【文档说明】高中英语人教版2019必修第一册定语从句-简单易懂版讲解及练习（综合）.docx，共(10)页，21.940 KB，由小喜鸽上传

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定语从句复习回顾回顾名词从句从句：Hewashesthecareveryday.主句:Ibelieveit.->Ibelievehewashesthecareveryday.简易图演示什么是定语从句从句:Hewashesthecareveryday.从句

:Thecarisawesome.->Thecarhewasheseverydayisawesome.定语从句的构造主句和从句中必须要有一个相同的元素，例如上面的（thecar），这个相同的元素成为“先行词”（不用记，理解就行），然后改写成对应的关系代词（同样也是连接词）。如果先行词是人，则

关系代词为who/whom/whose/that;如果先行词是物，则关系代词为which/whose/that先行词在从句中做主语：从句：Themanwasheshiscareveryday.主句:Themanisrich.Themanwho/tha

twasheshiscareverydayisrich.(that做主语不可以省)从句:TheMoviesmakemethink.从句:Ilikemovies.Ilikemovieswhich/thatmakemethink.(that不能省)先行词在从句中做宾语：

Jackisaman(whom/who/that)Itrustcompletely.(作宾语可省)Itrustthemancompletely.Themovie(which/that)Isawlastnightwasexcellent.(Isawthemovielastnight.)先行词在句

中做介词后的宾语：在先行词+介词+关系词时，指人用whom物用whichJackisaman(whom/who/that)youshouldtalkto.(Youshouldtalktohim.)Jackisamantowhomyoushouldtalk.(to提前后,必须用

whom,而且不能省略)Thechair(which/that)youaresittingonisanantique.(Youshouldtalktohim.)Thechaironwhichyouaresittingisanantique.(on提前后,必须用wh

ich不能省)先行词在从句中做补语：Afterthestroke,Johnisnottheman(who/that)heusedtobe.(Heusedtobetheman.)Thename(which/that)Kevincallshisdog

isareallyoddone.(Kevincallshisdogthename.)先行词在从句中做所有格：JackisamanwhosejudgementItrust.(Itrusthisjudgment.)Isawamo

untainwhosetopwascompletelycoveredinsnow.Isawamountainthetopofwhichwascompletelycoveredinsnow.分别由下两句改写来：Themountain’stopwascompletelycove

redinsnow.Thetopofthemountainwascompletelycoveredinsnow.补充：非限定从句1.Thisismymomwho/thatlovesmeverymuch.Thisismymom,wholov

esmeverymuch.哪个对？Imetafriendwhowenttothesamehighschoolwithme.Imetafriendwhoworkedatthesamecompanywithme.限定从句有指示功能Imatafriend,whoworkedatthesamecompa

nywithme.ImetJackMa,whowenttothesamehighschoolwithme.ImetJackMa,whoworkedatthesamecompanywithme.非限定性，不

指代，不具有指示功能，只是个可有可无的补充说明。注意：这句不是非限。Imetafriend,quitebychance,who(that)wenttothesamehighschoolwithme.(插入语)2.非限可以指代名词代词（限定只能指代名词代词），还可以指代句子的其他部分，或者指

整个句子。Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.重点与难点（一）具有强烈的指示功能用that当先行词有最高级，序数

词修饰，是不定代词，或是all,no,only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.2.Thereisone

thingthatkeepsworryingme.（二）在定语从句中，who,that指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下用who,而不用that.A)先行词是one,ones,anyone时，宜用who.Onewhohasnothingtofearf

oroneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecr

iticized.B)先行词为those时，宜用who.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstotho

sewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.C)当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who.Imetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywh

ogrewupinYunnanprovince.D)一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词时that，另一个宜用who.E.g.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthe

groupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.E)在therebe开头的句子中，事宜用who.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.Therewasa

kingwhowaskindtohispeople.Therearemanyoldmenwhoareagainstthisplan.（三）定语从句的简化表达：1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2

.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewe

lcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1.Themansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfrom

WuhanUniversity.2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourc

lassat7:45.说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，beingdone短语，tobedone短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1.被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做

„.的人/正在发生的事。2.被修饰名词+done短语：被„..的人/事3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语：正在被„..的人/事4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语：将要被„..的人/事（1）Doyouknowthemantalkin

gtomysister?（2）The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.（3）Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?（4）I

nacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.（5）Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.（6）Goodsimportedfromabroa

darenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.（7）TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种

形式作定语。1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。b

eingdone表示正在被做的3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的，tobedone表示将要被做的（四）定语从句中可以省略关系词的几种情况1.关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who,whom,which和th

at在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：Isthereanything(which)youwanted?想要什么东西吗?Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalk

ingto?刚才和你讲话的人是谁?2.关系代词作表语时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如：Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)3.关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副

词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day,year,time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：Thatwastheyear(that)Ifirstwentabroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’llneverforgettheday(tha

t)wemet.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。4.关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,n

owhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：Thisistheplace(where)theymetyesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Haveyousomewhere(that)Icanliedownforanhour?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺5

.关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于thereason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或forwhich，均可省略。如：That’sthereason(why,forwhich,that)hecame.这就是他来的原因。（五）．定语从句中的主谓一致A）定语从句中的关系代词作

主语时，从句谓语的人称，数要与先行词一致。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?B）as/which作主语引导非限定性从句指全句时，从句谓语用第三人称。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.Asisusual

,Hanscametoschoollatethismorning.C)先行词为“oneof+复数名词“时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用复数。Freddyisoneofthestudentswhowanttobediplomatsinourclass.D)先行

词为“theonlyoneofthe+复数名词“时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用单数。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeenawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.【典型例题】[例1]Friendshipisneededby

all,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it分析：_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。

[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom分析：_____Iworkedthreeyearsago作为定语从句修饰先行词UncleLi，从句完整的表达是：IworkedwithUn

cleLithreeyearsago.所以关系词前应加上介词with。[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD

.whyheexplained分析：定语从句_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修饰先行词thereason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句

中做宾语。[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose分析：非限定性定语从

句_____workisratherhard修饰先行词teachers,它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose[例5]TheOlympicGames,_____in776BC,didn’t

includedwomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳

女运动员。_____in776BC做定语修饰TheOlympicGames，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。[例6]Thehouses_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwil

lstartsoon.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修饰Thehouses

应为ThehousesThehouses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。[例7]Howmanyofus_____,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedint

hediscussion?A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportan

ttous修饰Howmanyofus做定语。与全句动作同步.[例8]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustralia.A.whoB.oneofwhomC.on

eofthemD.noneofthem分析：非限定性定语从句__isworkinginAustralia修饰先行词threechildren，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。ACADCBBB【模拟试题】1.Susanistheverygirl___

__thegooddeed.A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedidC.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.A.bywhichB.o

nwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich4.

Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich5.1.Don’tyouthinkthequestion_____tomorrowis

ofgreatimportance.A.beingdiscussedB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.todiscuss6.Thefood_____atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.A.cookedB.tobecooke

dC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked7.Doyouknowtheteacher_____underthebigtree?A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingreadACADC/BBB【试题答案】CCCAC/DC1.CSusan正是我认

为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词theverygirl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句didthegooddeed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom2.C定语从句_____hecouldbuyatrai

nticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with3.C定语从句_____hedevotedmuchtime意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote„.tosth.关系词前加介词：to4.A定语从句_____Iwasgivenanopportun

itytoactintheplay修饰先行词theday：先行词theday在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。5.C短语_____tomorrow做定语修饰thequestion，根据表达的

内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6.D短语_____atthemoment做thefood的定语,表示：正在做的食物。Beingdone做定语表示：正在被„„的„„。7.C现在分词短语readingunderthebi

gtree做定语修饰theteacher表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。