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1/18Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod3DiscoveringUsefulStructures【学习目标】1.Tomasterthebasicusagesoftherestrictiverelative

clauses.2.Tolearntousetherestrictiverelativeclausesmentionedflexibly.【重点难点】1.Toappreciatethefunctionoft

herestrictiverelativeclauses.2.Towriteessaysusingthepropertherestrictiverelativeclauses.【学习过程】【自主探究】Step1:语法自主探究定语从

句（一）——关系代词的用法在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫_____________。定语从句通常由______或关系副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词_________。被定语从句修饰的词叫__________，引导

定语从句的词叫_____________，关系词指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当成分。关系词有两种：关系代词_____________________________和关系副词when,where,why。根据

定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为______________和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子_____________的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要意思，这种定语从句前面不用___

__________隔开；而非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句用逗号隔开，将从句去掉后句子的意思仍然完整，译成汉语时，从句常单独译成一句话，除了that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句

，其他关系词的用法和限制性定语从句关系词的用法相同。关系代词的用法一、判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该2/18句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：1．找准________

__（定语从句前的名词或代词）。2．把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当______________。3．根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的_________。如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语

，表语，则用____________，关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,that,which,as。二、关系代词的基本用法指代关系代词例句1.人Who、whom、thatTheman_________

____isspeakingatthemeetingisafamousscientist.（作isspeaking的主语）在会上讲话的人是一位著名的科学家。He_________doesnotreachtheGreatWall

isnotatrueman.（作doesnotreach的主语）不到长城非好汉。Thisisthefamousscientist(_____________)wevisitedlastweek.（作vis

ited的宾语）这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。2.物That、whichHefinallyworkedouttheproblem______________puzzledhimforalongtime.（作puzzled的主语）他最后解出了这

个令他困惑很久的问题。Thefish(______________)weboughtyesterdaywerenotfresh.（作bought的宾语）我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。3.人的；物的whoseTheyrushedovertohelptheman____________carb

rokedown.（whosecar=theman’scar，作定语，修饰car）他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。Thereisamountain______________topisalwayscover

edwithsnow.(whosetop=themountain’stop，作定语，修饰top)有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山。3/184.句子（在非限制性定语从句中）Which、asTheweatherturnedoutv

erygood,____________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.（which指代“天气最后晴朗起来”，作was的主语）天气最后晴朗起来，这是我们没有料到的。______________everyon

eknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.（As指代“中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家”，作knows的宾语）每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。三、关系代词易错点：1.关系代词的省略关系代词在定语从句中

作_________时，不可省略；做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(作wants的主语不可省略)他就是那个想见你的人

吗？Hangzhouisabeautifulcity(___________)Ialwayswanttovisit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。Hangzhou,_

____________Ivisitedlastweek,isabeautifulcity.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。2.从句中代词的重复多余定语从句中的引导词指代先行词，并在从句中作成分，从句中不能再出现指代该先行

词的代词。判断正误ThebookthatIreadityesterdayisveryinteresting.（）ThebookthatIreadyesterdayisveryinteresting.（）Thi

sisthewomanwhoImetherlasttime.（）ThisisthewomanwhoImetlasttime.（）3.关系代词和代词的误用定语从句的引导词要用关系判断正误Thisistheboyhetoldmeastoryyesterday.（）4/18代词，而不能

用一般代词。Thisistheboywhotoldmeastoryyesterday.（）Thisistheboyhisfatherisourheadmaster.（）Thisistheboywhosefatherisourheadmaster.（）4.what不引导定语从句

定语从句中有关系代词that和which，而没有what，what可以引导名词性从句。Allthatweneedisasupplyofoil.(that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)Whatweneedisasuppl

yofoil.(what引导主语从句)我们需要的是石油供应。5.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用关系代词who/whom，指代

“物”，用关系代词which。Thebasketballstar,_____triedtomakeacomeback,attractedlotsofattention.这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注

。Beijing,____________isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.中国的首都北京是座美丽的城市。Hehasbecomeadoctor,_________hew

antedtobe.他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。6.介词+which/whom先行词在从句中作介词宾语，若介词提前，指代物时，只能用which，不用that；指代人时，只能用whom，而不用who。介词不提前时，用that/which,who/whom都Ihavethebookabo

ut____________youaretalking.=Ihavethebook(that/which)youaretalkingabout.我有你现在谈论的那本书。Themanwith_____________Italke

djustnowisfromBeijingUniversity.=Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedwithjustnowisfromBeijingUniversity.刚才和我谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。5/18可以。7.whose+n.=the+n+of

which=ofwhich+the+n.whose+n.可与the+n+ofwhich互换，而且ofwhich也可置于名词之前，名词之前必须有定冠词the。Iliveintheroom_________windowfacessouth.(whosewindow=theroom’swin

dow)Iliveintheroomthewindowof_________/ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.(thewindowofwhich=thewindowoftheroom

)我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。8.定语从句中的主谓一致：关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句的谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。注意：当先行词为“oneof+复数名词”时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the(only/very)oneo

f+复数名词”时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Heisagoodstudent____________likestohelpothers.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。Theyaregoodstudents_______

______liketohelpothers.他们是乐于助人的好学生。Heisoneofthestudents__________________praised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。Heistheone/theonlyoneofthestudents___

___________praised.他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。四、易混的关系代词辨析：（一）that和which1.用that，不用which的情况①当先行词为不定代词：everything,anything,nothing,all,any,much,many,some,few,litt

le,none等或当先行词被no,some,any,all,much,little等词修饰时，只能用that。Togetthejobstarted,allthatIneedisyourpermission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。Isthereany

thingthatIcandoforyou?有什么要我做的事吗?Heansweredfewquestionsthatwereaskedbythereporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。6/18②当先

行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等词修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.目前我们只能这样了。ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.这正是我找的

钢笔。Hestilllivesinthesamehousethatwevisitedtenyearsago.他还住在十年前我们参观的同一座房子里。③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。Thiswasoneofthemostinterestingbooks________

______weresoldinthisbookstore.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthing________________shouldbedoneistogetsomefood.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。I’mgoing

totalkaboutthecountriesandpeople_________________Ihavevisited.我要谈论一下我所访问的国家和人民。⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。Which

istheT-shirt_____________fitsmemost?那件体恤衫最适合我？2.用which，不用that的情况①在非限制性定语从句中Football,____________isan

interestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。Thisistheroomin__________myfat

herlivedlastyear.=Thisistheroom(that/which)myfatherlivedinlastyear.这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。（二）which和as（引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句内容）1.位置上的区别：as引导的从句可放

在主句首、句末或句中。而which______________isknowntousall,theearthturnsaroundthesun.Theearth,__________isknowntousall,turnsaroundthe7/

18引导的从句只能放在主句之后。sun.Theearthturnsaroundthesun,___________isknowntousall.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。2.语义的区别：as有“正如”之意，因此主句和从句语义一致，而which表示“这

一点”在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用andthis代替，在语义上可以不一致。Mikewonthefirstprize,_______wasexpected.正如所料想的,迈克获得了一等奖。Mikewonthefirstprize,__________wasnotexpected.迈克获得了一等

奖，这一点没被料想到。五、as引导的定语从句的用法（一）as引导的定语从句1.在限制性定语从句中，先行词有such,so,as,thesame修饰时，引导词用as。比较：Ihaveneverreadthebookthatyouhavetalkedabout.我从未读过你谈到的这本书。Ih

aveneverreadsuchaninterestingbookasyouhavetalkedabout.=Ihaveneverreadso/asinterestingabookasyouhavetalkedabout.我从未读过像

你谈到的这样有趣的书。2.在非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句内容。Asweknow,sheisagoodteacher.我们都知道她是一个好老师。Lily,asweexpected,wonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionyesterday.像我们所期望的那样，莉莉

在昨天的比赛中获得了一等奖。（二）易混句式辨析1.such/so…as…和such/so…that…①such/so…as…表“像„„这样的„„”，用来引导定语从Thisissuchaheavystone__________noonecanlift.（作

lift的宾语，是定语从句）8/18句（as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等）②such/so…that…表示“如此„„以致„„”，用来引导结果状语从句。Thisissuchaheavystone_____________noonecanliftit.（

不缺成分，是结果状语从句）这是一块如此重的石头，没人能搬得动。2.thesame…as…和thesame…that…①thesame…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）②thesame…that…表示“同一个”（同一性）Ihaveboughtthesamewatc

h_____________youhave.我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）Thisisthesamewatch______________Ilost.这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）【

课后巩固】一、用正确的关系代词填空1.Thetrees________standbytheriverwereplantedbyus.2.Shenevergivesintothose________havemoney.3.Thisisthebestfilm________hasbeenshow

nsofarinthecity.4.Februaryistheonlymonth________hasfewerthan30days.5.Mysonmadenotesofeverything________heread.6.YesterdayImettheteacher________o

ncetaughtusmaths.9/18Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod1ListeningandSpeaking【学习目标】1.Togetthelisteningskillsandwordsandexpressions

usedinListeningandSpeaking;2.Togetthelisteningstrategies,especiallypickingoutthekeyinformationofthequestions,suchaswhat,when,whe

re,whyandhow.3.Tograspsomeinformationaboutnaturaldisasters.【学习重难点】1．重点（1）在听力之前把握题干中的关键词，并标注出来；（2）熟悉和数字、地点等相关的常见表达。2．难点

（1）听力中涉及到数字一直是学生听力的难点，要让他们对于20以内的数字比较熟悉，才能听到之后立马反应过来；（2）能够先通过读题，找到题干中的关键词。【课前诊断】很多学生在练习听力之前盲目或者不知重点，有些在听力的准备阶段不明确自己读题的意义在哪里，就是因为不会寻找并抓住关键

信息的体现。而本节课的学习重点就是这个，要让学生养成听力事先读题，有的放矢去听寻答案的策略。【学习过程】【自主探究】Step1WatchthevideoaboutNaturalDisastersandthenlookatthephotosinActivity1.Wri

tedowntheirnamesbyyourselves.10/18Step2ListenandtickinActivity2.Step3Circlethekeyword(s)inthequestionsbelowandwritethekindofinformationtheyreferto.

1.Whatwillthemandonext?2.Howoldisthewomannow?3.Whatissmallforthewoman?4.Whatdoesthemanmean?5.Wheredoestheconversationmostpr

obablytakeplace?6.Whatdoesthemanlikeabouthishometown?7.Whatistheweatherlikeinthefallintheman'shometown?8.Whatt

imewastheplaneoriginallyscheduledtoleave?9.Whyisthewomanworried?10.Whydoestheman'sbrothergototheman'splace?11.Wheredoesthemanworkinthem

orning?12.Whatlanguageisthewomanstarting?13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?14.Whatsubjectdoesthemanprobablyprefer?15

.Whatdothewoman'sparentsexpecthertobe?16.Whatisthewomangoodatdoing?17.HowdidtheservantsdealwiththeirearningsinVictoriantimes?

18.Whatwasthenurse’smainduty?19.HowdidtheVictorianupperclassparentstreattheirchildrenactually?20.Whatwillthespeakertalk

aboutnext?【答案】：1.Whatwillthemandonext?11/18What:activity2.Howoldisthewomannow?Howold:number3.Whatissmallforthewoman?4.What:specificitem4.Whatdo

esthemanmean?What:inference/impliedmeaning5.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?Where:place6

.Whatdoesthemanlikeabouthishometown?What:specificinformation7.Whatistheweatherlikeinthefallintheman'shometown?Whatistheweatherlike:weather

8.Whattimewastheplaneoriginallyscheduledtoleave?Whattime:specifictime9.Whyisthewomanworried?Why:reaso

n10.Whydoestheman'sbrothergototheman'splace?Why:reason11.Wheredoesthemanworkinthemorning?Where:place/

address12.Whatlanguageisthewomanstarting?Whatlanguage:languagename13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

What:inferenceofmainidea14.Whatsubjectdoesthemanprobablyprefer?What:subject15.Whatdothewoman'sparentsexpecthertobe

?What:futurejobforthewomen16.Whatisthewomangoodatdoing?What:activityforthewoman12/1817.Howdidtheservantsdealwiththeirearnings

inVictoriantimes?How:wayofdoinginVictoriantimes18.Whatwasthenurse’smainduty?What:activityfornurses19.HowdidtheVictorianupperclassparentstreat

theirchildrenactually?How:wayofdoing20.Whatwillthespeakertalkaboutnext?What:topictotalkaboutStep4ReadandreportinActivity

4._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________Ste

p5PronunciationPayattentiontothelettersinboldandthepronunciationofthe-edendings.Thenwritethewordsintheboxes

carefully.Step6Summary1.Learnsomeimportantinformationaboutnaturaldisasters.2.Graspsomelisteningskills.Unit4NaturalDisasters

—Reading&Thinking【学习目标】1.Tofindouttheparagraphtopicsentences,understandthebasicinformationoftheTangshanearthquake

throughskimming,searchingandotherreadingskills;2.Tosortoutthedetailsoftheparagraph,tounderstandthestrangethingsbeforetheTangshanearthq

uake,thetremendousdestructiveforcecausedbytheearthquake,andtherapidandselflessrescueandreconstructionafterthedisaster;3.Todiscussthethinkingbrought

byearthquakeandsublimatethethemesignificance.13/18【学习重难点】1.Toacquirereadingabilitysuchasskimming,scanningandsummarizing.2.Totalkabouttheprecurso

rbeforetheearthquake,thedamagecausedbytheearthquake,therescueaftertheearthquakeandthereconstructionaftertheearthquake.【

学习过程】1.WhatdoyouknowaboutTangshanearthquake?2.What’sthemainideaineachparagraph?Paragraph1:Paragraph2:Paragraph3:Parag

raph4:Paragraph5:3.Inwhatorderdoestheauthordescribetheearthquake?4.ReadParagraph1answerthefollowingquestions(1)Whatwerethestrangethings?(2

)Whatwaspeople’sreactiontothesestrangethings?(3)Whydidn’tpeoplepayattentiontothesestrangethings/thesignsbeforetheearthquake?(

4)Whendoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout?5.ReadtogetdetailedinformationaboutParagraph2.(1)Howstrongwastheeart

hquake?(2)Howdidthepeoplefeelwhentheearthquakehappened?14/18(3)Whatdoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout?6.Read

togetdetailedinformationaboutPara.3.(1)Whatweredestroyed?(2)Howdoesthewriterdescribe“everythinginthe

city”?(3)Howdidthepeoplefeel?(4)Whatdoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout?7.Readtogetdetailedinformationabou

tParagraph4.(1)Whobroughthopeback?Andwhatdidtheydo?(2)Howdidthepeoplefeelafteralotofpeoplecametorescue?(3)Howwasthecityaft

eralotofpeoplecametorescue?8.ReadtogetdetailedinformationaboutParagraph5.(1)WhatshowstherevivalofTangshan?(2)HowcanTangshanreviveitselfand

getuponitsfeetagain?(3)Intimesofdisasters,howcanwegothroughit?9.Highlightingthethemeandreflecting(1)Makeasum

maryofthetext.timewhathappenedpeople’sresponsebeforeduring15/18after(2)FurtherunderstandthetitleAfterourlearning,whydoyouthinktheearthdidn’tsleepont

hatnight?(3)Reflectthroughdiscussiononwhatcanbelearntafterreading.Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod4ReadingForWriti

ng【学习目标】Towriteasummaryaboutanewsreportproperlyusingsomenewlyacquiredwritingskillsinthisperiod.【学习重难点】Tohaveagoodunderstand

ingofhowtowriteasummaryaboutanewsreport.【自主探究】1.Lead-inStep1:LeadinWhatisatsunami?Whatcausesit?Willitcausegreatdamagetohumans?Watchthevi

deoandexpressyourideas.Step2:Readtodiscoverdetailsconcerningthemainbodyofthenewsreport.Readthenewsreportandthensolvetheq

uestionsbelow.1.Whatiskindoftexttypeis?————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————2.Whenandwheredidthetsunamihappen?——

——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————3.whatcausedthetsunami?——————————————————————————————————16/18———————————————

———————————————————4.Whywoulditbedifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies?————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Step3:Rea

dtosumup1.Afterfinishingthetasksabove,theteacherleadsstudentstofigureoutthesummaryofthenewsreport.AndCheckthemainpointsitincludes.On26Dece

mber2004,atsunami________(kill)morethan6,500tourists，fishermenandmanyotherlocalsinSoutheastAsia.Thousandsofpeopleare________(miss)andthenumberofdeat

hsisexpected________(grow).Thedamage________(cause)bythetsunamiismakingitdifficultforrescueworkerstohelpthe________(survive).datet

imeplaceeventcauseeffectfollowingevents2.Followthestepsbelowtowriteasummaryforthefirsttextcalled“thenighttheearthdidn’tsleep.Readthetextandwritea

listofthemaindetails.●Strangethingshappenedinthecountrysidebeforetheearthquake.●AnearthquakehitChina________________

________Chinaon28July1976.●_______________________________________________________________●_____________

_________________________________________________●_______________________________________________________________Step4:Usewhatyo

uhavelearnttowriteanewsreport•台湾高雄于2016年2月6日发展8时57分发生了6.7级地爬，损失修重，请根据下表提供的信息，为某英语报社写一篇100词左右的新闻报道，报道的标题已给出。•受灾

情况：大量房屋道路被毁;多人受伤，许多人下落不明；供水、供电中断。军队帮助寻找幸存者、挖掘被困人员、掩埋死者。•赈灾措施：从各地运送来淡水和食物；号召群众支援灾区；社会各界和广大民众自愿为灾区捐款。ATerribleEarthqua

ke17/18Yourversion:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step5实践探

究Discusswithyourpartnersandfigureoutthefeaturesofanewsreport:新间报道是____________________的一种，其特点是以_______

______为依据，对人的经历或事实给予明确的、实事求是的报道。基本结构：英语新闻报道通常包括四部分：1．_____________——应当简洁明了。2．________________——是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。3．___________

_____——是消息的主要部分，要用充足的事实表现主题，对导语的内容作进一步的展开和阐述。4．_____________——通常是对全文内容进行概括性的总结。Step6小试牛刀新闻报道佳句：1．陈述事实常用的句型:1)__________________________

_____________________________________一个可怕的地震发生在„„杀死了„„2)_______________________________________________________________地震发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。

大量的建筑物倒塌，道路被毁,许多人无家可归。3)_______________________________________________________________在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。18/

182．陈述观点常用的句型:1).______________________________________________________________显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。2).__________________________

____________________________________地震后整个城市成了一片废墟。3．揭示原因常用的句型：___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________因为/作为…的结果、多亏军队的帮忙，

受伤的人们被立刻送到医院了。