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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking——LanguagePoints1．basisn．基础；根据；基点→basicadj.基本的；基础的→basen

．基础，基地2．apologisevi道歉；谢罪→apologyn．道歉；认错3．ignorevi.忽视；对„„不予理会ignorantadj.无知的；不知道的→ignorancen．无知；愚昧4．judgevt.&vi.评价；评判；判断n．法官；审判员；裁判员→j

udgementn．判断；审判；判断力5．narratorn．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者，讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员→narrationn．叙述；讲述；解说6．miningn．采矿；采矿业→minen．矿；矿业→minern．矿工7．patiencen．耐心；忍耐力；

毅力→patientadj.忍耐的，有耐心的→patientlyadv.忍耐地；有耐心地8．indicatevt.&vi.表明；显示vt.象征；暗示→indicationn.表明，暗示；预兆；说明9．oddadj.奇怪的；怪

异的，反常的→oddly奇怪地，怪异地→oddness奇怪；奇妙1．judgevt.&vi.评价；评判；判断n．法官；审判员；裁判员①Hisfatherisafairjudge.法官②Theywerethejudgesattheflowersho

w.评判员③Amanshouldbejudgedbyhisdeeds，nothiswords.判断④Hewasjudgedinnocent.判决2．betn．打赌；赌注vi.&vt.下赌注；用„„打赌vt.敢说①Hebet$2，000onthefinalscoreofthegame.用„

„打赌②Ibetthatyouaretoolate.敢说③We'vegotabetonwho'sgoingtoarrivefirst.打赌3．spotvt.看见；注意到；发现n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹①Theleopardhasspotsalloveritsbody

.斑点②Hisjacketwascoveredwithspotsofmud.污迹③Helikestoliveonthelonelyspotinthesmallisland.地点；场所④Ifinallyspottedmyfriendinth

ecrowd.发现；注意到WordsAndPhrases知识要点1apologise/apologizevi.道歉；谢罪(教材P50)WangZhengapologisedtoChenbecauseheco

uldn'tofferhermoremoney.王真因为不能给陈更多的钱而向她道歉。[例1]Heapologisestoherfornotgoingtoherparty.他因没出席她的派对向她表示歉意。[例2]Ifyouseehim，pleasegivemyapol

ogyfornothavingwrittentohim.如果你见到他，请为没有给他写信的事替我向他道歉。[造句]我写信为本周末不能和你一起游览北京而道歉。I'mwritingyouthislettertoapologisetoyouformynotbeingablet

opayavisittoBeijingwithyounextweek.[知识拓展](1)apologisetosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉apologisetosb.that...向某人道歉„„(2)apolo

gyn.道歉makeanapologytosb.forsth.因某事向某人道歉owesb.anapologyforsth.因„„而应向某人道歉[即学即练]单句语法填空①Billapologisedtohisfriendforhavingkeptherwaitingfor

alongtime.②Imadeanapology(apologise)tomyhostandleftearly.③Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedupapo

logising(apologise)．[小片段助记]IthinkIoweyouanapologyforthedamageIhavedonetoyourbicycle，sonowIapologisetoyouformybadbehaviorandIsincerelyhopeyouc

anacceptmyapologisesandunderstandmysituation.知识要点2ignorevt.忽视；对„„不予理会(教材P50)Also，whilelisteningdon'tignorethespeakers'to

neandintonation—thesecanbeimportantcluestoo.同时，在听的时候不要忽视说话者的语气和语调——这些也是很重要的线索。[例1]Thedriverignoredthetrafficlights.那个司机忽视了红绿

灯。[例2]Ican'tignorehisrudenessanylonger.我再也不能对他的粗鲁不闻不问了。[造句]你没有管上课铃，而是去安静的地方劝你的朋友冷静下来。Youignoredthebellandwenttosomewherequietto

calmyourfrienddown.[知识拓展](1)ignorantadj.无知的；不知道的/没有学识的beignorantof/about...不知道；不了解；无知(2)ignorancen.无知；愚昧[即学即练](1)单句语

法填空①It'sdangeroustoignore(ignore)trafficrules.②Iamquiteignorantof/aboutwhattheyintendtodo.③Hespeaksinadisorderedmann

er，whichbetrayshisshallownessandignorance(ignore)．(2)完成句子①Hecompletelyignoredallthesefacts(忽视所有事实)asth

oughtheyneverexisted.②Georgeignoredhisdoctor'sadvice(不理睬医生的劝告)aboutdrinkingandsmoking.③Shealwaysfeelsignore

d(总是感到被忽视)byherteachers，whichmakesherupset.④Heisignorantofmusic(不了解音乐)．[小片段助记]Hewassoignorantaboutthequest

ionthathecompletelyignoredothersopinionaboutit.Weallfeelashamedofhisignorance.知识要点3inreturn作为回报；作为回应(教材P51)Whenwehelpsomeone，s

houldweexpecttogetsomethinginreturn?当我们帮助某人，我们该期望得到一些东西作为回报吗？[例1]Idon'texpectanythinginreturn.我不指望得到任何回报。[例2]Hewante

dtodosomethinginreturnforthekindnessthatsheofferedhim.他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。[造句]你提到作为回报你想教我英语，这正是我所渴望的。YoumentionedthatyouwouldliketoteachmeEn

glishinreturn，whichisexactlythatIamdyingfor.[知识拓展]inreturnfor...作为„„的交换；作为„„的报答inturn轮流；依次；反过来byturns轮流；

时而„„时而„„on/uponone'sreturn一回来(就„„)areturnticket往返票returnto...回到„„returnsth.tosb.把某物归还某人[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①IwishIcoulddosomethin

ginreturnforthekindnessIhavereceivedfromhim.②Thepeoplebeggedtobeallowedtoreturntotheirhomevillage.(2)完成句子①英语老师让我们轮流背诵课文。OurEnglishteacher

askedustorecitethetextinturn.②她给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。Shegaveusfoodandclothingandaskedfornothinginreturn．③理

论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice．知识要点4judgevt.&vi.判断；评判；评价n．法官；裁判员；评判员；鉴

定人；审判员(教材P51)Shouldwejudgepeoplebasedonhowmuchmoneytheyhave?我们该根据人们拥有的钱的多少来评价他们吗？[例1]Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges，allofwhoma

greedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。[例2]Ifhehadplayedapartinthefilm，hewouldhavebeenjudgedtobethebestactorthisyear

.如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评为今年的最佳男演员了。[造句]从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不要以貌取人。Judgingfromtheabovestory，wecandrawtheconclusionthatw

edon'tjudgeabookby/fromitscover.[知识拓展](1)judge...from/by...从„„来判断judgebetweenrightandwrong判断是非asfarasIcanjudge据我判断；我认为(2)

judgingby/from从„„上看；根据„„判断(3)judgementn.判断；审判；判断力[提示]judgingfrom/by...置于句首作状语。v.­ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：genera

llyspeaking“一般来说”，franklyspeaking“坦白地说”，considering...“考虑到„„”。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Neverjudgeabookby/fromitscover.②Judging(judge)fromwhathesaid，hewascon

fidenttowinthefirstprizeintheChineseCharacterDictationContest(汉字听写大赛)．③Itwasduetoluckratherthanjudgement(judge)thatthedriversucceededina

voidingtheaccident.[小片段助记]Therearefivejudgesinthespeechcontest.AsfarasIcanjudge，itiswrongtojudgethecompetitorsonlyb

ytheirappearance.Ithinkweshouldbelievethejudgementtheymake.However，judgingfromthereports，theresultofithasbeenunclear.知识要点5scenen．(戏剧或歌剧的)

场；现场；场面(教材P52)ACT1，SCENE3第一幕，第3场[例1]Heisgoodatdrawingapeacefulcountryscene.他擅长画宁静的乡村景色。[例2]Theburningbuildingwasasceneofpanicas

everyonerantogetout.人们从起火的大楼逃出来时，一片慌乱的景象。[例3]Ourreporterwasthefirstpersontoarrivethescene.我们的记者是第一个到达出事地点的。[造句]那些默默无闻地为实现这项计划而工作的人们才是真正

的英雄。Thosewhoworkedbehindthescenesaretherealheroesofthisproject.[知识拓展]onthescene在现场；当场；在台上behindthescenes在幕后；暗中comeonthescene出场；

登场[明辨异同]scene/scenery/sight/viewscene指某一处的自然风光。scenery(总称)自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。sight景象，风景，名胜，侧重值得看的事物或很难看的东西和很可笑的事物；视力，眼界。view景色，风景，侧

重从人所处的角度(从远处或高处)所看到的景色。[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①Ninepeoplediedonthesceneandonemorepersondiedinhospitalinthecarc

rash.②Suchdecisionsaremadebehindthescenes，withoutpublicknowledge.③Onreceivingthecall，thepolicerushed

tothescene，whereatrafficaccidenthappened.(2)用scene，sight，view，scenery的适当形式填空①Guilinisfamousforitsbeautiful

scenery．②Thesceneisaperfectdreamwhenyouseethesunrisingslowlyintheeast.③Youcangetawonderfulviewatthetopofthetower.④Theflowersarealovelysightinspring

.知识要点6byaccident偶然地；意外地(教材P52)Asamatteroffact，IlandedinBritainbyaccident.事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。[例1]Themanspottedapolicecarbehin

dhimbyaccident.这个男人无意中发现有辆警车在他后面。[例2]Shedidn'tturnupontime，perhapsbyaccident.她没按时出现，或许是无意的吧。[造句]那个当场被抓的人完全是碰巧在那儿。

Themanwhowascaughtonthescenewastherepurelybyaccident.[知识拓展]bychance偶然；意外onpurpose(＝bydesign)故意地Itisnoaccidentthat...„„不是偶然的。[即学即练]单

句语法填空①Successinlifedoesn'thappenbyaccident.It'stheresultofdevotingyourtimeandenergytowhatyou'vesetouttodo.②Youmakeitsoundas

ifIdiditonpurpose.知识要点7spotvt.发现；认出；点缀；看见；注意到n．斑点；污迹；处所；地点(教材P52)ThenextmorningIwasspottedbyaship.第二天早上，一艘轮船发现了我。[例1]Iplayedjokesonyoujus

tnow.IspottedyouinthecrowdthemomentIsawyou.我刚才是跟你开玩笑的。我一眼就从人群里认出了你。[例2]Ispottedhersittinginthecorner，sighing.我发现她坐在角落

里叹气。[造句]当那个人试图闯入银行时，他被警察当场抓获了。Whenthemanwastryingtobreakintothebank，hewascaughtbythepoliceonthespot/scene.[知识拓展]sp

otsb.doingsth.发现某人正在做某事bespottedwith散布；点缀onthespot/scene当场；在现场[提示]spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句如果缺少状语则用where引导定语从句，从句如果缺少主语或宾语则用

that/which引导定语从句。[即学即练]单句语法填空①IwaswaitingformyfriendwhenIsuddenlyspottedamannotfarfrommestaring(stare)atme.②Moret

hantenpolicementurnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.③Hewasdressedinacoat，whichwasspotted(spot)withstars.知识要点8patiencen．耐

心；忍耐力；毅力(教材P52)Patience.耐心点。[例1]Thebusinessmanansweredallmyquestionswithpatience.这名企业家耐心地回答了我所有的问题。[例2]Theyoungpe

opleupstairsoftenscreamwithlaugheratmidnight.I'mbeginningtolosepatiencewiththem.楼上的年轻人经常半夜尖声大笑，我开始对他们失去耐心了。[造句]她不能容忍通过节食来减肥。Shehasnopatie

ncewithlosingweightthroughdieting.[知识拓展](1)outofpatience/withpatience没有耐心/耐心地havelittle/nopatiencewithsb.对某人几乎没/没耐心lose/runoutofpatiencewithsb.对某

人失去耐心beyondone'spatience无法忍受(2)patientadj.耐心的n.病人bepatientwith...对„„有耐心(3)patientlyadv.耐心地[即学即练]单句语法填空①WheneverImademistak

es，theteacherpointedthemoutwithpatience(patient)．②Yououghttohavepatience(patient)whenothersconsultyou.③Heisjustas

mallchild，soyoumustbepatientwithhim.[小片段助记]Thenurseisverypatientwithherpatients.Whenevertheyhaveanytrouble，shewil

ltakecareofthemwithpatience.Shealwayssays“Treatingthempatientlymakeshercalmandsafe”．知识要点9beabouttodosth.即将或正要(做某事)

(教材P52)Yes，Iwasabouttogogettheletter.是的，我正想去拿信。[例1]Iwasabouttosetoffwhenshedroppedin.我刚要动身，这时她来访了。[例2]

Iwasabouttoleavetheofficewhenthebellrang.我刚要离开办公室，电话就响了。[造句]今天早上我刚要去上学，我叔叔来了。Iwasabouttogotoschoolwhenmyunclecamethismorning.[知识拓展]beabo

uttodosth.正要做„„这时(突然)„„bedoing...when...正在做„„这时突然„„beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做„„这时(突然)„„hadjustdone...whe

n...刚做完„„这时(突然)„„[即学即练]完成句子①约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.②我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。Iw

asabouttogiveupwhenmybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.＝Iwasonthepointofgivingupwhenmybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.③他们刚走了三英里，突然意识到他们的身份证

忘在家里了。TheyhadjustcoveredthreemileswhentheyrealizedtheyhadlefttheirIDsathome.知识要点10postponevt.延迟；延期；延缓(教材P53)...buthehadtopostponeopeningitunt

il2o'clock.„„但是他不得不延迟到两点才能打开它。[例1]Thegamewaspostponedagain，whichmadethestudentsunhappy.比赛又延期了，这使学生们不高兴。[例2

]Itwasanunpopulardecisiontopostponebuildingthenewhospital.延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。[造句]昨天你不应该延迟交作业。Youshouldn'thavepostponedhandinginyourhome

workyesterday.[知识拓展](1)postponedoing...推迟做„„postpone...to/until...延迟„„到„„(2)postponementn.延期；延迟[即学即练]单句语法填空①Let'sp

ostponemaking(make)adecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.②Thesummersportsmeetinginourschoolhasbeenpostponed(postpone)forseveraldaysduetotheheavyrain

.③Riots(骚乱)ledtothepostponement(postpone)oflocalelection.SentencePatterns重点句式1find＋宾语＋宾语补足语(教材P52)...a

ndtowardsnightIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.„„傍晚时分我发现我被一阵大风刮到海上去了。句式分析：find在句中接复合宾语，宾语是myself，宾语补足语是carriedouttos

eabyastrongwind。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系。[例1]Whenshecametolife，shefoundherselfsurroundedbymanypeople.当她醒过来时，发现自

己被好多人围着。[例2]Ifindmyknowledgeoftheprojectlimited.我发现自己对这一项目的了解有限。[造句]甚至最好的作家有时也会发现自己表达不出来。Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselveslostfor

word.[知识拓展]find＋宾语＋宾补，宾补除了用过去分词充当外，还有以下几种形式：find＋宾语＋现在分词（表示主动、进行）形容词/副词/名词介词短语[即学即练]完成句子①我们回到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。Whenwegothome，wefoundalltheli

ghtson．②她发现杰克是个幽默的人。ShefoundJackahumorousman．③他发现他的父亲负债累累。Hefoundhisfatherinheavydebt．④她转过身，发现一个男人在盯着她看。Sheturnedaroundandfoundamanstaringather

．⑤我们四处漫步后发现自己不知不觉回到了饭店。Afterwanderingaround，wefoundourselvesbackatthehotel.重点句式2Itis/was...that...强调句型(教材P52)AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngl

and.正是那艘船把你带到了英国。句式分析：强调句式：“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分”。本句是对句子的主语theship进行的强调[例1]Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkanddeterminationasw

ellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.进一步阅读使我意识到，是苦干、决心和她善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。[例2]Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itis

atthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists.你等错地方了。长途客车是在旅店接送游客的。[造句]正是当我们回家的时候，我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是多么令人愉快。Itwas

whenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.[知识拓展]Itis/was...that...强调句型(1)基本结构为：Itis

/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的部分是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一般用that)(2)强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who.

..(3)强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词＋is/wasit＋that/who...(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①It

isfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.②ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbours.

③ItwasnotuntiltwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.④Iwonderwhatitisthatupsetsmylittlesistersobadly.Ithinkshereallyneedsmyco

mfortthistime.(2)完成句子①汤姆昨天是在哪里丢了他的手表？WherewasitthatTomlosthiswatchyesterday?②贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。Itwasnotunti

lfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.重点句式3That'swhy...句式(教材P52)That'swhywe'vegivenyout

heletter.这正是我们给你这封信的原因。句式分析：Thatiswhy...句式中why引导一个表语从句。[例1]That'swhyhewaslateforclass.这正是他上课迟到的原因。[例2]That'swhyItoldyoualie.这正是我向你撒谎的原因。[造句]那就是为什么英语中

有那么多困难的令人困惑的规则。ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.[知识拓展]This/Thatiswhy...这/那就是为什么„„，这/

那就是„„的原因This/Thatisbecause...这/那是因为„„Thereasonwhy...isthat...„„的原因是„„[提示]表语从句中的why，because以及that可根据“直译法”去判断，也就是语境当中翻

译成“是因为„„”就用because，翻译成“那就是为什么„„”就用why，而如果翻译成“是„„”，在表语从句中多用that。[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①Therealreasonwhypriceswere，andstillare，toohighiscomplex，andnoshortdis

cussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.②Seenfromspace，theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy­onepercentofitssur

faceiscoveredbywater.③Lessismore.Thisiswhywesay：reducethingsbyhalfinsteadofdoublingthem.(2)完成句子①他未经允许就离

开了工作岗位，这就是我生他的气的原因。HewentawayfromhispostwithoutpermissionandthiswaswhyIwasangrywithhim．②那是因为有那么多事情都依赖着他们。Thatisbecausesomanythingsdependont

hem.③他没来是因为他病了。Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcomewasthathewasill.1．Mayweaskwhatyou'redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?[分析]本句为复合句，whatyouaredoing

...和whatyourplansare是两个并列句，作ask的宾语。[译文]可不可以问问，你在这个国家要干点儿什么？你的计划又是什么呢？2．Ifthisisyourideaofsomekindofjoke，Idon'tthinkit'sveryfunny.[分析]本句为复合句

，if引导条件状语从句。在主句中又有宾语从句it'sveryfunny，且don'tthink为否定前置。[译文]如果你们认为这是一个笑话，我可不觉得很好笑。3．Well，whydon'tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout?[分析]本句为复合句，why引导特殊疑问句

。what引导一个从句作explain的宾语。[译文]嗯，怎么不给我讲讲，这究竟是怎么回事呢？教材高考1.Shouldwejudgepeoplebasedonhowmuchmoneytheyhave？(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You

alsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.2....towardsnightIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.(2019·浙江卷)Thev

ideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.3....buthehadtopostponeopeningituntiltwoo'clock(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)postponehisappoin

tment4.AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland.(2019·浙江卷)Itisyouwho/thattaughtmehowtolearnEnglishwell.5.Wa

ngZhengapologisedtoChenbecausehecouldn'tofferhermoremoney.(2017·天津卷)Respondquicklyandbriefly，apologizingforyour

mistake.Ⅰ.单词拼写根据所给汉语提示或首字母提示写出下列单词1．Asisknownteachingisajobrequiresbothskillsandpatience(耐心)．2．Thisplayisdividedintothreeacts，a

ndeachacthasthreescenes(场)．3．Heissotallthathecanbeeasilyspottedinthecrowd.4．Tommadeabetonthematchwith

hisfather.5．Thecoupletookoutalargeloan(贷款)tocuretheirson.6．Nowmanysupermarketareforbiddentousetheplastic

(塑料)bags.7．Wecan'taffordtoignore(忽视)theiradvice.8．Judgingfromhisaccent，Iknowhe'sfromShandongProvince.9．Thebellind

icatedtheendoftheclass，soeveryonerushedoutoftheclassroom.10．Theflighthasbeenpostponedduetothebadweather.Ⅱ.短语填空onthebasisof；

takeoutaloan；inreturn；makeabet；asamatteroffact；byaccident；tobehonest；oughtto；beabouttodosth.；judge...by1．It'swro

ngofyoutojudgeabookbyitscover.2．Hewasabouttogiveuphimselfwhenhewassavedbythepoliceman.3．Doyouthinkhappylifemustbeont

hebasisofmoney?4．MrsSmithspentallhersavingsandtookoutaloantobuythehouseforherson.5．ThewomengaveTom$100i

nreturnforhissavingherson'slifeintheaccident.6．Canyoumakeabetonthegamewithme?7．Imetmyoldfriendbyaccidentonthe

streetyesterdaywhenIwaswalking.8．Asamatteroffact，Henrywascarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.9．Tobehonest，Iwassurprisedh

eknewwhereIwas.10．HeremindedmethatIoughttodoitatonce.Ⅲ.课文语法填空ThestorywassetinLondon.Henry，1.anAmerican，wa

srescuedinthesea2.byaccident.HewaswalkinginLondonstreets，3.hungry(hunger)．Thenhe4.wasspotted(spot)bytworichbrothers，5

.whoinvitedhimtostepintotheirhouse.Thetwobrothers，6.havemade(make)abetonhim，oneofthebrothersbelievesthat7.withamillion­poundba

nknoteamancouldliveamonthinLondon8.whiletheotherdoubtsit，sotheygavehimaletterandaskedhim9.topromise(promise)nottoopenituntil2o'clo

ck，buttheydon'ttellhimthereason10.whyhecan'topenitatonce.