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专题02阅读理解之说明文1.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）Scientistssaythey'vedevelopedasystemusingmachinelearningtopredictwhenandwher

elightingwillstrike.TheresearchwasledbyengineersfromtheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausanne,Switzerland.Euro

peanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear.Thestr

ikescanalsocausepoweroutages,destroyproperty,damageelectricalequipmentandstartforestfires.Forthesereasons,clima

tescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictandcontrollightning.IntheUnitedStatesandotherplaces,ground-basedsensingdevicesareusedtoidentify

strikesastheyhappen.But,nosystemhasbeencreatedtoeffectivelypredictlightning.Thesystemtestedintheexperimentsusedacombinationofdatafromweatherstat

ionsandmachinelearningmethods.Theresearchersdevelopedapredictionmodelthatwastrainedtorecognizeweatherconditionsthatwerelike

lytocauselightning.Themodelwascreatedwithdatacollectedovera12-yearperiodfrom12Swissweatherstationsincitiesandmountainareas.Thedatar

elatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions:airpressure,airtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed.Theatmosph

ericdatawasplacedintoamachinelearningalgorithm（算法）,whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes.Researcherssaythealgorithmwasthenabletolearnth

econditionsunderwhichlightninghappens.AmirhosseinMostajabiisaPhDstudentattheinstitutewholedthedevelopmentofthemethod.Hesaid,―cu

rrentsystemsforgatheringsuchdataareslowandcomplexandrequirecostlycollectionequipmentlikeradarorsatellites.‖―Ourme

thodusesdatathatcanbeobtainedfromanyweatherstation,‖Mostajabisaid.―Thiswillimprovedatacollectioninveryremoteareasnotcoveredbyradaran

dsatelliteorinplaceswherecommunicationsystemshavebeencut,‖beadded.Theresearchersplantokeepdevelopingthet

echnologyinpartnershipwithaEuropeaneffortthataimstocreatealightningprotectionsystem.TheeffortiscalledtheEuropeanLaserLightningRodp

roject.8．Whyhaveclimatescientiststriedtopredictandcontrollighting?A．Tocollectrelativedata.B．Toreducethedestructionlightninghasbeencausin

g.C．Tocreateascientificsystem.D．Todoresearchinrelationtomachinelearning.9．Thefourmentionedsurfaceconditionsincludeallthe

followingEXCEPT________.A．airpollutionB．windspeedC．relativehumidityD．airtemperature10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―it‖inparagraph5referto?A．lighti

ng.B．thesystembeingtested.C．theatmosphericdata.D．themachinelearningalgorithm.11．WhatcanwelearnaboutMost

ajabifromthepassage?A．Hedevelopedthemethodandthesystemhimself.B．Hethinksthecurrentsystemsaretooslowandsimple.C．Heisapr

ofessorattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology.D．Hebelievestheirsystemdoesmuchbetterindatacollection.【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家

们开发出的一种系统，利用机器学习能力有效地预测闪电，以减少闪电袭击带来的危害和损失。8．推理判断题。根据第二段中―...thatbetween6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear.Thestrikescanalso

causepoweroutages,destroyproperty,damageelectricalequipmentandstartforestfires.Forthesereasons，climatescientistshavelongsoughtto

developmethodstopredictandcontrollightning.（世界各地每年有6,000至24,000人死于闪电。闪电袭击还可能导致停电、破坏财产、损坏电气设备和引发森林火灾。）‖可知，科协家们想预测、控制闪电是因为想找到办法，以减少闪电所带来的危害和损失。故选B项。9．

细节理解题。根据第四段中―Thedatarelatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions:airpressure,airtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed.‖可知，与四个主要表面条件有关的数据有气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速，没

有提到空气污染。故选A项。10．词句猜测题。根据第五段―Theatmosphericdatawasplacedintoamachinelearningalgorithm（算法）,whichcomparedittorecordsoflightnings

trikes.（将大气数据输入到机器学习计算法中，随后计算法会将这些数据与闪电袭击记录进行比较。）‖可以推测，it指代上一句中的theatmosphericdata。故选C项。11．推理判断题。第六段中提到―cu

rrentsystemsforgatheringsuchdataareslowandcomplexandrequirecostlycollectionequipmentlikeradarorsatellites‖，Mostaja

bi认为目前收集此类数据的系统缓慢而复杂，需要昂贵的雷达或卫星等收集设备；第七段中提到―Ourmethodusesdatathatcanbeobtainedfromanyweatherstation…Thiswillimproveda

tacollectioninveryremoteareasnotcoveredbyradarandsatelliteorinplaceswherecommunicationsystemshavebeencut‖,Mostajabi认为他们这种方法使用的数据可以从任何

气象站获得，这将改善雷达和卫星未覆盖的非常偏远地区或通信系统被切断的地方的数据收集。因此可以推断，Mostajabi相信他们的系统在数据收集方面比原来的做得更好。故选D项。2.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四

中学高三模拟）SHORTLISTOFLONDON'SBESTIfyouhavelimitedvisitingtimewerecommendyoufollowthislist.1)HousesofParliament.Thegu

idedtoursoftheHousesofParliamentareexcellent,inanylanguageyouwant,andgetyoutoplacesthatevennormalBritscan't.H

owever,whenParliamentissitting,theyarenotrunning,butyoucanstillgetin.2)HamptonCourt.WeratethisasoneofthebestattractionsinEurope.Awholesuccessionofkin

gsandqueenshaveaddedtoHenryVIII‘soriginalpalace.Therelieafantasticpark(byCapabilityBrown)andgardens(includingthe

famousmaze),andTudorkitchensandoneofthelastremainingRealTenniscourts.Lotsoffree(onceyou'vepaidtheadmission)guidedtours

,someincostume,bypeoplewhoknowandlovetheplace.It'salsosurroundedbyaseriesofparksandmakesagreatdestinationforabiketrip-tra

inout(30minutesfromWaterloo),bikeback(12miles)alongtheriver.WepreferittotheTowerofLondon-you'llprobablywa

nttovisitboth,itknocksthespotsoffBuckinghamPalace.3)TheRiver.WalkalongtheSouthBankfromTowerBridgetoLambeth.ThebestofLondo

nisspreadoutforyou:TheTowerofLondon&TowerBridge,TheHousesofParliament,LambethPalace(residenceoftheArchbishopofCanterbury),Shakespea

re'sGlobetheatre,BothTateGalleries,StPaul'sCathedral,TheSouthBankCentre,TheTemple,TheLondonEye,Westm

insterAbbey,SomersetHouse.(A2hourwalkifyoudon'tstopforlong).OryoucantakeaboatouttoGreenwich,theThamesBarrierortheDome.4)Westminster

Abbey.WheretheycrownKings.Anunreasonableadmissioncharge(shouldreallybefreeorvoluntarydonation),butamasterpieceanyway.Ifyoug

etboredofwaitinginthequeue,orpackeddownbythecrowds,hurryyourselfofftotheCitywherethere'smoresquarespaceofhistor

icchurch,andempty.5)TheTheatre.It'dbeacrimetovisitLondonandnottakeinashow.Londonershavebeenpassionateabouttheatreforcenturies.Notonlyisthequalityhig

h,butthepriceislow—onethirdthepriceofBroadway.1．WhichtourwillaforeignstudentstudyingthehistoryofBritishRoyalFamilymost

probablyprefer？A．thetourtoWestminsterAbbeyB．thetourtoTowerBridgeC．thetourtoSomersetHouseD．thetourtoHamptonCourt2．Whattimedoestheunderlined

statement―whenParliamentissitting‖inparagraph2referto?A．whentheParliamentisnotofficiallyinsession.B．whenthemembersofParliamentaredebatin

goverahotissue.C．whentheParliamentisstayingidleforrepairs.D．whenthemembersofParliamentaretakingabreakaftersomeexercise3．WhyareLondonersfondofthea

tre?A．Theyenjoythecriminaldramaplots.B．Theyenjoytheinexpensiveadmission.C．TheyenjoytheClassicalMusicandOpera.D．TheyenjoythesceneofShakespeare‘sGlo

betheatre.【答案】1．D2．A3．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了五个伦敦最佳参观地名单。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Awholesuccessionofkingsandqueens

haveaddedtoHenryVIII‘soriginalpalace.可知一个又一个的国王和王后为亨利八世原来的宫殿增添了新的色彩。由此可知，学习英国王室历史的外国学生最喜欢汉普顿宫之旅。故选D。2．句意猜测题。根据划线句子后文theyarenot

running,butyoucanstillgetin.可知，他们并没有在运行，但是你仍然可以进入议会。由此判断出，当议会没有正式开会时，他们并没有在运行，但是你仍然可以进入议会。可知，划线句子意思为―

当议会没有正式开会的时候‖，故选A。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Notonlyisthequalityhigh,butthepriceislow-onethirdthepriceofBroadway.可知不仅质量好，而且价格便宜——只有百老汇的三分之一。由此可知，伦敦人喜欢戏剧因为他

们喜欢便宜的门票。故选B。3.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟）Bynowyou‘veprobablyheardaboutthe―you‘renotspecial‖speech,whenEnglishtea

cherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:―Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot.‖Mothersan

dfatherspresentattheceremony-andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheinternet-tookissuewithhisego-puncturingwords.Butlostintheangerandprotestwassome

thingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedorno

t.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbett

eratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.Suchinflate

d(膨胀的)self-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerate

ourperformancemostgenerously.Ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswho

scoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirself-evaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrict

ly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologi

stDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithco-authorJustinKruger,sufferfroma―dualburden‖:they'renot

goodatwhattheydo,andtheirineptness(笨拙)preventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjec

tsscoringatthebottomoftheheapontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor"extremelyoverestimated"theirtalents.Althoughtheirtests

coresputtheminthe12thpercentile,theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inadditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasens

eofhumor)was"metacognitiveskill"(元认知技巧):thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjects

arrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadox(悖论)here,theauthorsnote:―Theskillsthatdevel

opcompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatdomain.‖Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe

‘redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind(两难).First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithoth

ers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabl

etoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounoton

lyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,

butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyousc

rewedup.Ifweadoptthesestrategies-andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren-theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatth

ey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase―tookissuew

ith‖inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A．totallyapprovedofB．disagreedwithC．fullyunderstoodD．helddiscussionabout9．Wh

atistheproblemthatshouldn'tbeoverlookedintheauthor‘sopinion?A．wedon‘tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornotB．young

peoplecan'treasonablydefinethemselvesC．norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetterD．wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged1

0．WhichisNOTmentionedaboutpoorstudentsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theylackthecapacitytomonitorhowwelltheyareperforming.B．Theyusuallygivethem

selveshighscoresinself-evaluations.C．Theytendtobeunabletoknowexactlyhowbadtheyare.D．Theyareintelligentlyinadequateintestsandexams.11．Whatd

oesthestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggest?A．thebestwaytorecognizeexcellenceistostudypastsuccessandfailureB．throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillk

nowwhereandwhenhefailsC．weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothersD．neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneiss

pecial【答案】8．B9．B10．D11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。到目前为止，关于―你并不特别‖的演讲的越来越多，虽然许多父母抗议这种话语，但是我们的年轻人实际上并不知道他们是否特别有才华或有成就。很多研究发现，这种夸大

的自我判断，而恰恰是在我们最不能胜任某项任务的时候，我们才会对自己的表现给出最慷慨的评价。文章分析了能力不够的人的一些表现，以及摆脱这种困境的方法。8．词义猜测题。根据后文hisego-puncturingwords.Butlostintheangerandprote

stwassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedor

accomplishedornot.可知，但在愤怒和抗议中迷失是我们真正应该铭记在心的事情：我们的年轻人实际上并不知道他们是否特别有才华或有成就。由此判断处出席典礼的父母们——以及互联网上的许多其他父母——都对他的自我伤害言论提出了争议。所以划线短语意思为―对……有争议‖。故

选B。9．推理判断题。根据第一段中Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirement

forgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtovi

ewourselvesasaboveaverage.可知我们急于提升他们的自尊，却忘了教他们如何实际地评估自己的能力，而这是学好数学、音乐、体育等任何学科的关键要求。事实上，不仅仅是那些享有特权的高中生：我们都倾向于认为自

己高于平均水平。由此判断出，在作者看来，年轻人无法合理地定义自己的问题不应该被忽视。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第三段中Whattheseindividualslacked(inadditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhu

mor)was"metacognitiveskill":thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.可知这些人所缺乏的(除了清晰的逻辑、正确的语法和幽默感之外)是

―元认知技能‖:监控自己表现的能力。由此可知A选项―他们缺乏监控自己表现的能力‖文章提到了；第三段中InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomoftheheaponte

stsoflogic,grammarandhumor"extremelyoverestimated"theirtalents.可知在Dunning和Kruger的研究中，在逻辑、语法和幽默测试中得分最低的受试者―极度

高估‖了自己的才能。由此可知，B选项―‖文章提到了；根据第二段中Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithco-authorJustinKruger,sufferfroma―dualburden‖:they'renotgoodatw

hattheydo,andtheirineptnesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.可知他与合著者JustinKruger写道，能力不够的人承受着―双重负担‖:他们不擅长自己的工作，而他们的无

能使他们无法认识到自己有多糟糕。由此可知C选项―他们往往无法确切知道自己有多糟糕‖文章提到了；只有D选项―他们在测验和考试中不够聪明‖文章没有提到。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中First,

wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstw

hattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish(首先，我们可以学会诚实地与他人比较，训练自己认识到优秀，即使你自己没有，并将你能做的和真正优秀的人能完成的进行比较)以及后文Findacriticwhowi

lltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrew

edup.(找一个批评者，他不仅会告诉你你做得有多糟糕，还会告诉你你做错了什么。利用这些外部反馈，准确地找出你是在何时何地把事情搞砸的。)由此判断出，变得特别的策略意味着我们需要内在的诚实对待自己，外在

的诚实对待他人。故选C。4.（2020届辽宁省锦州市高三一模）Jellyfishareunusualcreatures.They‘reneitherfishnorjelly.Someareamongthemostcolourfulcreaturesint

heworld,butit‘sbesttolookbutnottouchtheseinvertebrates（无脊椎动物）.Notonlyaretheyveryfragilecreatures,butmanygiveapainfulsting,andsomea

reevendeadly.Whetheryouadmiretheminanaquariumortrytoavoidtheminthewild,youwon‘tbeabletogetthesefascinat

ingjellyfishfactsoutofyourhead.Here‘sajellyfishfactthatmightcomeinhandy:Thereareseveralnamesforagroupofjellyfish.

Theyincludesmack,bloom,andswarm.Choosethewordyoupreferdependingonwhetheryouthinkthejellyfishpacklookslikeagardenofbloomin

gflowersormorelikeafrighteningpackofstingers,andwhetheryou‘readmiringthematanaquariumorifyouandyourfellowsnorkelersaresurrounded.

Jellyfishhavetwomainformsintheirlifecyclethatlookquitedifferentfromeachother.ScientificAmericanexplainsthatanadultjellyfish,calledamedusa,hasabell-sh

apedbodywithtentacles（触须）flowingdownbelowit.Youngjellyfish,calledpolyps,lookmorelikeseaanemones,withshortert

entaclesthatflowupabovethemainbody.Medusasreproducebyreleasingeggs.MelanieRoberts,SeniorAquaristatSeaWorldOrlando

,saysthatthelargestjellyfishintheworldisalion‘smanejellyfish.Thebodyofthisbeautifulorangejellycangrowupt

othreefeetindiameter.Withits12,000tentaclesthatcangrow120feetlong,Oceana.orgaddsthatthelion‘smanejellycomparesinsizetot

heplanet‘slargestanimal:thebluewhale.Regardlessoftheirsize,jellyfisharemostlymadeofwater.Infact,they‘reabout95pe

rcentwater.Thesecreaturesdon‘thavebrains,blood,orbones.Andmostjellyfishdon‘thaveeyes.Jellyfishalsousetheirm

outhsbothforeatingandforwasteremoval.8．Whycan‘twetouchjellyfish?A．Becausetheymaybestung.B．Becausethey

maydieeasily.C．Becausetheymayfeelpainful.D．Becausetheymayhurtpeople.9．Whatarejellyfishnamedafter?A．Itssize.B．Itscolor

.C．Itsappearance.D．Itslifestyle.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Mouthisanimportantorganforjellyfish.B．Polypscanclonethemselvesbylayingeggs.C．T

helargestjellyfishintheworldis120feetlong.D．Medusashavetentaclesflowingupabovethebody.11．Whatcanbethebesttit

leofthepassage?A．Severalfactsaboutjellyfish.B．Thetwomainformsofjellyfish.C．Jellyfishareneitherfishnorjelly.D．Jell

yfishhavemanydifferentnames.【答案】8．D9．C10．A11．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于水母的一些信息。8．细节理解题。由第一段―Notonlyaretheyveryfragilecreatures,butmanygiveapainfulsting,an

dsomeareevendeadly‖可知，水母不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多水母会刺痛人类，有些甚至是致命的。所以为什么我们不能触摸水母是因为他们可能会伤害人。故选D项。9．细节理解题。由第二段―Choosethewordyoupreferdependingonwhetheryouthinkt

hejellyfishpacklookslikeagardenofbloomingflowersormorelikeafrighteningpackofstingers‖可知，选择你更喜欢的词取决于你认为水

母群看起来像一个盛开的花园还是更像一群可怕的刺。所以水母是以它的外表命名的。故选C项。10．细节理解题。由最后段―Jellyfishalsousetheirmouthsbothforeatingandforwas

teremoval‖可知，水母还利用它们的嘴来进食和清除废物。所以我们能从这篇文章中学到嘴是水母重要的器官。故选A项。11．主旨大意题。由第一段，第二段,第三段,第四段―Notonlyaretheyv

eryfragilecreatures,butmanygiveapainfulsting,andsomeareevendeadly.Here‘sajellyfishfactthatmightcomeinhandy

.Jellyfishhavetwomainformsintheirlifecyclethatlookquitedifferentfromeachother.MelanieRoberts,SeniorAquaristatSea

WorldOrlando,saysthatthelargestjellyfishintheworldisalion‘smanejellyfish‖可知，它们不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多会刺痛你，有些甚至是致命的。这是一个关于水母的事实，可能会派上用场。水母在它们的生命

周期中有两种主要的形态，它们看起来非常不同。奥兰多海洋世界的资深动物检疫员梅勒妮·罗伯茨说，世界上最大的水母是狮鬃水母。所以短文从不同的角度介绍了水母的一些信息。所以短文的最佳标题为―关于水母的几条信息‖。故选A项。5.（2020届辽宁省锦州市高

三一模）Fancyyourownsatellite?ArizonaStateUniversityisworkingtowardsmakingthisarealitywithitsSunCubeFemtoS

atproject.SmallerthanastandardCubeSat,thelow-caststudent-designedspacecraftisaimedatprovidinggreateraccesstospaceforscientis

tsandhobbyistsalike.AssistantprofessorJekanThangaandateamofstudentshavebeendevelopingtheSunCubeFemtoSatforthepasttwoyears.Thesma

ll3×3×3cmcubeweighsinatjust35gandalonger(3×3×9cm,100g)modelhasalsobeendesigned,whichincludesstoragespace.EachSunCubeFemtoSathasitsowncommunicat

ion,datacollectionandpropulsion(推进)systemsandispoweredbysolarpanels.Itismadeofoff-the-shelfpartsthatareavailableinshops,andtheener

gy-efficientsolarpanelsarecutfromscrap(碎片),whichmakesitsaveenergy,soldatadiscountbymanufacturers.―Withaspacecraftofthissize,anyuniversity

candoit,‖saysThanga.―That‘spartofourmajorgoal—spacediscoveryforeverybody.‖Theteamsaysthatwhilelaunchingy

ourownsatellitewouldusuallycostbetweenUS$60,000-70,000perkilo,itwouldonlycost$1,000tosendaSunCubeFemtoSattotheInternationalSpaceStation,

and$3,000tosenditintolowearthorbit.Leavingtheearth‘sgravitywouldcostanestimated$27,000.TheFemtoSatwouldbepackedwitha―jack

inthebox‖stylesystemthatmatchesstandardCubeSatsizes(around10cubiccm),simplifyingtheprocessofgettingthetinysatelliteintoorbit.NASAhassent30CubeSa

tsintospaceoverthelastyears,withanother50awaitinglaunch.ThangaandhisstaffviewtheFemtoSatasastartingpointforscientistsandstudents,andevenh

opethedevicecouldbeboughtonthewebsitelikeAmazononeday.Thangaimaginesdevelopingfourmainapplicationsforthedevice,includ

inghands-ontestingexperiencesforstudents,andartificialgravityexperiments.Inaddition,groupsofSunCubeFemtoSatscouldeventual

lybeabletodothejoboflargerspacecraftatavastlydiscountedcost.12．WhatisthemajorgoaloftheSunCubeFemtoSatproject?A．Toactonteachinginouterspac

e.B．Toprovideaccesstospacecraftdesign.C．Tohelpcarryoutaclassroomexperiment.D．Tohelpaverageindividualsexplorespace.13．Whatisspecialabo

utSunCubeFemtoSats?A．Theyareofthesamesize.B．Theyareenergy-efficient.C．Theyaremainlydesignedforlabuse.D．Theyaremainlyused

tocollectinformation.14．WhatdoesThangaexpectofSunCubeFemtoSats?A．They‘llbeavailableonline.B．They‘llbeprovidedforfree.C．T

hey‘llmatchthesizeofCubeSats.D．They‘llbesentintospacewithCubeSats.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FemtoSatsWillRuleSpaceB．YourOwnSatel

liteIsComingC．GoingintoSpaceHasBeenAfforableD．YoucanDesignYourOwnSpacecraft【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．B【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一

种微型卫星的成功研制将使大众探索太空成为可能。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中最后一句SmallerthanastandardCubeSat,thelow-caststudent-designedspacecraftisa

imedatprovidinggreateraccesstospaceforscientistsandhobbyistsalike.―这艘由学生设计的低空太空飞船比标准的立方体卫星要小，旨在为科学家和业余爱好者提供更多的太空探索机会。‖和第三段最后一句―That‘sparto

fourmajorgoal—spacediscoveryforeverybody.‖―这是我们主要目标的一部分——为所有人探索太空。‖可以推断出，研制这种微型卫星的主要目的是帮助大众探索太空。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第三段一、二两句EachSunCubeFemto

Sathasitsowncommunication,datacollectionandpropulsion(推进)systemsandispoweredbysolarpanels.Itismadeofoff-the-shelfpartsthatareavailableinshops,a

ndtheenergy-efficientsolarpanelsarecutfromscrap(碎片),whichmakesitsaveenergy,soldatadiscountbymanufacturers.―每个太阳立方飞秒望远镜都有自

己的通信、数据收集和推进系统，并由太阳能电池板供电。它是由商店里现成的零件制成的，而高效节能的太阳能电池板是从废料中切割出来的，这使得它能够节约能源，并在制造商那里打折出售。‖可知，这种微型卫星用太阳能板供电，所用的材料都是节能环保的。故选B。14．细节理解

题。根据最后一段第一句ThangaandhisstaffviewtheFemtoSatasastartingpointforscientistsandstudents,andevenhopethedevicecouldbeboughtonth

ewebsitelikeAmazononeday.―Thanga和他的工作人员将飞向地球视为科学家和学生的一个起点，甚至希望有一天能在亚马逊这样的网站上买到这种设备。‖可知，Thanga希望人们能够在网上买到FemtoSats。故选A

。15．标题归纳提。根据第一段中的关键句―Fancyyourownsatellite‖和第三段中的关键句―That‘spartofourmajorgoal—spacediscoveryforeverybody‖可以归纳出，B项―你自己的卫星就要来了‖作为标题最能

够反映文章主题且吸引读者。故选B。6.（2020届辽宁省辽阳市高三一模）MostofEarth‘sfreshwatersitsunderground.Worldwide,about70percentofthegroundwate

rdrawntothesurfacegoesforfarming.Butsurfacewaters—riversandstreams—comefromgroundwater,too.Drawingtoomuchgroundwateroverashort

timecanbeharmful.Naturalwaterwayscanbegintoempty.Andthatcanhurtfreshwaterecosystems.Scientistsconsiderthisatipp

ingpointwhensmallactionscanbeginmakingunusuallybigdifferences.Anewstudyhasfoundthat15to21percentoftappedwater(自来水)areashavereachedthisso

rtoftippingpoint.Mostofthosetappedriversandstreamsareindryareas.Farmersintheseareasusegroundwatertowate

rtheircrops.Atpresentdrawingrates,thestudypredictsthat42to79percentofwaterareasaroundtheworldwheregroundwaterisdrawnupforuseatthesurfacew

illreachtippingpointsby2050.Ahealthygroundwateraquifer(含水层)protectsecosystemsagainstseasonalupsanddownsintheuseofwater.Thatprovid

esstabilityforareaplantsandanimals.Butiftoomuchgroundwaterisdrawnupfrombelow,surfacewaterswillbegintoflowintotheaquifer,whichcanharmwhatarelivinginri

versandstreams.DeGraafandthestudyteamsetupacomputermodel.Itlinkedgroundwaterdrawingandwaterflowswithinrivers.Themodelcoveredfiftyyears,from1960to201

0.Thentheresearchersusedclimateforecaststohelpthemodelpredictwhatmighthappeninfutureyears.Throughout,theykeptgroundwaterdrawingratessustainable.Mo

rethanhalfofdrawnwaterareasarelikelytocrossthisecologicaltippingpointbefore2050,themodelfinds.―Weneedtobethinkingaboutthisnow,notin10years,‖DeGraa

fsays.―Ourstudyshowsuswheretotargetmoresustainableefforts.‖8．Whatdoesthe―tippingpoint‖inparagraph1mean?A．Endpoint.B．Breakingpoint.C．

Freezingpoint.D．Boilingpoint.9．Whatisthewriter‘spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Warnusthatthesurfacewatercanpollutet

hegroundwater.B．Warnusofwateringthecropbygroundwater.C．Tellustherelationofgroundwaterandsurfacewater

.D．Warnusthattheoveruseofgroundwatercandestroytheecosystem.10．Whatisthepartthegroundwaterplaysintheenvironment?A．Keepingthestabilityofnaturalwa

ter.B．Protectingecosystemsfrompollution.C．Clearingsurfacewaterstobedrinkable.D．Providingstabilityforthelocaleconomy.11．Howdidtheresearche

rsconductthestudy?A．Theypredictedtheresultbasedontheolddata.B．Theyhappenedtoworkouttheresult.C．Theymeasuredallth

egroundwaterandsurfacewater.D．Theydidquestionnairesurveysonthewaterinformation.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究预测，到2050年，全球42%至79%的地下水被开采出来供地表使用的水域将达

到临界点，这可能会损害淡水生态系统。研究人员呼吁现在就要开始考虑地下水可持续发展努力的方向。8．词义猜测题。根据第一段中Drawingtoomuchgroundwateroverashorttimecanbeharmful.Naturalwaterwayscanbegint

oempty.Andthatcanhurtfreshwaterecosystems.Scientistsconsiderthisatippingpointwhensmallactionscanbeginmakingunusuallybigdifferences.可知，在短时间内摄取过多的

地下水是有害的。自然水道可能会开始干涸。这可能会损害淡水生态系统。科学家认为这是一个tippingpoint，小行动可以开始产生不同寻常的大差异。由此可知，推断这是一个转折点，因此猜测划线短语tippingpoi

nt意为―转折点，临界点‖。故选B项。9．推理判断题。根据第一段中Drawingtoomuchgroundwateroverashorttimecanbeharmful.Naturalwaterwayscanbegintoe

mpty.Andthatcanhurtfreshwaterecosystems.可知，在短时间内摄取过多的地下水是有害的。自然水道可能会开始干涸。这可能会损害淡水生态系统；以及最后一段―Weneedtobethinkingaboutthisnow,notin10years,‖DeGraafs

ays.―Ourstudyshowsuswheretotargetmoresustainableefforts.‖可知，―我们需要现在就考虑这个问题，而不是10年后，‖DeGraaf说。―我们的研究为我们指明了更多可持续努力的方向。‖由此可知，作者

写这篇文章的目的是警告我们过度使用地下水会破坏生态系统。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据第三段中Ahealthygroundwateraquifer(含水层)protectsecosystemsagainstsea

sonalupsanddownsintheuseofwater.Thatprovidesstabilityforareaplantsandanimals.可知，健康的地下水含水层保护生态系统免受水利用的季节性波动。这为当地的动植物提供了稳定性。由此可知，地下水在环境中的重要作用是

保持天然水的稳定。故选A项。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中DeGraafandthestudyteamsetupacomputermodel.Itlinkedgroundwaterdrawingandwaterflowswithinrivers.Themodelcovere

dfiftyyears,from1960to2010.Thentheresearchersusedclimateforecaststohelpthemodelpredictwhatmighthappeninfutureyear

s.可知，DeGraaf和研究小组建立了一个计算机模型。它将地下水抽取和河流中的水流联系起来。该模型涵盖了从1960年到2010年的50年。然后，研究人员利用气候预测来帮助模型预测未来几年可能发生的事情。由此可知，研究人员根据旧的数据

预测了结果。故选A项。7.（2020届辽宁省辽阳市高三一模）Extrafingersarenotthatrare.Aboutoneortwoinevery1,000babiesarebornwithextrafingers.Iftheextrasarejustsmallnubs(肿块),t

heymaybesurgicallyremovedatbirth.Butsomeextrafingerscanprovehelpful,anewstudyshows.Anextrafingercanbeincrediblyhandy.Peoplebornwit

hsixfingersperhandcantietheirshoes,flexiblymanagephonesandplayacomplicatedvideogame—allwithasinglehand.What‘smor

e,theirbrainshadnotroublecontrollingthemorecomplexmovementsoftheirextrafingers,thenewstudyfinds.Itsresult

salsohighlighthowflexiblethehumanbraincanbe.Thatinformationcanguidepeoplewhodesignbraincontrolledrobots.Researcherswor

kedwitha52-year-oldwomanandher17-year-oldson,bothofwhomwerebornwithsixfingersoneachhand.Theirextrafingersgrewbetweenthethumbandindexfinger.Andthey

resemblethumbsinhowtheycanmove.Theresearchersstudiedthesubjects‘handswithMRI(核磁共振成像),whichcanmapbodystruc

tures.Theyalsolookedatactivityinthepartsofthebrainthatcontrolthehands.Thosescansshowedadedicatedbrains

ystemthatcontrolstheextrafingers.Thesixthfingershadtheirownmusclesandtendons(肌腱).Thatmeanstheydon‘tj

ustdependonthemusclesthatmovetheotherfingers,assomedoctorshadthought.Thebrainhadnotroubledirectingtheextrafingers,theresearchersshowed.Itsugges

tssomeone‘smindwouldbeabletocontrolroboticfingersorlimbs.However,itmightbeharderforapersonnotbornwithextrafingers.Livinginaworlddesignedforpeoplew

ithfivefingershasledthemomandsontoadaptininterestingways.Forinstance,eatingtoolsaretoosimpleforthem,sotheyconstantlychangethepostur

eontheeatingtoolsandusetheminadifferentway.Still,noteveryonewithextrafingersmayshowimprovedflexibility.Insomecas

es,extrafingersmaybelesswelldeveloped.12．Whatdoesthenewresearchfindaboutextrafingers?A．Theyarealwaysuseless.B．Theya

reveryuncommon.C．Theyareusuallynecessary.D．Theyaresometimesbeneficial.13．Whatcanweinferaboutextrafingersfromthetext?A．Ext

rafingers‘musclesandtendonsarestronger.B．Extrafingersaremoreflexiblethannormalones.C．Theextranubsremovedatbirthareactuallyhelpful.D

．Brain-controlledRobotscanbedesignedtohaveextrafingers.14．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Themomandsonliveaninterestinglife.

B．Somepeopleenjoythelifewithextrafingers.C．Eatingtoolsarequitesimpleforpeoplewithextrafingers.D．Somepeoplewithextrafingersarenotmoreflexiblethanor

dinarypeople.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．SixthFingerCanImproveAbilityB．SixthFingerCanProveExtr

aHandyC．SixthFingerShouldBeTreatedProperlyD．SixthFingerShouldDevelopinManyWays【答案】12．D13．D14．D15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明大多数情况下拥有

额外的一根手指是特别方便的。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中Butsomeextrafingerscanprovehelpful,anewstudyshows.可知，但一项新的研究表明，多一些手指可能会有帮助。由此可知，新的研究发现，额外的手指有时是有利的。故选D项。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中

What‘smore,theirbrainshadnotroublecontrollingthemorecomplexmovementsoftheirextrafingers,thenewstudyfinds

.Itsresultsalsohighlighthowflexiblethehumanbraincanbe.Thatinformationcanguidepeoplewhodesignbraincon

trolledrobots.可知，更重要的是，新研究发现，他们的大脑在控制额外手指的复杂运动方面没有问题。它的结果也强调了人类大脑的灵活性。这些信息可以指导设计大脑控制机器人的人。由此可知，大脑控制的机器人可以被设计成拥有额外的手指。故选D项。14．推理判断题

。根据最后一段中Still,noteveryonewithextrafingersmayshowimprovedflexibility.Insomecases,extrafingersmaybelesswelld

eveloped.可知，不过，并不是所有拥有额外手指的人都能显示出更好的灵活性。在某些情况下，额外的手指可能发育不太好。由此可知，有些拥有额外手指的人并不比普通人灵活。故选D项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中But

someextrafingerscanprovehelpful,anewstudyshows.(但一项新的研究表明，多一些手指可能会有帮助)和第二段中Anextrafingercanbeincrediblyhandy.(一根额

外的手指非常方便)以及第三段中However,itmightbeharderforapersonnotbornwithextrafingers.(然而，对于一个不是生来就有额外手指的人来说，这可能会更加困难)可知，本文主要是讲述了研究表明有额外一根手指是特别方便的，因此本文的最佳标题是

―事实证明，第六根手指特别方便‖。故选B项。8.（2020届宁夏石嘴山市高三二模）Boomerangchildrenwhoreturntolivewiththeirparentsafteruniversitycanbegoodforfamilies,leadingtocloser,moresupp

ortiverelationshipsandincreasedcontactbetweenthegenerations,astudyhasfound.Thefindingscontradictresearchpublishedearlierthisyears

howingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantdeclineintheirparents‘qualityoflifeandwellbeing.Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywe

re―morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpected‖aboutmovingbackhome–theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirpeersareinth

esameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents‘financialandemotionalsupport.Daughterswerehappierthansons,oftenslippingbackeasilyintoteena

gepatternsofbehaviour,thestudyfound.Parentsonthewholeweremoreuncertain,expressingconcernaboutthelikelyduration

ofthearrangementandhowtomanageit.Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveu

niversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.Thefamiliesfeaturedinthestudyweremiddle-classandtendedtoviewtheachievementofadultindependen

cefortheirchildrenasa―familyproject‖.Parentsacceptedthattheirchildrenrequiredsupportasuniversitystudentsandthenasgraduatesr

eturninghome,astheytriedtofindjobspayingenoughtoenablethemtomoveoutandgetonthehousingladder.―However,‖thestudysays

,―day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict,chara

cterisedtheexperienceofamajorityofparentsandalittleoverhalfthegraduates‖.Areasofdisagreementincludedchores,moneyandsociallife.Whileparentswerekee

ntohelp,theyalsowanteddifferentrelationshipsfromthosetheyhadwiththeirownparents,andcontinuingtosupporttheiradultchil

drenallowedthemtoremainclose.28．Whatisthefindingofthepreviousresearch?A．Boomerangchildrenmadetheirparentshappier.

B．Theparentswerelookingforwardtotheirchildren‘sreturn.C．Theparents‘qualityoflifebecameworsethanbefore.D．Boomerangchildrenneverdidany

housework.29．Theunderlinedword―trigger‖inParagraph2maybebestreplacedby_____.A．causeB．defeatC．ariseD．allow30．Whatistheattitudeofthecollegegraduate

stowardsreturninghome?A．Theyareashamedofturningtotheirparentsforhelp.B．Theyaregladthattheycouldcomeback.C．Theyaredo

ubtfulaboutwhethertheyshouldreturn.D．Theyareproudtobeindependentfromthefamily.31．Whatcanbeinferredasthereasonforthe―bo

omerangchildren‖phenomenon?A．Thechildrenwanttokeepinclosertouchwiththeirparents.B．Theparentsarewillingtoprovidesupporttotheirchildren.C．Itishar

derforthechildrentosecureasatisfyingjob.D．Thereismorehouseworkneededtobedonebythechildren.【答案】28．C29．A30．B31．C【解析】本文是说明文。一项研究发现，―啃老族‖子女在大学毕业后回到父母身边

生活对家庭是有好处的，他们会与父母建立更亲密、更具支持性的关系，并增进两代人之间的联系。28．推理判断题。根据Thefindingscontradictresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatre

turningadultchildrentriggerasignificantdeclineintheirparents‘qualityoflifeandwellbeing.可知，以往的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显

著下降。故选C。29．猜测词义题。根据Thefindingscontradictresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantdeclineintheirparents‘q

ualityoflifeandwellbeing.一句，通过新旧研究的对比，以往的研究表明，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。trigger意为―导致，致使‖，与cause意义一致，

故选A。30．细节理解题。根据Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudyweremorepositivethanmighthavebeenexpectedaboutmovingback

hometheshameisreducedassomanyoftheirpeersareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparentsfinancialandemotionalsupport.

可知，大学毕业生对回家的态度是积极的。故选B。31．推理判断题。根据Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithh

ugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.可知，孩子们很难找到一份满意的工作。故选C。9.（2020届宁夏石嘴山市高三二模）Beforeyouthrowyourtrashintothene

arestcan,thinkforamoment.Notallyourgarbagecanbedumpedintoonetrashcan.Itneedstobesortedoutwithdifferentthings

goingintodifferentbins.Wasteclassification,apracticethathaslongbeennormalindevelopedcountrieslikeJapan,isthenewchallenge

formanyChineseurbanresidents.However,thoughinitiallyyoumightneedtorackyourbrainstofigureoutwhichtrashgoesintowhichcan,inthelongrun,theresultiswel

lworththeeffort.Landfills,siteswherewasteisburiedandcoveredoverwithsoil,areamajormethodofdisposingofresidentialwasteinChina.Howeve

r,consideringtheenvironmentaldisasterassociatedwithburyingwaste,thereisapressingneedtoreducetheamountofwastethatgoesintoalandfill.Classification,sort

ingwasteintodifferentcategoriessuchasharmfulwaste,recyclablesandkitchenwaste,isakeysolution.Currently,46citiesacrossChina,arecarryingoutaprogramthata

imstoputinplaceaclassification-basedgarbagedisposalsystembytheendof2020.Itishopedthatthiswillreducethequantityofwastethatendsupinlandfillsbyal

argedegree.ShanghaicameintothemediafocusinearlyJulyafteritcarriedoutcompulsorygarbagesortingrulesthatthosewh

ofailtodisposeofgarbageproperlyshouldbefined.BeijingisreviewingitsregulationstofollowinShanghai'sfootsteps.Thenewrulesmaycauseshort-termincon

veniencebuttheyaremeanttohelpresidentsfollowtheconceptofgarbageclassificationforthecommongood.Astheprogramsshow,resid

entscangraduallydevelopthishabitwiththeirgrowingawarenessandthehelpofadvancedtechnology.Infuture,thispracticeshouldbeadoptedacrossChina,inurbanciti

esandruralareasalike.Withpublicinvolvement,China'sgarbagesortingprogramwillcontributenotonlytothenation'

ssustainable(可持续的)developmentbutalsotomakingtheplanetabetterplacetolivein.32．Whatisthemostprobablereasonf

orclassifyingwaste?A．Nositeforburyingwaste.B．People'shabit.C．Economiccost.D．Environmentalpollution.33．Whatisthepurposeoftheprogram?A．Topractisewastec

lassification.B．Toprotectenvironment.C．Tosaveoilforfarming.D．Toreducethequantityofwaste.34．Whatcanbeasuitable

titleforthetext?A．AprogramadoptedacrossChina.B．Shanghaicarriedoutnewdisposalrules.C．Doingthebestwithwaste.D．Protectingenvironmentisneces

sary.35．WhatislikelytohappeninChinaaccordingtothetext?A．Chinawillbecometheleadingcountryoftheprogram.B．Theprogramwillbespreadnationwi

de.C．Developmentinruralareaswillmakegreatprogress.D．Peoplewillhelpdevelopmoderntechnology.【答案】32．D33．A

34．C35．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。考虑垃圾填埋造成的环境污染，目前中国有46个城市正在实行垃圾分类处理，即按照垃圾的不同性质放入不同的垃圾桶。中国计划到2020年建立一个基于垃圾分类的系统，在全国范围内实行该政策。32．细节理解题。根据文章第二

段的However,consideringtheenvironmentaldisasterassociatedwithburyingwaste,thereisapressingneedtoreducetheamountofwastet

hatgoesintoalandfill.Classification,sortingwasteintodifferentcategoriessuchasharmfulwaste,recyclablesandkitchenwaste,isakeysolution.(然而，考虑到

与掩埋垃圾相关的环境灾难，减少进入垃圾填埋场的垃圾数量迫在眉睫。垃圾分类，将废弃物按有害物、可回收物和厨余垃圾等不同类别分类，是一个关键的解决方案)可知进行垃圾分类的主要原因是考虑环境污染。D.Environmentalpollution.(环境污染)符

合以上说法，故选D项。33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的Currently,46citiesacrossChina,arecarryingoutaprogramthataimstoputinplaceacl

assification-basedgarbagedisposalsystembytheendof2020.(目前全国46个城市正在执行一个项目，该项目旨在到2020末建立一个基于分类的垃圾处理系统)可知该项目的目的是到2020年

全国都可以实行垃圾分类。A.Topractisewasteclassification.(为了实践垃圾分类)符合以上说法，故选A项。34．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Beforeyo

uthrowyourtrashintothenearestcan,thinkforamoment.Notallyourgarbagecanbedumpedintoonetrashcan.Itneedstobesorted

outwithdifferentthingsgoingintodifferentbins.(在你把垃圾扔进最近的垃圾桶之前，认真想一下。并非所有的垃圾都能被倒入一个垃圾桶。需要把不同的东西放到不同的垃圾桶。)可知本篇主要讲述根据垃圾不同的性质进行分类，然后再倒入适合的垃圾桶，即垃圾分类处理。C.D

oingthebestwithwaste.(用最好的方式处理垃圾)可以作为本文标题，故选C项。35．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的Infuture,thispracticeshouldbeadoptedacrossChina,inurbancit

iesandruralareasalike.(今后，这一做法将在全国范围内推广，无论城市还是农村都一样)可知将来垃圾分类的做法将在全国实行。B.Theprogramwillbespreadnationwide.(这个

项目将会在全国普及)符合以上说法，故选B项。10.（2020届宁夏银川一中高三第二次模拟）VacationsforPeopleWhoLoveWinterActivitiesWhenthetemperaturesdrop,don't

runawayfromthecold,embraceitwithoneoftheseperfectwinterwonderlandvacations.Seeanice-skatingshowatMadeleineHotelTelluride,Coloradoisfamousfors

kiing-theyhaveeverythingfromAlpinetoNordictobackcountry.ButrightoutsidethisgorgeousMadeleineHotelisamassiveice-skatingrin

kwithrentals(hockeyskatesandfigureskates)aswellaslessons,showsandevenspecialDJnights.SipwintersweetnessattheIceWin

eFestivalThischillyJanuaryfestivalatNiagaraontheLakecanreachtempsof40degreesbelowzerobut,aslongasyoucanfeelyou

rfingersandtoes,youcansipicewine-madefromfrozenlocalgrapes-fromtheicebarinthetownsquare.Whenyou'rereadytowar

mup,signupforavineyardtourandgofromwinerytowinerysippingandtastingsmallfoodpairings.BowloniceattheAmericanClubIn

thecourtyardoftheTudor-styleAmericanClubinKohler,Wisconsin,youcantryyourhandatbowlingonoutdoorlanesmadeofice.There'salsoBavarianCurling,andp

atioheaterstokeepyoucomfortablewhileyouchallengeyourfriends.ThecourtsstayopenthroughMarchandrequire48-hournoticeforreservations.Hitthehill

satLakePlacidLodgeTheAdirondacksinNewYorkareawinterwonderland,oncethehomeofthewinterOlympics,andhaseverythingfrom

bobsleddingtotobogganing,dogsledding,skijumpingandice-skating.Attheendoftheday,checkoutoneofLakePlacidLodge'sfamoussnowbonfires,bestadmiredw

ithhotcocoa.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,youcanclickhere.21．Ifyouareinterestedinskating,wherewillyouprobablygo?A．TellurideandAdirond

acks.B．TellurideandtheLake.C．AdirondacksandKohler.D．KohlerandtheLake.22．WhatcanyoudoattheIceWineFestival?A．Touc

hyourfingersandtoes.B．Skateattheicebar.C．Tastesomewineandfood.D．Bowlonoutdooricelanes.23．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Alifemagazin

e.B．Awebsite.C．Ageographytextbook.D．Anadvertisementcolumn.【答案】21．A22．C23．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要向读者介绍了几个有名的冬日活动基地，并对每个

地方的情况进行了说明。21．细节理解题。根据第三段―Telluride,Coloradoisfamousforskiing﹣theyhaveeverythingfromAlpinetoNordictobackcountry.‖科罗拉多州的泰

勒里德以滑雪而闻名，从高山滑雪到北欧滑雪，再到乡村滑雪，无所不包；根据倒数第二段的―TheAdirondacksinNewYorkareawinterwonderland,oncethehomeofthewinterOlympics,andhaseverythi

ngfrombobsleddingtotobogganing,dogsledding,skijumpingandice﹣skating.‖纽约的阿迪朗达克是一个冬季仙境，曾经是冬季奥运会的举办地，拥有从雪橇、狗拉雪橇、滑雪跳跃和

滑冰的一切活动。可知，如果你想滑雪，可以前往Telluride和Adirondacks，故选A。22．细节理解题。根据文章SipwintersweetnessattheIceWineFestival部分的内容，―Whenyou'rereadytowarmup

,signupforavineyardtourandgofromwinerytowinerysippingandtastingsmallfoodpairings.‖可知，当你准备好热身的时候，注册一个葡萄园之旅，从一个酒厂到另一个酒厂啜饮并品尝小食物。因此，在IceWineFe

stival上，你可以品尝红酒以及吃到一些小食物，结合选项，故选C。23．推理判断题。根据最后一段―Ifmoreinformationisneeded,youcanclickhere.‖可知，如果需要更多信息，请单击此处。所以推测，本文章来源于网络，故选B。11.（2020届宁夏银川一中高三

第二次模拟）AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseri

esofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperform

controlledflighttasks.―It‘sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents,‖saidRobertWoo

d,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histea

mgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.―Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactua

llynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,‖hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemst

ostartanddrivetheroboticfly.―Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindivid

uallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit‘sconnectedto,‖saidWood.Theflightdevicewa

sbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetin

ycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwi

thabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers‘fieldsoronthebattlefield.―Basically,itshouldbeabletota

keoff,landandflyaround,‖hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sen

singandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.―Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youkno

w,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,‖hesaid.―Sotherearealoto

ftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.‖32．Whichofthefollo

wingstatementswasthedifficultyengineersmetwhilemakingtheroboticfly?A．Theydidnothavesufficientfund.B．Noready-madecomponentswereavaila

ble.C．Therewasnomodelintheirmind.D．Itwashardforthemtoassemblethecomponents.33．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3

and4?A．Theroboticflyhasbeenputintowideapplication.B．Theroboticflyconsistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem.C．Informationfrommanysourcescanbeco

llectedbytheroboticfly.D．Theroboticflycanjustflyinlimitedareasatpresent.34．Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage

?A．Wood‘sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.B．Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C．Theroboticflyerisdesignedt

olearnaboutinsects.D．Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.35．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheDevelopmentofR

oboticFlyB．RoboticFlyPromotesEngineeringScienceC．Harvard‘sEffortsinMakingRoboticFlyD．RoboticFlyImitat

esRealLifeInsect【答案】32．B33．D34．A35．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发，创造了第一只机器苍蝇。文章还说明了设计这种机械苍蝇遇到的困难和该飞行装置的应用区域，这种设计为研究飞行力学和昆虫

控制提供了一种新方法32．细节理解题。根据第二段中.―Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelop

themallonourown,‖hesaid.（他说:―像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难，那就是这些组件都不是现成的，所以我们必须自己开发。‖）可知工程师们在让机器人飞行时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B。33．推理判断题。根据第四段中Whilethisfirstrobotic

flyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sotha

titmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers‘fieldsoronthebattlefield.（当这第一个机器人飞行器连接到一个小型的，外置的电源

时，它的目标是最终给它配备一个内置的电源，这样它可能有一天在救援地点，在农民的田地或战场上执行数据收集工作。）可推知机器苍蝇目前只能在有限的区域飞行。故选D。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中―Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoanswe

ropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobo

tsinstead,‖hesaid.（―你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题，你知道，用动物很难做到的方式来研究生物学，但可以用这些机器人来代替，‖他说。）可知伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A。35．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A

teamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewh

igh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.（哈佛

大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发，创造了第一只机器苍蝇。机械苍蝇已经成为一系列高新技术集成系统的平台。这台小型机器的设计初衷是让苍蝇能很自然地做它们该做的事情，但它的体积只有一只家蝇那么大。）以及文章主要内容围绕着机械苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作，故D选项符合文章标题。故选D。1

2.（2020届山西省吕梁市高三一模）Aslevelsofcarbondioxide-CO2-intheatmospherehavebeenrisinginrecentdecades,Earthhasbeenwarming.That

‘sbecauseasagreenhousegas,CO2trapsheatinEarth‘satmosphere.Thatwarmingisonesymptomofclimatechange.Andithasthepotentialtoaff

ectfoodinmanyways.DatanowshowthatrisinglevelsofCO2alsocanaffecthownutritiousacropwillbe.Someofthosedatawer

ereportedlastyearinAnnualReviewofPublicHealth.Indeed,itnotedthatseveralstudieshavecometothisconclusion.SamuelMyersisanenvironmentalhealths

cientistatHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass.Hewaspartofateamthathasstudiedthepotentialeffectsofclimat

echangeonnutrition.Inone2014study,hisgrouplookedatsixmajorfoodcrops:wheat,rice,fieldpeas,soybeans,maize(corn)and

sorghum.TheyexposedplantstodifferentamountsofCO2.Somegotlevelsofbetween363and386partspermillion(ppm),whichwe

retypicalatthattime.(CO2levelshavesincerisen.)Otherplantswereexposedtomoreofthatgreenhousegasastheygrew—546to586ppm.Such

levelsareexpectedtodevelopwithinthenext50yearsorso.Afterharvestingtheplants,theresearchersmeasuredtheirleve

lsofvitamins,mineralsandothernutrients.AndplantsgrownwithmoreCO2werelessnutritious.Mostpeopledependonce

realcrops,suchaswheatandrice,tomeettheirdietaryneedsforbothzincandiron.Ifcroplevelsofsuchnutrientsfall,peoplemay

faceanevengreaterriskoffallingill.Scientistsdon‘tyetknowwhyCO2impactslevelsofthesenutrients.Butthenewfindingssuggestscientistsmaywanttotrybre

edingnewvarietiesofcropsthatarelessaffectedbyCO2.Thatwaypeoplewillstillgetthemostbenefitsfromtheirgreensandgrains.8．Whatcanbethebesttit

leofthepassage?A．TherisingCO2levels.B．Climatechangeaffectingnutritionofcrops.C．Effectsofagreenhousegas

ontheenvironment.D．Newvarietiesofcrops.9．Howdidresearcherscometotheconclusion?A．Byexperimentingandmeas

uring.B．Byreferringtobooks.C．Byimagination.D．Byturningtofarmersforhelp.10．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccord

ingtothetext?A．Scientistsdon‘tyetknowwhyCO2impactslevelsofthesenutrients.B．CO2levelsareexpectedtoriseto546to586ppm

withinthenext50yearsorso.C．TheEarthhasbeenwarmingbecauseCO2trapsheatintheatmosphere.D．Globalwarmingaffectsfo

odonlyinoneway.11．What‘stheauthor‘sattitudetowardscropsinthefuture?A．Indifferent.B．Doubtful.C．Negative.D．Posit

ive.【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了二氧化碳对农作物营养含量的影响。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中Thatwarmingisonesymptomofclimatechange.Andithasthepote

ntialtoaffectfoodinmanyways.DatanowshowthatrisinglevelsofCO2alsocanaffecthownutritiousacropwillbe.气候变暖是气候变化的一个症状。它有可能在很多方

面影响食物。现在的数据显示，二氧化碳浓度的上升也会影响农作物的营养价值。以及最后一段中Scientistsdon‘tyetknowwhyCO2impactslevelsofthesenutrients.

科学家们还不知道为什么二氧化碳会影响这些营养物质的含量。可知，本文主要是讲述了二氧化碳对农作物营养含量的影响，因此本文的最佳标题选项B―气候变化影响作物营养。‖符合题意。故选B项。9．推理判断题。根据第二段中Inone2014study

,hisgrouplookedatsixmajorfoodcrops:wheat,rice,fieldpeas,soybeans,maize(corn)andsorghum.TheyexposedplantstodifferentamountsofCO2.在2014年的一项研

究中，他的团队观察了六种主要的粮食作物：小麦、大米、豌豆、大豆、玉米和高粱。他们将植物暴露在不同数量的二氧化碳中。以及第三段中Afterharvestingtheplants,theresearchersmeasure

dtheirlevelsofvitamins,mineralsandothernutrients.在收获这些植物后，研究人员测量了它们的维生素、矿物质和其他营养物质的水平。可知，研究人员通过实验和测量得出了这个结论。故选A项。10．细节理解题。根据第一段中And

ithasthepotentialtoaffectfoodinmanyways.它有可能在很多方面影响食物。以及第三段中Afterharvestingtheplants,theresearchersmeasuredtheirlevelsofvitamins,mineralsandother

nutrients.AndplantsgrownwithmoreCO2werelessnutritious.在收获这些植物后，研究人员测量了它们的维生素、矿物质和其他营养物质的水平。二氧化碳含量高的植物营养价值较低。可知，选项D―全

球变暖只在一个方面影响食物‖是错误的。故选D项。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中ButthenewfindingssuggestscientistsmaywanttotrybreedingnewvarietiesofcropsthatarelessaffectedbyCO2.T

hatwaypeoplewillstillgetthemostbenefitsfromtheirgreensandgrains.但新的发现表明，科学家可能想要尝试培育受二氧化碳影响较小的农作物新品种。这样，人们仍然可以从蔬菜和谷物

中获得最大的益处。可知，作者对未来农作物的态度是积极的。故选D项。13.（2020届山西省吕梁市高三一模）We‘veallbeentoldtodresswarmlyorwe‘llcatchcold.Butsciencesaysthecommoncoldiscau

sedbythevirus,nottheweather.Actually,accordingtoresearchersatYaleUniversity,therejustmightbesomethingtothisoldwives‘tale.Fordecades,rese

archershaveknownthatthevirusreplicates(复制)morereadilyincoolerenvironments,suchasthenose,ratherthanatthewarmercorebodytemp

erature.Thereasonforthis,explainsEllenFoxman,anassistantprofessoratYaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine,longremainedamystery.Scientistsdid

n‘tknowwhetherthevirusitselfworkedbetteratcoldertemperatures,ortheimmunesystemworkedworse.―Noonecouldfindanything,‖shesays.ThenFoxm

anandhercolleaguesstudiedwhat‘scalledthebornimmunesystem,whichispresentineverycell,andhowitrespondstovarioustemperatureswhenthevirusispresent.Inthe

lab,theyexaminedairwaycellsfrommiceandfoundthattheimmunesystemproducedfewerchemicalsubstancescalledinterferonsatlowertemperatures,allowi

ngthecoldvirustoflourish.Inastudypublishedthisyear,theyfoundsupportingresultsinhumancells:Atthewarmercorebodytemperature,bornimmunesystemstha

tblockviralgrowtharemoreactive,andcanstopandkillviruses.Nowtheteamistryingtobetterunderstandthedefensesthebodyusestoprev

entthevirus.Whilewearingascarfaroundyournosetowarmitupmighthelppreventacold,Foxmanrecommendswashingyourhandssoyoudon‘tpassthevirust

oyoureyes,nose,ormouthinthefirstplace.―Ifthevirusisn‘tinyournose,itcan‘tcauseinfection,‖shesays.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagra

phmean?A．Listentotheelders.B．Thetalemakessense.C．Thetaleisinteresting.D．Theresearchisuseless.13．WhatdidtheFox

manteamfind?A．Thevirusincreasedinwarmerenvironments.B．Themicewasmoreactiveinwarmerconditions.C．Theimmunesystemproducedmoreantivirusinwarmair

.D．Achemicalintheimmunesystemcanstopandkillvirus.14．WhatdoestheFoxmanteamsuggesttopreventthecold?A．Wearingascarf.B．Dressingwarmly.C．Washingthehands

.D．Staywarminwinter.15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Coldweathercausescold.B．Tipsonprotectingimmunesystem.C．Coldimpactthebody‘s

immunesystem.D．Manyvirusescancausethecommoncold.【答案】12．B13．C14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现寒冷的天气确实会使免疫系统产生较少的被称为干扰素的化学物质，这使得感冒病毒得以大量繁殖，因此

导致感冒。12．词句猜测题。根据第一段中Butsciencesaysthecommoncoldiscausedbythevirus,nottheweather.Actually,accordingtores

earchersatYaleUniversity,therejustmightbesomethingtothisoldwives‘tale.但是科学表明，普通的感冒是由病毒引起的，而不是天气。事实上，根据耶鲁大学的研究人员的说法，___________________。以

及最后一段Whilewearingascarfaroundyournosetowarmitupmighthelppreventacold,Foxmanrecommendswashingyourhandsso

youdon‘tpassthevirustoyoureyes,nose,ormouthinthefirstplace.虽然在鼻子上围一条围巾保暖可能有助于预防感冒，但Foxman建议首先要洗手，这样你就不会把病毒传染给眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴。由保暖的围巾可能有助于预防感冒

，可知，要穿得暖和些，否则会着凉的这种说法是由有一定道理的，因此猜测划线句意为―传说是说得通的‖。故选B项。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中Inthelab,theyexaminedairwaycellsf

rommiceandfoundthattheimmunesystemproducedfewerchemicalsubstancescalledinterferonsatlowertemperatures,

allowingthecoldvirustoflourish.在实验室里，他们检查了小鼠的呼吸道细胞，发现免疫系统在较低的温度下产生较少的被称为干扰素的化学物质，使得感冒病毒得以大量繁殖。可知，换句话说，Fox

man团队发现，在温暖的空气中免疫系统会产生更多的抗病毒物质。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Whilewearingascarfaroundyournosetowarmitupmighthelppre

ventacold,Foxmanrecommendswashingyourhandssoyoudon‘tpassthevirustoyoureyes,nose,ormouthinthefirstplace.虽然在鼻子上围一条围巾保暖可能有助于预防感冒，但Foxman建议首先要洗手，这样你

就不会把病毒传染给眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴。可知，Foxman团队建议勤洗手以防感冒。故选C项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段We‘veallbeentoldtodresswarmlyorwe‘llcatchcold.Butsciencesaysth

ecommoncoldiscausedbythevirus,nottheweather.Actually,accordingtoresearchersatYaleUniversity,therejustmig

htbesomethingtothisoldwives‘tale.我们都被告知要穿得暖和些，否则会着凉的。但是科学表明，普通的感冒是由病毒引起的，而不是天气。事实上，根据耶鲁大学的研究人员的说法，这种无稽之谈可能有些道

理。可知，本文主要是讲述了研究人员发现寒冷的天气确实会使免疫系统产生较少的被称为干扰素的化学物质，这使得感冒病毒得以大量繁殖，因此会导致感冒，因此选项A―寒冷的天气导致感冒。‖符合题意。故选A项。14.（20

20届山西省吕梁市高三一模）NewYear‘siswhenmanypeoplefeelmotivatedtomakeasavingsorfinancialplan.Forthosewhowanttoincreasethechan

ceofsuccess,16．SetgoalsinJanuary(oronyourbirthday).AcademicresearchshowsbothNewYear‘sDayandbirthdaysaregoodtimestostartcha

nge.Becausebothmarkanewstart,theyhelpus―wipetheslateclean,‖saidKatherineMilkman.―Weexplainthatitwas‗theoldm

e‘whofailed,butthisyearwillbedifferent‖.17．Setspecific,realisticgoals.Peopleoftensetthemselvesupforfailurebychoosingg

oalsthataretoovagueorextreme—forexample,to―savemore‖.Ifagoalrequiresyoutoremovethingsyouenjoy,youmayfeeldepre

ssedandlosetheabilitytosticktoit.18．Forexample,―Iwillincreasemysavingsratefrom5%to15%inthenextfiveyears.‖19．Thenextstepistobreakyourgoa

ldownintosmallerstepsandsolveoneatatime.―Nobodytriestorunamarathononthefirstday,‖saidMr.Egan.―Youneedaplantogetthere.‖Usethebehavior

alstrategiesthatworkforyou.Individualsneedtoautomatetheirsavings.20．―Therewillbesetbacks.Theyarepartofthejourney,‖saidMr.Egan.―Give

yourselfcreditforsuccessevenifthereissomedifficulty.‖A．Runamarathon.B．Makeadetailedplan.C．Thisboostsself-confidenc

e,akeytosuccess.D．thefollowingaresomestrategiestoconsider.E.Theyalsoneedtolearntobepatientwiththemselves.F.Thisinvolvessavingseparatelyf

ordifferentgoals.G.Thekeyistomakeyourgoalsasspecificandrealisticaspossible.【答案】16．D17．C18．G19．B20．F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对那些想要增加储蓄或理财计

划成功机会的人提供了一些值得考虑的策略：在一月份(或者你生日那天)设定目标，设定具体的、现实的目标，制定详细的计划，使用对你有效的行为策略。16．根据上一句Forthosewhowanttoincreasethechanceofsuccess,对

于那些想要增加成功机会的人来说，可知，此句位于本段句末，承上启下，因此此处内容与提出一些做储蓄或理财计划的策略有关，选项D―以下是一些值得考虑的策略‖符合题意。故选D。17．根据上一句―Weexplainthatitwas‗theoldme‘who

failed,butthisyearwillbedifferent‖.―我们解释说，失败的是‗过去的我‘，但今年将有所不同。‖可知，此处内容与从内心增强自信有关，选项C―这能增强自信，这是成功的关键。‖符合题意。故选C。

18．根据本段小标题Setspecific,realisticgoals.设定具体的、现实的目标。以及下一句Forexample,―Iwillincreasemysavingsratefrom5%to15%inthenextfiveyear

s.‖例如，―我将在未来五年内把我的储蓄率从5%提高到15%。‖可知，此处内容与使目标具体化、现实化有关，选项G―关键是要让你的目标尽可能的具体和现实。‖符合题意。故选G。19．根据下一句Thenextstepistobreakyourgoald

ownintosmallerstepsandsolveoneatatime.下一步是把你的目标分解成更小的步骤，一次解决一个。可知，此句是本段的小标题，体现本段的主旨，因此此处内容与把目标的计划细化有关，选项B

―制定详细的计划。‖符合题意。故选B。20．根据本段小标题Usethebehavioralstrategiesthatworkforyou.使用对你有效的行为策略。以及上一句Individualsneedtoautomatethei

rsavings.个人需要自动储蓄。可知，此处内容与实现自动储蓄有关，选项F―这涉及到为不同的目标分别存钱。‖符合题意。故选F。15.（2020届陕西省咸阳市高考一模）Porridgedoesn'thaveave

rytastyname,doesit?Itdoesn'thaveaverytastyreputation,either.I'mheretotryandconvinceyouthatporridgeisn‘tboringandtasteless,thatitcanbe

adelicious,convenientandveryhealthywaytostarttheday.Ifyou‘venevereatenit(althoughyouprobablyhave),porridgeisatypeoffoodservedforb

reakfast.Itisusuallyatypeofgrain,likericeoroat(燕麦),mixedwitheithermilkorwater,andoftenheatedup.Itisoftenthickerthanliquid,butnotso

lidandisveryeasytodigest,soit'sabetteroptionforpeoplewhoareill,anditprovideslong-lastingenergyfortheday.Porridgepreparation--theamountofingredie

nts(配料)andcookingtime—dependsonwhatyouchoosetouseasyourporridgebase.IfI'mcookingformyself,Iputaverybigha

ndfulof‗rolled‘oatsinasaucepan,addalittlebitofwaterandabout200mlofmilk,andletthemixtureboil.Istirtheporridgeconstantly,andittakesaboutfivetotenmi

nutestocook.Onceit'scooked,thefunpartisaddingtheflavors.Porridgealonedoesn'thaveaverystrongflavour.Althoughsomepeoplethinkth

ismakesporridgeboring,Ithinkthisiswhatmakesporridgeexciting!Itislikeablankpieceofpaper—youcanaddalmostanythingyouwanttothe

porridgebase.Greens,nutsanddriedfruitsareveryhealthyoptionstoaddandcangiveyouenergyfortheday.Butifyoudon'tlikethese,oryou'realle

rgic,thenhoneyandchocolatearealsoverytastyoptions.(Justdon‘taddtomuch!)Oneofthebestthingsaboutporridge?Youcan

makeitalmostanywhereintheworld.Eitheroatsorriceorbothare―staplefoods(主食)‖formanypeopleacrosstheworld.Youcanusuallybuybigb

agsofeither,thenaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting—whateverischeapandconvenienttofind,whereveryouare.Iamcur

rentlyinMexico,andIlovetoheatmyoatsupwithmilk,thenmixinpeanutsandpumpkinseedsandcacaonibs,andIputalayerofsugarove

rthetoptomakemyporridgesweeter.Porridge?Hopefullyitsoundsalottastiernow!8．Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebestthingaboutporridge?A．Itprovideslong

-lastingenergyfortheday.B．Itischeapandconvenienttomake.C．It'sabetteroptionforpeople.D．Itisneverboringandtasteless.9．Whatisthepurposeofthetext

?A．Togivebriefintroductiontovariousporridge.B．Toshowhowtoprepareporridgeforthepatient.C．Towarnusnottohave

porridgeforbreakfast.D．Tointroducethebenefitsofporridge.10．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Porridgeisoften

thicker,liquidandsolid.B．Porridgealonehasaverystrongflavor.C．Porridgeistomanypeople'sliking.D．Porridgeisonlyservedforbreakfast.11．What'sthea

uthor'sfavouriteflavor?A．PorridgewithSugar.B．Porridgewithoats.C．Porridgewithfruit.D．Porridgewithmilk.【答案】8．B9．D10．C

11．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，粥是一种美味、方便又健康的开始一天的方式，介绍了煮粥的方法。8．细节理解题。由题干关键词thebestthingaboutporridge可将答案定位于倒数第二段。由倒数第二段中的―Youcanmakeitalmostanywhereinthewo

rld.Eitheroatsorriceorbothare―staplefoods(主食)‖formanypeopleacrosstheworld.Youcanusuallybuybigbagsofeither,t

henaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting—whateverischeapandconvenienttofind,whereveryouare.‖（你几乎可以在世界任何地方做粥，对全世界许多人来说，燕

麦或米饭两者都是―主食‖，你通常可以买这两样中的一大袋，然后加入当地的配料，让你的粥变得有趣，无论你在哪里，主食都是便宜又方便找到的。）可知，粥最好的事情之一就是便宜且方便制作。故选B项。9．推理判断题。由第一段中的―I'mheretotryandconvinceyouth

atporridgeisn‘tboringandtasteless,thatitcanbeadelicious,convenientandveryhealthywaytostarttheday.‖（我来这里是想让你相信，粥并不是无聊

和无味的，它可以是一种美味、方便和非常健康的开始一天的方式。），第二段中的―Itisoftenthickerthanliquid,butnotsolidandisveryeasytodigest,soit'sabetteroptionforpeoplewh

oareill,anditprovideslong-lastingenergyfortheday.‖（它通常比液体稠，但不是固体，而且很容易消化，所以对于生病的人来说，它是一个更好的选择，它为一天提供持久的能量

。），和倒数第二段中的―Youcanusuallybuybigbagsofeither,thenaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting—whateverischeapandconvenienttofind,where

veryouare.‖（你通常可以买一大袋这两样中的任何一样，然后加入当地的配料，让你的粥变得有趣，无论你在哪里，主食都便宜又方便被找到。），可以推断出这篇文章的目的是介绍粥的优点。故选D项。10．细节理解题。由第二段中的―Itisoftenthickerthanliquid,b

utnotsolidandisveryeasytodigest,soit'sabetteroptionforpeoplewhoareill,anditprovideslong-lastingenergyfortheday.‖（它通常比液体稠，但不是固体，而且很容易消化，所以对于生病的人来说

，它是一个更好的选择，它为一天提供持久的能量。），可知粥比液体稠，但不是固体，排除A项；由第四段中的―Porridgealonedoesn'thaveaverystrongflavour.‖（光是粥就没有很浓的味道。），排除B项；由第二段中的―Ifyou‘venevereaten

it(althoughyouprobablyhave),porridgeisatypeoffoodservedforbreakfast.‖（如果你从未吃过（虽然你可能吃过），粥是早餐的一种食物。），可知粥是早餐的一种食物，并不是只有早餐能吃，排除D项

，所以只有C项正确，符合文意。故选C项11．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的―IamcurrentlyinMexico,andIlovetoheatmyoatsupwithmilk,thenmixinpeanutsandpumpkinseedsandcacaonibs,andIputalayerof

sugaroverthetoptomakemyporridgesweeter.‖（我现在在墨西哥，我喜欢用牛奶加热我的燕麦，然后混合花生、南瓜子和可可豆，我在上面放一层糖，使我的粥更甜。）可知，作者最喜欢的味道是

甜粥。故选A项。16.（2020届陕西商洛中学高三三模）Whenshewasstudyingtobecomeascientist,MeganStraussrodeinasmallairplanetostudyg

iraffes.WhileapilotflewovertheSerengetiinTanzania,Africa,theresearcherslookeddowncarefullyandcountedgiraf

fes."Iamalwaysamazedhoweasilywecanspotwarthogsandothersmallanimals,yetwesometimeshavetroubleseeinggiraffes.Giraffesareslenderinsha

pe,andtheymaynotthrowagoodshadow,"saysDr.Strauss,whohassincebecomeawildlifescientist.TheSerengetiisabout

thesizeofVermont,astateinthenortheasternUS,sothescientistscouldnotstudytheentirearea.Instead,theysurveyedthreeareas

wheregiraffeswerestudiedinthe1970s.Astheyexpected,theysawfarfeweroftheseanimals.Tofindoutiflionshadbeenkillingmoregiraffesinrecentyears,theteaml

ookedatthesurvivalofyounggiraffes.Lionskillmoreyounggiraffesthanadults,buttheteamfoundnodecreaseinyounggiraffes'survivalaftertheya

reborn,comparedwiththe1970s.Theteamthenlookedatwhethertoomanygiraffeswerebeingkilledbyparasites(寄生虫).Theresearcherscountedpa

rasiteeggsingiraffedroppings,andtheyfoundtoofewtoharmthegiraffepopulation.Theylookedintowhetherpoachers(盗猎者)werekillingt

oomanygiraffes.Twooftheareastheystudiedarewheregiraffemeatissometimessoldinlocalmarkets.Poacherscatchmoreadultmalesthanothergiraffes.Researche

rsspottedtoofewmalescomparedwithfemalesinthosetwoareas,asignofpoaching.Whenthefoodsupplyisshort,theenvironmentsupportsfewergiraffesandthe

femaleshavefeweryounggiraffes.AlotofnewtreeshavegrownintheSerengeti,butmanyareatypethatgiraffesdonotliketoeat.Theresear

chersfoundfeweryounggiraffestodaythaninthe1970scomparedwiththenumberofadultfemales,asignthatfoodwasinshortsupply.D

r.StraussisworkingonanenvironmentaleducationprogramforTanzaniaincludingbooksforstudents.ThesematerialswilleducateTanzaniansandhelpthemtohelpgiraf

fes.Asknowledgegrowsandchangesaremade,theyhopethegiraffepopulationwillincrease.4．WhatdidDr.Straussfindwhilestudying

giraffesintheSerengeti?A．Itwastoocostlytostudygiraffes.B．Itwashardtospotgiraffesfromtheair.C．Thenumberofgiraffeshadi

ncreasedslowly.D．Giraffeslivedinsmallerareasthaninthe1970s.5．Howdidtheteamstudythelion-girafferelationship?A．Byanalyz

inggiraffedroppings.B．Bycomparingyounggiraffeswithadults.C．Bycomparingmalegiraffesandfemales.D．Bysurveyingthes

urvivalofyounggiraffes.6．WhatisDr.Straussdoingtohelpgiraffes?A．SheisfoundinganationalparkinTanzania.B．Sheiscountinggiraffesint

heentireSerengeti.C．Sheiseducatingstudentstowriteaboutgiraffes.D．Sheisraisingenvironmentalawarenessinloc

alpeople.【答案】4．B5．D6．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员通过研究调查年轻长颈鹿的存活情况，发现长颈鹿的数量在减少，并发现偷猎和缺乏食物是长颈鹿数量减少的原因。4．细节理解题。根据第二段的Ia

malwaysamazedhoweasilywecanspotwarthogsandothersmallanimals,yetwesometimeshavetroubleseeinggiraffes.Giraffesareslenderinshape,andtheymaynotthrowago

odshadow.(我很吃惊我们能很容易地发现疣猪和其他小动物，但有时我们却很难看到长颈鹿。长颈鹿是苗条身材，他们可能不会投下影子。)可知，要在空中发现长颈鹿很难，因为它们可能不会投下影子。B.Itwashardtospotgiraffesfromtheair.(在空中很难看到长

颈鹿)符合以上说法，故选B项。5．推理判断题。根据第四段的Tofindoutiflionshadbeenkillingmoregiraffesinrecentyears,theteamlookedatthesu

rvivalofyounggiraffes.Lionskillmoreyounggiraffesthanadults,buttheteamfoundnodecreaseinyounggiraffes'survivalaft

ertheyareborn,comparedwiththe1970s.(为了查明近年来狮子是否猎杀了更多的长颈鹿，研究小组观察了幼长颈鹿的存活情况．狮子杀死的幼长颈鹿比成年长颈鹿多，但研究小组发现，与上世纪70年代相比，幼长颈鹿出生后的存活率并没有下降)可知，研

究人员是通过研究调查幼长颈鹿的存活情况，来研究狮子和长颈鹿的关系的。D.Bysurveyingthesurvivalofyounggiraffes.(通过研究年轻长颈鹿的存活)符合以上说法，故选D项。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段的D

r.StraussisworkingonanenvironmentaleducationprogramforTanzaniaincludingbooksforstudents.ThesematerialswilleducateTanz

aniansandhelpthemtohelpgiraffes.Asknowledgegrowsandchangesaremade,theyhopethegiraffepopulationwillincrease.(Dr.Strauss正在为坦桑尼亚开展一个环境教育项

目，其中包括为学生提供书籍。这些材料将教育坦桑尼亚人并帮助他们帮助长颈鹿。随着知识的增长和变化，他们希望长颈鹿的数量会增加)可知，Dr.Strauss通过引起当地人的环保意识来帮助长颈鹿。D.Sheisraisingenvironmentalawarenessinlocalpeople.(她正

在提高当地人的环保意识)符合以上说法，故选D项。17.（2020届陕西商洛中学高三三模）Woodhasmanygreatcharacteristicsthatmakeittheperfectbuildingmaterial.It

ischeap，durable(耐用的)，easilyavailable，andmostimportantly，environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot，istransparent(透明的).Nowthankstoateamofscienti

stsatStockholm'sKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology，thematerialmayevenbeabletoaddthatfeaturetoitsalreadyimpressivelist.LeadresearcherDr.LarsBer

glundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoodafterlearninghowJapaneseresearchershaddevelopedasee-th

roughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbypullingoutthewood'slignin(木质素).Thelignin

-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresultwasahybridproductthatwasnotonlystrongera

ndlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalso，almosttransparent.Theresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftransparencybyvaryingtheamount

ofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewood.Whilescientistshavepreviouslycreatedasee-throughwoodfor

small-scaleapplicationslikecomputerchips,hetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargescaleapplications.Theresearchers,whorevealedtheirfindi

ngsinBiomacromoleculesonApril11,pictureusingthetransparentwoodinbuildingstoallowformorenaturallight,o

rtocreatewindowsthatletinthedesiredamountoflightwithoutsacrificingprivacy.Woodthatallowslighttopassthroughcouldlead

toabrighterfutureforhomesandbuildings.Berglundalsothinksthewoodcouldplayasignificantroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.Thes

emi-transparentmaterialwouldbeabletokeeplightlongerandgiveitmoretimetointeractwiththeconductor,thusresultinginbettersolarefficiency.Addit

ionally,substitutingthecurrentlyusedglasswiththisnewproductwouldhelpsolarenergymanufacturersimprovetheircarbonfoo

tprintandlowerthecost.Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialis

cost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"thatfeature"inParagraph1referto?A．Cheapness.B．Durability.C．Sustain

ability.D．Transparency.8．Whichofthefollowingisnottheprocessinwhichthetransparentwoodismade?A．Dipthewoodintoap

olymer.B．Reducetheamountofthepolymer.C．Makethewoodlignin-free.D．Bakethewoodforsometime.9．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A．

Berglundgottheideaoftransparentwoodwhilemakingpaper.B．Varyingtheamountofthepolymerchangesthewood'shardness.C．Thecostofmak

ingthetransparentwoodstillneedstobecutdown.D．Thetransparentwoodwouldbeusedonlyforhomesandbuildings.10．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout？A．Thebri

ghtfutureofthetransparentwood.B．Thewood'sroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.C．Thedisadvantagesofthecurrentlyusedglass.

D．Solarenergymanufacturers'carbonfootprint.【答案】7．D8．B9．C10．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。科学家们研究出了一种透明木头。文章介绍了制造这种木头的过程以及这种木头的特点和未来的应用。7．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的―Itischeap，dura

ble(耐用的)，easilyavailable，andmostimportantly，environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot，istransparent(透明的)‖可知，木头便宜

，耐用，容易获得，最重要的是，可持续。但是它不是透明的。而最后一句提到：由于科学家的努力，已经将―那个特点‖添加到已有的特点单子里了。根据这个语境可以推知，该处应指，科学家们使得木头成为透明的了。―透明‖也成为了它的一个特点。故该画线词应该指D选项：透明。8．细节理解题。根

据第二段中的―Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours‖可知，制造透明木头的过程之一是：将无木质素的木材浸泡在聚合物中，在

158华氏度的温度下烘烤4小时。因此B选项提到的―减少聚合物的量‖和原文不符。故B选项切题。9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的―Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleu

pthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse‖可知，现在，他们正在尝试扩大制造工艺，使得透明材料制造起来更加合算，易于使用。由此推知，现在制造透明木头的成本仍然

很高，需要降低成本。故C选项正确。10．主旨大意题。最后一段介绍了透明木头将来在家庭，建筑物，太阳能电池板，环保等方面的应用。由此可知，最后一段主要介绍了透明木头的光明未来。故A选项正确。18.（2020

届四川省德阳市高三二诊）Hearinglossisunavoidable,butlisteningtoloudmusicwhenyou‘reyoungercanmakeitworse.Toreduceyourriskofhearinglossvialoudmusi

c,learnwhyandhowitcancausehearingloss,andjusthowloudistooloud.Hearinglossoccursinfourways:conductivehearingloss,sensorineuralhearingloss,mixedhearin

glossandauditoryneuropathyspectrumdisorder.Noise-induced(噪音诱发的)hearinglossisatypeofsensorineuralhearinglo

ss.Sensorineuralhearinglossoccurswhenyourinnerearbecomesdamaged.Inthecaseofnoiseinducedhearingloss,mostofthedamageaffectsthecellsoft

inysensoryhairsinyourinnerear.Whenthosecellsgetdamagedordie,theelectricalsignalthatyourauditorynervesen

dstoyourbrainchanges.Noise-inducedhearinglosscanbeacuteorsevere,anditcanbetemporaryorpermanent.Youmightbefamiliarwitha

cutetemporarynoise-inducedhearingloss,evenifyoudidn‘trealizewhatwashappeningatthetime.Acutetemporarynoise-inducedhearinglosscanoccurfromattendingal

oudconcertorsportingevent,goingtoagunrangewithoutearmuffsorbeingnearanexplosion.Itcanmakenoisessound―st

uffy‖orfaraway,especiallywhentalkingonthephoneorinacrowdedroom.Repeatedexposuretothoseloudsituationscaneventuallyleadtopermanenthearingloss.Noiselev

elsfromearbudsandheadphonescangetasloudas139decibels,accordingtothejournalNoise&Health,fargreaterthanthereco

mmendedrangeofeverydaysoundexposure,whichis60to85decibels.Andtheaveragelevelofnoisefromheadphones,withthevolumeturnedallthewayup,is94to

110decibels.Forcontext,60decibelsisaboutthevolumeofanaverageconversation,and130decibelsisaboutthenoiselevelofaro

ckconcert.85decibelsisconsideredthemaxi-mumvolumeatwhichyoucanlistentosoundforeighthourswithoutdamagingyourhearing.Soifyouweret

olistentomusicfromyourheadphonesforeighthoursaday,listeningatavolumelouderthan85decibelscancausepermanentdam

agetoyourears.Unfortunately,therelationshipbetweendecibelsandtimeisn‘tlinear.Foreverythreedecibels,safeexposuretimegetscut

inhalf,accordingtotheCDC．At88decibels,youcanonlysafelylistenforfourhours;at91decibels,justtwohours.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword‖it‖inPar

agraphOnereferto?A．Hearingloss.B．Listeningtoloudmusic.C．Risk.D．Loudmusic.33．Inwhichofthefollowingsituationsisacutetempora

rynoise-inducedhearinglossmorelikelytooccur?A．Attendingarockconcert.B．Participatinginaheateddebate.C．Goingtoagunrangew

ithearmuffs.D．Watchinganexplosionatadistance.34．Intermsofsafeexposure,howlongcanyoulistenat97decibels?A．Aquarter.B．Hal

fanhour.C．Onehour.D．Oneandahalfhours.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．LoudMusi

cDamagesHearingB．HowtoPreventHearingLossC．HowLoudIsTooLoudD．MusicandHearing【答案】32．D33．A34．B35．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文

章主要讲述了听力损失是不可避免的，但年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况更糟。要想通过听吵闹音乐来降低听力损失的风险，你需要了解音乐为什么会导致听力损失，以及它是如何造成听力损失的。32．词义猜测题。根据前一句―li

steningtoloudmusicwhenyou‘reyoungercanmakeitworse(年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况变得更糟)‖中的listeningtoloudmusic为主语，因此本句应是对其进行进一步的描述，―it‖作为不

定代词，可指代前文提及的动作或事物，结合本句―Toreduceyourriskofhearinglossvialoudmusic,learnwhyandhowitcancausehearingloss,andjusthowloudistooloud.‖因此可推知本句中

it应指前一句―listeningtoloudmusicwhenyou‘reyoungercanmakeitworse(年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况变得更糟)‖中的loudmusic。故选D项。33．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容―Acute

temporarynoise-inducedhearinglosscanoccurfromattendingaloudconcertorsportingevent,goingtoagunrangewithoutearmuffsorbeingne

aranexplosion.(急性暂时性噪音性听力损失可以发生在参加吵闹的音乐会或体育赛事、去没有耳罩的射击场或在爆炸附近。)‖可知参加吵闹的音乐会出现该情况，选项A―Attendingarockconcert.

(参加摇滚音乐会。)‖为吵闹音乐会。故选A项。34．细节理解题。根据文章末尾内容―Foreverythreedecibels,safeexposuretimegetscutinhalf,accordingtotheCDC.At88decibels,youcanonlysafelylisten

forfourhours;at91decibels,justtwohours.(根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，每三分贝，安全暴露时间就会减少一半。在88分贝时，你只能安全地听4个小时;在91分贝时

，你只能听两个小时。)‖可知，每增加三分贝，安全暴露时间就会减少一半，结合后文提及91分贝时，能听两个小时，因此94分贝时，应减少一半时间，即一个小时；97分贝时，再减少一半时间，即能听半个小时。故选B项。35．主旨大意题。文章首段

提出了本文的论述中心―Toreduceyourriskofhearinglossvialoudmusic,learnwhyandhowitcancausehearingloss,andjusthowlou

distooloud.(要想通过大声听音乐来降低听力损失的风险，你需要了解音乐为什么会导致听力损失，以及它是如何造成听力损失的。)‖可知，本文主要围绕―吵闹音乐与听力损失‖之间进行了阐述，选项A.LoudMusicDamagesHearing(吵闹的音乐损害听

力)符合本文主题，可为最佳标题。故选A项。19.（2020届四川省高三第一次统一监测）TheGuidetoFilmFestivalsCannesFilmFestivalCannes,FranceinM

ayTopprize:Palmed‘OrHistory:ThefirstCannesFilmFestivaltookplaceinSeptember1939,butitdidn‘thappenagainuntilafterWorl

dWarII.ThePalmed‘Orprizewasintroducedin1955.Thefestivalbecameestablishedduringthe1960sandisnowknownastheworl

d‘smostimportantfilmfestival.Didyouknow?About20featurefilmscompeteeachyearforthePalmed‘Or.PreviouswinnersincludeMichaelMooreandQuentinTarantino.Un

liketheOscars,thetopprizeisfrequentlysharedbetweentwofilms.FamousfilmsthathavewonthePalmed‘OrincludeApocalypseNow,TaxiDriver,LaDolceVitaandThe

ThirdMan.Thefestivalattractsmorethan40,000peopleeveryyear.VeniceFilmFestivalVenice,ItalyinAugust/Septe

mberTopprize:GoldenLionHistory:TheVeniceFilmFestivalistheoldestfilmfestivalstillinexistence.Thefilmfestivalwasin1932andi

tattractedover25,000people.Thefestivaldidnotappearagainuntil1934,whentherewasacompetitionbetween19countries.Thefestivalwasheldthreetime

sduringWorldWarIIandhasbeenheldalmosteveryyearsincethen.Didyouknow?Filmsatthe61stVeniceFilmFestivalin2

004werenominatedfor16awardsattheOscars—thehighesteverforthefestival.ThesefilmsincludedVeraDrake,SharkTale,CollateralandFinding

Neverland.TheLondonFilmFestivalLondon,UKinOctober/NovemberTopprize:Non-competitiveHistory:TheLondonFilmFestivalstartedin1956whenagroupoffi

lmcriticsledbythefamousDilysPowell,thefilmcriticforTheSundayTimes,gottogetheroverdinner.TheydiscussedthefestivalsatCa

nnesandVenice,andtheyagreedthatLondonneededone,too.Theywantedtogivepeopletheopportunitytoseefilmsfromaroundtheworldthatwerenotbeingshowninthecinemas.

Thefirstfestivalshowed20filmsattheNationalFilmTheatreontheSouthBank.Didyouknow?ThefestivalisoneofEurope‘slargestpublicfilmevents,screeningabout280

filmsfrom60countries.Althoughitisnon-competitive,theBritishFilmInstituteawardstheSutherlandTrophytothemostoriginalandimaginativefirstfeaturefilms

creenedatthefestival.1．Wecanknowfromthetextthat________.A．theThirdManhaswontheGoldenLionB．thePalmed‘OrcanbeawardedtotwofilmsC．theCannesFilmFestiva

lstartedafterWorldWarIID．thePalmed‘OrprizewasintroducedduringWorldWarII2．TheVeniceFilmFestival__________.A．didn‘tattractmanypeopleatfirstB．hasbee

nheldeveryyearsince1934C．isregardedasthemostimportantfilmfestivalD．hasbeenrunninglongerthananyotherfilmfestival3．Whatwasthepurp

oseoftheLondonFilmFestivalatthebeginning?A．Tomakesomefilmspublic.B．Tobringfilmcriticstogether.C．Tocompete

withotherfilmfestivals.D．Tochoosethebestoriginalfeaturefilms.【答案】1．B2．D3．A【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要对世界上几个电影节做了简单的介绍。1．细节理解题。根据Topprize:Palmed‘Or部分中的第二段Unli

ketheOscars,thetopprizeisfrequentlysharedbetweentwofilms.可知，与奥斯卡不同，最高奖项通常由两部电影分享。由此可知，金棕榈奖可颁给两部电影。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据TheVeniceFilm

Festival部分中的Thefilmfestivalwasin1932anditattractedover25,000people.(1932年的电影节吸引了超过25000人参加)和Palmed‘Or部分中的ThefirstCannesFilmFestivaltookpla

ceinSeptember1939,butitdidn‘thappenagainuntilafterWorldWarII.(第一届戛纳电影节于1939年9月举行，但直到二战后才再次举办)及TheLondonFilmFestival部分中的TheLondonFilmFestivalstart

edin1956whenagroupoffilmcriticsledbythefamousDilysPowell,thefilmcriticforTheSundayTimes,gottogetheroverdinner.(伦敦电影节始于1956年，当时一群以

《星期日泰晤士报》著名影评人迪莉丝·鲍威尔为首的影评人聚在一起共进晚餐)可知，威尼斯电影节比其他任何电影节的历史都要长。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据TheLondonFilmFestival部分中的Theywantedtogivepeopletheopportunitytoseefil

msfromaroundtheworldthatwerenotbeingshowninthecinemas.可知，他们想让人们有机会看世界各地的没有在电影院放映的电影。由此可知，伦敦电影节一开始的目的是把一些电影公之于众。故选A。20.（2020届四川省高三第一次统一监测）Isth

ereanyoneyouadmire?Nomatterwhatstageoflifeyou‘reat,it‘sgoodtohavesomeonewhoinspiresyoutobethebestversionofyourself.N

ow,thankstosomespecialnationalawards,wewillhaveawiderrangeofpossiblerolemodels.Tocelebratethe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

(PRC),PresidentXiJinpingsignedapresidentialruleonSept.17toaward42individualstheMedaloftheRepublic,theFriendshipMedalandvarioushonorarytitles,Chin

aDailyreported.Thepeoplewhoreceivedmedalscomefromarangeofbackgrounds9includingscientists,lawmakers,educators,artists,modelworkersands

ixforeignnationals.Theyhaveallmadeoutstandingcontributionstothenation'sconstructionanddevelopment.The89-year-oldShenJilanisoneoftheeightpeoplewho

wereawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.Asalifelongfarmer,sheistheonlydeputy(代表)inChinatoserveatall13NationalPeople‘

sCongressessince1954.ShewitnessedthedevelopmentofthePeople‘sCongresssystem.Shehasbeenengagedinmakingandimprovingnationallawsmosto

fherlife.Itwasshewhoproposedtheclauseon―equalpayforequalwork‖betweenmenandwomen,whichwaswrittenintothefirstConstitutionofPRCin1954.China‘sdevelo

pmentcan‘tcontinuewithoutlawmakers,norcanitmoveforwardwithoutscientists.YePeijian,whoreceived,thehonorarytitle―thepeople‘sscientist‖,ha

sbeendevotedtoChina‘slunarprogramfortwodecades.Knownas―theFatherofChang‘eProbes‖,histeamofaerospaceengineersputlunarlanderso

nthemoon.OnJan,3ofthisyear,theChang‘e4probetoucheddownonthemoon‘sfarside,markingtheprogram‘slatestachievement.―Th

espaceprogramisabout40yearslatewiththeUS,butwehaveusedChinesetechnologyinourprogramme.‖hetoldGBTimeswhenaskedaboutthelunarexplorationprogram.

AlsoreceivingawardsaresixforeignfriendswhohavelenttheirhandstoassistwithChina‘sprosperity(繁荣).RaulCastroRuz,fo

rmerCubanpresident,wasgivenaFriendshipMedal.Thishonorrecognizes―therevolutionaryworkofhislifeandhiscontributiontostre

ngtheningrelationsbetweenCubaandChina‖,saidMiguelDiaz-CanelBermudez,presidentoftheCouncilofStateandCo

uncilofMinistersofCuba,onsocialmedia.Thankstotheheroiceffortsmadebythesegreatfigures,wecanliveinaprosperousandpeacefulcountry.Hopef

ully,theserolemodelscanlightthewayforanewgenerationandinspirefuturepeopletocontributetonationbuilding.

8．What‘sthewriter‘spurposetowritethearticle?A．Tosaythankstonationalmodels.B．Totellreaderswhatmakesarolemodel.C．Todescribetheawardsrecent

lygivenbythegovernment.D．Tointroducesomeofthepeoplewhowonnationalawards.9．WhatcanwelearnaboutShenJilanfromthepassage?A．Shehastakenanact

ivepartinmakingnationallaws.B．SheistheonlywomanawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.C．ShefirstbecameadeputytotheNationalPeople'sCongress.D

．Shehelpedtoimproveworkingequipmentforwomenin1954.10．WhatwasYePeijianawardedanhonorarytitlefor?A．Forhisdesi

gnoftheChang‘e4probe.B．Forputtinglunarlandersonthemoon.C．ForhisyearsofworkinChina‘slunarprogram.D．ForleadinghisteamtoexcelpasttheUSspaceprogr

am.11．WhatcanweknowaboutRaulCastroRuzfromthetext?A．HehasintroducedChineseculturetoCuba.B．HehasmaderevolutionarychangesinCuba.C．H

ehashelpedimproveChina-Cubarelations.D．HewastheonlyforeignerawardedtheFriendshipMedal.【答案】8．D9．A10．C11．C【解析】本文为说明文。为庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年，国家主席习近平签署了一项总统令，

授予42名个人共和国勋章、友谊勋章和各种荣誉称号。文章还介绍了几位获得国家级奖项的人。8．推理判断题。文章第一段和第二段叙述了那些获得特殊贡献奖的获得者，是我们学习的榜样。为庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年，国家主

席习近平于9月17日签署了一项总统令，授予42名个人共和国勋章、友谊勋章和各种荣誉等称号。接着从第三段到最后简要介绍了一些获得国家级奖项的人。由此可知，本文的目的就是介绍一些获得国家级奖项的人。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的Shehasbeenengagedinmaki

ngandimprovingnationallawsmostofherlife.Itwasshewhoproposedtheclauseon―equalpayforequalwork‖betweenmenandwomen,whichwaswrittenintothefirstCo

nstitutionofPRCin1954.可知，她一生中大部分时间都致力于制定和完善国家法律。正是她提出了―男女同工同酬‖这一条款，并于1954年写入中华人民共和国第一部宪法。由此可知，沈继兰参与了制定国家法律。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第五段中的YePeijian,whoreceived

,thehonorarytitle―thepeople‘sscientist‖,hasbeendevotedtoChina‘slunarprogramfortwodecades.Knownas―theFatherofChang‘eProbes‖

,histeamofaerospaceengineersputlunarlandersonthemoon.可知，获得―人民科学家‖荣誉称号的叶培建，20年来一直致力于中国的月球计划。被称为―嫦娥探测器之父‖的他的航天工程师团队将着陆器送

上了月球。由此可知，他被授予荣誉称号是因为他多年来为中国探月计划所做的工作。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Thishonorrecognizes―therevolutionaryworkofh

islifeandhiscontributiontostrengtheningrelationsbetweenCubaandChina‖,saidMiguelDiaz-CanelBermudez,presidentoftheCouncilofStateandCouncilofMinister

sofCuba,onsocialmedia.可知，古巴国务委员会和部长会议主席米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔·贝穆德斯在社交媒体上表示，这一荣誉表彰了―他毕生的革命工作，以及他对加强古巴和中国关系的贡献‖。由此可知，RaulCastroRuz帮助改善了中

古关系。故选C。21.（2020届四川省高三第一次统一监测）Inrecentyears,peoplehavebeenfocusingonthequalityoffoodthatchildrenarefe

dinschools.FormerFirstLadyMichelleObamaworkedhardtomakeschoolluncheshealthier,resultinginnewmenusthatfeaturedlessfatandsalt,moref

ruits,vegetables,andleanerproteins.Buthigh-qualitynutrientscountforlittlewhenthereisnotimetoeatthemandlackoflunchtimeisaseriousprobleminschool

sacrosstheUnitedStates.AmyEttingerreports,―Thereisnonationalstandardonhowmuchtimekidsgettoeatthatmeal.‖Andwithschoolsbeingoccupiedw

ithtestscores,teachersareusingeveryavailableminuteforlessontime,whichoftenleaveskidswithoutenougheatingtime.Thisisaproble

mbecausethelengthoftheschoollunchperiodisakeyfactorinhowmuchnutritionchildrenactuallyget.Aresearchhasfoundthathavinglessthan20minutesforlunchres

ultsinchildrenconsumingmuchlessoftheirlunchesthanthosewithmorethan20minutes.Thisisreallyterrible.Formanylow-incomekids,thatcafeterialunchcanrepresent

halftheirdailyenergyintake.There‘salsoanotherterriblemessagethatit‘sacceptabletowolfdownfoodasfastaspossiblebeforerushingofftoyournex

tclass.Cafeteriatimeshouldbeachancetointeractwithfriends,tolearnimportantsocialskills,toobserveandsharevarietiesoffood.

Itshouldbearespiteintheday,achancetorelaxmentallyandphysicallybeforeheadingintotheafternoon.AsEttingerexplains,someparentsarehopingtheNation

alParentTeacherAssociationwilladdressthisissueatitsnextmeetingandtakeanofficialstance.This,inturn,would

helpparentspushtheirkids‘schoolsforbetterlunchtimestandards.Meanwhile,ifyouhaveakidinthissituation,youcanhelpbypackingahealthylunchtosparethemthe

cafeterialineup.Makethefoodseasytounwrapandeat,providenon-messysnacksthatcanbeeateninclass,putsignificanteffortintoservin

gaheartybreakfast,andsitdownasafamilyfordinnerwheneverpossible.12．WhatishappeningtochildreninAmericanschools?A．Theylackluncheatingt

ime.B．Theygetbadlyalongwitheachother.C．Theyconsumemoremeatthanbefore.D．Theyareoccupiedwithmanyoutdooractivities.13．Howarelow-incomekidsinfluenced

bytheproblematschool?A．Theycan‘ttakeinenoughnutrients.B．Theycan‘tsharedifferentkindsoffood.C．Theycan‘tlearnsomeimportantsocialskill

s.D．Theycan‘tholdapositiveattitudetowardslife.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―respite‖inParagraph4mean?A．Test.B．Challen

ge.C．Belief.D．Break.15．Howcanparentshelpsolvetheprobleminthetext?A．Byguidingtheirkidshowtoeatlunches.B．Bypreparingab

etterlunchfortheirkids.C．Bystoppingtheirkidsgoingtothecafeteria.D．Byforcingtheschoolstomakeadjustments.【答案】12．

A13．A14．D15．B【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要说明了美国的孩子们由于忙于学习没有足够时间吃午饭，尤其是低收入的孩子无法吸取足够的营养。文章号召家长给孩子们准备好有营养、容易打开食用的健康午餐。

12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Buthigh-qualitynutrientscountforlittlewhenthereisnotimetoeatthemandlackoflunchtimeisaseriousprobleminsch

oolsacrosstheUnitedStates.可知，但是，当没有时间吃高质量的营养物质时，它们就没有什么意义了，而且在美国各地的学校里，午餐时间不足是一个严重的问题。由此可知，美国学校里的孩子们缺少吃午饭的时间。故选A。13．推理判断题。根据第三段

中的Aresearchhasfoundthathavinglessthan20minutesforlunchresultsinchildrenconsumingmuchlessoftheirlunchesthanthosewithmorethan20minutes.可知，一项研究发现，午餐时

间不足20分钟的孩子比午餐时间超过20分钟的孩子吃的午餐要少得多。再根据第四段中的Formanylow-incomekids,thatcafeterialunchcanrepresenthalftheirdailyenergyintake.可知，对于许多低收入的孩子来说，自

助午餐相当于他们每日能量摄入的一半。由此可推知，受学校这个问题的影响，低收入家庭的孩子不能吸收足够的营养的。故选A。14．词义猜测题。划线词所在句中的achancetorelaxmentallyandphy

sicallybeforeheadingintotheafternoon(这是在下午上课前在身心上得到放松的机会)是arespiteintheday的同位语。由此推知，arespiteintheday意为―一天中的休息时间‖，故respite的意为―休息‖。A.Test.测试；B.Cha

llenge.挑战；C.Belief.信念；D.Break.休息。故选D。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Meanwhile,ifyouhaveakidinthissituation,youcanhel

pbypackingahealthylunchtosparethemthecafeterialineup.可知，与此同时，如果你的孩子有这种情况，你可以帮他们打包一份健康的午餐，这样他们就不用去自助餐厅了。由此可知，父母可以通过为孩子准备更好的午餐来帮助解决这个问题。故

选B。22.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）NewYorkisanoverwhelmingcitytovisitwithchildren.WentfollowsiscarefullycollectedadvicefromNewYorkerson

howtocoverthecityright.TenementMuseumTheTenementMuseumontheLowerEastSideoffersafantasticglimpseintourbanfamily

life.GuidedtoursrevealthedailyroutinesofgenerationsofIrish,JewishandItalianimmigrantswhomadetheirmarkthenquicklymovedupandout.Pickupa

copyof―All-of-a-KindFamily‖oravintagetoyinthemuseumshop,oneofthecity‘sbest.MoMaMuseumMoMaMuseumdoesanexcellentjobmakingmodernandcontem

poraryartaccessibletochildrenasyoungas4.Onweekendmornings,guidedtoursaredividedintoage-appropriategroupsinwhichchildrencanobserveanumberofworksan

ddraw;latertheygainfreeadmittancetotheentiremuseum.Thecafeteriaisbothgrown-upandchild-friendly,andthere‘sanartlabo

ratorywithhands-onactivitiesandevenanaudioguideforyoungpeople.IntrepidSea,AirandSpaceMuseumThemostsignificantinthemuseumis

theSpaceShuttlePavilion,whichisscheduledtoreopeninJuly,showcasingtheEnterprise,NASA‘sfirstspaceshuttle,whicharrivedlastyear.The

U.S.SIntrepid,aWorldWarII-eraaircraftcarrier,isworthwhileinitself.WhilethecomplexsuffereddamageduringHu

rricaneSandy,mostofitsfacilitiesareonceagainshipshape.FamiliesmaywanttoconsiderOperationSlumber,whichallowsforovernight

visitswithspecialactivitiesforchildren6andolder.Children‘sMuseumoftheArtsAlltheartworkhereismadebychildren,andvisitorscanmaketheirown(bonus:youdon‘t

havetocleanup).Anareaforyoungerchildrenincludessand,Play-Dohandguidedmusicactivities.ChildrengoberserkfortheBallPond,aclosed-inarea

ofoversizeballs.Isitexperientialart?Aninstallation?Childrenneednotbotherwithsuchimponderables.1．Whichofthefollowingm

useumsofferfreeadmission?A．TenementMuseum.B．MoMaMuseum.C．IntrepidSea,AirandSpaceMuseum.D．Children‘sMuseumofArts.2．HowisChildren‘sMuseumoftheA

rtsdifferentfromtheotherthreemuseums?A．Itprovidesactivitiesforchildrenofdifferentages.B．Itexhibitsalotofartwork.C．Itsartworkisallcreatedbychildre

n.D．ItusedtobedamagedintheHurricanSandy.3．Whatdothefourmuseumshaveincommon?A．Theyareallchildren-friendly.B．Theyallshowvisitors

contemporaryartwork.C．Theycanoffervisitorsactivitiestotakepartin.D．Theyareallsuitableforchildrenover4

yearsold.【答案】1．B2．C3．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。纽约是一个让孩子们流连忘返的城市。文章介绍了四个适合孩子的纽约博物馆。1．细节理解题。根据MoMaMuseum部分中的Onweekendmornings,guidedtoursaredividedintoa

ge-appropriategroupsinwhichchildrencanobserveanumberofworksanddraw;latertheygainfreeadmittancetotheentiremuseum.(在周末上午，导游团会按年龄分组，让儿童观赏及绘画作品；然后他

们获得整个博物馆的免费入场券)可知，MoMaMuseum提供免费入场服务。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据Children‘sMuseumoftheArts部分中的Alltheartworkhereismadebychildren,andvisitorscanmaketheirown(b

onus:youdon‘thavetocleanup).可知，这里所有的艺术品都是孩子们做的，游客们可以自己动手（额外的好处是：你不必收拾）。结合其他三个博物馆的介绍可知，这是儿童艺术博物馆的特殊之处。故选C。3．细

节理解题。根据第一段中的NewYorkisanoverwhelmingcitytovisitwithchildren.(纽约是一个让孩子们流连忘返的城市)及四家博物馆的介绍可知，这四个博物馆都是非常适合孩子参观的。故选A。23.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）Ipassedmydriv

ingtestatthefourthattempt.YoumightthinkthatmeansI‘mnotassafeassomeonewhopassedforthefirsttime.Butwouldyoufeelsaferwithnodriveratall?Maybenot,a

ndit‘sforthisreasonthatautomotivefirmshaveincludeddriver-assistfunctionsintheirprototype(原型)driverlesscars.Thisallowstheh

umandrivertotakeoverifthereisaproblem.Googleisonemanufacturerthathasprototypedriverlesscars.Thesehavebeenequippedwithsteeringw

heelsandconventionalcontrolstoallownormaldriving.Butthisisjustastage—thevisionistohavefullyautomatedcarsverysoon.ThedirectorofGoogle‘sself-driv

eproject,ChrisUrmson,hopeshis11-year-oldsonwillneverhavetotakeadrivingtest.Toachievethat,thecarsneedtobeontheroadsi

nfiveyears.Hesaysdriverlesscarswillgreatlyreduceaccidentsandtrafficjams.AccordingtoChris,―about1.2millionpeoplearekilledontheroads

aroundtheworldeachyear.Thatnumberisequivalenttoajetfallingoutoftheskyeveryday.‖Hethinksgradualchangestoexistingcardesignsarenotenoughtodealwiththepr

oblem.―Ifwearereallygoingtomakechangestoourcitiesandgetridofparkinglots,weneedself-drivecars,‖hesays.Google‘sprototypeshavecoveredover

amillionkilometersontheroad.Theyhavealsohadtodealwithunexpectedsituations,suchasachilddrivingatoycarintheroad,andawomaninanelectricwheel

chairchasingaduck.Ineachcase,theyreactedsafely.Somearenotconvinced.SevenBeikerofStanfordUniversitythinksdriverlesscarswillstillneedhu

maninputinextremecircumstances.Healsoworriesthatpeoplemayforgethowtooperatetheirvehiclesiftheydonotdoitregularly.―Ig

uessIshouldn‘tthrowawaymydriver‘slicensejustyet,‖hesays.4．Whatcanbeknownaboutdriverlesscars?A．Theyarefittedwithnewly-developedsteeringwheels.B．Th

eyincludefunctionsmanagedbyhumandrivers.C．Theyneedtraditionalcontrolstoavoidtrafficjams.D．Theywillbepurchasedonthemarketinfiveyears.5．

WhatcanwelearnfromwhatChrissaid?A．Chrisbelievesthatthereisapossibilityofajetcrashingperday.B．About1.2millionpeoplearekilleda

roundtheworldeachyear.C．Changingcurrentcardesignsalonecannotpreventalltrafficdeaths.D．Driverlesscarscannotdealwithext

remecircumstanceswithouthumanhelp.6．What‘stheattitudeofSevenBeikertowardsdriverlesscars?A．Approving.B．Cautious.C．Neutral.D．Hopeful.7．W

hatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Whyweneeddriverlesscarsinthenearfuture.B．Howtocontroladriverlesscarwithoutadriver‘slicense.C．Differencesb

etweendriverlesscarsandconventionalones.D．Abriefintroductionofdriverlesscarsandsomeopinionsonthem.【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了无人驾驶汽车，并提出一些看

法。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Maybenot,andit‘sforthisreasonthatautomotivefirmshaveincludeddriver-assistfunctionsintheirprototyp

e(原型)driverlesscars.(也许不是，正是因为这个原因，汽车公司在他们的无人驾驶汽车原型中加入了驾驶员辅助功能)可知，无人驾驶汽车包括由人工驱动程序管理的功能。故选B。5．细节理解题。根

据第三段中的Hethinksgradualchangestoexistingcardesignsarenotenoughtodealwiththeproblem.(他认为逐步改变现有的汽车设计不足以解决这个问题)可知，Chris认为仅仅改变现有的汽车设计并不能防止所有的交通死亡。故选C。

6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的SevenBeikerofStanfordUniversitythinksdriverlesscarswillstillneedhumaninputinextremecircumstances.Healsoworriesthatpeop

lemayforgethowtooperatetheirvehiclesiftheydonotdoitregularly.―IguessIshouldn‘tthrowawaymydriver‘slicensej

ustyet,‖hesays.(斯坦福大学的SevenBeiker认为，在极端情况下，无人驾驶汽车仍然需要人力投入。他还担心，如果人们不经常开车，他们可能会忘记如何开车。―我想我现在还不应该扔掉我的驾照，‖他说)可知，SevenBeiker对无人驾驶汽车的态度是谨慎的。故选B。7．

主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Butwouldyoufeelsaferwithnodriveratall?Maybenot,andit‘sforthisreasonthatautomotivefirmshaveincludeddriver

-assistfunctionsintheirprototype(原型)driverlesscars.(但是如果没有司机，你会觉得更安全吗？也许不是，正是因为这个原因，汽车公司在他们的无人驾驶汽车原型中加入了驾驶员辅助功能)根据第三段―Ifwearereallygoin

gtomakechangestoourcitiesandgetridofparkinglots,weneedself-drivecars,‖hesays.(如果我们真的要改变我们的城市，取消停车场，我们需要自动驾驶汽车）根据最后一段Somearenotconv

inced.（有些人不相信）可知，本文主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车，并提出一些看法。故选D。24.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）Ifyouhaveeverhadacat,orhavewatchedoneofthemanyfunnycatvideosonline,you‘llknowt

hatcatshaveamindoftheirown.Alotofthethingstheydoarehardtounderstand---theyliketoclimbuptallfurniture,fitthemselvesinsmallspaces

andattacksmallobjectsfornoreasonatall.Nowscientistshavemanagedtofigureoutwhatexactlyisgoingoninthebrai

nsofourlittlefriends.AccordingtoTonyBuffington,aprofessoratOhioStateUniversityintheUS,cats‘strangebehaviorlargelycomesfromthei

rwayoflifebackinthewild.―Catstodaystillhavemanyofthesameinstincts(本能)thatallowedthemtoliveinthewildformillionsofyears.‖hesaidinaTEDTalk.―Tothem

,ourhomesaretheirjungles.‖Inthewild,catsarehunters.Theirbodiesandgreatbalancingabilitiesallowthemtoclimbtohighspotstobetterlookatt

heenvironment.Eventhoughtheydon‘thavetohuntanymoreinhumanhouses,theystillkeeptheoldhabitofviewingthelivingroomfrom,forexample

,thetopoftherefrigerator.Cats‘huntinginstinctisalsowhatmakesthemattacksmallthingslikekeysandUSBdrives.Inthewild,

theyhuntwhatevertheycanget,andmostoftheanimalstheykillaresmall.However,catscanalsobeprey.Thisexplainswh

ytheyliketostayinsmallspaceslikedrawersorwashingmachines---theyarehiding,ortheythinktheyarehiding,frommoredangerousanimals.T

hisisalsowhycatspreferacleanbox:asmellyonecouldeasilyshowenemieswheretheyare.Knowinghowcats‘mindsworkisnotonlyusefulforbetterunderstandingth

em.Itmayalsohelpcats‘ownerstobettermeetcats‘needs.Forexample,ownerscouldtrytomakeclimbingeasierforcatsbymovingtheirfurniturearound.Theycouldals

ouse―foodpuzzles‖tomakeeatingfeelmorelikehuntinginsteadofjustgivingfoodtothecats.8．AccordingtoTonyBuffington,________.A．cats‘strangebehaviorisha

rdforpeopletounderstandB．catsaremoreusedtolivinginthewildthaninhumans‘homesC．catsbehavestrangelymainlybe

causeofsomeinstinctsinthewildD．cats‘instinctsareashelpfultothemtodayastheyweremillionsofyearago9．Whichofthefollowi

ngstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Catsliketoclimbuphighbecausetheywanttohidefromdangerousanimals.B．CatsattackkeysandUSBdrives

becausetheyhaveahabitofhuntingsmallanimals.C．Catsenjoystayinginsmallspacesbecausetheyusuallyliveinsmallcavesinthewild.D．Cats‘preferenceforacleanb

oxprobablyhassomethingtodowiththeirhuntinginstincts.10．Theunderlinedword―prey‖inParagraph5probablymeans_________.A．ananimalthatistoolazyB．a

nanimalthatlikeshidinggamesC．ananimalthatkeepsitselfcleanD．ananimalthatishunted11．Thisarticleismainl

ywrittento_________.A．explorethereasonsbehindcats‘strangebehaviorB．describecats‘pastwildexperiencetoreadersC．tell

catownershowtomakelifeeasierforcatsD．comparecats‘behaviorinhumanhomeswiththatinthewild【答案】8．C9．B10．D11．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，如果你曾经有

过一只猫，或者看过网上的猫咪搞笑视频，你会知道猫有自己的性格，他们的很多事情都难以理解——他们毫无理由地喜欢爬上高大的家具，在小空间和攻击小物体。本文以此展开谈论，主要探索了猫奇怪行为的原因。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中Acc

ordingtoTonyBuffington,aprofessoratOhioStateUniversityintheUS,cats‘strangebehaviorlargelycomesfromthe

irwayoflifebackinthewild.可知猫的行为很奇怪，主要是由于在野外的天性。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据第四段中Cats‘huntinginstinctisalsowhatmakesthemattacksmallthingslikekeysandUSBdrives

.Inthewild,theyhuntwhatevertheycanget,andmostoftheanimalstheykillaresmall.猫攻击键和USB驱动器，因为他们捕猎小动物的习惯。故选B。10．词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句Th

isexplainswhytheyliketostayinsmallspaceslikedrawersorwashingmachines---theyarehiding,ortheythinktheyarehiding,frommored

angerousanimals.可知猫也可能被抓住，成为一个被捕杀的动物，所以它要躲起来，远离更危险的动物。故prey意为"被捕食的动物"。故D项符合题意。11．主旨大意题。根据第一、二段中的Alotofthethingstheydoarehardtounderstand---they

liketoclimbuptallfurniture,fitthemselvesinsmallspacesandattacksmallobjectsfornoreasonatall.猫做的许多事情都很难理解。Nowscientistshavemanag

edtofigureoutwhatexactlyisgoingoninthebrainsofourlittlefriends.现在科学家已经设法弄明白我们这些小朋友的大脑到底在干什么？由此可知这篇文章是在探究猫奇

怪行为背后的原因。故选A。25.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）TeenagerswhochecksocialmediaforseveralhoursadayareattheriskofdevelopingADHD

(多动症),astudyhasconcluded.Theresearchteam,fromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,tracked2,600teenagersaged15and16.Theyaskedthemhowmanytimes

theycheckedtheirphonesandotherdigitaldevicesforvariousreasons,andthenmonitoredthemforsymptomsofADHD．Aftertwoye

ars,thosewhohadcheckedtheirphonesthemostoftenweretwiceaslikelyasthosewhocheckedtheleastoftentoshowsignsof

ADHD．WritingintheJAMAmedicaljournal,thescientistssaid,―Modernmediadevicesimmediatelyinformuserswhennewtextmess

ages,socialmediapostings,orvideogameplayinvitationsarrive.Exposuretosuchinformationmaydrawattentionawayfromimportanttasks.Frequentdistractioncou

ldinterruptthedevelopmentofconstantattentionandorganizationskills.‖Theybelieveconstantaccesstoinstantentertainme

ntalsohasanimpact.ResearcherProfessorAdamLeventhalsaidallpreviousresearchhadfocusedonthelinkbetweenADHDandtelevisions.―What‘snewistha

tpreviousstudiesonthistopicweredonemanyyearsago,whensocialmedia,mobilephones,tabletsandmobileappsdidn‘texist.

WecansaywithconfidencethatteenswhoareexposedtohigherlevelsofdigitalmediaaresignificantlymorelikelytodevelopADHDsymptomsin

thefuture,‖hesaid.Leventhalbelievesthefindingshelpfillagapinunderstandinghownewmobilemediadevicesandseemingly

limitlesscontentposeamentalhealthriskforchildren.Andthefindingsserveasawarning.Britishscientistswelcomedthefindings.ButProfesso

rAndyPrzybylskioftheOxfordInternetInstitutesaid,―Thestudyreliesonsurveyresponsesprovidedbythestudentsinquestion.It

isnotclearifteachersorparentswouldratethechildrensimilarlyoriftheself-reportedmeasureofdigitalscreenuseisrelatedwitheitheractualbehaviororhigherqual

itysurveyitems.‖12．Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A．Bymonitoring2,600teenagerswithADHD．B．Bytrackingthe

participantsfortwoyears.C．Byanalyzingdatafrompreviousresearchesonline.D．Bycontrollingdifferentteens‘timespentonsocialmedia.13．Whatdo

esLeventhalthinkoftheexposuretohigherlevelsofdigitalmedia?A．ItwillcausediverseADHDsymptoms.B．ItwillcreatehigherADHDrisks.C．Itwillweakenteen

agers‘confidence.D．Itwillhaveamajorinfluenceonorganizationskills.14．WhatdoesProfessorAndyPrzybylskithinkofthestudy?A．Itprovidesabetterunde

rstandingofthemedia.B．Itshouldhavefocusedonparents‘responses.C．Itsfindingsarenotreliableenough.D．It‘sabr

eakthroughinthisfield.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheuseofdigitalmediaisontheriseB．TeensareincreasinglyexposedtoADHDC．Heavy

useofsocialmediamayincreaseADHDrisksD．Teens‘exposuretomodernmediacallsmoreattention【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要叙述了一项研究表

明，每天花几个小时查看社交媒体的青少年有患多动症的风险这一发现展开。研究人员通过对参与者进行了为期两年的追踪得出了这一发现。科学家指出频繁的分心会阻碍持续的注意力和组织能力的发展。而两位教授AdamLeve

nthal和AndyPrzybylski就此发现表达了自己的看法。12．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Aftertwoyears,thosewhohadcheckedtheirphonesthemostoftenweretwiceaslikelyastho

sewhocheckedtheleastoftentoshowsignsofADHD.两年后，那些经常查看手机的人出现多动症症状的几率是那些不经常查看手机的人的两倍。由此可知，研究人员对参与者进行了为期两年的跟踪来进行这项研究的，

故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Wecansaywithconfidencethatteenswhoareexposedtohigherlevelsofdigitalmediaaresignificantlymorelikel

ytodevelopADHDsymptomsinthefuture可知Leventhal认为频繁接触数字媒体的青少年在未来更有可能出现ADHD症状。由此判断出频繁接触数字媒体会增加ADHD的风险。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Itisnotclearif

teachersorparentswouldratethechildrensimilarlyoriftheself-reportedmeasureofdigitalscreenuseisrelatedwitheitheractualbehaviororhighe

rqualitysurveyitems.可知AndyPrzybylski认为目前尚不清楚老师或家长是否会对孩子做出类似的评价等，由此判断出他认为这项研究的发现不够可靠。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段Teena

gerswhochecksocialmediaforseveralhoursadayareattheriskofdevelopingADHD(多动症),astudyhasconcluded.一项研究表明，每天花几个小时查看社交媒体的青少年有患多动症的风险。以及文章主要内容围绕一项研究表明，

每天花几个小时查看社交媒体的青少年有患多动症的风险这一发现展开。所以短文最佳标题为―过度使用社交媒体可能会增加患多动症的风险‖。故选C。26.（2020届四川省绵阳市高三第三次诊断性考试）Thesloganfort

heCulturalHeritageandSustainableDevelopmentFundis"InLoveWithChina"-andthisspecialmessagehasbcenshowninitsownlogo.Thel

ogousesthecharactersfor"wind"and"phoenix"(风凰）inancientoraclebonescript(甲骨文）onacircularChinesefan.MadamKangJiaqi,theex

ecutivedirectorofCHSDF,INLOVEWITHCHINAexplainsthemanylayersofmeaningbehindthelogo:―Thelogoadoptsthewri

tingstyleoforaclebonescript-datingbackover3,000years-carvedontoeitherturtleshelloroxbones.＂TheChinesecharacterfor*w

ind'andthecharacterfor"phoenix'arealmostthesame,withjustonestrokedifference.InChina'sancientpast,thecharacterfor＂phoenix'waswidelyconsideredtobring

peaceandhappinessandrepresentsgoodfortune.Thecharacter"wind'hasalonghistoryandisalsoknownasanamerepresen

tingcultureandspiritualpower."＂Boththecharacters"wind'and'phoenix'sharethesamecomponentintheircharacters,whichisals

ousedintheslogan'InLoveWithChina'.Thisextraordinarycombinationrepresentshowexpertsleadfashion,whichintumleadsculture-andthatculturei

sthebasisofcreativity.Therefore,itrepresentstheimportanceoftraditionalChinesecultureinglobalcreativity.

＂TakingtheChineseoraclebonecharacterof"wind'and'phoenix'asourlogorepresentsthebeginningofChinesecivi

lization,whichsuggeststhatitcanpassonChineseculturethroughthecooperationbetweentheCHSDFandthecooperativeplatf

ormofglobaldesigners,"explainsJiaqi.LogoartistSamChungsimilarlyexplainsherdesignprocess,"Thedecisionoftheoraclebone

scriptof'wind'comesfromtherootofthecharacteritself.Originatedfromthecharactershapeof'phoenix,''wind's'oraclebonescriptstillpresentswonder,

despiteitsmorecircularshape.Thethreetassels(流苏）attheendofthemoon-shapedfanfurthergiveafeelingoflightnesswhilehintingatbothEasternandWeste

rnflavors."8．Whatdoweknowaboutthelogo?A．It'scarvedonturtleshells.B．It'sdrawnoncircularChinesefans.C．It'sdesignedinanewwritingstyle.D．It'sacomb

inationoftwosimilarcharacters.9．Whyare'wind'and'phoenix'chosen?A．Theyareeasilywritten.B．Theysymbolizegoodfortune.C．TheyrepresentChineseculturalandspi

ritualpower.D．TheypromoteglobalcreativitybasedonChineseculture.10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．SamChungisth

eactualdesignerofthelogo.B．Theideaforthelogocomesfromabroad.C．Thedirectorhaslittlesayinthedecision.D．Tasselsaresymbol

ofwesternculture.11．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Chineseinfluenceontheworld.B．ThemakingofthelogoforCH

SDF.C．Chinesecultureandcivilization.D．Chinesecharacters'wind'and'phoenix'.【答案】8．D9．D10．A11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文

章展示了文化遗产和可持续发展基金的标语和标志，并介绍了其背后的设计理念。8．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句―TheChinesecharacterfor‗wind‘andthecharacterfor‗phoenix‘

arealmostthesame,withjustonestrokedifference.‖可知，标志上绘有―风‖和―凤‖两个汉字的甲骨文，而两个汉字本身也非常相似，这里的设计正是将它们做了一个结合。故选D项。9．细节理解题。根据第四段最后

一句―Thisextraordinarycombinationrepresentshowexpertsleadfashion,whichintumleadsculture-andthatcultureisthebasisofcreativity.Therefore

,itrepresentstheimportanceoftraditionalChinesecultureinglobalcreativity.‖可知，两个汉字的结合代表了中国传统文化在全球创意中的重要作用，这正是设计者选用它们的原因。故选D项。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句―Logo

artistSamChungsimilarlyexplainsherdesignprocess‖及整段内容来看，这里是设计师SamChung在解释她的设计过程，显然她才是真正的设计者。故选A项。11．主

旨大意题。全文都在围绕着文化遗产和可持续发展基金的标志展开，讲述其设计理念和表现意图，B选项―CHSDF标志的制作‖是最贴合主题的。故选B项。27.（2020届四川省遂宁市高三第二次诊断性考试）Inthe

lastfewyears,companieslikeoBikehavebegunfloodingstreetsinplaceslikeJapanandAustraliawithbikes.BusinessmanMikeThanTunWinreal

izedthesebikescoulddomuchgoodforschoolchildreninMyanmar,ofwhomsomewalkanhourormoreeverydaytoschool.Thenhecrea

tedLessWalkwhichbuysupthebikesfromothercountries.LessWalkmodifies（改装）bikestomakethemmoreusefulforstudents.Therentalbikesusedtorequireasmartphoneapp

tounlockthem.LessWalkchangedthisforalockwithakey.Theyalsoaddedasecondseatinthebackofthebikes,allowingtwochildrentoridetoschoolo

nonebike.Recentlythey‘rereplacingthebike‘sregulartireswithasolidtirethatcan‘tgoflat.Withallthechanges,ea

chbikepackedattractivelycostsLessWalkabout$35.―Despitethecost,thebenefitsitcandeveloparewellworthtrying,‖ThantoldTechCrunc

h.TheprojectboughtthousandsofrentalbikesfromfailedcompaniesandshippedthemtoMyanmar.Theprocesswasn‘taseasyasitsounds—the

rewaslotsofpaperworkconcernedinmovingthebikesfromonecountrytoanother.ButgivingoutthebikestakesalittlelongergiventhatLessWalkwantsto

makesurethatthebikesgo,forfree,tothestudentswhoneedthemthemostandMyanmarhasapopulationofover50millionpeopleandmoret

hanninemillionstudents.TheprojectisworkingwithMyanmar‘sgovernmentandschoolsystemstofocusonpoorstudentswalkinglo

ngdistancesadaytoschool.Thanhopestobringinasmanyas100,000bikesandexpandtheprogramtoothercountrieslikeLa

osandCambodia.Thanisalsohopefulthathecaninspire―globalfriends‖tofollowhimtoputtheabandonedbikestowork,insteadofcreatingyetmoreurbanwaste.4．Howma

nymodificationsdoesLessWalkdotothebikes?A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.5．Whydoesittakelongertodonatetherecycledbikes?A．Shipping

thebikesissodifficult.B．There‘retoomanypoorstudents.C．Thebikesneedpackingcarefully.D．Targetedbikedonationisneeded.6．Whichcanbestdescri

beThanTunWinastheleaderoftheproject?A．Ambitious.B．Encouraged.C．Well-experienced.D．Nature-loving.7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthete

xt?A．RemovalofUrbanRubbishB．RecycleofDonatedBikesC．BenefitsbeyondtheCostD．Students‘NewVehicles【答案】4．B5．D6．A7．

C【解析】本文属于说明文。缅甸商人迈克·丹丹·溫(MikeThanTunWin)创建了一个公益组织LessWalk，从其他国家购买废弃了的共享单车，通过组装，为每天步行很远去学校的学生提供免费自行车。4．细节理解题。根据第二段的LessWalkchangedthisforalockwitha

key.Theyalsoaddedasecondseatinthebackofthebikes,allowingtwochildrentoridetoschoolononebike.Recentlyth

ey‘rereplacingthebike‘sregulartireswithasolidtirethatcan‘tgoflat.可知LessWalk将以前的二维码换成钥匙锁；在自行车后面增加了一个座位；把自行车的普

通轮胎换成了一个实心轮胎。由此可知，LessWalk对自行车做了三个方面的改装。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三段的―ButgivingoutthebikestakesalittlelongergiventhatLessWalkwantstomakesurethattheb

ikesgoforfreetothestudentswhoneedthemthemost...‖可知，分发自行车需要更长的时间，是因为LessWalk想要确保自行车送到最需要它们的学生手中，也就是精准捐赠(targetedbikedonation)。

本题容易误选A和B。文章只谈到了从国外运回这些自行车很困难，不是发放是运输困难；文章谈到了缅甸有5000多万人口和900多万学生，但没有说有太多的贫困学生。故选D。6．推理判断题。文章最后一段谈到：Than希望买进多达10万辆自行车，并把这个项目扩展

到老挝和柬埔寨等其他国家。他也希望他能激励―全球朋友‖跟随他，把废弃的自行车投入使用，而不是制造更多的城市垃圾。从这些信息可推知，他是一个很有抱负的商人。故选A。7．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，全文谈到了Than看到大量的废弃共享单车，就创建LessWalk项目，买进大量的单车进行改装，免费发放给

每天步行很远去学校的学生。尽管花了钱，但他觉得值得。文中―Despitethecost,thebenefitsitcandeveloparewellworthtrying‖揭示了本文主题。因此C为最佳标题。故选C。28.（2020届四川省遂宁市高三第二次诊断性考试）Th

ere‘sawell-knownstoryintheworldofliterarytranslatorsaboutthetranslatorwhowasthrilledtoseehisworkappearatgreatlengthinanartic

leinapopularmagazine.Hehadtranslatedmanynovelsbyalittle-knownScandinaviannovelist,whohebelievedhadbeenignoredandnotreceivedtheattentionorp

raisethenovelistdeserved.Hehaddevotedmuchtimetotryingtogetthisnovelistsomerecognition.Thearticleagreedwithhisass

essmentofthenovelist‘sworksmentioninglongpassagesfromhistranslations.Butsomethingwasmissing.Thetranslatorsearchedinva

inforamentionofhisname.Itdidn‘tappearanywhere.Thetranslator‘sjoyatthecoverage（报道）oftheauthorhelikedwasconsider

ablyruinedbythis.Hefeltthathehimselfshouldhavehadsomerecognitioninthearticle.Itwasasifthetranslatordidnotexist,andalltheeffortshehadm

adehadneverhappened.Mostpeoplewouldagreethatitwaswrongofthemagazinenottomentionthetranslator.However,itisalsotruethatmostread

ersthemselvesoperateinexactlythesameway,andforthemitisalsoasifthetranslatordidn‘texist.Whenpeoplereadatranslation

ofanovel,theywanttofeeltheyarereadingwhatthenovelist,andnotsomeoneelse,wrote.Theydon‘twanttoberemindedthattheyarenotreading,andwould

notbeabletoread,theoriginalnovelcreatedbythenovelist,notwishingtoknowwhothetranslatorwasorpayanyatten

tiontowhattheyhavedone.Inthisglobalage,moreandmoreworksoffictionarebeingtranslatedintomoreandmorelanguages.Readersarenowabletoexperienceandunder

standotherculturesmorethaneverthroughthereadingoftranslatednovels.Sotheworksofmoreandmorenovelistscanreachpeopl

einotherpartsoftheworld.Thisappliesnotonlytonewnovelsbutalsotofreshtranslationsofoldclassics.8．Whatcanweknowaboutthetranslator

inParagraph1?A．Hisopinionwassharedbythemagazine.B．Thenovelist‘sworkswerehisfavourite.C．Heoftensentarticlestothemagaz

ine.D．Thenovelistgotfamouswithhishelp.9．Howdidthetranslatorfeelwhenhelookedcloselyatthearticleinthemagazine?A．Regretfu

l.B．Proud.C．Upset.D．Skeptical.10．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thecontributionsofnoveltranslators.B．Theg

eneralattitudetowardstranslators.C．Thereaders‘differenttastesinliterature.D．Theimportanceofreadingor

iginalworks.11．Whatdoestheauthorstresswhentalkingabouttheglobalage?A．Theshortageofablenoveltranslators.B．Thenumberofreadersoforiginalworks.C．T

hevalueofnovelsindifferentcountries.D．Thevarietyoffictionavailabletoreaders.【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了小说翻译人员的地位和作用

。8．细节理解题。根据第一段的There‘sawell-knownstoryintheworldofliterarytranslatorsaboutthetranslatorwhowasthrilledtoseehisworkappearatgreatlengthin

anarticleinapopularmagazine.和Thearticleagreedwithhisassessmentofthenovelist‘sworksmentioninglongpassagesfromhistranslations.可知，这

位翻译家很激动地看到自己的作品出现在一本著名杂志的一篇文章中。这篇文章通过引用译文中的长篇大论来同意他对这位小说家作品的评价，由此说明他的观点被杂志分享。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第二段的Thetranslatorsearche

dinvainforamentionofhisname.可知，这位翻译家在这篇文章中寻找他的名字时，却没找到。再根据这段信息―Thetranslator‘sjoyatthecoverage（报道）ofth

eauthorhelikedwasconsiderablyruinedbythis.‖可知，这位翻译家对他所喜欢的作者的报道所感到的喜悦，在很大程度上被这一情况破坏了。由此推知他应该感到很郁闷。故选C。10．主旨大意题。根

据第三段的However,itisalsotruethatmostreadersthemselvesoperateinexactlythesameway,andforthemitisalsoasifth

etranslatordidn‘texist.Whenpeoplereadatranslationofanovel,theywanttofeeltheyarereadingwhatthenovelist,andnotso

meoneelse,wrote...可知，对于读者来说，就好像译者不存在一样。当他们阅读一本小说的译文时，他们想要感觉到他们读的是小说家写的东西，而不是别人写的。他们不希望被提醒他们不是在阅读原著小说，不希望知道译者是谁

，也不关注译者所做的事情。由此可知本段主要在谈读者对译者的一般态度。故选B。。11．推理判断题。题干上提到globalage，因此本题答案应在最后一段来寻找。文章最后一段谈到：在这个全球化时代，越来越多的小说被翻译成越来越多的语言。读者现在比以往任

何时候都能通过阅读翻译小说来体验和了解其他文化。世界其他地方的人们能够接触到越来越多的小说家的作品。由此推知作者在谈到全球化时，强调了可供读者阅读的小说种类的多样性。故选D。