【文档说明】高中英语人教版2019必修第一册定语从句-简单易懂版讲解及练习（综合）.docx，共(10)页，21.940 KB，由小喜鸽上传

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定语从句复习回顾回顾名词从句从句：Hewashesthecareveryday.主句:Ibelieveit.->Ibelievehewashesthecareveryday.简易图演示什么是定语从句从句:Hewashe

sthecareveryday.从句:Thecarisawesome.->Thecarhewasheseverydayisawesome.定语从句的构造主句和从句中必须要有一个相同的元素，例如上面的（thec

ar），这个相同的元素成为“先行词”（不用记，理解就行），然后改写成对应的关系代词（同样也是连接词）。如果先行词是人，则关系代词为who/whom/whose/that;如果先行词是物，则关系代词为which/whose/that先行词在从句中做主语

：从句：Themanwasheshiscareveryday.主句:Themanisrich.Themanwho/thatwasheshiscareverydayisrich.(that做主语不可以省)从句:TheMoviesmakemethin

k.从句:Ilikemovies.Ilikemovieswhich/thatmakemethink.(that不能省)先行词在从句中做宾语：Jackisaman(whom/who/that)Itrustcompletely.(作宾语可省)Itrustthe

mancompletely.Themovie(which/that)Isawlastnightwasexcellent.(Isawthemovielastnight.)先行词在句中做介词后的宾语：在先行词+介词+关系词时，指人用whom物用whichJackisaman(whom

/who/that)youshouldtalkto.(Youshouldtalktohim.)Jackisamantowhomyoushouldtalk.(to提前后,必须用whom,而且不能省略)Thechair(which/

that)youaresittingonisanantique.(Youshouldtalktohim.)Thechaironwhichyouaresittingisanantique.(on提前后,必须用which不能省)先行词在从句中做补语：Afterthestroke,Johnisnott

heman(who/that)heusedtobe.(Heusedtobetheman.)Thename(which/that)Kevincallshisdogisareallyoddone.(Kevincallshisdog

thename.)先行词在从句中做所有格：JackisamanwhosejudgementItrust.(Itrusthisjudgment.)Isawamountainwhosetopwascompletelycoveredinsnow.Isawamountainthetop

ofwhichwascompletelycoveredinsnow.分别由下两句改写来：Themountain’stopwascompletelycoveredinsnow.Thetopofthemountain

wascompletelycoveredinsnow.补充：非限定从句1.Thisismymomwho/thatlovesmeverymuch.Thisismymom,wholovesmeverymuch.哪个对

？Imetafriendwhowenttothesamehighschoolwithme.Imetafriendwhoworkedatthesamecompanywithme.限定从句有指示功能Imatafriend,whoworkedatthesamecompanywit

hme.ImetJackMa,whowenttothesamehighschoolwithme.ImetJackMa,whoworkedatthesamecompanywithme.非限定性，不指代，不具有指示功能，只是个可有可无的补充说明。注意：这句不是非

限。Imetafriend,quitebychance,who(that)wenttothesamehighschoolwithme.(插入语)2.非限可以指代名词代词（限定只能指代名词代词），还可以指代句子的其他部分，或者指整个句子。Peterdrovetoofast,

whichwasdangerous.Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.重点与难点（一）具有强烈的指示功能用that当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是al

l,no,only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.2.Thereisonethingthatke

epsworryingme.（二）在定语从句中，who,that指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下用who,而不用that.A)先行词是one,ones,anyone时，宜用who.Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellt

hetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecr

iticized.B)先行词为those时，宜用who.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourth

ankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.C)当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who.ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinYunnanprovinc

e.D)一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词时that，另一个宜用who.E.g.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.E)在thereb

e开头的句子中，事宜用who.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.Therewasakingwhowaskindtohispeople.Therearemanyoldm

enwhoareagainstthisplan.（三）定语从句的简化表达：1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillr

eachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表

达出来：1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachh

imtomorrow.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：

doing短语，done短语，beingdone短语，tobedone短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1.被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做„.的人/正在发生的事。2.被修饰名词+done短语：被„..的人/事3.被修饰名

词+beingdone短语：正在被„..的人/事4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语：将要被„..的人/事（1）Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?（2）The“crazy”gesture,movingthein

dexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.（3）Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?（4）In

acamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.（5）Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorr

ow.（6）GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.（7）TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.总结：以上做定

语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。beingdone表示正

在被做的3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的，tobedone表示将要被做的（四）定语从句中可以省略关系词的几种情况1.关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who,whom,which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句

末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：Isthereanything(which)youwanted?想要什么东西吗?Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalkingto?刚

才和你讲话的人是谁?2.关系代词作表语时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如：Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)3.关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副词when

通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day,year,time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：Thatwastheyear(that)Ifirstwentabroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’llneverforgettheday(tha

t)wemet.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。4.关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：Thisisth

eplace(where)theymetyesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Haveyousomewhere(that)Icanliedownforanhour?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺5.关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于th

ereason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或forwhich，均可省略。如：That’sthereason(why,forwhich,that)hecame.这就是他来的原因。（五）．定语从句中的主谓一致A）定语从句中的关系代词作主语时，从句谓语

的人称，数要与先行词一致。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?B）as/which作主语引导非限定性从句指全句时，从句谓语用第三人称。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.Asisusu

al,Hanscametoschoollatethismorning.C)先行词为“oneof+复数名词“时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用复数。Freddyisoneofthestudentswhowanttobediplomatsinourclass.D)先行词

为“theonlyoneofthe+复数名词“时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用单数。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeenawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.【典型例题】[例1]Friendshipisneededbya

ll,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it分析：_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendsh

ip用which连接定语从句。[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom分析：_____Iworkedthreeyearsago作为定语从句修饰先行词UncleLi，从句完

整的表达是：IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以关系词前应加上介词with。[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessn

essinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained分析：定语从句_____atthemeetingforhiscarele

ssnessinhiswork修饰先行词thereason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpa

idthanbefore.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose分析：非限定性定语从句_____workisratherhard修饰先行词teachers,它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose[例5]TheOly

mpicGames,_____in776BC,didn’tincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.t

obefirstplaying分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in776BC做定语修饰TheOlympicGames，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。[例6]Thehouses____

_fortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修饰T

hehouses应为ThehousesThehouses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。[例7]Howmanyofus_____,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterested

inthediscussion?A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个

讨论感兴趣呢？_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修饰Howmanyofus做定语。与全句动作同步.[例8]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustral

ia.A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem分析：非限定性定语从句__isworkinginAustralia修饰先行词threechildren，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。ACADCBBB【模拟试题】1.Susanist

heverygirl_____thegooddeed.A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedidC.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrai

nticket.A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.A.whereB.whichC.to

whichD.onwhich4.Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich5.1.Don’tyouthinkthequestion_____tomorrow

isofgreatimportance.A.beingdiscussedB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.todiscuss6.Thefood_____atthemomentisforthedinnerpart

y.A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked7.Doyouknowtheteacher_____underthebigtree?A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingreadACADC/BB

B【试题答案】CCCAC/DC1.CSusan正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词theverygirl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句didthegooddeed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom2.C定语从句_____hecou

ldbuyatrainticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with3.C定语从句_____hedevotedmuchtime意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了

。devote„.tosth.关系词前加介词：to4.A定语从句_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay修饰先行词theday：先行词theday在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的

机会。5.C短语_____tomorrow做定语修饰thequestion，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6.D短语_____atthemoment做thefood的定语,表示：正在做的食物

。Beingdone做定语表示：正在被„„的„„。7.C现在分词短语readingunderthebigtree做定语修饰theteacher表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。