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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking——LanguagePoints1．congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪→congratulationn．祝贺；恭喜2．religionn

．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj宗教的；笃信宗教的3．joyn．高兴；喜悦→joyfuladj高兴的；快乐的4．agriculturen．农业；农艺→agriculturaladj.农业(劳动/生产)5．decoratevt.装饰；装潢→decoration

n．装饰；装潢6．significantadj.有重大意义的；显著的→significancen．意义；重要性；意思7．typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→typicallyadv.典型地；有代表性地；平常地8．commerc

ialadj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的→commercialisevt.使商业化；利用„„牟利→commercialisationn．商业化9．beliefn．信仰；信心；信任→believevt.相信10．occasionn．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适

当的)机会→occasionaladj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasionallyadv.偶尔；间或1．marchvt.使前进，使行军vi.行进；前进；示威游行；进行n．行进；行军；示威游行；进行曲；三月①Attheendofthemarch，I

wasverytired.行军②Inourcountry，springlastsfromMarchtoMay.三月③About5，000peoplemarchedthroughthecitytofightagainstth

ewar.示威游行④Wemarched50kmacrossthefoothills.进行，行军⑤MrCartermarchedusintotheprincipal'soffice.使某人前进2．figuren．人物；数字；身材vt.认

为；认定；计算；象征vi.计算；出现；扮演角色①Howdoyoufigurehecanlivewithoutme.认为②Heisthefigureofauthoritythatwehavetodealwith.人物③I'

msurethatourfigureiscorrectandexact.数字④She'salwayshadagoodfigure.身材⑤Ihadn'tfiguredongettinghomesolate.计算、算到⑥Ican'tfigureouthowtodoth

is.弄懂WordsAndPhrases知识要点1congratulationn．祝贺；恭喜(教材P2)receivecongratulationsfrom...收到来自„„的祝贺[例1]Iwanttoexpressmysi

ncerecongratulationsonyoursuccess.我想对你的成功表示诚挚的祝贺。[例2]Weofferedourcongratulationstothewinners.我们向获胜者祝贺。[造句]祝贺你在

学习汉语方面取得大的进步。CongratulationsonyourmakinggreatprogressinlearningChinese.[知识拓展](1)congratulationn．祝贺；恭喜congratulationstosb.onsth.祝贺某人某事Cong

ratulations!恭喜你！(2)congratulatesb.onsth.doingsth.就„„向某人祝贺congratulateoneselfon(doing)sth.感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己

高兴[即学即练]单句语法填空①Shecongratulated(congratulate)mewarmlyonmyexamresultsintheNMETlastweek.②Youcancongratulateyou

rselfonhavingdoneanexcellentjob.③—IhavepassedtheEnglishtest，thoughmymarkisonlyC.—Congratulations(congratulate)．AndIbelieveyoucan

doitbetternexttime.知识要点2afterall毕竟；别忘了(教材P3)Afterall，asyouknow，Ilovetodance!正如你所知，毕竟，我爱舞蹈。[例1]Thinkofit，afterall，wehavetopay.想想啊，

毕竟我们曾经都付出了。[例2]Afterall，I'myourbestfriend.别忘了，我是你最好的朋友。[造句]你应该对这些学生们宽容一点。毕竟他们还都是孩子。Youshouldbeeasyonthesestudents.Afterall，theyarekids.[知识拓

展]aboveall最重要的是；尤其是allinall整体说来；总而言之inall全部；合计atall(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟firstofall首先[明辨异同]aboveall/afterall/firstofall/inallaboveall意为“最重要的是；尤其是”，

强调事物的重要性。afterall毕竟；究竟，导出原因，通常放在句首。firstofall意为“首先”，强调事物的排列顺序。inall意为“总共；总计”。[即学即练]用all的相关短语填空①Firstofall(首先)，letthemintroducethemselvest

ous.②Hehasdoneitwell.Afterall(毕竟)，heisonlyalearner.③I'dliketobuyahousefirstofall(首先)modern，comfortable，andaboveall(尤其是)inaquietneighborho

od.④Allinall(总而言之)，everyroadleadstoRome，andIdobelievehardworkpaysoff.知识要点3(教材P4)Theyhaveawiderangeoforigins，suchastheseasonso

ftheyear，religions，famousfiguresandimportantevents.它们有各种各样的起源，例如一年中的各个季节，各种宗教，著名人物和一些重大事件等。(1)rangen．种类；范围；幅度；界限v

.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列[例1]Shehasawiderangeofinterests.她有广泛的兴趣爱好。[例2]Hiringandfiringarebothwithintherangeofhisres

ponsibilities.招聘和解雇员工都在他的职责范围内。[造句]她做过许多不同的工作，从清洁工到公交司机都做过。Shehashadanumberofdifferentjobs，rangingfromcleanertobusdriver.[知识拓展](1)afull/widerangeof各

种各样的„„；范围广泛的；一套；一系列in/withinrange(of...)在(„„)可及的范围内beyond/outofrange(of...)超出(„„的)范围(2)rangefromAtoB在A到B范围内变动rangebetweenAandB在A和B范围之间变动[即学

即练]单句语法填空①(2017·北京卷)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.②Whendriv

ingonhighways，thedrivermustcontrolhisorherspeedwithin/intherangeofspeed­limiting.[小片段助记]Thereareawiderangeofanimalsinthezoo，rangingfromcatstotigers.T

hetigerscanrangebetweenthetworoomsbutcan'tmovebeyond/outofthefenceofthehouse.(2)figuren．画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字；图表；插图v.估计；

计算；认为[例1]IfigurethatyouknowmoreabouttheMBA.我认为有关MBA你知道的更多。[例2]Ourtextbookhasmanyfigurestohelpexplainthelessons.我们的教科书里有很多插图来帮助解释课程内容。[造句](2017·北京卷)

如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeop

leuntilyoufigureitout.[知识拓展](1)figureout理解；想出；计算出；弄明白(2)keepone'sfigure保持体形haveagoodfigure身材好apolitical/pu

blicfigure一位政治/公众人物[即学即练]单句语法填空①TohelpthemfigureoutourfestivalofQingMing，wetookthemtoourtown.②Itwouldbeveryniceifwehadatruefigureofhowm

anypeopleinthiscountryhaven'tgotajob.③TheStatueofLibertystandingonanislandinNewYorkHarborisafigureofawoman.[小片段助记]Lucyisregardedasoneofthemostin

spiringfiguresinourtown，shegetsuptotakeexerciseeverydayandshealsobuysmanybooksinwhichhavemanyfigureswithagoodfigure.NowIfigureouthowsh

ehaskeptherfigureforalltheseyears.知识要点4gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割(教材P4)Thisimportantagriculturalfestivaltake

splaceafterallthecropshavebeengatheredin.这一重要的农耕节日(一般)会在所有农作物收割完毕后举行。[例1]Cloudsgatherbeforeathunderstorm.在风暴来临之前云层聚集

。[例2]Hetookthetroubletogatherthematerialsforme.他不辞辛劳地为我收集资料。[例3]Thefarmersaregatheringcropsinthefields.农民们正在田野里收割庄稼。[造句]越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。Peo

plearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.[知识拓展]gatherexperience积累经验[明辨异同]gather/collectgather意为“收集，聚集”，指把

分散的东西或抽象的东西聚集起来，也可指把人集中、聚集起来。collect意为“收集，采集”，着重于计划性和选择性含义，指有计划、有目的、有选择地“收集”。[即学即练]用gather和collect的适当形式填空①Thecaptain

gatheredallthesoldiersbeforehim，tellingthemtogetreadyforthefight.②Wehavecollected30samplesfromover200patients.知识要点5significantadj.有重大意义的，显著的(教材P4

)Customsplayasignificantroleinfestivals，butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.习俗在节日中起着重要的作用，但是有时他们也会随着时间而变化。[例1]Them

ostsignificantthingyoushouldkeepinmindisthatmostofthequestionsareeasyifyoumakeuseofcorrectmethods.你应该牢记的最重要的事情是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部

分问题是容易的。[例2]Thetasktookhimasignificantamountoftime.这份工作花了他大量的时间。[造句]老师及时的鼓励对学生很重要。Timelyencouragementfromateacherisver

ysignificant/isofgreatsignificancetohis/herstudents.[知识拓展]significancen．重要性；意义beofgreatsignificance＝b

everysignificant非常重要beofnosignificance无意义，不重要attachsignificanceto重视„„[联想发散]常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：①beofsignificance＝besignifi

cant②beofimportance＝beimportant③beofvalue＝bevaluable④beofhelp＝behelpful⑤beofuse＝beuseful[即学即练]单句语法填空①Inmyview，practicin

ghandwritingisofgreatsignificance(significant)tothestudents'growth.②Sheshowedspecialconcernforthecollegestudentsandattache

dmuchsignificance(significant)toeducatingthem.③Itissignificant(significance)thatnowadaysfiberisstillconsideredtobeanimportantpartofahealthydie

t.知识要点6typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；一贯的；平常的(教材P4)OneexampleisthetypicalChineseSpringFestivalcustomoflightingfirecrackerstodriveawaytheevilspiritsandc

elebratethenewyear.为了驱逐恶鬼和庆祝新年，中国人在春节燃放鞭炮的习俗就是一个典型的例子。[例1]Thispaintingisfairlytypicalofhisearlyworks.这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。[例2]Iti

stypicalofhimtoplayjokesonothers.他一向喜欢取笑别人。[造句]他一向喜欢帮助那些处于逆境的人。Itistypicalofhimtohelpthosewhoareintrouble.[知识拓展]betypicalof...在„„中典型的；„„有代表性的it'st

ypicalofsb.todosth.某人做某事一向如此[即学即练]单句语法填空①It'stypicalofhimtocometoschoollate.②Typically(typical)，healwayslistenstomusicwhiledoings

omewashing.知识要点7inspiteof不管；尽管(教材P4)AnotherexampleisHalloween，whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren，inspiteo

fitsreligiousorigins.另一个例子是万圣节，它慢慢地变成了一个让孩子们很兴奋的节日而尽管它起源于宗教。[例1]Hewouldgoinspiteofourwarning.尽管我们提出警告他还是要去

。[例2]Inspiteofthetroublesofthepasttwoyears，therecouldbelightattheendofthetunnel.尽管在过去的两年里麻烦不断，但我们应该相信在隧道的另一端一定会看到光亮。[造句]尽管在这点上我们不能达成

一致，我们仍然是朋友。Inspiteofourdisagreementonthispointwearestillfriends.[明辨异同]regardlessof/despite/inspiteofregardlessof强调不认为„„重要，从而不加以重视或考虑。后可接whethe

r，what引导的从句。despite/inspiteof后常接名词，不接从句。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Sheisdeterminedtodoitregardlessofallconsequences.②Dr.Beth

unecontinuedworkinginspiteofcuttinghishandduringanoperation.③Hewentfishingdespitethebadweather.知识要点8(教材P5)Theyreflectedpeople'swishes，beliefs，f

aiths，andattitudestowardslife.它们反映了人们的希望，信心，宗教信仰和对生活的态度。(1)reflectv．映照；反射；思考；显示[例1]Yourchoiceofclothesreflectsyourpersonal

ity.你对服饰的选择反映了你的性格特点。[例2]Shecouldseeherfacereflectedinthewater.她可以看见映在水中的自己的脸。[例3]Thelikelyreactionsofthemarketneedtobereflectedon/uponb

eforeweact.我们采取行动之前需要思考市场可能的反应。[造句]你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。Youshouldsetasidesometimetoreflecton/uponyoursuccessesandfailures.[知识拓展](1)reflectsb./sth.inst

h.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflecton/uponsth.思考某事；回忆某事(2)reflectionn.反射；反照；反映；映像belostinreflection陷入深思中[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itseemsbeautifulthatthetallbuilding

sreflected(reflect)inthelakearoundwhichtherearemanytrees.②Usuallyachild'sbehaviourisareflection(reflect)ofhisfamilyrelationshipandgrow

thenvironment.[小片段助记]Lookingatthereflectionofthetreesinthelake，Ireflectedonsomereasonsthatexplainedthephenomenonreflectedinthepicture.(2)faithn

．宗教信仰；信任；相信[例1]Artisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaithofapeople.艺术是受一个民族生活习俗和信仰影响的。[例2]Ihavegreatfaithinyou.Iknowy

ouwillbesuccessfuloneday.我非常相信你，我知道终有一天你会成功。[造句]她对我的能力很有信心。Shehasgreatfaithinmyability.[知识拓展](1)havefaithinsb./sth.信任某人某事losefaithinsb

./sth.对„„失去信心(2)faithfuladj.忠实的；忠诚的(3)faithfullyadv.忠实地；忠诚地[即学即练]单句语法填空①Undernocircumstanceshallwelosefaithinthef

uture.②Asweknow，dogsarefaithfulfriendsofhuman.[小片段助记]Weshouldhavefaithinourselvesandfriends.Ifwelostfaithinthem，wemaynotma

kefaithfulfriendsanymore，meanwhileweshouldtreatourfriendsfaithfully.SentencePatterns重点句式1“nomatter＋疑问词”句式(教材P4)However，nomatterhowdifficultth

eymayseem，allovertheworld，thespiritofsharingjoy，gratitude，love，orpeaceiscommoninallfestivals.然而，在全世界所有的节日中，不管它们看起来是多么的不同，但共享喜悦，感恩，爱与和平的精神是一

致的。句式分析：“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。[例1]Today，bothmaleandfemaleathletesfromaroundtheworldcantakepart，nomatterwhatnationtheycome

from.如今，世界各地的男女运动员都能参加，无论他们来自哪个国家。[例2]Nomatterwhereyougo，I'llfollowyou.不管你去哪里，我都会跟着。[造句]法网恢恢，疏而不漏。Nomatter

whobreaksthelaw，hemustbepunished.[知识拓展](1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwhen/where/how。(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomev

er既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Somepeoplebelievewhateverhashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrep

eatitselfinthefuture.②Nomatterhowcarefullyyouplanyourfinances，noonecanpredictwhentheunexpectedwillhappen.重点

句式2with复合结构(教材P5)Festivalsarebecomingmoreandmorecommercial，withbusinessestakingadvantageofthecelebrations.随着商业对各种庆祝活动的

利用，节日也变得越来越商业化了。句式分析：句中withbusinessestakingadvantageofthecelebrations为with的复合结构作状语。[例1]Withtheexamcomingnear，Ifeltver

ynervous.随着考试的临近，我感觉十分紧张。[例2]Withalocalguideleadingtheway，wegotthereeasily.有当地向导带路，我们很容易就到了那儿。[造句]随着时间的流逝，他变得越

来越勤奋了。Withtimegoingby，hebecamemoreandmorehard­working.[知识拓展](1)with＋宾语＋todo(表示将来的动作)(2)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)(3)w

ith＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.[即学即练]①Withaguidetoshow(show)usaroundthescenicspots，we'resu

retohaveagoodtime.②Withseveralproblemsremaining(remain)tobesolved，westillneedtoholdanothermeetingassoonaspossible.③W

ithmoreandmoreforestsdamaged(damage)，someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.④WithJohnaway，we'vegotmoreroom.⑤Withabookinhishand

，helefthisoffice.重点句式3makeit＋adj.＋forsb.todo句型(教材P5)Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospen

dmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.网上购物的网址和社会媒体软件的应用让公众花更多的钱为所爱的人买礼物变得更容易了。句式分析：句中madeitmucheasierforthepu

blictospend...，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式tospend...。[例1]Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这产生了一系列反应，使生命的发展成

为可能。[例2]Weshouldmakeitaruletocleanourclassroomeverymorning.我们应该把每天早上打扫教室当作一条规则。[造句]我精通英语，这使我更容易地找到一份好工作。Ihaveagood

commandofEnglish，whichmakesiteasierformetofindagoodjob.[知识拓展](1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句(2)make＋it＋adj./n.＋todo不定式(3)mak

e＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth.[提示]常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Shemadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforher

self.②Peopleinthewestmakeitaruletobuy(buy)Christmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.③Heisstubborn，whichmak

esitnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.(教材P5)Theyareoccasionsthatallowustorelaxandenjoylifeandforgetaboutourworkf

oralittlewhile.[分析]本句为复合句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasions。而relax，enjoy和forget是三个动词不定式的并列，作allow的宾语补足语。[译文]它们也是一些让我们放松下来，享受生活和暂时忘记工作的机会。教材高考1.wea

rtraditionalcostumes(2019·江苏卷)．..sincetheexchangestudentsareunlikelytocomeintheirtraditionalcostumes.2..

..thespiritofsharingjoy，gratitude，love，orpeaceiscommoninallfestivals.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwithjoy.3....sometraditionsmayf

adeawayandothersmaybeestablished.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)选项49fadeaway4.Festivalsarebecomingmoreandmorecommercial...(2019·全国卷Ⅰ

)Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeand...5.Theyreflectpeople'swishes，beliefs，faiths，andatti

tudestowardslife.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneand...6.Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets，enjoyingtherelax

ingatmosphere.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)选项50atmosphereⅠ.单句语法填空1．Festivalsofallkindshaveawiderangeoforiginsallaroundtheworld.2．Theytrav

elledtoCanadaafterallthecropshadbeengathered(gather)andstored.3．Atthebeginningoftheyear，farmersusuallyhavealotofagricultural(agri

culture)worktodo.4．Canyoutellmewhat'syourreligious(religion)belief?5．Theladydressedherselfupfortheget-together

tonight.6．Doyouknowwhatmostfestivalsseemtohaveincommon?7．Festivalsareplayingasignificant(significance)roleinourdailylifenow

.8．Lookingatthepicturereflected(reflect)inthemirror，thebabysmiled.9．Therearesomeoccasionsinourlifewherewecansinganddancehapp

ily.10．Iwouldbegrateful(gratefully)ifyoucouldtakemysuggestionintoconsideration.Ⅱ.语境填空dressup；afterall；rangefrom...to；fadeaway；inspiteof；

takeadvantageof；havesth.incommon；havefaithin；reflecton；figureout1．You'dbetterreflectontheproblemthatmor

eandmoreplasticaredamagingourearth.2．Canyoufigureoutwhobrokethewindowyesterday?3．OnHalloween，childrencandressupandgototheirne

ighbours'hometoaskforsweets.4．Weshouldtakeadvantageoftheforesttoprotectourenvironment.5．YoushouldnotblameT

imfortheaccident，afterallheisachild.6．Theshopsellsawiderangeofbooks，whosepricesrangefrom2yuanto100yuan.7．Hewenttoclimbthemount

aininspiteoftherainyesterday.8．Withthedevelopmentofsociety，sometraditionsmayfadeaway．9．Ihavefaithinyourabili

tytodealwiththeproblem.10．Youwillfindthesequestionshavealotincommonifyouobservethemcarefully.Ⅲ.课文语法填空Today'sfestivalshaveawiderange1.ofori

gins，includingtheseasonsoftheyear，famous2.figures(figure)，importantevents，andreligions.Theharvestfestivalisoneofthemostpopularfestivalsandis3

.celebrated(celebrate)inmanycultures.Customsplaya4.significant(significance)roleinfestivals，buttheycanchange5.overtime.

Forexample，someChinesecitiesnolongerallowfirecrackersduringtheSpringFestival，6.astheycanincreaseairpollution.Thesedays，fe

stivalsarebecoming7.morecommercial(commercial)，withpeoplespendingmoremoneyongifts.Festivalsreflectpeople'swishes，beliefs，8.faiths(f

aith)，andattitudestowardslife.Theseare9.occasions(occasion)tospendtimewithfamily，andrelaxandenjoylife.Asamatteroffact，youmayfindthatdiffere

ntcultureshavealot10.incommon.