专题一-动词的时态和语态课件

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专题一动词的时态和语态2014高考英语考前语法冲刺◆动词时态的考查要点1.一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;

表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常

用一般现在时:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,gree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belongto,seem等。Smithownsacarandahouse

.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvit

ationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.(5)少数用于表示起止的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop等常用一般现在时代替

将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时,只用一般现在时。Theshopclosesat11∶00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.2.一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基

本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。Wemetherinthestreetyesterday.Whenhewasyoung,hetookcoldbath

sregularly.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如:but,and,wh

en,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute等。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.(4)常用一般过去

时的句型。Whydidn’tyouthinkofthat?Ididn’tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn’t

recognizehim.3.一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态,常用will/shall+动词,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow,nextweek等。(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。We’lldiewithou

tairorwater.(3)表示趋向行为的动词如come,go,start,begin,leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。(4)begoingto,will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo的用法及区别:begoingto表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过

事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。begoingto表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.[√]Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofis

hing.[×]betodo表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3∶00o’clockthisafternoon.beabouttod

o表示“即将,正要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.4.现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作;表近期特定的安排或计划

;go,come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时;与always,often等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。SheisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.Heisworkingonapaper.

IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.WeareleavingonFriday.Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。①表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,

hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。②表存在状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong

to等。③表示行为结果的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。④表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。5.过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时

的几种情况。①在by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduce

d20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等

或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式,即:hoped/planned...+tohavedone。③“时间名词+before”在句中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过

去时。Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.④在hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner

than...句式中,主句常用过去完成时,表示“一……就……”。当hardly,scarcely,nosooner置于句首时,其后要用部分倒装。Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebus

started.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。Afterhe(had)leftt

heroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.6.过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,这种时态常用于宾语从句中,主句常是一般过去时。Healwayssaidthathewouldst

udyhardatthattime.7.过去进行时考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Hewasreadinganinterestingbookthistimeyesterday.

8.现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和for,since引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks),inrecentyears,sofar,uptonow等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完

成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)timethat+现在完成时This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting.

..+that+现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Don’tg

etoffthebusuntilithasstopped.9.注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时:①时间上有差异:凡有过去时间的均用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时,如含有ago,lastyear,justnow,theotherday等。②结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对“现在

”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时:过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”;如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)形式则只用一般过去时即可。题组训练1用所给动词的正确时态填空1.Planningsofa

rahead(make)nosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.2.Experimentsofthiskind(conduct)inboththeU.S.a

ndEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.3.—BobhasgonetoCalifornia.—Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe(leave)?4.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents(sign)upforthedancecompet

ition?makeshadbeenconductedleftwouldsign5.—Ihearyou(work)inapub.What’sitlike?—Well,it’sveryhardworkandI’malwaystired,butIdon’tmind.6.—Ididn’taskforth

enamelist.Whyit(land)onmydesk?—Iputittherejustnowincaseyouneededit.7.Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepre

ssconferencehisassistant(give)inhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.8.—Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.—Yeah,it(ta

ke)usawholeweektogetthere.areworkinghaslandedwasgivingtook◆动词被动语态的考查要点动词的被动语态的构成方式:be+过去分词,口语中也用“get/become+过去分词”表

示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。Myfriendga

vemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(b

ymyfriend)onmybirthday.(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss).

(3)短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.(4)情态动词,b

egoingto,beto,besureto,haveto等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。(5)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:①谓语动词用被动语态

,动词不定式作主补。②用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Heissaidtobeasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.Peopleknowpaperwasmad

einChinafirst.PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.类似句型有:Itissaid/known/suggested

/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...题组训练2用所给动词的正确语态填空1.Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnology(make)byscientists.2.Inthelas

tfewyearsthousandsoffilms(produce)allovertheworld.3.Allvisitorstothisvillage(treat)withkindness.4.Thecomputer(repair)bytomorrow.5.Theycan’tmoveintoth

ehousebecauseit(paint)now.willbemadehavebeenproducedaretreatedmightberepairedisbeingpainted2.不能用被动语态的几种情况。(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不

能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。(3)表示归属的动词,如have,own,belongto等。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate

等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。3.主动形式表被动意义。(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;当cut,read,sell,

wear,write等带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。Thefishsmellsgood.Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.Mypenwrit

essmoothly.Thedoorwon’tlock.(2)当breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。Theplan

workedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.(3)want,require,need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。(5)在“be+形容词+todo”中,不定式的逻

辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.注意:betoblame(受谴责),betorent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。4.被动形

式表示主动意义的几种情况。beseated坐着;behidden躲藏;belost迷路;bedrunk喝醉;bedressed穿着5.被动语态与系表结构的区别。此处的系表结构指“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”结构,它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别:被动语态强调动

作;系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被动语态)Thebookiswellsold.(系表结构)题组训练31.Hebrokethewindow,sohe(

该受责备).2.Thenewcar(属于)hisbrother.3.Thereissomethingwrongwithhiscomputerandit(需要修理).4.ThenewnovelwrittenbyMoYanis(值得一读).5.Thiskindofcake(尝起来美味)and(销

路好).wastoblamebelongstoneedsrepairing/needstoberepairedworthreadingtastesgoodsellswell◆语法与写作翻译句子1.我将一直把交

通规则记在心里。(2013·安徽·书面表达)2.我们跳起来,高兴地欢呼。(2013·江西·书面表达)3.我一直忙于学习,很少帮助我的父母做家务。(2013·陕西·书面表达)Iwillkeeptrafficrulesinmindalltheway.Wejumpedandcheer

edwithjoy.Ihavebeenbusywithmystudyandseldomhelpedmyparentswiththehousework.4.而且,时间表一旦制定,我们应该严格遵守。(2013

·四川·书面表达)5.据报道将在全球选择年龄至少18岁的30名志愿者,到2015年的时候被送到火星上去。(2013·广东·基础写作)What’smore,oncethetimetableismade,weshouldfoll

owitstrictly.Itisreportedthatthirtyvolunteerswhoareatleast18yearsoldwillbechosenfromalltheglobeandsenttotheMars

bytheyearof2015.◆语法填空AImagineapasswordiswiredtoyourbodysystemandyoucanneverforget1..TaiwaneseresearcherLinChunliangsayshe2.(f

ind)awayofturningaperson’shearbeatsintohiscomputerpassword,accordingtotheDailyMail.hasfounditScientistshavefoundthatelectrocardiogramsignalsfromdif

ferentpeople’spulsesarenotthesame,3.(mean)thatheartbeatscanbeusedinsecuritysystemstoidentifydifferentpeople.Inthes

tudy,Lin4.(take)asubject’selectrocardiogramreadingtwice,oncefromeachhand.Fromthesetworeadings,Lindeterminedthespecialpropertiesofhisorherheartbeat

sandstored5.inacomputer.Thisthenbecamehisorheruniquepasswordforenteringthecomputer.themmeaningtookLinbelievesthatthepulseratesystemwillbepo

pularbecauseitismuchsaferthanfingerprint6.(recognize)systems,someof7.canbe“tricked”withaphotographofsomeoneelse’sfinger.Thenewsystemisa

lsosaidtobemoreconvenient.Insteadoftypinginaseriesofcomplicatednumbersandletterseverytime,you8.(simpl

e)needtotouchthecomputertologin.Thismayhelpput9.endtothepanicofnotbeingabletostartupacomputer10.you’veforgottenyourpassword.recog

nitionwhichsimplyanbecause/for/as/sinceBTheonlysurvivorofashipwreckwaswasheduponasmallandanuninhabite

disland.HeprayedtoGodforrescuinghim,andeverydayhescannedthehorizonforhelp,but1.seemedforthcoming.none2

.(exhaust),heeventuallymanagedtobuildalittlehutoutofdriftwoodtoprotecthim3.theelements,andtostorehisfewpossessions.Butthenoneday,

aftersearchingforfood,hearrivedhomeonly4.(find)hislittlehutinflames,thesmokerollinguptothesky.Exhaustedfromtofind

The5.(bad)thinghappened;everythingwaslost.Hewasstunnedwithgriefandanger.“God,howcouldyoudothistome!”hecried.Earlythenextday,however,hewasawake

nedbythesoundofashipthat6.(approach)theisland.Itcametorescuehim.“HowdidyouknowIwashere?”thewearymanaskedh

isrescuers.“Wesawyoursmokesignal,”theyreplied.worstwasapproachingItiseasytogetdiscouraged7.thingsaregoingbad.Butweshouldn’tlosehe

art,becauseGodisatworkinourlives,eveninthemidstofpainandsuffering.Remember,nexttimeyourlittlehutisburningtotheground,itjustmaybe8.smokesignalthats

ummonsthegraceofGod.9.allthenegativethingswehavetosayto10.,Godhasapositiveanswertothem.ourselvesonce

/whenFora

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