【文档说明】《被动语态讲解》PPT课件8-九年级全一册英语【人教新目标版】.ppt，共(89)页，1.919 MB，由小喜鸽上传

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被动语态讲解英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)Whatisit?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetre

ewasplantedbyus.WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoi

ce）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动

语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态)Whentouseit?（1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书

是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptoth

espeaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如,TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.如

，AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.theStructureis助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(be+V.P.P)一般现在时：am/is/

aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedon

e;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbike

isbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几

年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照

顾。2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksar

emadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语

变为介词by的宾语。典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoe

sinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语.bythem.Tom

brokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.一般现在时的被

动语态：am/are/is+过去分词1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Footballalloverthe

world.Wethisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedth

emachinestomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWalllongago.Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)wer

eused(byus)tomake一般将来时的被动语态：will/begoingto+be+过去分词6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiarynextclass.Abirt

hdayparty.willbewritten(byus)isgoingtoheldbyTom情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等+be+过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.9.

Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpotteryatonce.Ourhomework.mustbethrownaway(byyou)hastobefinish

ed(byus)ontimeHeridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.Thes

nowmaniscalledMrStrong.Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom.Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．T

encomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruit

swereboughtforhisfriendyesterday4．AbycantakegoodcareofTina．TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby.情态动词：S+can/m

ay/must/should+be+过去分词Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.“W

emustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Thewor

kwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadto

morrow.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分

词Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has

+been+过去分词Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflas

tweek.ManylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweekTheywouldhaveapartythenextday.Apartywouldbehad(bythem)thenextday.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthing

s.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________t

wiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturn

thebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomeals

aday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadet

ohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork___

__________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________

________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedT

omtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework____________

___bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismed

icinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.Ger

man_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalked

bythemAnswerrightorwrong•1.必须照看好孩子们。•Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()•Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()•2.这本书是鲁迅写的。•

ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()•ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()•3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。•Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterda

y.()•Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR•4.这辆自行车能修吗？•Canthisbikemended?()•Canthisbikebemended?()•5.街道已由他们清理了。•Thestreethasbeencleanedb

ythey.()•Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWRTheymadeshoesinthatfactory.Theywillmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmak

eshoesinthatfactory.Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhadmadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyaremakingsh

oesinthatfactory.Theyweremakingshoesinthatfactory.１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．（１）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.Jimwasmad

etodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.watchlethavehearseenotice一些特殊结构的被动结构:（1）感觉动词(hear,see等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let,make等)改被动语态如动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接宾语补足

语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。如：Isawhimfalloffthetree.→Hewasseentofalloffthetree.思考2：12．IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.Sheinthemorn

ing.isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs14．Hemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorseallday.15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.Ioutforapicnic.ismadeto

workwaslettogo口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（hear,let，have,make,see,watch…)helpsb(to)V------behelpedtoV.•Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom

.•Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingf

ootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….三，带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加to或for.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.=Iwasbough

tanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.JackhasgivenTomabook.=AbookhasbeengiventoTom

byJack.=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是:（1）将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。（2）将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.Bobse

ntKatealetterlastyear.=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegives

endshowteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.makebuydrawsing…forIboughtmybrotheraboo

k.buy,make,get,sing思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：10．Wegavehimsomebooks.→He.→Somebooks.wasgivensomebooks(byus)weregiventohi

m(byus)注意:约翰打开了收音机。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof

byGrandma.注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.动词短语的被动语态takecareof→betakencareofcu

tdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterTheysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.

类似的还有：Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......Wereport1).不及物动词没有被动语态。如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die

,arrive,,breakout,appear,last,start等。*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhave

aTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态这

鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefishtastesgood.Thescarffeelssoft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself

．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebooksellswell.Thiskindofclothwashesveryw

ell.这书卖完了。Thebookissoldout.这块表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneedtomendthewatch.want知识运用一、单项选择：1.Onlythirty-eightide

asbythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihuaat6:30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschoo

l.（2006）A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenupDD3．Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencare

B.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMissGreentwominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(200

4)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDB5.Mr.Johnson’sstorybyeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughe

dC.laughedD.waslaughedatD二、请把下面句子改为被动语态1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.→Jackcarefullyhowtouseit.2.Beijingwillholdthe29thO

lympicGamesin2008.→The29thOlympicGamesin2008.wasshowedwillbeheldbyBeijing3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.→.→.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasket

ballat3:00yesterday.→Theboy_________________at3:00yesterday.WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDengwasseentoplaybasketballEngli

shistaughttousbyMissDeng5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.→Ourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.shouldbemadetobecome练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。

1.Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition(竞赛）.2.Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours.3.Wetookmanyphotos.4.Theyusethisroomforplayingtableten

nis.5.Thebankbuiltaparkforthem.Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub.Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplaye

rineighthours.Manyphotosweretakenbyus.Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank.Thisroomisusedforplayingtabletennisbythem.•中考被动语态考题1.

Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题）AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowin

g2.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）Aaren’ttakeawayBtakenawayCisn’ttakenawayDbetakenaway3.He_________(tell)toreturnh

isbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）wastold5.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）——————another

man-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeople

therelastyear.(青岛市中考题）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm（上海市中考题）TTheysentupwereplantedaregrown一、选择正确答案：1.Doyouknowwhat

_____________?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled2.Mylostcar________________yesterday.A.willbef

oundB.wasfoundC.hasfoundD.found3.Whowasthebook___________?A.writtenbyB.willbewritebyC.hasbeenwrittenwithD.canbewrittenby4.AnEnglishsong________ont

heradioyesterday.A.willteachB.wastaughtC.hastaughtD.canbeteachCBAB二、用所给词的正确形式填空。(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.Allth

equestions_____________correctly.2.Morethantwothirdsoftheearth________withwater.3.OurcityBeijing.4.Allthem

agazines____________totheschoollibrarylastweek.5.Thisnewmechine(机器）_________byMr.Blacklastyear..6.Allthewordsonthebackofthecard.iscoveredwer

ereturnedwasinventedwasanswerediscalledarewritten5)Exercises:一.选择填空:1.Windows_____ofglass.A.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD

.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.A.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.A.beusedB.is

usedC.beenusedD.usedCCA•4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.•A.aremadeinB.ismade•C.aremadefromD.made•5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.•A.ofB.fromC

.inD.by•6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.•A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin•7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhou.•A.isproducedB.areproduced

•C.producedD.isproducesAADA1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_______________well.(照顾)3._____thisbuilding_________(

建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(举行)inBeijingin2008.w

asopenedbelookedafterWasbuiltwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Thebike__________(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterd

ay.2)Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.3)Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.4)French___________(speak)inFrance.5)Teenager

sshould_________(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.wasfixedareusedisputisspokenbeallowed练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时

态的一致）1Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.2Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyismadebypeople.3DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChin

a?IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?4Theydidn’tvisitthecitytwoyearsago.Thecitywasn’tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.5

Wheredidyoumakethem?Whereweretheymadebyyou?一用适当的形式填空1Historyis_________bythepeople.(make)2Heisoften_

__________todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3Thebook___________byhimlastyear.(write)4Theradio______________lastweek.(mend)5Sometrees___

_____________onthehillthisspring.(plant)6Anewsubway_____________(build)nextyear.7She______________(take)tothehospitalal

ready.8Thousandsofsatellites______________(send)upintothespacesofar.9Theysaidthey_________________(invite)tothepartyalready.10Thetrains_

________________(produce)inZhuzhou.11Youngtreesshould______________(water)often.madeaskedwaswrittenwasmendedhavebeenplantedwillbebuilthasbeentake

nhavebeensenthadbeeninvitedareproducedbewateredMultipleChoice:1.()Ifthework________,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefini

shedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade______intheclassroom.4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheri

ver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow5.()Ilikemybike.It________verywell.A.ri

desB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA3.()Kate_______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrit

tenC.hadwrittenD.iswritingA.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayedC6.()—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom______,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.8.()Thechildrenm

ust_______.9.()Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat_______inherhometownDDBA.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited7.()EveryonewhoheardMr.Green’sstory___

__________it.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatAA.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappen

edwhileshewasaway.A.lookafterB.betakengoodcareC.lookthesameD.betakengoodcareof10.()—Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.—Yes.Mybike_

__________.A.ismendingB.isbeingmendedC.ismendedD.isbeingmendingB1.AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.Thetelephonewasinve

ntedbyAlexanderGrahamBellin1876.2.Themanagerhasnotsignedthepapers.Thepapershavenotbeensignedbythemanager.主+谓+宾3.Ipostedthatletterlastnight.Th

atletterwaspostedlastnight.4.Theyknowthatheisanexpert.Itisknownthatheisanexpert.有时by可以省略.主+谓+宾+宾1.Hetoldhera

longstory.Shewastoldalongstory.Alongstorywastoldtoher.2.Motherboughtmeanewcoat.Iwasboughtanewcoat.Anewcoatwasboughtforme.Di

dhefinishtheworkyesterday?Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?Didthegirltakeawaythebooks?WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?______Tom______thewindow?

DidbreakWastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?__thisquestionoften_____about______?Ist

alkedbythemDoesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?Isn’tcleanedHetoldustogettoschoolearly

.Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight.Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim.Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight.---Didyougototheparty?---No,I

____________(invite)wasn’tinvitedThebridge______________inthreeweeks.(finish)Youcangooutifyourhomework______(do)willbefinishedisdoneT

hisisoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.wereseenWhenwasPRC_________(found)?wasseenThisisthonlyone

ofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.foundedYoushouldgetyourshoes_______(wash)washed