【文档说明】《被动语态讲解》PPT课件8-九年级全一册英语【人教新目标版】.ppt，共(89)页，1.919 MB，由小喜鸽上传

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被动语态讲解英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)Whatisit?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.We

speakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被

动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了

。ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态)Whentouseit?（1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指

出谁是动作的执行者时。（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookwerefoun

dinthe1920s.被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如,TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不

必说出.如，AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.theStructureis助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(be+V.

P.P)一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeen

done过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswr

ittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwec

alledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。T

heworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连

系动词时一样。如：Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.在改写中应注意

：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclas

sroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修

改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语.bythem.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrok

ethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is+过去分词1.Peopleplayfootballalloverthewo

rld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Footballallovertheworld.Wethisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)一般过去时的被动语

态：was/were+过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren.Th

eGreatWalllongago.Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)wereused(byus)tomake一般将来时的被动语态：will/begoingto+be+过去

分词6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiarynextclass.Abirthdayparty.willbewritten(byus)isgoingtoheld

byTom情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等+be+过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Theb

rokenpotteryatonce.Ourhomework.mustbethrownaway(byyou)hastobefinished(byus)ontimeHeridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Them

otorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.Weusuallyhearhimplayint

henextroom.Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(byth

em)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisf

riendyesterday4．AbycantakegoodcareofTina．TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词Hecancarrythebasket

easily.Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedo

gsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+

过去分词Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.Someworkersarepaintingtherooms

now．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.Asportsm

eetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词Workershavebuiltthehousesin

cetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manylettershadbeen

receivedbytheendoflastweekTheywouldhaveapartythenextday.Apartywouldbehad(bythem)thenextday.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_______

_____forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twicea

month.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________t

oreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He________________________

___onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmad

etohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinish

ourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfuls

tamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.Theteacherasked

Tomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeni

nthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedici

ne______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsin

thisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstal

kedbythemAnswerrightorwrong•1.必须照看好孩子们。•Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()•Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()•2.这本

书是鲁迅写的。•ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()•ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()•3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。•Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()•Thatpencilwasgiv

entomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR•4.这辆自行车能修吗？•Canthisbikemended?()•Canthisbikebemended?()•5.街道已由他们清理了。•Thestr

eethasbeencleanedbythey.()•Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWRTheymadeshoesinthatfactory.Theywillmakesh

oesinthatfactory.Theywouldmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhadmade

shoesinthatfactory.Theyaremakingshoesinthatfactory.Theyweremakingshoesinthatfactory.１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．（１）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJ

imdohishomeworkathome.JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.watchlethavehearseenotice一些特殊结构的被动结构:（1）感觉动词(hear,see等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(l

et,make等)改被动语态如动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。如：Isawhimfalloffthetree.→Hewasseentofalloffthetree.思考2：12．Iu

suallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.Sheinthemorning.isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs14．Hemakesherhorsewo

rkallday.Herhorseallday.15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.Ioutforapicnic.ismadetoworkwaslettogo口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（he

ar,let，have,make,see,watch…)helpsb(to)V------behelpedtoV.•Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom.•Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.(2)seesb.d

oingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….三，带有

双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加to或for.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasbough

tformebymymother.JackhasgivenTomabook.=AbookhasbeengiventoTombyJack.=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是:（1）将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语

(物)不变。（2）将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.BobsentKatealetterlastyear.=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.=AletterwassenttoKatebyB

oblastyear.tellaskbringwritegivesendshowteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmadeformebyMum.makebuydrawsing…forIboughtmybrotherabook.buy,make,get,sing思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：10．Wegavehimsomebooks.→He.→Som

ebooks.wasgivensomebooks(byus)weregiventohim(byus)注意:约翰打开了收音机。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Gra

ndmatakescareofmysister.MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma.注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopoli

tely.动词短语的被动语态takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterTheysaidthathe

wouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.类似的还有：Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......Wereport1).不及物动词没有被动语态。如：belong,ha

ppen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,,breakout,appear,last,start等。*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscit

y.*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackb

oardislookedatbyyou．4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefishtastesgood.Thescarffeelssoft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例

如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebooksellswel

l.Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.这书卖完了。Thebookissoldout.这块表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneed

tomendthewatch.want知识运用一、单项选择：1.Onlythirty-eightideasbythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihuaat6:30thi

smorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool.（2006）A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenupDD3．Aneighbourhe

lpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMiss

Greentwominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDB5.Mr.Johnson’sstorybyeveryonewhoheardit.

(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatD二、请把下面句子改为被动语态1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.→Jackcareful

lyhowtouseit.2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.→The29thOlympicGamesin2008.wasshowedwillbeheldbyBeijing3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.→.→

.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.→Theboy_________________at3:00yesterday.WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDengwa

sseentoplaybasketballEnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.→Ourcount

rymoreandmorebeautiful.shouldbemadetobecome练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。1.Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition(竞赛）.2.Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameinei

ghthours.3.Wetookmanyphotos.4.Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis.5.Thebankbuiltaparkforthem.Awritingco

mpetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub.Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours.Manyphotosweretak

enbyus.Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank.Thisroomisusedforplayingtabletennisbythem.•中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingint

oit.(南京市中考题）AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）Aaren’ttakeawayBtakenawa

yCisn’ttakenawayDbetakenaway3.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）wastold5.Anotherman-madesatelli

tewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）——————anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees___

_______bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm（上海市中考题）TTh

eysentupwereplantedaregrown一、选择正确答案：1.Doyouknowwhat_____________?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled2.Mylostcar________________yesterda

y.A.willbefoundB.wasfoundC.hasfoundD.found3.Whowasthebook___________?A.writtenbyB.willbewritebyC.hasbeenwritten

withD.canbewrittenby4.AnEnglishsong________ontheradioyesterday.A.willteachB.wastaughtC.hastaughtD.canbeteachCBAB

二、用所给词的正确形式填空。(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.Allthequestions_____________correctly.2.Morethantwothirdsof

theearth________withwater.3.OurcityBeijing.4.Allthemagazines____________totheschoollibrarylastweek.5.Thisnewmechine(机器）______

___byMr.Blacklastyear..6.Allthewordsonthebackofthecard.iscoveredwerereturnedwasinventedwasanswerediscalledarewritten5)Exercises

:一.选择填空:1.Windows_____ofglass.A.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.A.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.

used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.A.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA•4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.•A.aremadeinB.ismade•C.aremadefromD.made•5.Thisd

eskismade_____wood.•A.ofB.fromC.inD.by•6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.•A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin•7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhou.•A.i

sproducedB.areproduced•C.producedD.isproducesAADA1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_____

__________well.(照顾)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不

建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(举行)inBeijingin2008.wasopenedbelookedafterWasbuiltwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbehe

ld用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Thebike__________(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2)Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.3)Ap

icture_________(put)upontheblackboard.4)French___________(speak)inFrance.5)Teenagersshould_________(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.wasfixeda

reusedisputisspokenbeallowed练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.2Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyis

madebypeople.3DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina?IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?4Theydidn’tvisitthecitytwoyearsago.Th

ecitywasn’tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.5Wheredidyoumakethem?Whereweretheymadebyyou?一用适当的形式填空1Historyis_________b

ythepeople.(make)2Heisoften___________todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3Thebook___________byhimlastyear.

(write)4Theradio______________lastweek.(mend)5Sometrees________________onthehillthisspring.(plant)6Anewsubway_____________

(build)nextyear.7She______________(take)tothehospitalalready.8Thousandsofsatellites______________(send)upintothespacesofar.9Theysaidthey_____________

____(invite)tothepartyalready.10Thetrains_________________(produce)inZhuzhou.11Youngtreesshould______________(water)often.madeaskedwaswr

ittenwasmendedhavebeenplantedwillbebuilthasbeentakenhavebeensenthadbeeninvitedareproducedbewateredMul

tipleChoice:1.()Ifthework________,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingh

eavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade______intheclassroom.4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrow

nB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow5.()Ilikemybike.It________verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA3.()Ka

te_______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswritingA.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.staye

dC6.()—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom______,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.8.()Thechildrenmust_______.9.()Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat_

______inherhometownDDBA.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited7.()EveryonewhoheardMr.Green’sstory_____________it.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD

.waslaughedatAA.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappenedwhileshewasaway.A.lookafterB.betakengoodcareC.lookthesameD.be

takengoodcareof10.()—Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.—Yes.Mybike___________.A.ismendingB.isbeingmendedC.ismendedD.isbeingmendingB1.Alexa

nderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBellin1876.2.Themanagerhasnotsignedthe

papers.Thepapershavenotbeensignedbythemanager.主+谓+宾3.Ipostedthatletterlastnight.Thatletterwaspostedlastnight

.4.Theyknowthatheisanexpert.Itisknownthatheisanexpert.有时by可以省略.主+谓+宾+宾1.Hetoldheralongstory.Shewastoldalongstory.Alo

ngstorywastoldtoher.2.Motherboughtmeanewcoat.Iwasboughtanewcoat.Anewcoatwasboughtforme.Didhefinishtheworkyesterday?Wer

ethebookstakenawaybythegirl?Didthegirltakeawaythebooks?WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?______Tom______thewindow?DidbreakW

astheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?__thisquestionoften_____about______?IstalkedbythemDoesn’

tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?Isn’tcleanedHetoldustogettoschoolearly.Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnigh

t.Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim.Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight.---Didyougototheparty?---No,I____________(invite)wasn’tinvitedThebridge_________

_____inthreeweeks.(finish)Youcangooutifyourhomework______(do)willbefinishedisdoneThisisoneofthethingsthat________

_(see)thatday.wereseenWhenwasPRC_________(found)?wasseenThisisthonlyoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.foundedYoushouldgetyourshoes_______(wash)

washed