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过去分词作表语和状语一、过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。Thewellissurroundedwithawallonly12incheshigh.井被只有12英寸高的井台包围着。(2)“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结

构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。*Mostoftheskinonhisfacegotburntawayinthefire.在火灾中，他脸上的皮肤大部分烧掉了。(3)过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异。作表语用

的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite,very,rather等修饰词。被动语态表示动作，强调动宾关系，绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。*T

henoveliswellwritten.(系表结构)这部小说写得很好。*ThenoveliswrittenbyLuXun.(被动语态)这部小说是鲁迅写的。(4)有些过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容

词，常见的有：delighted，disappointed，discouraged,drunk,amused,astonished,hurt,interested，crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprise

d,worried，excited,married,puzzled,upset等。*Onhearingthegoodnewseveryonewasveryexcited.听到这个好消息，大家都很激动。*ThebookisveryinterestingandI'

mveryinterestedinit.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。【名师点津】充当形容词的动词-ing形式和过去分词的区别：动词-ing形式一般具有主动意义，表示“起某种作用”，多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉；过去分词一般具

有被动意义，表示“受某种影响”，多用于形容人的感觉。二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1．原因状语*Chokedbytheheavysmoke,hecouldhardlybreathe.他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。*

Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身都湿透了。2．时间状语*Lefttoitselfintheroom,thebabybegantocry.当被独自留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。

*Askedwhyhedidit,themonitorsaiditwashisduty.当被问及他为什么要这么做时，班长说这是他的职责。3．条件状语*Seeninthisaspect,thematterisn'tasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose.

如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们普遍认为的那样严重。*Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。4．方式或伴随状语*Surroundedbyhisstud

ents,theprofessorsattherecheerfully.那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。*Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。5．让步状语*Beatenb

ythepoliceandsenttojail,Gandicreatedtheprincipleofnonviolentresistancefirst.尽管受到了警察的殴打并被投入了监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。*Defeatedagain,hedidn'tloseheart.虽然

再次被击败，但他没有灰心。三、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1．逻辑关系现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。*

Hewentout，shuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后随手关上了门。(he是shut这个动作的发出者，构成逻辑上的主谓关系)*Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于

不知如何是好，他去找父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。*Givenmoreencouragement,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本能表现得更好。(

句子主语theboy与give构成逻辑上的动宾关系)*Facedwithdifficulties，wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构

，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。常见的这种过去分词及短语有：lostin(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、bornin(出生于)、

dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。*Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.因为陷入沉思中，所以他没有听到那个声音。*Borninthisbeautifultown,hehatestoleaveit

.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。2．时间概念过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说

话时正在进行。*Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。*Readingcarefully,hefoundsomethinghehadn'tknownbefore.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。[即学即

练1]过去分词作表语/单句语法填空1．Thefactisthatstoreisnow________(close)．2．Theywere________atthe________news.(excite)3．Thesoundwas________and

hewas________.(frighten)closedexcitedexcitingfrighteningfrightened[即学即练2]过去分词作状语/单句语法填空1．[2019·北京卷]Nervously________

(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．2．[2016·北京卷]________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpect

edtoarriveanytimenow.3．[2015·重庆卷]________(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingaf

ootballstar.4．Clearlyandthoughtfully________(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheiro

wnanswers.5．________(ask)whytheylied,themostcommonreasonwasto“impress”someonetheywerespeakingto.facingOrderedRais

edwrittenAsked6．Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen________(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.

7．___________(notknow)whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.8．When________(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Ph

ilipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.9．________(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancet

obecomefamous.comparedNotknowingaskedOfferedⅠ.单句语法填空1．________(catch)inaheavyrain,hewasallwet.2．________(grow)inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.3．_

___________(surround)byhisstudents,theprofessorsattherecheerfully.4．________(bury)inthenovel,hedidn'tnoticeherentertheroom

.5．________(read)thebookcarefully,hedidn'tnoticehisteacherentertheroom.6．Yesterdayweweredeeply________(move)bythemoviedirectedbyZhangYimou.Ca

ughtGrownSurroundedBuriedReadingmoved7．Iamvery________(delight)atthenewsthatmybrothergotfirstplaceinthelong-dist

ancerace.8．Wewereall________bythe________speechmadebythewell-knownteacher.(inspire)9．Myparentswere________(satisfy)withtheplanforoursumm

ervacation.10．Tonyisreallyamusingandtellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regetting________(bore)．11．________(guide)byanartist,thegirlmadegreatprogress.delig

htedinspiredinspiringsatisfiedboredGuided12．Though________(defeat)manytimes,themandidn'tloseheart.13．________(wo

rry)abouttheirchildren'ssafety,parentstogetherwiththeteacherswentintothemountainsinsearchofthe________(lose)students.14．__

______(praise)bytheheadteacher,Amywasexcitedallday.15．Completely________(examine)bythedoctors,Mr.Leewentbacktoworkrightnow.defeatedWorriedlostPraised

examinedⅡ.句型转换1．Whenitiscompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.→________________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyea

r.2．Ifheisgiventime,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.→__________,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.WhencompletedGiventi

me3．WhenMrSmithwastiredoftheboringspeech,hestartedtoreadanovel.→MrSmith,________________________,startedtoreadanovel.4．Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak

,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.→________________________,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.tiredoftheboringspeechUnlessinvitedtosp

eak