【文档说明】19-20 Unit 5 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——情态动词和过去将来时-人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册.doc，共(10)页，147.000 KB，由小喜鸽上传

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SectionⅢGrammar——情态动词和过去将来时一、复习情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。初中阶段大家已经学习了一些情态动词，这里将对情态动词的特征、功能和用法进行总结。[观察例句]1．Oliverbelievesthatwit

hamillion-poundbanknoteamancouldliveamonthinLondon.2．Youngman，wouldyoustepinsideamoment，please?3．Mayweaskwhatyou'redoinginthiscountryandwha

tyourplansare?4．Ican'tsaythatIhaveanyplans.5．Anyway，Ididn'tdaretotryagain.6．Youmustn'tworryaboutthat

.7．Ifyou'llexcuseme，Ioughttobeonmyway.[归纳用法]1．情态动词的基本特征(1)在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could，would，hadto，m

ight等几个过去式，其他情态动词如must、oughtto等的过去式皆与现在式同形。(2)在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can可以表达“能力；可能；许可”等。(3)在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，需后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。2．情态动词的否定式及缩略形式情

态动词否定式缩略形式情态动词否定式缩略形式cancannot/cannotcan'tshallshallnotshan'tcouldcouldnotcouldn'tsouldshouldnotshouldn'tmaymaynot/willwillnotwon'tmightmightnotm

ightn'twouldwouldnotwouldn'tmustmustnotmustn'tneedneednotneedn'tdaredarenotdaren'toughttooughtnottooughtn'tto3.情态动词的主要表意功能用法例句表示能力Thelittleboyca

nreadandwrite.Icouldfeelthegroundshaking.表示可能和推测Thoseofyouwhoarefamiliarwiththegamewillknowthis.Theymadeabetwhichw

ouldsettletheirargument.Oh，youmustbeSylvia'shusband.Itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome.Thatmightnotbetrue.Thereoughttobe

enoughspaceforallofus.表示许可或禁止Youcangooffdutynow.Youcan'topenituntiltwoo'clock.Youmaynotsmokehere.Youshouldn'

ttakeherhelpforgranted.Youmustn'tdothat.表示发出指示或提出请求Willyoupleasetakehertothelibrary?Couldyouoffermeworkhere?CanIaskaqu

estion?Mayweaskwhatyou'redoinginthiscountry？表示提出帮助或发出邀请Willyoustayforlunch?Wouldn'tyouliketocomewithme?MayIhelpyou?ShallIputitinabox？

表示提出建议Youcouldasktheteacherforhelp.Youshouldwritehimaletter.ThecookiesSusanmadearedelicious，yououghttotrysome.表示愿望Wouldyourecommend

theplaytootherpeople?Iwouldliketoknowthedate.I'dlovetogotoyourbirthdayparty.I'drathernotpayyounow.表示义务和需要Youmustcomeatonce.Wehavetowearuniformsat

school.Ioughttobeonmyway.4.情态动词难点透视英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。下面结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。(1)①can表示可能性时，指

的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：Accidentscanhappen.Anybodycanmakemistakes.如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may，could或might等。Wemayspendoursummerholid

aysinHangzhouthisyear.Willyouanswerthetelephone？Itcould/may/mightbeyourmother.②could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用could，因为语气委婉，可

能性就变小了。如：—CouldIuseyourtelephone?—Yes，pleasegoahead.③在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was/wereableto而不能用could。如：Itwasa

holidayandthechildrenwereabletogototheseaside.Thegirlworkedhardsoshewasabletopassthefinaltest.(2)must与haveto

都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。①must只有现在时，而haveto有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：Wemustworkhard，orwe'llfailintheexamination.Yearsago，thepoorgirlhadtole

aveschoolforlackofmoney.②must表示主观看法，haveto则侧重于客观需要。如：Wemustbestrictwithourselvesineverything.Incitieswithm

anycars，somepeoplehavetowearmasks.(3)must表示推测时，其反意疑问句有好几种形式。①“must＋动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用must＋be＋v.­ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，

疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如：Themathematicsteachermustbeintheofficenow，isn'the?②“must＋have＋过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词di

dn't；否则，疑问部分用haven't或hasn't。如：Thechildrenmusthavewateredthetomatoesyesterday，didn'tthey?TheministermusthavearrivedinShanghai，hasn'the?(4)shall

可以用来征求对方意见，用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：Shallshegototheconcertwithusthisevening？(征求意见)Youshallgotothefrontatonce.(命令)Don't

worry.Youshallgettheanswerthisveryafternoon.(允诺)Heshallbesorryoneday.Itellyou.(警告)Nothingshallstopusfromfightingagainstpollution.(

决心)(5)在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用will(这时的will不是情态动词，而是助动词，帮助构成将来时)。如：Ifitwillraintomorrow，weshallnotgotothemountainvilla

ge.(误)Ifitrainstomorrow，weshallnotgotothemountainvillage.(正)当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。如：Ifyouwil

llistentome，I'llgiveyousomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.Ifyouwillcomethisway，themanagerwillmeetyou.(6)should除

表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测或可能。如：TheAmericanfriendsshouldbeherenow.“should/oughtto＋have＋过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，也可以表

示惊讶、责备、赞叹等情绪。如：Youshouldhavetoldheraboutitthedaybeforeyesterday.It'swonderfulthatyoushouldhaveachievedsomuchintheseyears

.“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”是很重要的一种句型，除should外，may，might，must，couldn't，needn't，oughtto等都可以用于这一句型，但要注意使用不同的情态动词句子的意思就有所不同。(7)oughtto与should意思接近，

大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，oughtto则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：Weshould/oughttohelpeachotherandle

arnfromeachotherinourwork.Sheisyourmother，soyououghttosupporther.WeoughttogoandseeMarytomorrow，butIdon'tthinkwewill.(8)need用作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句，而不用于肯定

句。在肯定句中要用must，haveto，should，oughtto或将need当作行为动词使用。如：Weneedreportthemattertothebossimmediately.(误)Wemustreportthemattertothebossimmediately.(正)Weneed

toreportthemattertothebossimmediately.(正)(9)dare与need的用法①dare作为情态动词，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。a．HowdareyousayI'munfair?b．He

daren'tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd，darehe?c．Ifhedarebreaktherule，hewillbepunished.②need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词用时，仅用于否定句或疑问句、条件从句中。意为

“有„„必要”。在肯定句中一般用must，haveto，oughtto或should代替。a．Youneedn'tcomesoearly.b．—NeedIfinishtheworktoday?—Yes，youmust./No，yo

uneedn't.c．Ifyouneedgothere，pleaseletmeknow.③dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式；在否定和疑问句中，dare后可接带to或不带t

o的不定式。a．Idaretoswimacrosstheriver.b．Hedoesn'tdare(to)answer.c．Weneedtimeandmoney.d．Thediningroomneeds/wants/requirescleaningeveryday.＝Thediningro

omneeds/wants/requirestobecleanedeveryday.e．Doesheneedtotakethemedicinethreetimesaday?(10)需要注意的几点：①表示猜测，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经

验之谈”。这时can可以表示客观的可能性，并不牵涉具体的事情是否会发生；要表示某事发生的可能性时需要用could，may，might。Childrencanoftengetillsuddenly.Certainthingsinthehomecanbedangerous，espec

iallyifyouhaveyoungchildren.上面两句可以看作医务工作者或抚养过孩子的人说的话，属“经验之谈”。②may和might表可能性的推测时都不用于疑问句中。如：Can/Coulditbecloudytomorrow？(正)May/Mightitbecloudytomor

row？(误)③must表肯定推测时的否定式是can't/couldn't，不是needn't或mustn't。④should/oughtto＋动词原形：想必现在/将来会„„Thedinnershould/oughttobereadyno

w.Heshould/oughttoringupthisafternoon.⑤will＋动词原形：将来一定/准会„„Tryyourbest，andyourwishwillcometrue.[即学即练]完成句子1．我们必须努力学习，否则就不会通过

考试。Wemustworkhard，orwe'llfailintheexamination.2．这个女孩非常用功，所以她通过了最终的考试。Thegirlworkedhardsoshewasabletopassthefinalexamination.3．你怎么能捉弄我呢？

Howcanyouplayatrickonme?4．——我们今天必须把这些玩具分类完毕吗？——不，你们不必。—Mustwesortthesetoystoday?—No，youneedn't/don'thaveto．5

．我们应当尊重我们的老师和父母。Weshouldrespectourteachersandparents.Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空1．—Can'tyoustayalittlelonger?—It'sgettinglate.Ireallymustgonow.Mydaughter

isathomealone.2．—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?—Iamafraidyoumust，incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.3．He

couldn'tsleep，althoughhetriedto，whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.4．Youmustn'tparkhere！It'sanemergencyex

it.5．Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth，butitmustberegularexercise.6．Thepolicestillhaven'tfoundthelostch

ild，butthey'redoingalltheycan．7．—Whyareyoureyessored？Youcan'thavesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah，Istayeduplatewritingareport.8．

Accordingtothenewly-madetrafficregulation，whoeverdrivesthroughredlightsshallbefinedatleast200dollars.9．G

eorgecan'thavegonetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.10．YoumustbeCarol.Youhaven'tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Alongtim

eago，therewasawoman，1.whohadtwochildren.OnewascalledTom，andtheotherwasnamedJohn.Onedaythewomanwasverypuzzled(疑惑的)．Shehadsomecakesinthekitch

enbuteverynightoneofherchildren2.wouldeatthem.Shethoughtit3.mightbeTombecausehewasverytall4.whileJohnwasverysho

rt.Butshewasn'tsure.Thewomanhadanidea.Sheputthecakesonahighshelf.Thenextday，someone5.ate(eat)someoft

hecakes.“Ah！”saidthewoman.“It6.can'tbeJohn.He'stooshort！It7.mustbeTom！”ShewasveryangrywithTom，8.thinking(think

)，“He9.shallbepunishedforwhathehaddone！”PoorTom.Infact，hehadn'teatenthecakes.ItwasJohn.How？Canyouguess？Yes，he10.musthav

eusedachair!二、过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语thenextday，soo

n等。[观察例句]1．Iwasabouttogettheletter.2．Theysaidtheletterinsidewouldexplainwhatitwasallabout.3．Thedirectorsaid

hewouldmeetthefamousactorthenextday.4．TheyweregoingtofindsomeonetotakepartintheirbetwhentheysawHenrywalkingonthestreetout

side.[归纳用法]1．过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would＋动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Jeffknewhewould

betiredthenextday.Hepromisedthathewouldnotopentheletteruntil2o'clock.Shesaidthatshewouldn'tdothatagain.2．表示过去将来时的其他表达法(1)

was/weregoingto＋动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.(2)was/wereto＋动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。She

saidshewastogetmarriednextmonth.(3)was/wereaboutto＋动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephoner

ang.(4)was/were＋现在分词：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动词是come，go，leave，arrive，begin，start，stop，close，open，die，join，borrow，buy等瞬间动词。Jac

ksaidhewasleavingtomorrow.[即学即练]完成句子1．莉莉说晚上将有一场音乐会。Lilysaidtherewouldbeaconcertthatevening.2．她确信她会成功。Shewassureshewouldsucceed．3．我想知

道我们什么时候出发。Iwantedtoknowwhenweweregoingtosetoff．4．他说运动会就要开始了。Hesaidthesportmeetwasabouttobegin．5．他说他今晚要走。Hesaid

hewasleavingtonight.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Whenhewasyoung，hewouldsitinfrontoftheTVsetforhourseveryday.2．Iwassurethattheywouldnotdothatagain.3．Whenevershehadti

me，shewouldcometoseeus.4．Hesaidthathewasleaving(leave)atsixthenextday.5．Nobodyknewwhyhewasgoing(go)tothebigcity.6．Hehopedhiswife

wascoming(come)soon.7．Hewasabouttoleave(leave)whensomeoneknockedatthedoorofhisoffice.8．Hesaidhewasgoingtolearn(le

arn)Frenchnextweek.9．Inoticedthatitwasgoingtorain(rain)whenIlookedatthesky.10．Hesaidhewouldbeninetyyearsoldintwoyears.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Thetwogentlemenhadbe

enhavingaheatedargumentforacoupleofdays，andhaddecidedtomakeabetwhich1.wouldsettletheirargument.They2.weregoingt

ofind(find)someonetotakepartintheirbetwhentheysawHenrywalkingonthestreetoutside.Theyinvitedhimintotheirhouse，3.whereHenrytoldthemhehadlan

dedinBritain4.byaccident.AlthoughhehadgonetotheAmericanconsulate5.toseekhelp，hehadnotreceivedany.Henryhopedthatthebrothers6.wouldofferhims

omejobsbecausehehadnomoney.Henrygotupsetwiththebrothers7.whentheyseemedtoohappyabouthisbadluck.Theyquicklytoldhimnottofeelthatwayandtheygave

himanenvelopewithmoneyinit.Theysaidtheletterinside8.wouldexplainwhatitwasallabout，buthehadtopostpone9.opening(open)ituntil2o'cl

ock.Henryfeltthatwasodd.ThestoryendedwithHenryleavingtheirhouseandpromisingthathe10.wouldnot(not)opentheletterun

til2o'clock.