【文档说明】《被动语态讲解》PPT课件8-九年级全一册英语【人教新目标版】.ppt，共(89)页，1.919 MB，由小喜鸽上传

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被动语态讲解英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)Whatisit?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedb

yus.WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的

承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们

打扫了。ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态)Whentouseit?（1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者

。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookwerefoundinthe

1920s.被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如,TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动

作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.如，AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.theStructureis助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(be+V.P.P)一

般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;

begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrok

enbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。

Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthre

ehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：Th

edeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterd

ay.在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassr

oomiscleaned(byus)everyday.主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.are

were3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语.bythem.Tombrokethewindow.Thewindowwasbr

okenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.一般现在

时的被动语态：am/are/is+过去分词1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Footballallovertheworld.Wethisterm.isplay

edbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachin

estomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWalllongago.Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)wereused(byus)tomake一般将来时的被动语态：will

/begoingto+be+过去分词6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiarynextclass.Abir

thdayparty.willbewritten(byus)isgoingtoheldbyTom情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等+be+过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebr

okenpotteryawayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpotteryatonce.Ourhomework.mustbethrownaway(byyou)hastobefi

nished(byus)ontimeHeridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.Wecal

lthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom.Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom.2.Th

eyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfrie

ndwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday4．AbycantakegoodcareofTina．TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby

.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongsc

anbesungbythem.“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.3.Theywillfinishthewo

rkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.

Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.Asportsme

etingisbeingheld(bythem)now.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyea

rsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manylettershadbeenreceivedbyt

heendoflastweekTheywouldhaveapartythenextday.Apartywouldbehad(bythem)thenextday.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_

___________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.ar

eusedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toretur

nthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_____________

______________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeu

sed7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________toda

y?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulsta

mps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_____

__________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywom

eninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreet

imesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.Thestudentsinthis

schoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______t

hisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythemAnswerrightorwrong•1.必须照看好孩子们。•Thechildrenmustbetakeng

oodcare.()•Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()•2.这本书是鲁迅写的。•ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()•ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()•3

.昨天那支笔是他给我的。•Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()•Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR•4.这辆自行车能修

吗？•Canthisbikemended?()•Canthisbikebemended?()•5.街道已由他们清理了。•Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()•Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WR

WRTheymadeshoesinthatfactory.Theywillmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemadeshoesintha

tfactory.Theyhadmadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyaremakingshoesinthatfactory.Theyweremakingshoesinthatfactory.１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．（１）makesb.do

sth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.watchlethavehearseenotice一些特殊结构的被动结构:（1）感觉动词(hear,se

e等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let,make等)改被动语态如动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。如：Isawhimfalloffthetr

ee.→Hewasseentofalloffthetree.思考2：12．IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.Sheinthemorning.isusuallyheardtosi

ngEnglishsongs14．Hemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorseallday.15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.Ioutforapicnic.ismadetoworkwaslettog

o口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（hear,let，have,make,see,watch…)helpsb(to)V------behelpedtoV.•Hehelpedtheold

man(to)cleantheroom.•Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingf

ootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….三，带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加to或for.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.

=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.JackhasgivenTomabook.=Abookhasbeengivento

TombyJack.=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是:（1）将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。（2）将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.BobsentKatealetterlastyear

.=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegivesendshowteach

passlend…toHetoldJimastory.Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.makebuydrawsing…forIboughtmybrotherabook.buy,make,ge

t,sing思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：10．Wegavehimsomebooks.→He.→Somebooks.wasgivensomebooks(byus)weregiventohim(byus)注意:约翰打开了收音机。Johnturnedont

heradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma.注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或

副词。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.动词短语的被动语态takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdown

laughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterTheysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.类似的还有：Itisreported/believed/hoped/suppo

sedthat......Wereport1).不及物动词没有被动语态。如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,,breakout,appear,l

ast,start等。*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句一般没有被动语

态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefishtastesgood.Thescarffeelssoft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，

不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Theboo

ksellswell.Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.这书卖完了。Thebookissoldout.这块表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Wene

edtomendthewatch.want知识运用一、单项选择：1.Onlythirty-eightideasbythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihuaat6:3

0thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool.（2006）A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenupDD3．Aneighbourhelpedtok

eepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMissGr

eentwominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDB5.Mr.Johnson’sstory

byeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatD二、请把下面句子改为被动语态1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouse

it.→Jackcarefullyhowtouseit.2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.→The29thOlympicGamesin2008.wasshowedw

illbeheldbyBeijing3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.→.→.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.→Theboy________

_________at3:00yesterday.WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDengwasseentoplaybasketballEnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng5.Weshouldmakeourcountr

ybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.→Ourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.shouldbemadetobecome练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。1.Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompeti

tion(竞赛）.2.Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours.3.Wetookmanyphotos.4.Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis.5.Thebank

builtaparkforthem.Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub.Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours.Manyphotosweretak

enbyus.Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank.Thisroomisusedforplayingtabletennisbythem.•中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythinginto

it.(南京市中考题）AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2.Thisbook__often__fromthelib

rary.(北京市中考题）Aaren’ttakeawayBtakenawayCisn’ttakenawayDbetakenaway3.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibrar

yyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）wastold5.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）——————anotherma

n-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题

）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm（上海市中考题）TTheysentupwereplantedaregrown

一、选择正确答案：1.Doyouknowwhat_____________?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled2.Mylostcar________________yesterday.A.willbefoundB.wasfo

undC.hasfoundD.found3.Whowasthebook___________?A.writtenbyB.willbewritebyC.hasbeenwrittenwithD.canbewrittenby4.AnEnglishsong________ontheradioyeste

rday.A.willteachB.wastaughtC.hastaughtD.canbeteachCBAB二、用所给词的正确形式填空。(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.Allthequestions_____________cor

rectly.2.Morethantwothirdsoftheearth________withwater.3.OurcityBeijing.4.Allthemagazines____________totheschoollibrarylastweek.5

.Thisnewmechine(机器）_________byMr.Blacklastyear..6.Allthewordsonthebackofthecard.iscoveredwerereturnedwasinventedwasanswerediscalle

darewritten5)Exercises:一.选择填空:1.Windows_____ofglass.A.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.A.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.

Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.A.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA•4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.•A.aremadeinB.ismade•C.

aremadefromD.made•5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.•A.ofB.fromC.inD.by•6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.•A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin•7.Silk_____inHan

gzhouandSuzhou.•A.isproducedB.areproduced•C.producedD.isproducesAADA1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_______________well.(照顾)3.____

_thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.T

he29thOlympicGameswill__________(举行)inBeijingin2008.wasopenedbelookedafterWasbuiltwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Thebike_________

_(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2)Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.3)Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.4)French_______

____(speak)inFrance.5)Teenagersshould_________(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.wasfixedareusedisputisspokenbeallowed练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1Hewr

oteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.2Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyismadebypeople.3DopeopleuseChin

eseonlyinChina?IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?4Theydidn’tvisitthecitytwoyearsago.Thecitywasn’tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.5Wheredidyou

makethem?Whereweretheymadebyyou?一用适当的形式填空1Historyis_________bythepeople.(make)2Heisoften___________todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3Theb

ook___________byhimlastyear.(write)4Theradio______________lastweek.(mend)5Sometrees________________onthehillthisspring.(plant

)6Anewsubway_____________(build)nextyear.7She______________(take)tothehospitalalready.8Thousandsofsatellites__________

____(send)upintothespacesofar.9Theysaidthey_________________(invite)tothepartyalready.10Thetrains____________

_____(produce)inZhuzhou.11Youngtreesshould______________(water)often.madeaskedwaswrittenwasmendedhavebeenplantedwillbebuilthas

beentakenhavebeensenthadbeeninvitedareproducedbewateredMultipleChoice:1.()Ifthework________,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefin

ishedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade______intheclassroom.4.()Tomakeourcit

ymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow5.()Ilikemybike.It________verywel

l.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA3.()Kate_______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroo

m.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswritingA.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayedC6.()—Iwon’tcometothepartyunles

sTom______,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.8.()Thechildrenmust_______.9.()Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat_______inherhometownDDBA.willinvit

eB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited7.()EveryonewhoheardMr.Green’sstory_____________it.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.was

laughedatAA.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappenedwhileshewasaway.A.lookafterB.betakengoodcareC.lookthesameD.betakengoodcareof10.()—Isa

wyouwereonfootthismorning.—Yes.Mybike___________.A.ismendingB.isbeingmendedC.ismendedD.isbeingmendingB1.Alex

anderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBellin1876.2.Themanagerhasnotsignedt

hepapers.Thepapershavenotbeensignedbythemanager.主+谓+宾3.Ipostedthatletterlastnight.Thatletterwaspostedlastnight.4.Theyknowthatheisanexpert.Itisknownth

atheisanexpert.有时by可以省略.主+谓+宾+宾1.Hetoldheralongstory.Shewastoldalongstory.Alongstorywastoldtoher.2.Motherboughtmeanewcoat.Iwasboughtanewcoat

.Anewcoatwasboughtforme.Didhefinishtheworkyesterday?Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?Didthegirltakeawaythebooks?Wasthewindowbrokenb

yTom?______Tom______thewindow?DidbreakWastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?__thisque

stionoften_____about______?IstalkedbythemDoesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobevery

day?Isn’tcleanedHetoldustogettoschoolearly.Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight.Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim.Weareaskedt

ostayathomeatnight.---Didyougototheparty?---No,I____________(invite)wasn’tinvitedThebridge____________

__inthreeweeks.(finish)Youcangooutifyourhomework______(do)willbefinishedisdoneThisisoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.wereseenWhenwas

PRC_________(found)?wasseenThisisthonlyoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.foundedYoushouldgetyourshoes_______(wash)washed