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小学英语语法知识英语动词4种时态:1、一般现在时:常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常),usually(通常,一般),sometimes(有时),always(总是,一直),never(从不),表示经常性或习惯性的动作,
表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示,第三人称单数后,动词要在词尾加s(或es,或变y为i再加es)。如:Ioftengetupat7:00.Heoftengetsupat7:30.2、现在进行时:表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。用am/is/are
加动词ing形式表示,如:Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatishedoing?Heissinging.3、一般将来时:常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear等,表示将要发生的动作或情况。用am/is/are加go
ingto形式表示,如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtorideahorse.用will加动词原形表示,如:WhatwillyoudonextSunday?Iwillgoshopping.用am/is/are加动词ing形式表示,如:Whatareyo
udoingtomorrow?I’mgoingbowling.4、一般过去时:经常与表示过去的时间连用,如:yesterday,lastnight等,表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。动词要用动词的过去式。如:Whowasfirst?
Kenwasfirst.Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttoschool.形容词的比较级和最高级:1、单音节词:比较级加er,最高级加est.如:t
all—taller—thetallest,Heistallerthanhisbrother.Tomisthetallestinhisclass.2、多音节词和部分双音节词:比较级加more,最高级加themost.如:intere
sting---------moreinteresting---------themostinteresting,Musicisinterestingsubject.P.E.ismoreinterestingthanmusic..Sc
ienceisthemostinterestingsubject.形容词变为比较级的变化规则:(1)一般情况下,在形容词的词尾直接加er。如:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾直接加r,如:nice—nice
r.late—later(3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er.如:big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词,先变y为i,再加er。如:eas
y—easierheavy—heavierfunny—funnier.(2)、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化:good—betterwell—betterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morel
ittle—lessfar—farther动词ing的变化规律:1)直接加ing,如:open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,
…2)去掉词尾不发音的e,如:take-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…3)重读闭音节的,双写最后的字母,加
ing,如:sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-
becoming,…主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同):1)直接加s,如:cook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,c
atch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…3)辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i,+es,如:fly-flies,worry-worries,carry-carries,…4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改
为v+es.5)特殊:have-has,…6)家庭、亲属和朋友:姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好:与你的关系words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,moth
er,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相关句型:1)Ishe/sheTom’scousin?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.2)Wh
o’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.3)Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.注意
:1)名词单复数,如:family-families;名词单数--复数规律:(1)1)直接加s,如:boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:box-boxes,cla
ss-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,3)辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i,+es,
如:baby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe
,改为v+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5)特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-wo
men,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6)不变:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,me
at,people,fish,sheep,…(2)名词所有格,表明是“谁的”如:mycousin’s,hisparents’它的构成规则:单数名词后+“’s”,Mike’smother.复数名词词尾有,其后只+“’”,Teachers’Da教师节.若是两人共有时,只在后者+“’s”,Jimand
Tom’smother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的,两者都+“’s”,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词若是无生命,所有格构成用of,amapofChina.一幅中国地图I一般过去时态定义
:表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。结构:“主语+动词的过去式”用法:1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Hewashereyesterday.Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning.Mymotherwasatworkyesterdayaf
ternoon.Didyouhaveagoodtimelastsummer?2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear.WhenIwasastu
dent,Ioftenlistenedtomusic.3.常与一般过去时态连用的时间有:一般过去式的用法:一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如yesterday,thed
aybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工厂工作。Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰见了他。Iwenttot
heTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我们去了天龙山。一般过去式构成:表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。4.一般过去时的标志词:lastyear;lastnighty
esterday(+morning,afternoon,evening)in+过去时间词:in1998…II过去式规则变化(a)动词词尾+“ed”。walk→walked(走)need→needed(需要)(b)动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。live→lived(住)like→like
d(喜欢)(c)动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“y”加“ied”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,只加“ed”。study→studied(学习)play→played(游戏)(d)原形动词词尾为重读闭音节时,先双写该辅音字母再+“ed”stop→stop
pedIII过去式规则变化(一)不变1.cutcut2.letlet3.putput4readread5.mustmust(二)改成a1.comecame2.becomebecame3.beginbegan4.drinkdrank5.have
had6.runran7.sitsat8.ringrang9.singsang10.swimswam11.givegave(三)改成ght1.thinkthought2.fightfought3.bringbrought4.buybought5.catchc
aught6.teachtaught(三)改成t1.keepkept2.sleepslept3.sweepswept4.feelfelt5.spendspent6.learnlearnt7.meanmea
nt(四)改成ew1.blowblew2.knowknew3.growgrew4.drawdrew5.throwthrew6.flyflew(五)改成o1.getgot2.forgetforgot3.writewrote4.riderode5.d
rivedrove6.sellsold7.telltold8.standstood9.understandunderstood10.speakspoke11.hearheard12.taketook(六)其他形式1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmean
t5.saysaid6.findfound7.meetmet8.seesaw9.cancould10.shallshould11.willwould12.maymight13.gowent14.seesaw15.wearwore时态时间标志口诀集锦1.一般现在时:“总经
常有每没(美眉^^)复星周”总:always,usually等经常:often有:sometimes(记住,“有”不是have,而是“有时”)每:everyweek/month/year等没:never复星周:onMondays,onTu
esdays等2.一般过去时:“昨天上个XX(读作叉叉)前,in加年份when字连”(原创)昨天:yesterday,后面可以加morning,afternoon,evening等上个:last,后面可以加week,month,year等XX前:ag
o,前面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsagoin加年份:in2009/2008/1986/1220等,2010前全用一般过去时,后年2012前就都是过去时了,2012,世界末日?电影看多了。when字连:whenIwasachild等when字后面都是过去时,也要用一般过
去时。3.一般将来时时间标志口诀:正好和一般过去时对应:“明天下个XX后”明天:tomorrow,后面可以加morning,afternoon,evening下个:next,后面可以加week,month,year等XX后:after和in,后面可以加th
reeweeks/months/years这里要注意一下,after后加时间点才表示将来,如after3o‘clock。加时间段表示过去,如after2hours表示过去。in后加时间段表将来,如intwoyears。4.现在进行时:“现在时刻看和听,最近在哪请安静。”现在:
now,atpresent,atthemoment等时刻:It’steno‘clock.I’mbeatingXiaoqiang.看和听:Look!Listen!后面一般都用现在进行时。最近:Whatareyoudoingre
cently/thesedays?在哪:WhereisXiaoZ?XiaoZisbeatingXiaoqiang.请安静:Bequiet!/Don‘tmakeanynoise!/Stopmakingnoise!Xiaoqiang
issleeping.