectofthe20thcentury.【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了贝聿铭

在建筑领域上的成就。8．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句―Hethendrewplansfora21-meter-tallsteelandglasspyramid,withthreesmallerpyramidsnearby.‖然后，他绘制了一个21米高的钢和玻璃金字塔的计划，附

近还有三个较小的金字塔。由此可知，卢浮宫入口一共有4个金字塔。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据第四段中―Hearguedthathehadwantedtocreateamodernspacethatwou

ldnottakeawayfromthetraditionalpartofthemuseum.HesaidtheglasspyramidswerebasedontheworksofFrenchlandscapearchitec

tLeNotre.TheyhonoredFrenchhistory.‖他争辩说，他想要创造一个不会脱离博物馆的传统部分的现代空间。他说，玻璃金字塔是基于法国景观设计师勒诺特尔的作品。他们向法国历史致敬。可知这个玻璃金字塔是与卢浮宫的传统风格相契合的

。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句―Overtheyearsthatfollowed,thestructurecametobelovedbymost,ifnotall,ofitscritics.‖在接下

来的几年里，该结构受到了大多数(如果不是全部的话)批评人士的喜爱。由此可知，这个建筑被大多数人喜爱。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句―However,hecontinuedtoworkonprojects—includingmuseumsinLuxembourg,

QatarandhisancestralhomeofSuzhou‖然而，他继续从事项目工作——包括卢森堡、卡塔尔和他的祖籍苏州的博物馆。由此可知，在中国和其他国家都有其创作的作品。故选C。9.【2020届河北省衡水中学高三第六次调考】The2

019WorldConferenceonVRIndustryshowsthatVirtualReality（VR）technologycanbeusedtorevolutionizepeople'sexperiencesin

practicallyanyfield．HeldinNanchangfromOct．19to22，theannualconferenceattractedmorethan300experts，leadingscholarsandcomp

anyprincipalsfromover30countries．Thethemeofthisyear'sWorldConferenceonVRIndustrywas"VR+5Gtoranewageofinsight．"Conferencesandexhibitions，whichh

ostedmorethan2，000companiesfromacrosstheworld，wereheldduringtheevent．AsChinaintroduces5Gthisyear，expertsandindustry

insiderssaidthattheVRindustrywillhugthenewera．"WewilltaketheleadinVRtechnologycreativity．Forexample，thetechnologyhasalrea

dybeenappliedsuccessfullytothisyear'sNationalDayparade．Thepopularityofthetechnologyamongyoungergenerationsofusersg

uaranteesalargepotentialmarket，saidGuoPing，representativeofHuawei．In2018，OralRobertsUniversityintheUSAopenedanewGlobalLearningCenter，whichha

sclassroomsequippedwith360-degreecamerasonthewail，whichfollowsandrecordsprofessorsastheyteach．Throughanapponthesmartphone，studentsc

anseeimagesin3Dandmanipulate（操纵）them．InMay2019，aVRthemeparkopenedtothepublicinLondon．Coveringabout13

，000squaremeterswith120setsofadvancedVRequipment，theparkattractsthousandsofvisitorseveryday．Duringthe22ndAsianMus

icFestival，themusicalEightmadeitssecondappearance．Eightisauniquefusionofmusic，theater，VRtechnologyandvisualart，inwh

ichaudiencememberswearVRheadsetstowalkthroughandmanipulateanequipment．Theshowtellsapoeticstoryofanoldwomanlookingbackonherlifeanditl

astsfor15minutes．12．Whatdoesthisyear'sWorldConferencesuggest？______A．VRtechnologycanbeusedonlywith5G．B．VRtechnologycanchangepeople'slives．C．China's5G

technologywilltakethelead．D．MoreVRthemeparkswillbeopenedtopublic．13．WhyisGuoPingconfidentaboutVRtechnology？______A．Becauseitattractsexp

ertstocooperate．B．Becauseithasalargeoverseasmarket．C．Becauseyoungcustomershaveinterestinit．D．Becauseithaschangedhowto

teachandlearn．14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fusion''inthelastparagraphreferto？______A．researchB．processC．combinationD．type15．Whichisthebe

sttitleofthepassage？______A．ChinaIsLeadingtheWayintheWorldB．VRTechnologyDevelopmentinChinaC．5GTechnology：ChinaMovesAheadQuicklyD．TheBrightFut

ureofVRinDiverseFields【答案】12．B13．C14．C15．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了2019年世界虚拟现实产业大会表明，虚拟现实技术实际上可以在任何领域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。虚拟现实在各个领域的前景光

明。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段The2019WorldConferenceonVRIndustryshowsthatVirtualReality（VR）technologycanbeusedtorevoluti

onizepeople'sexperiencesinpracticallyanyfield．2019年世界虚拟现实产业大会表明，虚拟现实技术实际上可以在任何领域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。可知今年的世界会议说明了虚拟现实技术可以改变人们的生活建议。

故选B。13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段Thepopularityofthetechnologyamongyoungergenerationsofusersguaranteesalargepotentialmarket，saidGuoPing，representativeofHu

awei．这项技术在年轻一代用户中的普及保证了一个巨大的潜在市场，代表华为的郭平说。可知郭平对虚拟现实技术充满信心因为年轻顾客对它感兴趣。故选C。14．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段Eightisauniquefusionofmusic，theater

，VRtechnologyandvisualart，inwhichaudiencememberswearVRheadsetstowalkthroughandmanipulateanequipment．八是音乐、剧院、虚拟现实技术和视觉艺术的独特融

合，观众戴着虚拟现实耳机通过和操作设备。可知fusion意为―组合‖。故选C。15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了2019年世界虚拟现实产业大会表明，虚拟现实技术实际上可以在任何领

域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。虚拟现实在各个领域的前景光明。所以可知这篇文章最好的标题是―虚拟现实在各个领域的光明前景‖。故选D。10.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】Hasthev

olumeinarestaurantevermadeyoufinishyourmealearly?Ifso,you'renotalone.Restaurantshandledinersinvariouswaystoinfluencef

oodchoicesandconsumption,fromlightingtomenutoserverpresentation.Unfortunatelyforthoseheadache-pronerestaura

ntgoers,someplacesalsochoosetoturnupthetunesandthebackgroundnoise.ChefMarioBataliisoftenblamedforthephen

omenonofveryloudornoisyrestaurantsinthe1990s,whenhedecidedtofloodthediningroomwiththesameloudtuneshewasplayinginhiskitchen.A

ndotherchefsfollowedsuit.Somerestaurateursfelta"livelier"atmosphereencouragedmorecustomerstodinethere,andasi

de"benefit"wasquickertableturnover,thusincreasingthenumberofpeoplewhocoulddineinaspecificevening.A1985studyoutofFairfi

eldUniversitylookedathowchewingspeedvariedaccordingtothetypeofmusicbeingplayed.Althoughthevolumelevelwaskeptthesameforbot

hmusicalsituations,it'simportanttonotethatfast-tempo(节奏)musicoftengivestheimpressionofbeinglouderthanslowermusic."Asi

gnificantincreaseinthenumberofbitesperminutewasfound,andtheeffectwaslargestforfastmusic,"theresearcherswroteinthestudy.So,the

faster,loudermusicgetspeopletodowntheirfoodmorequickly,relievingthetableforfuturecustomers.Thereareopinionsaboutwhethero

rnotthisisasoundpractice."Arestaurantthatplacesprofitabovediningexperienceoftenplaysloudmusicwithafasttempothatputsdiner

sunderpressuretoeatmorequickly,evenifthatmeansthey'relessabletoenjoytheirmeal,"writesDr.NeelBurtoninPs

ychologyToday,addingthatloud,fastmusicreducesappetite.What'smore,somewould-berepeatdinerswillshyawayforfearofanotherveryloudme

al.Thenon-profitgroupActiononHearingLossfoundina2016surveyofnearly1,500peoplethat91%ofthosewhoviewarestaurantastoonoisywouldchoosenottoreturn.4．Whyd

idsomebossesoftherestaurantsfavourloudmusic?A．Itmighthelpattractmorecustomers.B．Itwasthefavoritekindofmu

sicofthem.C．Itmadetherestaurantssofterandsweeter.D．Itcouldincreasethepopularityoftheirchefs.5．Whatplaysthemostimportantroleinthee

ffectofmusicondinersaccordingtothepassage?A．Itscontent.B．Itslength.C．Itsspeed.D．Itsquality.6．WhatisDr.NeelBurton'sattitudetowardsfloodingr

estaurantswithnoisymusic?A．Doubtful.B．Disapproving.C．Positive.D．Objective.7．Whatcouldbeasuitabletilef

orthetext?A．WhatPeopleThinkofLoudRestaurants?B．AreCustomerstoBlame?C．HowRestaurantsImproveThemselves?D．DoesLoudMusicR

eallyBenefitRestaurants?【答案】4．A5．C6．B7．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。如今很多饭店都喜欢播放响亮的音乐，响亮的音乐可以提高顾客的就餐速度，但却会因此失掉大部分潜在的顾客。4．细节理解题。由第二段中的Somerestaurateursfelta"livelier"a

tmosphereencouragedmorecustomerstodinethere,andaside"benefit"wasquickertableturnover,thusincreasingthenumb

erofpeoplewhocoulddineinaspecificevening.（一些餐馆老板认为―更活跃‖的气氛鼓励了更多的顾客，且另一个―好处‖是更快的餐桌周转，从而增加了在特定的晚上就餐的人数。）可知，餐馆老板喜欢响亮的音乐是因为这可能有助于吸引更多的顾客。故选A项。5．细节理

解题。由第三段中的―Althoughthevolumelevelwaskeptthesameforbothmusicalsituations,it'simportanttonotethatfast-tempo(节奏)musicoftengivestheimpress

ionofbeinglouderthanslowermusic.(尽管两种音乐环境下的音量水平保持不变，但要注意的是，快节奏音乐通常给人的印象是比慢节奏的音乐声音大。)‖可知，速度在音乐对就餐者的影响中起着最重要的作用。故选C

项。6．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"Arestaurantthatplacesprofitabovediningexperienceoftenplaysloudmusicwithafasttempothatputsdinersu

nderpressure10eatmorequickly,evenifthatmeansthey'relessabletoenjoytheirmeal,"writesDr.NeelBurtoninPsychologyTo

day,addingthatloud,fastmusicreducesappetite.(NeelBurton博士在《今日心理学》杂志上写道：―一家把利润放在就餐体验之上的餐厅，经常以快节奏播放喧闹的音乐，让食客吃得更快，即使这意味着他们无法享受美食，‖他补充道，响亮、快速的音乐会降低食欲。

)可推断出，NeelBurton博士对就餐使用响亮的音乐持反对态度。故选B项。7．主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，本文一、二段从饭店播放音乐开始说起，后面四段围绕音乐对顾客的影响进行分析并得出：播放响亮的音乐可以提高顾客就餐速度，但会失去大部分潜在顾客，因

此文章讲的是―大声的音乐真的有益于餐馆吗？‖。故选D项。