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专题01阅读理解之说明文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）GreatActivitiesforNatureLoversHikingOneoftheeasiestandmostaccessiblewaystogetclosetonatur

eisbysettingoutonagoodoldfashionedhike.Hikinggenerallydoesn'trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadven

ture.Thisactivitycanbeasrelaxingasyoumakeit.BackcountryCampingWhylimityourselftojustadayhikewhenyoucanhavea

fullweekendforalongeradventure?Backcountrycampinginvolvespackingyourtent，sleepinggear,food,andwateronyourbacktosetupcamp

inaremotelocation.Iyou‟reanexperiencedhikerandcamper,thisisanexcellentwaytotestyoursurvivalskillsandexplorethewi

lderness.MountainandRoadBikingUnlikelonghikesthroughthewoods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.Mountainbikingtypicallyinvo

lvesridingupanddownsteepslopes,betweentrees,andoverrocks.Ifthissoundstoointenseoryourtiresaren'tsuitedforruggedterrain(地形),consid

ertakingaroadbikeonpavedtrailsthroughforestpreservesoralongcountryroads.GardeningContrarytopopularbelief,youdo

n'thavetotravelbeyondyourownbackyardtoexperiencethebeautyofnatureeveryday.Ifyourpersonalityislessadventurousoryourmo

bilityrestricted,considerplantingagardentogrowyourownvegetables,fruit,herbs，orflowers.There'ssomethingtrulysatisfyingaboutmixingupasa

ladwithfreshingredientsyougrowyourself.Oneofthebestpartsaboutspendingtimeingardeningisthatitdoesn'thavetobreakyour

budgetandanyonecandoit.1．Whatdohikersneedforhiking?A．Practicalskills.B．Necessaryequipment.C．Ausefulmap.D．Arelaxedmood.2．What'sNOTtheadvant

ageofgardeningaccordingtothetext?A．Youdon'tneedtogofartoenjoythebeautyofnature.B．Itgivesyouasenseofsa

tisfactionwhencookingwithfreshingredients.C．Itdoesn'ttakeanyenergyormoneytodoit.D．I‟seasytostartitforanyonewholikesit.3．Whichofthefoll

owingcantakeyoutotravelfarthest?A．Hiking.B．BackcountryCamping.C．MountainandRoadBiking.D．Gardening.【答案】1．C2．C3．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种亲近大自然的户外活动。1

．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hikinggenerallydoesn'trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadventure.”可知，徒步旅行通常不需要任何花哨的装备或特殊

的技能，只需要一张地图和对冒险的渴望。徒步者们需要一张有用的地图，故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Oneofthebestpartsaboutspendingtimeingardeningisthatitdoesn'thavetobrea

kyourbudgetandanyonecandoit.”可知，种花园最大的好处是不需要打破预算，每个人都可以做到，并不是不花费时间C.Itdoesn'ttakeanyenergyormoneytodoit.不需要花费任何精力和金钱，表述与原文不符，故选C

。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlikelonghikesthroughthewoods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.”可知，骑自行车可以是你在大自然中旅行地更远，故选C。2.（2020届安徽

省名校高考模拟）Weknowthatreadingisgoodforchildren.Now,anewstudysuggeststhatjustbeingaroundbookshasitsbenefi

ts.AteamofresearchersinAustraliafindsthatgrowingupwithalargelibraryathomeimprovesliteracy(读写能力),number-sense,andeventechnologi

calskillsinlaterlife.ItappearedinthejournalSocialScienceResearch.Theresearcherswereexploringtheadvantages

ofscholarlyculture.Theywereinterestedinacuriousobservationthatsomecallthe“radiationeffect".“Radiationeffectisasituationwherechild

rengrowuparoundbooks,buttheydon'treadbooks.Butsomehowbooksbenefitthem,eventhoughtheydon'treadthemasmuchastheirparentswisht

hemto,”saidJoannaSikora,asociologistinAustralia.Joannaandhercolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedbetween2011and2015bytheOrga

nizationforEconomicDevelopment.Thesurveyassessedtheliteracy，numeracy(计算能力),andtechnologicalcompetencyofmoreth

an160,000adultsfrom31countries.Anditincludedaquestionabouthowmanybooksparticipantshadintheirhomesduringadolescence.“Whatwewereabletomakec

learwasthatpeoplegrowinguparoundbookshadbetterliteracy,numeracyanddigitalproblem-solvingskillsthanpeoplewhohadfewerbooksgrowingupbuthadsi

milareducationlevels,similarjobs，andevensimilaradulthabitsintermsofreadingorworkingatvariousnumeracy-improvingactivities,"shesaid.Infact,t

eenswhoonlymadeitthroughhighschoolbutwereraisedinabookishenvironmentdidaswellinadulthoodascollegegraduateswhogrewupinah

ousewithoutbooks.Now,howmightmereexposureleadtointellectualimprovement?“Ifwegrowupinahouse,inahomewhereparentsenjoybooks,

wherebooksaregivenasbirthdaypresentsandvalued,thisissomethingthatbecomesapartofouridentityandgivesusthislifelongurgetoalwayscomeclosetobooksandr

eadmorethanwewould.”Sokeepshelvespiledwithbooks.Yourkidswillnotonlybegrateful,they'llbemorelikelytobeabletospell“grateful"co

rrectlyaswell.12．What's“radiationeffect"accordingtothetext?A．Theterribleeffectofradiationonthepersonsandthings.B．Thegoodinfluenceofthebookish

environmentonadolescents.C．Thebeneficialeffectofreadingbooksonadolescents.D．Thebadeffectoftheenvironmentwithoutbooksonadolescents.13．Howdoestheexpos

uretobooksimproveintellect?A．Booksbringasenseofidentityandeagernesstoreadmore.B．Bookshelptoprovideachancetocomecl

osetosociety,C．Booksarealwaysgiventoadolescentsasvaluablepresents.D．Bookswilloffertheteensanurgetomakegreatachievements.14

．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsbookishenvironment?A．Opposed.B．Neutral.C．Indifferent.D．Supportive.15．What'sthebesttitleforthetex

t?A．ReadingMoreHelpsImproveChildren'sAbilitiesB．ReadingatHomeBringsChildrenManyAdvantagesC．GrowingUpAroundBooksBen

efitsChildrenaLotD．CreatingaBookishEnvironmentforChildrenIsofMuchImportance【答案】12．B13．A14．D15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了书香环境对于

孩子成长的好处。12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Radiationeffectisasituationwherechildrengrowuparoundbooks,buttheydon'treadboo

ks.Butsomehowbooksbenefitthem,eventhoughtheydon'treadthemasmuchastheirparentswishthemto”可知，辐射效应在本文中指在书香环境中长大的孩子

，虽然他们没有像父母期待的那样读那么多的书，但他们仍然从书中受益良多。由此推断出，书香环境对青少年的良好影响，故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ifwegrowupinahouse,inahomewhereparentsenjoybooks,wherebooks

aregivenasbirthdaypresentsandvalued,thisissomethingthatbecomesapartofouridentityandgivesusthislifelongurgetoalwayscomeclosetobooksandreadmoreth

anwewould.”可知，如果我们生长在父母热爱书、珍惜书的家庭中，这将成为我们认知中的一部分，让我们终身都有接近书，多读书的渴望。故选A。14．观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Sokeepshelvespiledwithbooks..”所以

书柜里装满书吧。由此可知，作者对于书香环境是支持的，故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据全文的大意，尤其是第一段中“Weknowthatreadingisgoodforchildren.Now,anewstudysuggeststhatjustbeingaroundbookshasitsbenefits

.”可知，本文主要讲述了书香环境对孩子成长的好处。故选C。3.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach‟sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-b

ookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel‟s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she‟snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofm

ealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves

.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeo

ut.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkersso

metimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappi

ngherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny

,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe‟sonafirst

-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday‟sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”h

esaid.“It‟sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoe

atalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyattheta

ble.“Itdoesn‟tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovi

dedthestatisticsforthereport.4．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Foodvariety.B．Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners.D．Restaurantservice.5．WhydoesBecht

elprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectda

taforherreport.6．WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He‟sfondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinter

viewscustomersatthebar.D．He‟sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．The

importanceofself-reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.【答案】4．B5．C6．D7．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。据一份报告显示，越来越多

的美国人喜欢独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。4．推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享

用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三段Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself.可知，Bechtel一

个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。6．推理判断题。根据第四段helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe‟sonafirst-namebasisifhe

wantstohavealittleinteraction.可知，Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里安静查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以

直呼对方名字，故选D。7．主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势，并总结了人们选择独自用餐的原因，故选A。4.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Thinkplantsarejustboringgreenthingsthatyouuseforfo

odanddecoration?Thinkagain!Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou‟reprobablytotallyunawareof.Researchershavediscoveredthatplantshavetheab

ilitytocommunicatewithanundergroundnetworkmadeupoffungus(真菌),whichservestheplantsinmanyways.Tomatoplantsusethefunguswebtowarn

eachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions.Treesconnectedthroughthefungusnetworkcouldmovenutrients(养分)toandfromeacho

ther.Itisbelievedthatlargertreesmovenutrientstosmalleronestohelpthemtosurvive.Notonlythat,buttheycanalsodamageunwelcomeplantsb

yspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungus.ItsoundsliketheplantworldhadtheInternetbeforewedid.Someplantshavearatherimp

ressivelineofdefenseagainstbeingeaten.Whensensingtheyarebeingswallowed,theygiveoffachemicalintotheairthatattrac

tstheinsect‟snaturalenemy.Theenemyattacksthebug,thussavingtheplants.Thisisbasicallytheplantkingdomversionofgettingyourolderbrothertobeatupthatkidwhos

tealsyourlunchmoney.Youmightbeawarethathumansandanimalshaveaninternalclock.Butdidyouknowthatplantsalsohavethisclock?Thismeanstheycanprepareforcertain

timesofdayjustlikewedo.Isitbecausetheycanreacttolightatsunrise?Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregul

atethegenesresponsiblefortheplant‟sowninternalclock.So,inasense,―wakeupwithpetunias(矮牵牛)isjustasvalidas―wakeupwiththechickens.Natureisfullofsurprises

.Soforthoseofyouwhodidn‟tknowthewondersofplants,nowyoudo.8．Howmanywaysdoesthenetworkoffungusservetheplants?A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.D

．Five.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords―“yourolderbrother”inParagraph4referto?A．Thechemicalgivenoffbyplants.B．T

heinsect‟snaturalenemy.C．Thebugattackedbytheenemy.D．Theplanttobeeatenbytheinsect.10．Whathelpstheplantkeeptime?A．Thesugarsproducedbyitself.B．Itso

wngenes.C．Thetimeofsunrise.D．Itsresponsetolight.11．Whatistheauthor‟spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhisloveofdifferentplants.B．Tosharehisstudyo

nsomeawesomeplants.C．Tointroducetheunknownabilitiesofplants.D．Tomakepeopleawareofplantprotection.【答案】8．B9．B10．A11．C【解析】本文

是一篇说明文，介绍了植物有很多人类没有发现的本领，包括：拥有一个通过真菌为媒介的地下“网络”来互通消息、能够自己想办法防御昆虫袭击和拥有植物生物钟。8．推理判断题。根据第二段中的Tomatoplantsusethefunguswebtowarneachotherofthe

irownunhealthyconditions.Treesconnectedthroughthefungusnetworkcouldmovenutrients(养分)toandfromeachother.Itisbelievedthatlargertreesmovenutrientstos

malleronestohelpthemtosurvive.及第三段中的Notonlythat,buttheycanalsodamageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungus.可知，真菌网状可以帮助

西红柿发出自身处于不健康状况的警告信息(usethefunguswebtowarneachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions)、传送营养物质(movenutrientstoand

fromeachother)、通过传播有害化学物质破坏不良植物(damageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungus)，因此真菌网状一共有三种方式为植物服务，故B项正确。9．词义猜测题。第四段讲述了

植物有一种使人印象深刻的防止被吃的方式：当感觉到要被吃掉时，它们会释放一种化学物质到空气中，吸引昆虫的天敌，天敌进而攻击昆虫，间接救了植物。这种现象就好像植物界的大哥代替你教训偷你午餐费的小孩一样。这句话把plants

比喻成“你”，kid比喻成theinsect，因而yourolderbrother就是theinsect‟snaturalenemy，故B项正确。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproduce

tokeeptime,whichhelptoregulatethegenesresponsiblefortheplant‟sowninternalclock.可知，植物可以利用自身产生的糖分来区分时间，这些糖分有助于调节作用于植物自身

生物钟的基因，故A项正确。11．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou‟reprobablytotallyunawareof.可知

，作者指出植物有很多人类没有发现的本领，后文逐步展开、进行详细介绍，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍植物不为人知的能力，故C项正确。5.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Theideathatcomputersha

vesomeamountof“intelligence”isnotnew,saysRalphHaupter,thepresidentofMicrosoftAsia,pointingasfarbackas1950whencomputerpioneerAlan

Turingaskedwhethermachinescanthink.“Soithastakennearly70yearsfortherightcombinationoffactorstocometo

gethertomoveAIfromconcepttoreality,”saysHaupter.Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryofthecomin

ggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you‟llfindAIwillbegintotouchyourlifeinmanywaysacco

rdingtosomeresearchers.“PersonalassistantAIswillkeepgettingsmarter.Asourpersonalassistantslearnmoreaboutourdaily

routines,IcanimaginethedayIneednottoworryaboutpreparingdinner.MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhe

nIgetbackfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor.”---AlecjandroTrocc

oli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA．“ThankstoAI,thefacewillbethenewcreditcard,thenewdriver‟slicenseandthenewbarcode(条形码).Facialr

ecognitionisalreadycompletelytransformingsecuritywithbiometriccapabilitiesbeingadopted,andseeinghowtechnologyand

businessareconnected,likeAmazoniswithWholeFoods,Icanseeanearfuturewherepeoplewillnolongerneedtostandinlineatthestore.”---Geo

rgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,aglobalresearchlaboratory.“2019willbetheyearAIbecomesrealformedicine.Bytheendoftheyearwe‟reseeingsolution

sforpopulationhealth,hospitaloperationsandabroadsetofclinicalspecialtiesquicklyfollowbehind.”---MarkMichalski,executivedirecto

r,MassachusettsGeneralHospital.12．WhatcanweknowaboutAIfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Peopledidn'texpectAItodevelopsorapidly.B．TheideaofAIjustcam

euprecently.C．TheconceptofAIwasputforwardbyRalphHaupter.D．Ittookmorethan70yearstoturntheconceptintoreality.13．WhoseesthefutureofAIdoin

ghouseworkinsteadofhumanbeing?A．AlanTuring.B．GeorgesNahon.C．MarkMichalski.D．AlejandroTroccoli.14．WhatisGeorgesNahon‟sjob?A．Executivedirectoro

fahospital.B．Presidentofaresearchlaboratory.C．Chairmanofanenergycorporation.D．Chiefoperatingofficerofanewspaper.15．Howisthepassagedevel

oped?A．Byexplainingcauseandeffect.B．Bypresentingresearchresults.C．Bylistingsomepredictions.D．Bydescribingpersonalexpe

riences.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过AlecjandroTroccoli，GeorgesNahon以及MarkMichalski对人工智能未来将应用于的领域进行预测和说明。12．细节理解题。

根据第二段Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryofthecominggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,but

as2019getsunderway,you‟llfindAIwillbegintotouchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.（据预测，人工智能的发展将成为未来几代人的故事，而不仅仅是未来的一年，但随着2019年的到来，你会发现人

工智能将开始在许多方面影响你的生活。）可知从前两段我们可以了解到人们没想到人工智能会发展得这么快。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakes

surethatwhenIgetbackfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbe

enlongingfor.”---AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA.（我的人工智能知道我喜欢吃什么，一周中的哪几天我喜欢在家做饭，并确保当我下班回家时，所有的杂货都在门口等着我，为我准备好我一直渴望的美味佳肴。

——AlecjandroTroccoli，NVIDIA的高级研究科学家。）可知AlecjandroTroccoli能预见人工智能代替人类做家务的未来。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中GeorgesNahon,preside

nt,OrangeInstitute,aglobalresearchlaboratory.（GeorgesNahon，全球研究实验室奥兰治研究所主任。）可知GeorgesNahon的工作是研究实验室的

主任。故选B。15．推理判断题。结合文章第三、四和五段分别为AlecjandroTroccoli预测人工智能代替人类做家务的未来；GeorgesNahon预测人脸识别将和商业结合在一起以及MarkMichalski对人工智能应用于医学的预测，可知这篇文章是通过列举一些预测进行论

述展开的。故选C。6.（2020届广西桂林调研）Eachyear,halfamillionpeoplediefrombrainaneurysms（动脉瘤）—whenabloodvessel（血管）burstsinthebrain.Ananeurysmisabulge（膨胀）inablood

vesselthatcanburst.Ifthathappensinthebrain,itcanbedeadly.Forsurvivors,physicaldisabilitiesareoftensevere.Theymayincludememoryproblems,lossofbalan

ce,troublespeakingandevenblindness.Butnewtechnologiesareincreasingsurvivalratesandreducingdisabilities.BeaumontBaconisasurvivorwhomakeslightofhe

rexperiencebecausesheisacomedian（喜剧演员）.Sheuseshumortomakeotherslaugh.Nowshe‟sworkingonanewshow.MichaelAlexanderisherdo

ctor.HeoperatedonBeaumontBaconafterherattack.“Shehadbleedinginthefrontalareaofherbrain,sorightabovetheeyes.Thepartthatwasinthebrainwa

saboutmaybethesizeofanegg.So,that‟safairlylargebleed.”Ms.BaconhadabetterchanceatsurvivalthanmostpeoplebecauseofDr.Alexander

.HedirectstheNeurovascularCenterinLosAngeles.Thecenteroffersnewtechnologiesthatincludeplacingacatheter（导管）intoananeurysm,thenthreadingw

irestopromotebloodclots（血栓）.Thistechniquereducesthechancesofanotherburstbloodvessel.“Youdon‟thavetoopenuptheskull（头盖骨）oropenupthebrainto

dosurgery.It‟salldonefrominsidethebloodvessels.Soitreducestheamountofbloodloss,andtherecoveryismuchfaster.

”ForBeaumontBacon‟srecovery,thehospitalworkedtopreventproblemscommonlyfoundinpatientswithaburstaneurysm.Theproblemsincludebrainswellingthatcanshutd

ownbloodvessels.Shespentamonthinacoma（昏迷）—unabletocommunicatewithdoctors,friendsandlovedones.Butwithayearoftr

eatment,sherecovered.Now,sheismakingpeoplelaugh.12．Whatdoyouknowaboutaneurysms?A．Notechnologiescantreatthemnowadays.B．Theymayca

useseveredisabilities.C．Fewpeoplediefromthemeveryyear.D．Theyaredeadlywherevertheyhappen.13．Thenewtechnologyhasthefollo

wingbenefitsEXCEPTthat________.A．itismuchfasterforthepatienttorecoverB．itbringsnoproblemsaftertheoperationC．itreducest

heamountofbloodlossD．itdoesn‟tneedtoopenupthebraintooperate14．ItcanbeknownfromthepassagethatBeaumontBacon________.A．wasalwaysinanunconsciousstat

eaftertheoperationB．recoveredsoonafterthetreatmentC．returnedtoworkafterthetreatmentD．wasthefirsttotrythenewtechnology15．Theauthorshowstheeffectofthe

technologyby________.A．providinganexampleB．makingcomparisonsC．offeringdataD．givingexplanations【答案】12．B1

3．B14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对动脉瘤的医学新技术正在帮助人们提高存活率和减少残疾。文中通过喜剧演员BeaumontBacon的亲身事例介绍了这项新技术在动脉瘤上的治疗效果。12．细节理解题。第一段最后一句

提到“Butnewtechnologiesareincreasingsurvivalratesandreducingdisabilities.”新的技术正在提高存活率和减少残疾后遗症，故A项错误。第一句提到“Eachyear,halfamil

lionpeoplediefrombrainaneurysms”每一年都有50万人死于脑动脉瘤，故C、D项错误。第一段第4句提到“Forsurvivors,physicaldisabilitiesareoftensevere.”对于幸存者而言，可能会导致很严重

的身体残疾。由此可判断动脉瘤的后遗症是造成残疾。故选B。13．细节理解题。第三段第四句提到“Thistechniquereducesthechancesofanotherburstbloodvessel.“Yo

udon‟thavetoopenuptheskull（头盖骨）oropenupthebraintodosurgery.It‟salldonefrominsidethebloodvessels.Soitreducestheamountofb

loodloss,andtherecoveryismuchfaster.””这项技术降低了血管破裂的可能性，也不需要打开头盖骨做手术，同时也减少了失血量，恢复的速度也非常的快。故选B。14．推理判断题。最

后一段最后一句提到“Butwithayearoftreatment,sherecovered.Now,sheismakingpeoplelaugh.”经过一年的治疗后，Bacon康复了，又重新逗人发笑了，即Bacon重新展开了自己喜剧演员的工作。故选C。15．推理判断题。分析

文章内容及结构可知，这是一篇说明文，文章第一段提到动脉瘤的后遗症以及现在新技术在动脉瘤中的运用。后文中则以喜剧演员Bacon为例介绍了这项新技术的操作方式、优势及术后恢复等情况，由此判断，本文采用了举例子的手法。故选A。7.（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）We‟veknow

nthatsittingforlongperiodsoftimeeverydayhascountlesshealthconsequences,likeahigherriskofheartdisease.Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobad

foryourbrain.Astudypublishedlastweek,conductedbyDr.PrabhaSiddarthattheUniversityofCalifornia,showedthatsedentary（

久坐的）behaviorisassociatedwithreducedthicknessofthemedialtemporallobe（中颞叶）,abrainareathatiscriticaltolearningandmemory.Theresearchersaskedagro

upof35healthypeople,ages45to70,abouttheiractivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhourseachdayspentsittingandthenscannedtheirbr

ains.Theyfoundthatthesubjectswhoreportedsittingforlongerperiodshadthethinnestmedialtemporallobes.Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinach

airtheworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignifica

ntassociationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexer

cise,maynotbeenoughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon‟tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecog

nition（认知）;juststandingwilldothetrick.Forexample,twogroupsofsubjectswereaskedtocompleteatestwhileeithersittingorstanding.Participant

sarepresentedwithconflictingstimuli（刺激）,liketheword“green”inblueink,andaskedtonamethecolor.Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbea

tthosewhosatbya3-milicondmargin.Thecognitiveeffectsofseverephysicalexercisearewellknown.Butthepossibi

litythatstandingmoreandsittinglessimprovesbrainhealthcouldlowerthebarforeveryone.Iknow,thisallrunscountertoreceivedideasaboutd

eepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin‟sfamous“Thinker,”seatedwithchinonhand.Theywerewrong.Youcanno

wallstandup.8．WhatcanweinferfromParagraphs3and4?A．Severeexercisecanlessenthedamageofsitting.B．Severeexercisecangre

atlyimproveourbrainhealth.C．Sedentarybehaviorwillpossiblydamageourbrain.D．Brainhealthhasnothingtodowithsedentarybehavi

or.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“margin”inParagraph5mean?A．blank.B．edge.C．decrease.D．difference.10．Whatisthereceivedideaaboutdeepthought?A．S

ittingmoreisgoodforourmentalhealth.B．Sittingisbetterwhenwethink.C．Exercisemorecanimproveourcognition.D．Weshouldstandwhilethi

nking.11．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．peopletendtositwhilethinkingB．standingmorecanmakeourbrainhealthier

C．physicalexercisecanimproveourbrainhealthD．sedentarybehaviorleadstocountlesshealthproblems【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．B【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的这一现象。8．推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairtheworseitisfor

yourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。）和第四段中

的“Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignificantassociationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrai

narea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbeenoughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.”（有趣的是，这项研究没有发现身体活动水平和大脑区域厚

度之间有显著的关联，这表明运动，甚至是剧烈运动，可能不足以保护你免受坐姿的有害影响。），可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们的大脑。故选C项。9．词义猜测题。由第五段最后一句“Subjectsthinkingontheir

feetbeatthosewhosatbya32-millisecondmargin.”（站着思考的受试者会以32毫秒的差异击败坐着的受试者。），可知margin在此处意为“差异”。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Iknow,thisallrun

scountertoreceivedideasaboutdeepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin‟sfamous“Think

er,”seatedwithchinonhand.”（我知道，这一切都与我们从小学老师那里得到的关于深思熟虑的想法背道而驰，他们让我们坐下集中注意力，还有罗丹著名的“思想者”，手托下巴坐着。），可知我们以前接受的关于深思熟虑的想法是坐着思考更好。故选B项。11．主

旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.”（但现在一项新的研究发现，坐着对大脑也有害。），第三段最后一句“Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachair

theworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。），第五段中的“Itt

hensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon‟tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecognition;juststandingwilldothetrick.”（结果令人惊讶的是，你

甚至不需要移动太多来增强认知能力；仅仅站着就可以了。）和最后一段“Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.”（他们错了。你们现在都可以站起来了。）可知，文章主要介绍了多站立能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的

现象。故选B项。8.（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）Ifyou‟vespentanyamountoftimeboating,fishing,orbird-watchingatlakesandrivers,youhavemo

stlikelyseenfishesjumpingoutofthewater.Ihaveseenitmanytimes.Certainly,fisheswillexitwaterindesperateattemptstoescapeenemies

.Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebehavior,formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.Butjustaswemayrunfas

tfromfunorfromfear,differentemotionsmightmotivatefishestojump.Mobularays（蝸鲼）aren‟tmotivatedbyfearwhentheythrowtheirimpr

essivebodies—uptoaseventeen-footwingspan(thedistancefromtheendofonewingtotheendoftheother)andatoninweight—

skywardinleap（跳跃）ofuptotenfeet.Theydoitinschools（鱼群）ofhundreds.Theyusuallylandontheirbellies,butsometimestheylandontheirbacks.Some

scientiststhinkitmightbeawayofremovingparasites（寄生虫）.ButIthinkthattheraysareenjoyingthemselves.Inthec

learwatersofFlorida‟sChassahowitzkaNationalWildlifeRefuge,Iwatchedseveralschoolsoffiftyormoremullets（鲻鱼）movinginbeautiful

formation.Theirwell-builtbodiesweremostevidentwhentheyleapedfromthewater.MostofthetimeIsawoneortwoleapsbyafish,butonemadeaseriesof

seven.Theyusuallylandontheirsides.Eachjumpwasaboutafootclearofthewaterandtwotothreefeetinlength.Nobodyknowsforsurew

hythefishleaps.Oneideaisthattheydoittotakeinoxygen.Theideaissupportedbythefactthatmulletsleapmorewhe

nthewaterislowerinoxygen,butischallengedbythelikelihoodthatjumpingcostsmoreenergythanisgainedbybreathingair.Itishardtoimaginetheywillfeela

nyfresherwhenbackinwater.Mightthesefishesalsobeleapingforfun?Thereissomenewevidence.GordonM.Burghardtrecentlypub

lishedaccountsofadozentypesoffishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloatingobjects—sticks,plants,sunn

ingturtle—fornoclearreasonotherthanentertainment.12．WhatcanwesayaboutthedolphinsinParagraph1?A．Theyhavegreatescapingskills.B．Theyareeasil

yfrightened.C．Theyareveryclever.D．Theylovejumping.13．Whatdotherayandthemullethaveincommonwhenjumping?A

．Bothdoitingroups.B．Bothlandontheirbellies.C．Bothjumpmanyfeetoutofwater.D．Bothmakeleapsoneaftertheother.14．Howdoestheauthorfeel

abouttheideamentionedinParagraph4?A．Itisvaluable.B．Itisinteresting.C．Itisimaginative.D．Itisquestionab

le.15．Whichmaybethereasonforfishleapsaccordingtotheauthor?A．Toremoveparasites.B．Toamusethemselves.C．Totakeinmoreoxygen.D．Toexpresspositiveemotions

.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鱼为何要跃出水面，一些人认为是因为情绪的激发和要去除寄生虫，但作者认为它们可能是为了享受快乐。12．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebeh

avior,formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.”（海豚利用这种行为，围成一个圈，在半空中抓住受惊的鱼。）可知，海豚能够巧妙地吃掉跃出水面

的鱼，说明它们很聪明。故选C项。13．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Theydoitinschools（鱼群）ofhundreds.”（蝸鲼成群跳跃。）和第三段中的“Iwatchedseveralschoolsoffiftyormorem

ullets（鲻鱼）movinginbeautifulformation.”（我看到几个由50只或更多的鲻鱼组成的鱼群以美丽的队形移动。）可知，蝠鲼和鲻鱼都是成群地跳跃。故选A项。14．推理判断题。由第四段中的“Itishardtoimaginetheywillfeelanyfres

herwhenbackinwater.”（很难想象当它们回到水里时会感觉更新鲜。）可知，作者认为第四段提到的猜想是值得怀疑的。故选D项。15．推理判断题。由第二段中的“ButIthinkthattheraysareenjoyingthemselves.”（但我觉得它们很享受光

线。）和最后一段中的“GordonM.Burghardtrecentlypublishedaccountsofadozentypesoffishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloatingobjects—sticks,plants,sunningturt

le—fornoclearreasonotherthanentertainment.”（GordonM.Burghardt最近发表了一系列关于十几种鱼类反复跳跃的报道，有时是在漂浮的物体上，树枝，植物，晒海龟，除了娱乐之外，没有其他明确的原因。）可知，作者认为鱼

跃出水面可能是为了享受快乐。故选B项。9.（2020届河南省焦作市高三三模）What‟sthedealwithnewwords?Wheredotheycomefromandhowdotheygofromunknowntoofficial?Fi

rst,newwordshavetocirculateinculturetomakeitintothedictionary.Theyhavetobeusedandunderstood.Wordshaveam

uchbetterchanceofgettingaddedtothedictionaryifyouseetheminprintorheartheminconversation.It‟sactuallyaful

l-timejobtosearchpopularcommunicationtofigureoutwhatnewwordsaresurfacinginourvernacular（方言）.Lexicographersgettodecidewhichwordsma

keitintothedictionary,andtheydosobyreadingwidelyacrossindustriesanddisciplines.However,theyalsomakedecisionsaboutw

hichidiomsmakeitin.Dictionariescansometimesgetover1,000newwordsperyear.In2019theMerriam-Websteraddedover600inAprilandanother

500+inSeptember.Afterlexicographersdecidewhichwordswillbeincluded,theywriteanewdefinition.Someexistingwordsalsogainadditionalmea

nings,andthereareusuallythousandsofrevisions.Thedictionaryisaconstantlychangingwork-in-progress,justlikethelanguageitdescribesanddefines.For

instance,theword“peak”recentlywentfrombeingjustasharp,pointedendtoalsobeingsomethingattheheightofpopularity

.Occasionallyfakewordsactuallyendupinthedictionarybymistake.Ifyouhaveawordthatyouthinkshouldbeinthedictionary,you‟rewelcometogetintouch

withthelexicographersandsuggestit.However,thewordneedstobefairlypopular.Ithastohave“widespread,frequent,mean

ingfulusage”.Forinstance,OMGwasaddedtothedictionaryin2009afterlexicographershadobserveditingeneralusefo

rabout15years.Newwordsspringfromnewtechnologiesanddisciplines,butthey‟reveryofteninventedbyauthorsandwriterswholovelanguageandplaywithitt

ocreatenewmeanings.OneofthegreatestcreatorswasWilliamShakespearewhocreatedover1,700newwordsoftenbyadaptingusageandusingnewcompounds.He‟sresp

onsibleforwordslikeeyeball,excitement,fashionable,andlonely.“Hard-boiled”wasinventedbyMarkTwain.8．Whatkindofnewwordscanbeincludedindiction

aries?A．Wordswhichhavebeenwidelyusedforlong.B．Wordswhichwerecreatedbyfamouswriters.C．Wordswhichhavebeenspokenbysomelocals.D．Wor

dswhichfrequentlyappearinaprivateconversation.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Lexicographers”inthefirstparagra

phprobablymean?A．Newwordcreators.B．Writersofadictionary.C．Specialistsinlanguages.D．Historiansonancientcu

ltures.10．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofadictionary?A．Quiteambiguous.B．Error-free.C．Extremelyrigid.D．Gradually

developing.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtheDictionaryIsRevisedB．HowNewWordsSpreadinCultureC．HowWordsGetAddedtotheDictionaryD．HowNewWordsA

reInventedbyFamousAuthors【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述新词是如何被收录入词典成为官方语言的。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“First,newwordshavetocirculateincu

lturetomakeitintothedictionary.Theyhavetobeusedandunderstood.Wordshaveamuchbetterchanceofgettingaddedtothedictionaryifyo

useetheminprintorheartheminconversation.(首先，新词必须在文化中流传，才能被收入词典。它们必须被使用和理解。如果你在出版物中看到或在对话中听到这些词，它们被收入词典的机会要大得多。)”可知，新词必须

得到了广泛使用才被收录到字典里。故选A项。9．词义猜测题。根据划线单词之后的动作内容“decidewhichwordsmakeitintothedictionary,andtheydosobyreadingwidelyacrossindustriesanddisciplines.”可知，L

exicographers决定了那些词被收录入词典，因此他们应是词典编撰者。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Thedictionaryisaconstantlychangingwork-in-progress,justliket

helanguageitdescribesanddefines.(字典就像它所描述和定义的语言一样，是一个不断变化的半成品)”可知，在作者看来，词典时在不断变化的。故选D项。11．主旨大意题。根据文章结构为总分结构

，首段提出了本文的中心话题。作者用设问的方式提出了话题“What‟sthedealwithnewwords?Wheredotheycomefromandhowdotheygofromunknowntoofficial?First

,newwordshavetocirculateinculturetomakeitintothedictionary.(新词是怎么回事?他们从何而来，又如何从默默无闻走向官方?首先，新词必须在文化中流传，才能被收入词典。)”可知，本文主要讲述新词是如何被收录入

词典成为官方语言的。选项C.HowWordsGetAddedtotheDictionary概括了文章主题，可作最佳标题。故选C项。10.（2020届河南省六市第一次模拟）We‟veknownforyearsthatplantscan

see,hear,smellandcommunicatewithchemicals.Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhenstressed

.Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foundthattomatoandtobaccoplantscanmakeultrason

ic(超声的)noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirstems(茎)arecut.It‟sjusttoohigh-pitched(音调高的)forhumanstohear.Microphonesplaced10centimet

ersawayfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz(千赫兹).Humanhearingusuallyrangesfrom20hertzto20kilohertz.“Thesefind

ingscanalterthewaywethinkabouttheplantkingdom,”theywrote.Onaverage,“thirsty”tomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobac

coplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplant

sproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Perhapsmostinterestingly,differenttypesofstressledtodifferentsounds.Theresearcherstrainedamachine

-learningmodeltoseparatetheplants‟soundsfromthoseofthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse.Inmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhethert

hestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakel

oudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.AlthoughKhaitandhiscolleaguesonlylookedattomatoandtobaccoplants,theythinkotherp

lantsalsomakesoundswhenstressed.Iffarmerscouldhearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgivewatertotheplan

tsthatneeditmost.Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswouldbeimportantinformationforfarmers.“Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecould

beusedinprecisionagriculture(精准农业),”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Khait‟sreportalsosuggestthatinsetsandmammalscanh

earthesoundsupto5metersawayandrespond.Forexample,amoth(蛾子)maydecidenottolayeggsonawater-stressedplant.EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLa

usanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.Ifplantsarescreami

ngforfearoftheirsurvival,shouldwebethankfulwecan‟thearthem?28．WhatdidKhaitandhisteamfindfromtheirresearch?A．Plants

madelow-pitchedsoundswhenindanger.B．Plantswereabletoproducesoundsinresponsetostresses.C．Plantspickedupawiderra

ngeofsoundswhenstressed.D．Plantsmadeultrasonicnoisestocommunicatewitheachother.29．Howdidtomatoandtobaccoplantsreacttodifferentstressesaccordingtothe

text?A．Aplantreactedtodifferentstresseswiththesamesound.B．Cuttomatoplantsproducedmoresoundsperhourthanwater-hungryones.C．Cuttobaccopl

antsseemedtomakeweakersoundsthandrought-stressedones.D．Tobaccoplantsmightmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenshortofwater.30．W

hat‟sthemainideaofParagraph6?A．Thepotentialapplicationsoftheresearch.B．Challengesfacingfarmersinthefuture.C．Farmers„co

ntributionstotheresearch.D．Whatthefutureagriculturewillbelike.31．Theunderlinedword“speculative”inthesecond-to-lastparagraphhastheclose

stmeaningto“________”.A．practicalB．unsuspectedC．unsupportedD．complicated【答案】28．B29．C30．A31．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项尚未发表的研究发现，植物在受到压力时会发出声

音，不同类型的压力导致了不同的声音。28．细节理解题。根据第一段中Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhenstressed.现在

，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。以及第二段中Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsr

ael,foundthattomatoandtobaccoplantscanmakeultrasonic(超声的)noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirstems(茎)arecut.在一项尚未

发表的研究中，以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克·凯特(ItzhakKhait)和他的团队发现，番茄和烟草植物可以发出超声波。由于缺水或茎被剪断时，植物会“哭泣”。可知，Khait和他的团队发现植物能够发出声音来应对压力。故选

B项。29．细节理解题。根据第五段中Inmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungr

ytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.在大多数情况下，它能根据声音的强度和频率，正确地识别出压力是由干燥引起的还是由切割引起的。例如，缺水

的烟草似乎比切下来的烟草发出的声音更大。可知，切下来的烟草发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下的烟草发出的声音要弱。故选C项。30．主旨大意题。根据第六段中Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswo

uldbeimportantinformationforfarmers.“Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture(精准农业),”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBota

nicGardens,Kew,intheUK.他们说，随着气候变化导致更多的干旱，这对农民来说将是重要的信息。“受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业，”英国皇家植物园的AnneVisscher说。可知，本段主要是讲述了研究发现植物能发出声音对农

业的影响，也就是研究在农业的潜在应用价值。故选A项。31．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaof

mothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.瑞士洛桑大学的EdwardFarmer对此表示怀疑。他说，让飞蛾听植物的声音这种想法“有点太___________了”。由doubtful可知EdwardFarmer不确定

这种说法是否正确，因此猜测划线词speculative意为“未经证实的，推测性的”。故选C项。11.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Manycollegestudentswanttolookforseasonal,short-termorpart-

timejobstogetextracash,tostaybusyortogetworkingexperience.LifeguardThejobisagreatopportunitytobuildyourfitness,keeppeoplesafeandbeoutdoo

rstoenjoysomefunonthebeachinthesun.Theaveragehourlywageforlifeguardsis$9.31,butthosewithcertificationsorprev

iousexperiencemaybeabletoearnabitmore.Nanny(保姆)Studentscanfindplentyofpositionsasparentsscramble(争抢)toarrangeactivitiesandfindc

arefortheirchildren.Studentswhoenjoyspendingtimewithkids,stayingactiveandbeingoutdoorscanspendtheirleisu

retimemakingmoneywithoutevenfeelinglikethey‟reworking.Nanniesmake$14.56perhour.CampConsultantStudentswhoe

njoyspendingtheirtimewithchildren,beingaleaderandmonitoringfunoutdooractivitiesareperfectforcampconsultantpositions.Theaverag

ehourlywageforcampconsultantsis$9.28,butthosewithmanyyears‟experienceorspecificacademicbackgroundsmaybeabletoearnmore.FoodServerAlthoughitm

aynotseemlikethemostattractivewaytospendaweekend,workingaswaitstaffallowsstudentstobuilduptheirsocialskills,stayactive,enjoyfreemealsatworkandposi

lyeducatethemselvesaboutdifferentcuisines.However,foodserversneedtobeontheirfeetforhoursatatimeandmus

tbeabletomulti-tasklikeprofessionals,sotakethisintoaccountbeforesubmittinganapplication.Theaveragesalaryis$9.00hour

ly,buttripscanraisethatnumber.1．Whoarethetwojobsnannyandcampconsultantmostfitfor?A．Studentswhowanttode

veloptheirsocialskills.B．Studentswholovestayingwithchildren.C．Studentswholovetraveling.D．Studentswholovecamping.2．Whatshou

ldyoutakeintoconsiderationbeforeapplyingtobeafoodserver?A．Thewayofcooking.B．Thefoodyoucanenjoy.C．Longstandingtimeatwork.D．Skillingettingtipsf

romcustomers.3．Whatjobcanyoudoifyou‟regoodatswimming?A．Alifeguard.B．Ananny.C．Acampconsultant.D．Afoodserver.【答案】1．B2．C3．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。许多大学生想找季节性的

、短期的或兼职的工作，以获得额外的现金、保持忙碌或获得工作经验。文章介绍了几个适合大学生的工作。1．细节理解题。根据Nanny(保姆)部分中的Studentswhoenjoyspendingtimewithkids,stayingactiveandbeingoutdoorscanspendt

heirleisuretimemakingmoneywithoutevenfeelinglikethey‟reworking.(那些喜欢花时间和孩子们在一起，保持活跃和户外活动的学生可以在业余时间赚钱，甚至感觉不到他们在工作)和CampConsultant部分中的Studentswhoenjoys

pendingtheirtimewithchildren,beingaleaderandmonitoringfunoutdooractivitiesareperfectforcampconsultantpositions.(那些喜欢花时间和孩

子们在一起、成为领导者、监督有趣的户外活动的学生是夏令营顾问职位的最佳人选)可知，喜欢和孩子呆在一起的学生最适合做保姆和夏令营顾问这两份工作。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据FoodServer部分中的However,foodserversneedto

beontheirfeetforhoursatatimeandmustbeabletomulti-tasklikeprofessionals,sotakethisintoaccountbeforesubmittinganapplicatio

n.(然而，食品服务员需要一次站几个小时，并且必须能够像专业人员一样同时处理多项任务，所以在提交申请之前要考虑到这一点)可知，在申请成为一名食品服务员之前，你应该考虑需要长时间的站着工作。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据Lifeguard部分中的

Thejobisagreatopportunitytobuildyourfitness,keeppeoplesafeandbeoutdoorstoenjoysomefunonthebeachinthesu

n.(这份工作是锻炼身体、保证人身安全、享受阳光沙滩乐趣的好机会)可知，如果你擅长游泳，你可以做一名救生员。故选A。12.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Doyoulookdownwhenyouspeak?Playwithyourhair?Leantooneside?Every

lastgesturetellsastory.Whatyouaresayingtoothersisnotonlyreflectedinthewordscomingfromyourmouth,butalsothroughthegesturesandmotionsyou

makewithyourbody.KristinAppenbrink,AssociateEditorforRealSimple.com,showswhatyourbodylanguageissayingaboutyou.Standingwi

thyourlegstogetherisconsideredmoreofaconservativestance(站姿).Itlookslikeasoliderfacinghisofficer.Thiswayofstandingusual

lyindicatesrespect.Thiswayyoumoveyourbodyreflectsyourattitude.Andshiftingyourweightfromsidetosideorfronttobackindicatesthatyouareanx

iousordisappointed.Basically,thisisaphysicalrepresentationofwhatisgoingoninyourhead:youarehavingsomanyunsettlingthoughtsthatyoucan‟tst

opmovingfromonetotheother.Crossingyourarmsandlegsisadefensiveposition.Takenoteofthesurroundings.Moreoftenthannot,thisjust

meansapersoniscold.Manypeoplealsofindthispositiontobecomfortable.Pointingtoes(脚趾)in,bigtoetobigtoe,indicatesyo

uareclosingyourselfoffbecauseyoufeelawkwardorinsecure.But,ifyou‟resittingupstraightwithyourshouldersaligned(对齐的)andyourheadup—signsofanopenbodypos

ition—yourfeetmaybebetrayingyou.Openingupyourhandsbyspreadingyourhandsmeansyouareopentonewideasbeingoffered.Facingyourpalmsdownorgraspingyo

urfistsfirmlyshowsyouhaveastrongposition—onethatmaynotbesoflexible.8．WhichofthefollowingdoesKristinAppenbr

inkprobablyagreewith?A．Bodylanguagewillreplacespokenlanguage.B．Standingwitharmscrossingindicatesrespect.C．Bodylanguagecanexpresswhatwewanttosay.D．Ou

rbodies‟motionsaredifferentfromourgestures.9．Whattechniqueofwritingismainlyusedinthetext?A．Makingcomparisons.B．Analysingcauses.C．Raisingqu

estions.D．Givingexamples.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unsettling”meaninparagraph3?A．Satisfying.B．Upsetting.C．Doubtful.D

．Unconscious.11．Whatdoesoneshowifhepointshistoesin,bigtoetobigtoe?A．Hefeelsembarrassedandunsafe.B．Hethinkssomeonehasbetrayedhim.C．Hefeelslike

hidingsomethingfromothers.D．He‟swillingtoacceptnewideasfromothers.【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一个动作都在讲述一个故事。你对别人说的

话不仅反映在你嘴里说的话里，也反映在你用身体做的手势和动作里。RealSimple网站的副主编KristinAppenbrink展出示你的不同肢体语言在暴露出关于你的不同信息。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的KristinAppenbrink,Associ

ateEditorforRealSimple.com,showswhatyourbodylanguageissayingaboutyou.(RealSimple网站的副主编KristinAppenbrink展出示你的不同肢

体语言在暴露出出关于你的心不同信息)可推知，KristinAppenbrink可能同意“肢体语言可以表达我们想说的话”。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Standingwithyourlegstogetherisconsideredmoreofaconservativestance(站姿

).”到五段的“Openingupyourhandsbyspreadingyourhandsmeansyouareopentonewideasbeingoffered.”陈述可知，文章主要列举了一些生活中的肢体语言所

表达的意义，由此判断出，文章主要使用举例的写作方法。故选D。10．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句前的Andshiftingyourweightfromsidetosideorfronttobackindicatesthatyoua

reanxiousordisappointed.(将身体重心从一侧移到另一侧或从前移到后表明你感到焦虑或失望)及划线词后面的thatyoucan‟tstopmovingfromonetotheother(以至于你无法停止从一侧移到另一侧)可推知，

unsettlingthoughts意为“不安的或焦虑的想法”，划线词与B.Upsetting.(令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的)意义接近。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Pointingtoes(脚趾)in,bigtoetobigtoe,indicate

syouareclosingyourselfoffbecauseyoufeelawkwardorinsecure.(脚趾向内指，从大脚趾指向大脚趾，表示你因为感到尴尬或不安全而把自己封闭起来)可知，如果一个人把他的脚趾指向里面，从大脚趾指向大脚趾

，会显示他感到尴尬和不安全。故选A。13.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Fearofthecontagion(传染病)hasrestrictedairtravelandpeoplearequestionin

gthesafetyoftravelingonshipsforpleasure.Butoneexpertsayspeoplecouldeffectivelyprotectthemselvesandothersfromtheinfectiousvirusbydoingon

esimplething:washingtheirhands.ChristosNicolaides,aphysicist,workswithcomputermodelsthatsimulate(模拟)thespreadofdisease.

“Theairtransportationnetworkisthemainpathwayforaglobaldiseasespread,”Nicolaidessaid.Tounderstandthis,thinkofallthethingsyoua

ndothershandleatanairport.Whenpeoplecoughorsneeze,verysmalldropsofmucus(粘液)flythroughtheair.Theylandonsurfacesofthing

sthatotherpeoplehandle.Nicolaidesledastudywhichfoundthatifyouwanttoslowtheinfectionofadisease,focusonhan

d-washing.Hesaidresearcherstriedtofindtherateofhand-washingaroundtheworld.Earlierstudiesshowedthat70percentofpeoplewashtheirhand

safterusingatoilet,butonlyaboutsevenpercentdoitcorrectly.Nicolaidessaid,“Youshouldwashyourhandswithsoapandwa

terforatleast15seconds.Myresearchersstudiedthis,andwefoundoutthatifyouvisitanairportanytimeintheworld,youwillrealizethat

onlyonefifthpeoplehavecleanhands.”Nicolaidesthenstudied“super-spreader”airports,Hesaid,“A„super-spreader‟airportisanairportthatco

mbinestwoqualities.Thefirstoneisthatithasalotoftrafficandalotofpeople.Andtheotheroneisthatitisconnectedtoman

yotherairportswithmanyotherinternationalflights.Theseairportsareverybusy,suchastheJohnF.Kennedyairport

inNewYork,LosAngelesInternational.”Nicolaidessaidthatif60percentoftravelershadcleanhands,thepossibil

ityofslowingaglobaldiseasewouldriseby69percent.Butevenifjust30percentoftravelershadcleanhands,thespreadofdiseasec

oulddropby24percent.Hesaid,“Educatingthepublicisthemostimportant.”12．Whatkindofeffectdoesthecontagionhave?A．Flightsandshipsaretot

allycanceled.B．Travellingcostsaregreatlyincreased.C．Peopleworryaboutthesafetyoftravelling.D．Thedevelopmentofworldeconomyisstop

ped.13．Whatisthemaincauseoftheglobalspreadofthedisease?A．Peopletouchpublicfacilitieswithviruswhiletraveling.B．Thegovernmenttakeslittle

noticeofthedisease.C．Thegovernmentfailstocontrolthedisease.D．Peopleareunawareoftheirsickness.14．Whatcanweinferfromearli

erstudiesinthetext?A．30%ofpeopledon‟twashtheirhands.B．Mostpeoplehavevisited“super-spreader”airports.C．Visitinga

irportsincreasestheriskofinfectingdiseases.D．Fewpeoplerealizerightwaysofwashinghandsafterusingatoilet.15．What‟sthemainideaofth

istext?A．Expertsfindcorrectwaystowashhands.B．Washinghandshelpsstopspreadingcontagions.C．Contagionshavecausedresearchers‟greatconcern.D．Trav

ellingbyplaneincreasesrisksofspreadingdisease.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。对传染的恐惧已经限制了航空旅行，人们开始质疑坐船游玩的安全性。但一位专家表示，人们可以通过一件简单

的事情来有效地保护自己和他人免受这种传染性病毒的感染：那就是洗手。文章对此进行了介绍。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Fearofthecontagion(传染病)hasrestrictedairtravelandpeoplearequestio

ningthesafetyoftravelingonshipsforpleasure.(对传染的恐惧已经限制了航空旅行，人们开始质疑坐船游玩的安全性)可知，传染病让人们担心旅行的安全。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Theairtransportati

onnetworkisthemainpathwayforaglobaldiseasespread,”Nicolaidessaid.Tounderstandthis,thinkofallthethingsyo

uandothershandleatanairport.Whenpeoplecoughorsneeze,verysmalldropsofmucus(粘液)flythroughtheair.Theylandonsurfa

cesofthingsthatotherpeoplehandle.(“航空运输网络是全球疾病传播的主要途径，”尼克莱德斯说。要理解这一点，想想你和其他人在机场处理的所有事情。当人们咳嗽或打喷嚏时，空气中会有非常小的粘液滴。他

们降落在别人处理的东西的表面)可推知，人们在旅行时接触了带有病毒的公共设施，这是该疾病在全球传播的主要原因。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的Earlierstudiesshowedthat70percentofpeopl

ewashtheirhandsafterusingatoilet,butonlyaboutsevenpercentdoitcorrectly.(较早的研究显示，70%的人上完厕所后会洗手，但只有7%的人能正确洗手)可推知，在早期研究中发现，很少有人意识到

上厕所后洗手的正确方法。故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Butoneexpertsayspeoplecouldeffectivelyprotectthemselvesandothersfromtheinfectiousvirusbydoingonesimplething:wash

ingtheirhands.(但一位专家表示，人们可以通过一件简单的事情来有效地保护自己和他人免受这种传染性病毒的感染：那就是洗手)及下文的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了洗手有助于阻止传染病的传播。故选B。

14.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三调研联考）PuttingMoviesonMobilesMoviesinthetheatergettheirrecognitionatawardsceremoniessuchastheOscars.Buthowaboutmoviesforphones?Theyar

egettingtheirturnatMoFilm-thefirstmobilefilmfestival.ThefirstMoFilmcompetitionreceived250entriesfrommorethan100countries.Entrieswererestric

tedtofilmsthatwerefiveminutesorlessinlength-bestforviewingandsharingonmobilephones.Anindependentteamofjudgesthenselecte

dashortlistoffivefilm-makers.Thewinnerwaschosenfromtheshortlistbyanaudiencevotingusingtheirphones.NewPlatformsTheawardshighlightthein

creasinginfluencethatmobilephonesareshowingintheentertainmentindustry.Manygrassrootsfilmmakersstartoutwithshortfil

ms.Theyarethwartedbythelackofopportunitiestoscreentheirwork.Therefore,mobilephonesareincreasinglybeingseenasanewplatformfortheseshortworks.Itisago

odplaceforanyonewhowantstoexpressthemselvesandfindawaytohavethatexpressionbeseenbyawideaudience.Justthinkabout

howmanypeoplehavemobilephonesintheworld!NewTechnologyAdvancesMoFilmispioneeringcontentformobileandonlineservicesthatisaworld

awayfromHollywood.Themajorityoffilmsmadeformobilesarenowshortinlength,takingintoaccountthescreensize.Howeverthiscouldbeovercomeastechn

ologyadvances.Inthenearfuture,longerfilmswilllikelybeseenonthemobilephone.Andtherearemobilecompaniescreatingphoneswhereuserscanwatchmoviesath

igherquality.Whereveryouseemovies,onethingiscertain:thequalityofwork,thesimpleabilityatstorytelling，andthethingthatinspiressomeon

etotellastorycanreallycomefromanywhere.21．Theunderlinedword“thwarted”means“_____”.A．surprisedB．frightened

C．disappointedD．encouraged22．Nowadaysthemajorityoffilmsmadeformobilesareshortinlengthbecauseof_____.A．t

hescreensizeB．onlineservicesC．technologyadvancesD．themobilephone23．Wecanlearnfromthetext_____.A．Itisimpossibletoseelongerfilmsonmobilephone.

B．Mobilecompanieswillcreatingmorefilms.C．Thequalityworkcanonlybeseeninthetheater.D．ThequalityofworkcanalsobeseenfromM

oFilms.【答案】21．C22．A23．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述手机电影开始亮相并且随着科学进步，手机上可以观看更高质量的电影，手机在娱乐行业将更具影响力。21．词义猜测题。根据上文Manygrassrootsfilmmakersstartoutwithsho

rtfilms.许多草根电影制作人都是从短片起步的，再根据下文bythelackofopportunitiestoscreentheirwork由于缺少拍摄工作的机会，可知草根电影制片人受到挫折或感到失望，进而从开

始拍摄短片电影开始，由此可以推断thwarted意为受挫的，同disappointed意思相近，故选C。22．细节理解题。根据文章中的描述Themajorityoffilmsmadeformobilesarenowshortinlength,takingin

toaccountthescreensize.考虑到屏幕尺寸，大多数手机电影的长度都很短，由此可知，大多数手机电影很短是因为手机屏幕尺寸的问题，故选A。23．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Inthenearfuture,longerfilmswilllikel

ybeseenonthemobilephone.Andtherearemobilecompaniescreatingphoneswhereuserscanwatchmoviesathigherquality.在不久的将来，更长的电影可能会在手机上观看。还有一些移动公

司正在开发手机，用户可以在手机上观看更高质量的电影，由此可以推断未来在手机上也可以看到高质量的电影，故选D。15.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三调研联考）PigeonsinLondonhaveabadreputation.Somepeoplecall

themflyingrats.Andmanyblamethemforcausingpollutionwiththeirdroppings.Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioninthiscityof8.5milli

on.“Theproblemforairpollutionisthatit‟sbeenlargelyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksforthe

London-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon‟trealizehowbaditis,andhowitactuallyaffec

tstheirhealth.„„London‟spoorairqualityislinkedtonearly10,000earlydeathsayear.Leesays,citingreportreleased

bythecitymanagerlastyear,“Ifpeoplewerebetterinformedaboutthepollutionthey‟rebreathing,”shesays,”theycouldpressurethegovernmen

ttodosomethingaboutit.„„Nearby,onawindyhillinLondon‟sRegent‟sPark,anexperimentisunderwaythatcouldhelp-thefirstweekofflightsbythePigeonAirPatrol.Ital

lbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontestlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemco

uldbesolvedusingTwitter.Duquesnoy,fromFrance,chosetheproblemofairpollution.“Basically,Irealizedhowimportanttheproblemw

as,vhesays.“ButalsoIrealizedthatmostofthepeoplearoundmedidn‟tknowanythingaboutit.„„Duquesnoysayshewantstobettermeasurepollution,whileatthesametim

emakingtheresultsaccessibletothepublicthroughTwitter.“So,“hewondered,“howcouldwegoacrossthecityquicklycollectingasmuchdataaspossible?”D

rones(无人驾驶飞机)werehisfirstthought.Butit‟sillegaltoflythemoverLondon.“ButpigeonscanflyaboveLondon,right?”hesays.“Theyl

ive-actually?theyareLondonersaswell.So,yeah,Ithoughtaboutusingpigeonsequippedwithmobileapps.Andwecanusenotjuststreetpigeons,butracingpigeo

ns,becausetheyflyprettyquicklyandprettylow.“SoitmightbetimeforLondonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Thebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoimprovethequal

ityofthecity'sair.28．WhatcanweinferaboutLondon‟sairqualityfromparagraph2?A．Londonersareverysatisfiedwithit.B．Thegovernmentistryingtoimproveit.C．

Thegovernmenthasdonealottoimproveit.D．Londonersshouldpaymoreattentiontoit.29．DuquesnoyattendedtheLondonDesignFestivalto__.A．entertainLond

onersB．solveaworldproblemC．designaproductforsaleD．protectanimalslikepigeons30．WhydidDuquesnoygiveupusingdronestoflyacrossLondon?A．Beca

usetheyaretooexpensiveB．Becausetheyflytooquickly.C．Becausetheyareforbidden.D．Becausetheyflytoohigh.31．Wh

ichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．London‟sNewPollutionFighterB．London‟sDirtySecretC．CleanAirinLondonD．CausesofAirPollutioninLondon【答案】28．D29．B30．C31．A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述伦敦的空气污染越来越严重，Duquesnoy想到用鸽子帮助检测空气质量，引导人们关注空气污染问题的创意。28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Theproblemforairpollutionisthatit‟sbeenlargelyignoredasa

nissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksfortheLondon-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon‟trealizehowbaditis,andh

owitactuallyaffectstheirhealth.„„伦敦环境组织ClientEarth的AndreaLee说：“空气污染的问题是，它在很长一段时间里一直被忽视。人们没有意识到它有多糟糕，以及它如何影响他们的健康。”由此判断出，伦敦人应该更关注伦敦的空气质量。故选D。29．细节理解题。

根据第三段ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontes

tlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedusingTwitter.这一切都始于DigitasLBi营销公司的主管PierreDuquesnoy去年赢得了伦敦设计节比赛，以展示如何利用Twitter解决世界问题。可知，Duquesnay参加伦

敦设计节是为了解决一个世界性的问题。故选B。30．细节理解题。根据第五段Drones(无人驾驶飞机)werehisfirstthought.Butit‟sillegaltoflythemoverLondo

n.他的第一个想法是无人驾驶飞机，但把它们飞越伦敦是违法的。由此可知，Duquesnoy最初想用无人机飞跃伦敦检测空气质量，但是因为市内禁止无人机飞行，所以他放弃了这个想法。故选C。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkin

dofpollutioninthiscityof8.5million.但现在这些鸟被用来对抗这个850万人口的城市的另一种污染。和最后一段SoitmightbetimeforLondonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Th

ebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoimprovethequalityofthecity'sair.所以现在可能是时候让伦敦人更尊重他们的鸽子了。这些鸟可能正在帮助提高城市空气质量。根据这些关键句可知，Duquesnoy用鸽子检测空气质量、引导

人们关注空气污染，鸽子成了伦敦新的环保战士。A选项London‟sNewPollutionFighter伦敦新的环保战士，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选A。16.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）TheUniversityScienceLibraryTheU

niversityScienceLibraryholdscollectionsinEngineering,Geography,LifeSciences,Management,MathematicalandPhysicalSciences.Self-service

facilitiesareprovidedforborrowing,renewingandreturningoneweekandstandardloanbooks.Thereisalsoadedicatedself-s

erviceShortLoanCollectionforovernightloans.PrintjournalsarenotborrowableintheScienceLibrary.Borrowing,RenewingandMoreFourquic

kandeasytouseloansmachinesarelocatedintheLearningLaboratoryonthegroundfloor.Justscanthebarcodeonthebac

kofyourLibrarycardandenteryourPINnumber(setinitiallyas4digits,DDMMofyourbirthday)toborrowandrenewyourbooks,tocheckreservationsand

viewyourLibraryaccount.ReturningTheLearningLaboratoryalsohastwomachinesforreturningoneweekandstandardloanbooks(includingbooksborrowedf

romStore).Unlikeanordinarybookdrop,themachineswillclearthebooksfromyourLibraryaccountimmediately.Whenyouhavereturnedallofyourbooks,themachinew

illproduceareceiptforyourrecords.Rememberthatyoucanreturnasmanybooksasyouwant,butonlyoneatatime.Short-loancollectionroomShor

tloanbooksarecurrentlystoredinthecafeonthegroundfloor.Pleaseusethemachineinthisroomtoborrowandreturnbooks.CafeWehaveacafeonthegroundflooroftheSc

ienceLibrarysellinghotandcolddrinksandcoldsnacks,butpleaserememberthateatingisnotpermittedinthereadingroomsontheu

pperlevels.Openinghours:Monday:Openfrom08:45Tuesday—Friday:24houropeningSaturday:24houropeninguntil21:00

Sunday:11:00-21:00(holdersoftheUniversityLibrarycardsonly)1．WhatsubjectmaynotbecoveredintheUniversityLibrary?

A．Literature.B．Biology.C．Chemistry.D．Geography.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisrightabouttheUniversityLibrary?A．Bothfoodandbook

saresoldinthecafe.B．EatingisonlyallowedonthegroundflooroftheUniversityLibrary.C．AllthebooksandmagazinesintheUniversityLibrarycanbeborr

owed.D．AllthebookscanbereturnedatatimebyusingthemachinesintheLearningLaboratory.3．Ifyoudon‟thavetheUniversityLibrarycard,

youcanNOTborrowbookson.A．SundayB．MondayC．ThursdayD．Saturday【答案】1．A2．B3．A【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了大学科学图书馆的一些信息，包括藏书类别，自动借书还书和续借的程序，

图书的分布，咖啡馆位置，开放时间等。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的TheUniversityScienceLibraryholdscollectionsinEngineering,Geography,LifeSciences,Managemen

t,MathematicalandPhysicalSciences.可知，大学科学图书馆收藏了工程、地理、生命科学、管理、数学和物理科学方面的书籍。由此可知，大学科学图书馆没有收藏文学方面的书籍。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据Cafe部分中的Wehaveacafeonthegroundfloor

oftheScienceLibrarysellinghotandcolddrinksandcoldsnacks,butpleaserememberthateatingisnotpermittedinthereadingroomsontheupperlevels.

可知，我们在科学图书馆的一层有一个咖啡馆，出售冷热饮料和冷食，但是请记住，上层的阅览室是不允许吃东西的。由此可知，大学科学图书馆只允许在一楼吃东西。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Openinghours部分Sunday:1

1:00-21:00(holdersoftheUniversityLibrarycardsonly)可知，星期日：11:00-21:00（只限持有大学图书证人士）。由此可知，没有大学图书证的人周日不能去，其

他时间可以去。故选A。17.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）Languageisperhapsthemostdistinctiveofhumancharacteristics,butitsevolutionremainsamystery.Ourcommunicationisenh

ancedbyturn—taking(轮流说话)—ortheorderlyexchangeofcommunicativesignals—whichhasbeenfoundtobelargelyuniversalacrosscultures.Butthisturn-takingbehavioris

actuallywidespreadacrosstheanimalkingdom,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublishedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransaction

softheRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.Inthestudy,theresearchersstressedthatoneofthemarksofturn-takingacrossallspecies

isfinetiming.Forexample,insomespeciesofsongbird,thegapbetweenthecallsoftwodifferentbirdsisoftenlessthan50milliseconds.Ontheoth

erhand,communicationinsomespeciesismuchslower.Asforspermwhales,thegapbetweeneachvocalexchangeisaroundtwos

econds.Inhumans,thereisusuallyagapofroughly200millisecondsbetweenturnsinaconversation.Whilemanystudieshavef

ocusedonturn-takingbehaviorinanimals,westillknowverylittleaboutit,partlybecausethereportsaresovariedthatlarge-scalecross-species

comparisonisallbutimpossible,accordingtotheresearchers.“Overall,directcomparisonsofturn-takingskillsofnon-humananimalsinrela

tiontolanguageoriginsarehighlylimitedbylackofdata,theapplicationofdifferentterms,differentstudymethodsandstudyenvironments,theauthorswro

teinthestudy.”Furthermore,investigationshavesofarmainlybeenfocusingonsinglecalltypesorsongsofspecies,limitingadeeperunderstandingofthevar

iabilityofturning-takingsystemsfoundintheanimalkingdom.Inlightofthis,theresearchersproposedanewframeworkforfuturestudiesonturn-takingtomakecross-s

peciescomparisonseasier.“Thegoaloftheframeworkistopromotelarge-scalecross-speciescomparisons”,KobinKendrick,fromtheUniversity

ofYork‟sDepartmentofLanguageandLinguisticScience,saidinastatement.“Suchaframeworkwillallowresearcher

stotracethehistoryofthisevolutionofremarkableturn-takingbehaviorandsolveoldquestionsabouttheoriginsofhumanlanguage.”12．Whatcanwel

earnfromthetext?A．Turn-takingbehaviorinallspeciesiswelltimed.B．Languageistheleastdistinctiveofhumancharacteristics.C．Th

egapbetweenturnsinahumanconversationisabouttwoseconds.D．Relativelyspeaking,thegapbetweenthecallsoftwobirdsislonger.13．Whatmakesthenon-hu

mananimallanguagestudiesdifficultaccordingtothetext?a.Lackofdata.b.Lackofmoney.c.Variedreportsandstudies.d.Theapplicationofdiffer

entterms.A．abcB．bcdC．abdD．acd14．Wecaninferfromthetextthat.A．cross-speciescomparisonisthehardesttostud

yintheevolutionoflanguageB．turn-takinginanimalcommunicationbetweenspeciesisdifficulttofindC．non-humanlangu

agestudiesshouldbefocusedonsinglecalltypesD．theturn-takingbehaviorofanimalsissimilartothatofhumanbeings15．Whydidtheres

earchersputforwardanewframework?A．Toencouragemorestudiesontheevolutionofturn-takingbehaviour.B．Tobuildalinkbetw

eenanimalcommunicationandhumanlanguage.C．Tomakelarge-scalecross-speciescomparisonsofturn-takingeasier

.D．Toguideotherresearchersinhowtostudyanimalcommunication.【答案】12．A13．D14．D15．C【解析】本文是说明文。研究发现轮流说话行为实际上在动物界也很普遍，动物的轮流说话行为与人类相似。但对动物语言的研究还

存在许多困难，研究者们不断提出新方法来促进大规模的跨物种比较。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Butthisturn-takingbehaviorisactuallywidespreadacrosstheanimalkingdom

,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublishedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.(但是，根据发表在《英国皇家学会哲学学报B：生物

科学》上的一篇大规模研究综述，这种轮流的行为实际上在动物王国中很普遍)可知，这种轮流说话的行为实际上在动物界很普遍。再根据第二段中的Inthestudy,theresearchersstressedthatoneofthemarksofturn-takingacrossa

llspeciesisfinetiming.(在这项研究中，研究人员强调，所有物种轮流的标志之一是良好的时机)并列举了鸣鸟、抹香鲸和人类声音间隔的例子。由此可知，所有物种的轮流说话行为都是有定时性的。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，报告差异很大，缺乏数据，不同术语的运用加剧了非

人类动物语言研究的困难。缺乏资金未提到。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Butthisturn-takingbehaviorisactuallywidespreadacrosstheanima

lkingdom,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublishedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalScience

s.(但是，根据发表在《英国皇家学会哲学学报B：生物科学》上的一篇大规模研究综述，这种轮流的行为实际上在动物王国中很普遍)可知，这种轮流说话的行为实际上在动物界很普遍。再根据第二段中的Inthestudy,theresearchersstressedthaton

eofthemarksofturn-takingacrossallspeciesisfinetiming.(在这项研究中，研究人员强调，所有物种轮流的标志之一是良好的时机)可知，定时性是所有物种轮流说话行

为的标志之一。由此推知，动物的轮流说话行为与人类相似。故选D。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Inlightofthis,theresearchersproposedanewframeworkforfuturestudiesonturn-takingtomakecross-speciescom

parisonseasier.“Thegoaloftheframeworkistopromotelarge-scalecross-speciescomparisons”(鉴于此，研究人员提出了一个新的框架，未来的研究转向，使跨物种比较更容易。“该框架的目标是促进大规模的跨物种比较”)

可知，研究人员提出的一个未来研究的新框架的目标是促进大规模的跨物种比较。故选C。18.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）Thedrivercutsyouoffintraffic.Theneighborsdon‟tpickupafterth

eirdog.Theinsurancecompanykeepsyouwaitingendlessly.Situationssuchasthesegetourheartsracing.Angerisn‟tapleasan

tfeeling.Someofuscontroltheemotion,whileothersexplodeinawildrage.Bothhabitsaffectourbodies,ourminds,andourrelationships.Angermayf

eeluncomfortable,butit‟salsonormalandhealthy.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyhavetogetridoftheiranger,”saysPatrick,apsychologistinCalga

ry.“Butangerisanemotionbuiltintoustosignalthatsomethingneedstobesolved.”Whenwetakenoticeofthatsignalandactuallyrealizeth

eprobleminsteadofignoringit,we‟reusuallymuchbetterforit.Unfortunately,manyofushavebeenconditionedtohideouremotions.Researchsuggeststh

atthiscanhavelong-termeffectsonourhealth.Investigatorsshowthatpeoplewhosuppresstheiremotionstendtohaveshorterlifespans.They‟remorelikelytod

ieearlierfromcancer,forexample.Whenweareangry,stresshormones(荷尔蒙)arereleased,whichcanmakeusdevelopawiderangeofdiseases,includingdiabetesan

ddepression.Isitbetter,then,toscreamwheneversomethingmakesyoumad?That‟sthetheorybehindthe“ragerooms”thathaveappearedinmanyAmericancities,wher

efolksareinvitedtoexpresstheirangerbyviolentlyhittingstuffina“safe”environment.“Buttheresearchindicatesthatwhenwedisplayourangera

ggressively,itcanactuallyincreasetheintensityoftheanger—andincreasethelikelihoodofaggressiveactionsinthefuture.”saysKeelan.Itdoesn‟ttake

muchimaginationtopredicthowangercanaffectyourrelationshipswithyourwivesorhusbands,yourkids,oryourcoworkers.Italsohurtsyourhealth

.8．Whatsituationmaymakepeopleangry?A．Neighborspickuptheirdogs‟waste.B．Theinsurancecompanytimelyoffersservice.C．Adri

verdoesn‟twaitforhisturn.D．Astrangerhelpswhenpeoplegetlost.9．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Peopleshouldtrythe

irbesttocontroltheiremotion.B．Angerdoesgoodtoourhealthsometimes.C．Angrypeopleneverreleasestresshormones.D．Angerisanemotions

ignalingsomethinghasbeensolved.10．Whatdoestheunlinedword“suppress”inPara.3mean?A．affectB．developC．controlD．display11．Howdoesthewriterexpresshisvie

wpoint?A．Subjectively.B．Pessimistically.C．Indifferently.D．Objectively.【答案】8．C9．B10．C11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章客观地分析了生气对人健康造成的影响。8．推

理判断题。根据第一段中Thedrivercutsyouoffintraffic.Theneighborsdon‟tpickupaftertheirdog.Theinsurancecompanykeepsyouwait

ingendlessly.Situationssuchasthesegetourheartsracing.“司机挡住了你的去路。邻居们不收拾他们的狗。保险公司让你等个不停。这样的情况让我们心跳加速。”由此判断出，C项Adriver

doesn‟twaitforhisturn.（司机不会等着轮到自己。）的这种境况会使人们生气。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中第一句Angermayfeeluncomfortable,butit‟salsonormalandhealthy.“愤怒可能会让人感觉

不舒服，但这也是正常和健康的。”由此可知，愤怒有时对我们的健康有益。故选B。10．词义猜测题。根据第三段中Unfortunately,manyofushavebeenconditionedtohideouremotions.Researchsuggeststhatthiscanh

avelong-termeffectsonourhealth.“不幸的是，我们很多人都习惯于隐藏自己的情绪。研究表明，这可能会对我们的健康产生长期影响。”由此可知，Investigatorsshowthatpeoplewhosuppresstheiremotionsten

dtohaveshorterlifespans.“研究人员表明，压抑情绪的人往往寿命较短。”所以划线词的意思是“控制”。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Angermayfeeluncomfortable,butit‟salsonormal

andhealthy.“愤怒可能会让人感觉不舒服，但这也是正常和健康的。”和第三段第一句Unfortunately,manyofushavebeenconditionedtohideouremotions.“不幸的是，我们很多人都习惯于隐藏自己的情绪。”由此可知，作者“客观地”表达自己的

观点。故选D。19.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）Scientistshavelongbeendoingresearchondolphinsandhavemadevariousinterestingdiscoveries.RecentlyAnaCostaatt

heUniversityofGlasgowintheUKandherteamhavefoundsomethingnewaboutonetypeofdolphins—Bottlenosedolphins.Bottlenosedolphinscanbefoun

dinmildandtropicalwatersthroughouttheworld.Theyprefercoastalwatersthatarewarmandshallow.However,CostafoundbottlenosedolphinsinSouthAmericamaybes

eparatedintotwodifferentspecies,thankstovaryinghabitatsbetweentwogroupsoftheanimal.AlongthecoastlinesofsouthernBr

azil,UruguayandArgentinaintheSouthAtlanticOcean,commonbottlenosedolphinsthatliveneartheshoredon‟tlooklikethosethatare

furtherouttosea.Theyarelonger,lighterandhaveatriangularbackfin,unliketheoffshoredolphins‟shorterbodies,darkerskinandhookedbackfins.Apartfrom

thedifferencesmentionedabove,thetwokindsofcommonbottlenosedolphinalsolivedifferentlyfromoneanother.Thosenearthecoastformsmallgroupsinbays

andmouthofriversanddon‟tgotoofarfromhome,whilethoseoffshoreliveinpodsofhundredsandmovefromtimetotimeandseldomstayatthesameplace.WhenAnaCostaa

ndherteamlookedatthedolphins‟boneframework,theyfoundstillmoredifferences:theoffshoredolphinshadshorterandmoreplentifulvertebrae(脊椎)thanthecoa

stalvariety.Costaandhercolleaguescollectedmorethan250tissuesamplesfromcommonbottlenosedolphinsofbothgroupsoffBrazil‟scoastandanalyzedt

heDNA．Theresultssuggestthedolphinsmaybegoingdowndifferentevolutionarypaths,separatingintotwospecies.Thege

neticanalysisfounddifferencesinasmallportionofthedolphins‟genomes(基因组)thatexperiencefastratesofchangeoverevolution

arytime.“Allthefindingssofararedemonstratingthatweareobservingtwodolphingroupsintheprocessofspeciation,”saysCosta.Despitethoseresear

ches,sofarscientistsstillcan‟tfigureouttheexactdataoftheexistingbottlenosedolphins.Costaandherteamareoptimisticthatonedaytheywillbeabletosolve

thepuzzleandhelpsavetheseendangeredanimals.12．What‟sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A．Thedifferencesbetween

twobottlenosespecies.B．Theappearanceofbottlenosedolphins.C．Thelivinghabitatsofbottlenosedolphins.D．Thecau

sesleadingtothedifferences.13．Whatmaycausebottlenosedolphinstoseparateintotwospecies?A．Theirlength.B．The

irweight.C．Theirvertebrae.D．Theirevolutionarypaths.14．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Allbottlenosedolphin

slivenearthecoastandhavesimilarhabits.B．ThediscoveryofCostamaymakeadifferencetobottlenosedolphins.C．Bottlenosedolphinsoftenprefertoliveinco

ldwatersthataredeep.D．Thesetwodolphinspeciesarenotsocialandliveindividually.15．Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A．Ane

ndangeredanimal—dolphins.B．Costa‟snewdiscoveryaboutbottlenosedolphins.C．Thelivingenvironmentofbottlenosedolphins.D

．TheimportanceofCosta‟snewdiscovery.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍科斯塔关于宽吻海豚的新发现。12．段落大意题。根据第二段

中CostafoundbottlenosedolphinsinSouthAmericamaybeseparatedintotwodifferentspecies,thankstovaryinghabitatsbetweentwogroupsoftheanim

al.“科斯塔发现，南美洲的宽吻海豚可能被分成两个不同的物种，这是由于两组海豚的栖息地不同所致。”和Apartfromthedifferencesmentionedabove,thetwokindsofcommonbottlenosedolphina

lsolivedifferentlyfromoneanother.“除了上述的不同之外，这两种常见的宽吻海豚的生活方式也各不相同。”由此可知，第二段讲述的是“两种宽吻海豚的区别。”故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中Theresultssuggestthedolphinsmaybeg

oingdowndifferentevolutionarypaths,separatingintotwospecies.“结果表明，海豚可能沿着不同的进化路径，分成两个物种。”由此可知，它们的进化路径可能导致宽吻海豚分裂成两个物种。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第最后一段Desp

itethoseresearches,sofarscientistsstillcan‟tfigureouttheexactdataoftheexistingbottlenosedolphins.Costaandherteamareoptimis

ticthatonedaytheywillbeabletosolvethepuzzleandhelpsavetheseendangeredanimals.“尽管进行了这些研究，科学家们至今仍不能找出现存宽吻海豚的确切数据。科斯塔和她的团队乐观地认为，总有一天他们能够解开这个谜题，帮

助拯救这些濒临灭绝的动物。”由此判断出，科斯塔的发现可能会对宽吻海豚产生影响。故选B。15．主旨大意题。题。根据第一段Scientistshavelongbeendoingresearchondolphinsandhavemadevariousinterestingdiscove

ries.RecentlyAnaCostaattheUniversityofGlasgowintheUKandherteamhavefoundsomethingnewaboutonetypeofdolphins—Bottlenosedolphins.“科学家们长期以来一直在研究海豚，并有了

各种有趣的发现。最近，英国格拉斯哥大学的安娜·科斯塔和她的团队发现了一种新的海豚——宽吻海豚。”由此判断出，这篇文章介绍科斯塔关于宽吻海豚的新发现。故选B。20.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）Modemarchitect

urehasbroughtmanyamazingbuildingstotheworld.Herearesomeofthestrangestbuildingsintheworld.Habitat67,Montreal,CanadaHabitat67

isaveryinterestingarrangementofcubes,whichlookslikethebuildingblocksthatchildrenplaywith.Itisprettyinterestinghowitwa

sdesigned.Initsmaterialsense,thecubeisasymbolofstability.Itlookssooriginalandatthesametimecomfortableforliving.Itwascrea

tedasamainattractionforExpo67,oneoftheworld‟slargestuniversalexpositions(博览会)wherehousingwasoneofthemainthemes.TheBasketBuilding,Ohio,UnitedSt

atesTheLongabergerBasketCompanybuildinginNewark,Ohiomightjustbeastrangestofficebuildingintheworld.The180,000-square-footbuilding,acopyoft

hecompany‟sfamousmarketbasket,cost$30millionandtooktwoyearstocomplete.ManyexpertstriedtopersuadeDaveLongabergertochange

hisplans,buthewantedanexactcopyoftherealthing.TheCrookedHouse,Sopot,PolandFinishedin2003,theCrookedH

ousehasanextraordinaryandamazingstructure.ItsdesignwasbasedonthepicturesofpolishartistJanMarcinSzancerandSwedishpainterPerDahlberg.Itlo

oksasifithadbeentakenfromacartoon:Thebuildinglinesarenotstraight,buttheyarebalanced,sothehouseisnotuglyatall,juststrange!Thei

nterestingpartishowbuildersmanagedtocreatethisgeniusidea,butthehouseisafactandeveryoneadmirestheircreativity.

LaPedrera,SpainItissituatedintheEixampledistrictofBarcelona,Catalonia,Spain.Thestoryofthehouseisprettyinteresting.Th

ehousewasdesignedbyAntoniGaudiandbuiltforamarriedcouple.Itisanextraordinarybutstylishbuildingconsideredtobehighlyunc

onventional-thereisnotevenonestraightline!1．Whichofthebuildingsaboveisassociatedwithatoy?A．Habitat67.B．TheBasketBuilding.C．TheCrookedHouse.

D．LaPedrera.2．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBasketBuilding?A．Itwasbuiltforexhibition.B．Itwasdesignedfollowingthep

ictures.C．Itwasconstructedaccordingtoitsoriginaldesign.D．Itmightbethestrangestofficebuildingintheworld.3．WhatdotheCrookedHouseandLaPed

rerahaveincommon?A．Theybothlookveryugly.B．TheyarebuiltbyAntoniGaudiC．Theirdesignpatternsarecommon.D．Theirconst

ructionlinesarebent.【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个令人惊奇的现代建筑。1．细节理解题。根据Habitat67,Montreal,Canada中Habitat67isaveryinterest

ingarrangementofcubes,whichlookslikethebuildingblocksthatchildrenplaywith.(Habitat67是一个非常有趣的立方体排列，它看起来像孩子们玩的积

木)可知，Habitat67与玩具有关。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据TheBasketBuilding,Ohio,UnitedStates中的ManyexpertstriedtopersuadeDaveLongabergertochangehisplans,buthewanted

anexactcopyoftherealthing.(许多专家试图说服DaveLongaberger改变他的计划，但他想要的是真货的一模一样的复制品)可知，这个建筑物是根据最初的设计建造的。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据TheCrookedHouse,Sopot,Poland中的It

looksasifithadbeentakenfromacartoon:Thebuildinglinesarenotstraight,buttheyarebalanced,sothehouseisnotuglyatall,juststrange!(它看起来就像从一幅漫画：建筑的线

条不直，但它们是平衡的，所以房子一点也不丑，只是奇怪！)和LaPedrera,Spain中的Itisanextraordinarybutstylishbuildingconsideredtobehighlyunconventional-thereisnotevenonestraight

line!(这是一座非凡而时尚的建筑，被认为是非常不寻常的——甚至没有一条直线！)可知，这两个建筑物的共同点都没有用直线设计。故选D。21.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）Aseriousandwidespreaddesertloc

ustoutbreakinsomepartsofSomalia,Kenya,Ethiopia,SudanandEritreahascausedpanicintheagricultureandaviati

onsectors.Theinvasion,whichhaslastedforoveramonthdespiteeffortsbyrespectivegovernmentstocontrolit,hasledtothedestructionofcropsandpasture

s(牧场)threateningfoodsecurityintheregiondespiteapromisingharvestfollowingsuccessfulrainfall.Theoutbre

akhasalsocausedpanicintheaviationsector,followingarecentincidentwhereanEthiopianAirlinepassengerplanewasforcedbyaswarm(群)oflocuststodivertfrom

landinginDireDawnAirportineast-centralEthiopiatoBoleInternationalAirportinEthiopia‟scapitalAddisAbaba.AccordingtotheFoodandA

gricultureOrganizationorFAO,aspecializedagencyoftheUnitedNationsthatleadsinternationaleffortstodefeat

hungerandimprovenutritionandfoodsecurity,thepresentoutbreakistheworstin25years.TheUNagencyattributedtheinvasiontoun

usualweatherandclimateconditions,includingheavyandwidespreadrainssinceOctober2019.Itwarnedafurtherincreaseinlocus

tswarmsislikelytocontinueuntilJuneduetothecontinuationoffavorableecologicalconditionsforlocustbreeding.Thelocustshavealreadydest

royed175,000acresoffarmlandinSomaliaandEthiopia,accordingtotheFAO.Thedesertlocustisthemostdangerousofthenearlyo

nedozenspeciesoflocusts.Atypicaldesertlocustswarmcancontainupto150millionlocustspersquarekilometer,accordingto

theIGAD．Anaverageswarmcandestroyasmanyfoodcropsinadayasissufficienttofeed2,500people.8．Whatistheresultofthede

sertlocustoutbreakonEastAfrica?A．Ithasledtoadiseaseoutbreak.B．Ithascausedtheweathertochange.C．Ithascreatedfearinagricultu

reandaviation.D．Ithasthreatenedthesafetyofthepeoplethere.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“divert”inParagra

ph3mean?A．Takeadifferentroute.B．Takeofffromanairport.C．Splitofffromanewplace.D．Slideawayfromsomewhere.10．Whatcanwelearnaboutthed

esertlocustoutbreakaccordingtotheUNagency?A．Locustbreedingisslowerandslower.B．Therewillpossiblybeadecreaseinlocust

swarms.C．Itisrelatedtounusualweatherandclimateconditions.D．Theecologicalconditionsarebadforlocustbreeding.11．Howdoe

stheauthorprovethedesertlocustisthemostdangerousofthelocustspecies?A．Bydescribingaprocess.B．Bycomparison.C．Bystatistics.D．Byanalyzing

causeandeffect.【答案】8．C9．A10．C11．C【解析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述的是沙漠蝗虫肆虐，对于一些国家的农业和航空也造成危害。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容Aseriousandwidespreaddesertlocustoutbreakinsome

partsofSomalia,Kenya,Ethiopia,SudanandEritreahascausedpanicintheagricultureandaviationsectors.(在索马里、肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、苏丹和厄立特里亚的一些地区发生了严重和广泛的沙漠蝗虫疫情，在农

业和航空部门造成了恐慌)可知，东非沙漠蝗虫的爆发给农业和航空业带来了恐慌。故选C。9．词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句中前后部分可以了解到：蝗虫的爆发也在航空业中导致恐慌，一架埃塞俄比亚的客机被迫改变航线，原本从DireDawnAirpo

rt机场降落改为在BoleInternationalAirport降落。由此可知，划线词的意思是“走另一条路。”故选A。10．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的TheUNagencyattributedtheinvasiontounusualweatherandcl

imateconditions,includingheavyandwidespreadrainssinceOctober2019.(联合国机构将入侵归咎于不寻常的天气和气候条件，包括自2019年10月以来的大雨和大范围降雨)可知，根据联合国机构，沙漠蝗虫的爆发与不寻常的天气和气候

条件有关。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段Thedesertlocustisthemostdangerousofthenearlyonedozenspeciesoflocusts.Atypicaldesertlocustswarmcancontainupto15

0millionlocustspersquarekilometer,accordingtotheIGAD.Anaverageswarmcandestroyasmanyfoodcropsinadayasi

ssufficienttofeed2,500people.(沙漠蝗虫是近12种蝗虫中最危险的一种。根据东非政府间发展组织的数据，一个典型的沙漠蝗群每平方公里可容纳多达1.5亿蝗虫。一个普通的蜂群一天能

摧毁多达2500人的粮食作物。”作者列举了一个典型的沙漠蝗群每平方公里可以容纳1.5亿只蝗虫。一个普通的沙漠蝗群一天可以摧毁足够供给2500人的粮食作物)可知，作者通过数据来说明沙漠蝗虫是危害最大的蝗种。故选C。22.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）Ter

raCycleisacompanythathasrecycledandupcycled(升级改造)justaboutanygarbageitcangetitshandson.Itupcyclesthingslikepensandmarkersintod

ustbinsandpicnictablesandcigaretteendsintorailroadties.Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:TheTerraCycleF

amilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.Thebookispartwake-upcall,parthistorylesson,parthow-to,andpartDIYartsandcraftsinstruction.Inanefforttohelppeopledo

whattheycantocurbtheircontributiontothetonsofwastecreatedeveryday,MakeGarbageGreatgivesthehistoryofvario

usmaterials,discusseswhythosevariousmaterialsareaproblem,andgivestipsandDIYprojectstorecycleorupcycleeachmaterial.Thereisa

chaptereachonplastics,metals,paper,glass,wood,rubberandorganics.Eachchapterisfilledwithtonsoftipsandideasfor

reducingtheamountofwasteyoucreateandforresponsiblyhandlingthewasteyouendupcreatinginyourhome.Ifyou‟reaconsciousconsumer,someoftheinformationyoumayalr

eadyknow,buttherearealsotipsinthisbookthatwillhelpyourecyclemorethanyouthoughtyouwereableto.Ithasinformationonwhereyoucantakeoldsneakers,pillo

ws,andallthatelectronicwastethatseemstopileupquickerandquickereachyear.Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimpl

yinspiresyoutothinkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwasteourculturecreateswillfindsomeideas

here.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It‟sprintedontree-freepaperandisareminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alt

ernativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.12．Whatisthebookintendedtodo?A．Toadvertiseforthecompany.B．Tohelpfamiliesmakemoney.C．Toinstructpeopletolearnart

s.D．Tohelpfamiliesreducewaste.13．Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A．Itisintendedforhousewives.B．Itisenvironmental

lyfriendly.C．Itiswellreceivedallovertheworld.D．Itisnotdifferentfromotherpaperbooks.14．Whatdoestheauthor‟sattitudetowardsthebook?A．Positive.B．Negati

ve.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.15．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LiveAMoreHealthyLife?B．WantAZero-wasteL

ifestyle?C．TerraCycle—AResponsibleCompanyD．MakeGarbageGreat—AKeytoSuccess【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于垃圾回收和升级改造的TerraC

ycle公司为了帮助人们减少生活垃圾而出版了一本书，书中介绍了一些关于对废弃物品重新再利用的方法。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteeve

nlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:TheTerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.(现在，TerraCycle希望通过一本新书《让垃圾变得伟大：TerraCycle家庭零废物生活指南》来帮助家

庭减少浪费)可知，这本书的目的是为了帮助家庭减少浪费。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的后两句Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It‟sprintedontree-freepaperandisareminder

thatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.(甚至实体书本身也有一些灵感。它印在没有树木的纸上，提醒我们通常有

一个可持续的选择来替代我们浪费的许多产品)可知，这本书的用纸不是由树制成的，这本书是环保的。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据全文尤其最后一段作者的描述Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyo

urwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothinkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwasteourculturecreateswillfindsomeideashere.E

venthephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.(无论这本书是鼓励你在处理废物方面变得更聪明一点，还是只是鼓励你在买东西或扔东西之前思考一下，任何关心我们的文化造成的废物的人都会在这里找到一些想法。甚至实体书本身也有一些启发)可以看出，作

者对这本书的态度是积极肯定的。故选A。15．主旨大意题。本文主要内容是帮助人们减少生活垃圾和对废物的重新利用的方法。由此可知，B.WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?(想要零废物的生活方式吗？)可以体现文章的中心，适合做本文

最佳标题。故选B。23.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）Whenyoustartworkingonsomethingbutdon‟tfinishit,thoughtsoftheunfinishedworkcontinuetojum

pintoyourmindevenwhenyou‟vemovedontootherthings.PsychologistsrefertothispsychologicalphenomenonastheZeigarnikeffect.Theeffe

ctwasfirstobservedbyaRussianpsychologistnamedBlumaZeigarnik.WhilesittinginabusyrestaurantinVienna,shenoted

thewaitershadbettermemoriesofunpaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexactdetailsoftheorders.Ino

neofherstudies,participantswereaskedtocompletesimpletaskssuchasputtingtogetherpuzzles,orsolvingmathproblems.Halfoftheparticipantswe

reinterruptedhalfwaythroughthesetasks.Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwh

atthey‟dbeenworkingon.Shediscoveredthatthosewhohadtheirworkinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytorememberwhattheyhadbeendoingasthosewhohadactuallycom

pletedthetasks.Wecanusethiseffecttoouradvantage.Forexample,ifyou‟restrugglingtomemorizesomethingimportant,mo

mentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthansimplyremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesandthentakeabreak.Wh

ileyou‟refocusingonotherthings,you‟llfindyourselfmentallyreturningtotheinformationyouwerestudying.Weoftenputofftasksuntilthelastmoment,onlycompl

etingtheminarushatthelastpossiblemoment.Unfortunately,thistendencycanleadtoheavystressandevenpoorperformance.One

waytoovercomethisistoputtheZeigarnikeffecttowork.Startbytakingthefirststep,nomatterhowsmall.Onceyou‟vebegun，butnotfinishedyourwork,you‟

llfindyourselfthinkingofthetaskuntil,atlast,youfinishit.Youmightnotfinishitallatonce,buteachsmallstepyoutakeputsyouclosertoyourfinalgoa

l.8．WhatdoestheZeigarnikeffectreferto?A．Waiterstendtohavegoodmemories.B．Onceinterrupted,onewillforgetthingseasily.C．Mostpeoplecan‟tfocusononeth

ingforalongtime.D．Peoplerememberunfinishedtasksbetterthancompletedones.9．Whatwerealltheparticipantsre

quiredtodointhestudy?A．Describetheirtasks.B．Expresstheirfeelings.C．Testtheirintelligence.D．Designsim

pleactivities.10．HowshouldwestudyaccordingtotheZeigarnikeffect?A．Repeatoverandoveragain.B．Divideupourstudysessio

n.C．Focusonseveraltasksatatime.D．Haveenoughrestbeforestudying.11．What‟sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A．Howtogetridofheavystress.B．Whyweshouldsetafinalgoal.C．Howtobreakthehabitofdelayingwork.D．Whywealwayscomplete

tasksinarush.【答案】8．D9．A10．B11．C【解析】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一种常见的心理现象—蔡加尼克效应。这种心理现象对我们的生活与学习有诸多启示。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中Whilesittinginabusyrestauranti

nVienna,shenotedthewaitershadbettermemoriesofunpaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexactdetailsof

theorders.(当她坐在维也纳一家繁忙的餐馆里时，她注意到服务员对未付订单有更好的记忆。然而，一旦账单被支付，服务员就很难记住订单的确切细节。)和第二段的Shediscoveredthatthosew

hohadtheirworkinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytorememberwhattheyhadbeendoingasthosewhohadactuallycompletedthetask

s.(她发现，那些工作被打断的人比那些实际完成任务的人更有可能记住他们所做的事情)可推断，蔡加尼克效应指人们对于尚未处理完的事比已处理完成的事情印象更加深刻。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeiga

rnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey‟dbeenworkingon.可知，Zeigarnik要求参与者描述他们一直在做什么。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的ifyou‟restrugglingtomemorizesom

ethingimportant,momentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthansimpleremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesa

ndthentakeabreak.（如果你在努力记住一些重要的东西，短暂的中断实际上可能对你有利。不是简单地一遍又一遍地记住信息，而是复习几遍，然后休息一下.）可推断，我们应该分几个时间段学习。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的Onewaytoovercomethisist

oputtheZeigarnikeffecttowork.（克服这一问题的一种方法是使蔡加尼克效应发挥作用。）以及下文讲述的实施过程可知，本段主要告诉我们如何有效利用蔡加尼克效应来改善拖延症。故选C。24.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）We'vecert

ainlyseenadognursingawound,oradeercallingoutinpain.Butmanyanimalssufferinsilence.Themostsilentsufferersintheanimalworldmaybefish.Dofishfeelpain?An

ewstudyfromtheUniversityofLiverpoolhasfoundthatfishfeelpaininawaythat's"strikinglysimilar"tohumans.Forthestudy,LynneSneddon,fr

omtheuniversity'sInstituteofIntegrativeBiology,reviewedtheexistingbodyofresearch98studiesinallandconcludedthat

theyfeelpainjustassharplyaswedo."Whensubjecttoapotentiallypainfulevent,fishshowchangesinbehaviorsuchasstoppingfeedingandreduc

edactivity,whicharepreventedwhenapain-relievingdrugisprovided.Infact,likeus,theybreatheheavilyandstopeatingwhenthey'rehurtin

g.Theywillevenrubthepartoftheirbodythataches."Sneddonnotesinauniversityrelease.Tounderstandpaininotherspecies,scientistslookatnociceptor

s(疼痛感受器),whichsendsignalstothebrainwhenthebodyisbeingdamaged.Humanshavethemthroughouttheirskin,bonesandmuscles.Nociceptorshavealsobeenfoundinman

yotherspecies,includingeventhosetinyfruitflies.Fishhavethesamemeanstodetectpainsignalsandtheequipmenttoreceivethem.Besid

es,thefishermen'sopinionthatfishfeelnopainjustdoesn'taddupfromanevolutionaryview.Painisanefficientmesseng

erthattells,usthatwe'vegotaproblem.Ananimalthatcan'tfeelitwon'tgetthatmemo(ER),evenifithurtsitself."Ifweacceptfishexperiencepain,thent

hishasgreatsignificanceforhowwetreatthem,"Sneddonsays."Careshouldbetakenwhenhandlingfishtoavoiddamagingtheirssensitiveskinandt

heyshouldbehumanelycaughtandkilled."12．Whatcanwelearnaboutfish?A．Theyareinsensitivetopain.B．Theyareabletosensepain.C．Theywon'treacttopainkille

rs.D．Theirbrainisthefirsttosendpainsignals.13．Whatwillafishdowhenitslipsgethurt?A．Itmightrubitslips.B．Itwillkeepitsm

outhopen.C．Itwillswimaroundlikecrazy.D．Itwillkeepeatingtoforgetpain.14．WhatisthesignificanceofthestudyaccordingtoSne

ddon?A．Peoplewilltreatfishinakinderway.B．Peoplecanunderstandevolutionbetter.C．Peoplecandevelopmoredrugstosavefish.D．Peoplewillthinkofmorewaysto

catchfish.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"addup"probablymean?A．Disappear.B．Putforward.C．Makesense.D．Happen.【答案】12

．B13．A14．A15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，研究表明鱼可以感觉疼痛，鱼感到疼痛后做法与人相似，会停止进食和减少活动；科学家们观察了其它物种疼痛感受器，了解了疼痛感受器是如何运作的，Sneddon呼吁人们人道主义地对待鱼。12．细节理解题。由

第二段的句子“Forthestudy,LynneSneddon,fromtheuniversity'sInstituteofIntegrativeBiology,reviewedtheexistingbodyofresearch98studies

inallandconcludedthattheyfeelpainjustassharplyaswedo.”可知，在这项研究中，从现有的98项研究得出结论，鱼类和我们一样感到疼痛，说明鱼能感受疼痛，B项切题，A项排除；由第三段的句子“Whensubjecttoapotentia

llypainfulevent,fishshowchangesinbehaviorsuchasstoppingfeedingandreducedactivity,whicharepreventedwhenapain-relievingdrugisprovided.”可知，鱼

受伤会停止进食和减少活动，而当提供止痛药物时，这些都会被阻止，所以对止疼药有反应，排除C项；由第四段的第一句“Tounderstandpaininotherspecies,scientistslookatnociceptors(疼

痛感受器),whichsendsignalstothebrainwhenthebodyisbeingdamaged.”可知，当身体受到损伤时，疼痛感受器会向大脑发送信号，不是大脑发送的，排除D项。故选B项。13．推理判断题。由第三段地句子“Infact,likeus,theybreatheh

eavilyandstopeatingwhenthey'rehurting.Theywillevenrubthepartoftheirbodythataches.”可知，鱼受伤时和我们一样，呼吸沉重，停止进食，甚至会摩擦身体疼痛的部位，可以推理出鱼的嘴唇受伤时鱼会摩擦自己的嘴唇。故选A项。14

．推理判断题。由最后一段“"Ifweacceptfishexperiencepain,thenthishasgreatsignificanceforhowwetreatthem,"Sneddonsays."Careshouldbetakenwhenhandlingfishtoavoidd

amagingtheirssensitiveskinandtheyshouldbehumanelycaughtandkilled."”可知，Sneddon说：“如果我们接受鱼的痛苦，那么这对我们如何对待它们有着重要意义。”在处理鱼类时应小心，避免损坏它们敏感的皮肤，并应人道地捕获和杀

死它们。”说明研究鱼会让我们更小心地对待鱼，尽量避免鱼感受痛苦。故选A项。15．词句猜测题。addup本意意为“相加、合乎情理、说得通、积少成多”。由倒数第二段的句子“Besides,thefishermen'so

pinionthatfishfeelnopainjustdoesn'taddupfromanevolutionaryview.”可知，另外，渔民们认为鱼不会感到疼痛的观点，从进化论的角度说不通，所以addup在此处意为mak

esense（说得通）。故选C项。25.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）TheWorlds'BestBookshopsThere'snothinglikebeingsurroundedbybooks，whereveryouare．He

rearethefinestoasesofliteraturethattravellerscanbringyou．DaikanyamaT﹣site|TokyoItiswellworthvisitingevenifjusttoadmirethebuilding'sbeautifu

l，crisscrossedarchitecture．Onceyou'vehadyourfillofroamingthreefloors'worthofbookshelves，there'sthebar，th

ecoffeeshop，oreventhevideorentalspacetogiveyoumorereasontostayjustthatlittlebitlonger．Grababook，orderabeeranddiveintoitspages．Icouldhavestayedhour

shere．CityLights|SanFranciscoThethree﹣storeyestablishmentpublishesandsellstitlesinpoetry，fiction，translation，politics，historyandtheart

s．Ithostseventsandreadings，andrunsanon﹣profitofthesamenamethataimstopromotediversityofvoicesandideasinliterature．It'sopposite

Vesuvio，abarfrequentedbyKerouacandotherBeat﹣generationwritersandartists．ShakespeareandCompany|ParisImadeaspecialtriptotheLe

ftBankforthisonewhenIwasinParis．IthastwofloorspackedwithEnglish﹣languagetexts，andIwasparticularlystruckb

yanysparewallspacedevotedtonotesfromvisitors﹣heartfeltmessagestoalovedone，dedicationstotheshopitself，oraquotefromafavouriteauthororp

hilosopher．HutatmaChowk|MumbaiAfewyearsagoIvisitedIndia，investigatingRudyardKipling'sconnectionswiththecountry

．IspottedacheapcopyofTheJungleBookononeofthetarp﹣coveredbookstallsatHutatmaChowk（Martyrs'Square）．Thebooksellersherearelikeamateurlibrarians，able

tolaytheirhandsonalmostanytitleyouaskfor．Tome，thosewell﹣thumbed（翻旧了的）booksspokevolumesaboutthechangesofMumbai'sreade

rsinthe150yearssincethecitygaveusKipling．1．Inwhichbookshopcanyoubuyadrinkwhilevisiting？A．DaikanyamaT﹣site.B．CityLights.C．ShakespeareandCompany

.D．HutatmaChowk.2．WhatcanbelearnedaboutthebookstallsatHutatmaChowk？A．PeoplecanmeetRudyardKiplingthere．B．Theysellthecheapestbooksinthew

orld．C．Thebookownersareamateurlibrarians．D．Thesellersarefamiliarwiththebooks．3．Whatdothefourbookstoreshaveincommon？A

．Theyarebeautifullydesigned．B．Theyarethree﹣storeybuildings．C．Theyofferbookloversgoodexperience．D．Theyarefrequentlyvisitedbygreatwrit

ers．【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上最好的四家书店。1．细节理解题。根据DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo中的“Grababook，orderabeeranddiveintoitspages．Icould

havestayedhourshere”可知，拿本书，点杯啤酒，一头扎进书里。我可以在这里呆上几个小时的。所以在DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo可以买到饮料。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thebooksellershereareli

keamateurlibrarians，abletolaytheirhandsonalmostanytitleyouaskfor”可知，这里的售书员就像业余图书管理员一样，你要什么书他们几乎都能找到。所以售书员对这些书很熟悉

。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo中的“Onceyou'vehadyourfillofroamingthreefloors'worthofbookshelves，there'sthebar，thecoffee

shop，oreventhevideorentalspacetogiveyoumorereasontostayjustthatlittlebitlonger.”一旦你逛够了三层楼高的书架，这还会有酒吧、咖啡店，甚至有录像带出租屋，让你有更多的理由再多待一会儿。CityLights|S

anFrancisco中的“Ithostseventsandreadings，andrunsanon﹣profitofthesamenamethataimstopromotediversityofvoicesandideasinlite

rature.”它举办各种活动和阅读活动，并以相同的名义经营着一项非营利性的活动，旨在促进文学中声音和思想的多样性。ShakespeareandCompany|Paris中的“Iwasparticularlystruckbyanysparewallspacedevotedtonot

esfromvisitors﹣heartfeltmessagestoalovedone，dedicationstotheshopitself，oraquotefromafavouriteauthororphilosopher.”特别令我震惊的是，任何一个空余的墙

壁空间，都是用来记录来访者给爱人的心声，对商店本身的奉献，或是一位最喜爱的作家或哲学家的名言。HutatmaChowk|Mumbai中的“Thebooksellersherearelikeamateurlibrarians，abletolaytheirhandsonalmostanytitle

youaskfor.”这里的售书员就像业余图书管理员一样，你要什么书他们几乎都能找到。所以阅读这四家书店可知，他们都为书迷提供了很好的体验。故选C项。26.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）Formany,travelingisawaytoescapetheworstparts

ofdailylife.Butwhatifatraveldestinationwitnessedterribleevents,likewar,genocide（大屠杀）ornuclearfallout?Wouldyoustillwanttovisit?There‟sagrowingpheno

menoncalled“darktourism”peoplevisitsitesassociatedwithdeathandhumansuffering.“It‟slivingontheedgealmost-ifyo

ugotoaplacewherepeoplehavereallydied,”KarelWerdler,aseniorlecturerinhistoryatInHollandUniversityintheNetherl

ands,toldCNN.Whenpeoplegototraditionaltouristspots,likeDisneyland,orsomewondersoftheworld,theymayfeelhappytoenjoysomethinginterestingornew.Da

rktourism,however,notonlyprovidesthatnovelty（新奇）butalsocanmakethemfeelluckythattheirproblemsaresosmallincomparison.Accord

ingtotheGuardian,“Darktourismtosomeextentreliesonthereverse（颠倒）oftheoldequation（方程式）ofmorefamiliartourism.”Formanypeople,thesesitesofferawaytoreflect

onthemistakesofthepastandthelessonswecanlearnfromhistory.Forexample,Chernobyl,intheUkraine,isoneofthemostpopula

rdarkdestinations.Whenitsnuclearreactor（核反应堆）explodedin1984,itreleasedaradioactive（放射性的）cloudsodevastatingthatthesurroundingareawi

llremainuninhabitable（不适宜居住的）for20,000years.Despitethedestructionanddangerofthestillpresentradiation,nearly72,000peoplevisitedthearealastyear,report

stheBBC．OneofthesewasLiYimeng,whowentonatouroftheChernobylExclusionZone.Duringthetourshesawthehomesofthepowerplant‟sform

erworkers,desertedclassrooms,andanabandonedplayground.“IexperiencedawholerangeofemotionsasIsawtheareaw

heretheyusedtolive,whichisnowawasteland,”shetoldChinaDaily.Shealsoemphasizedtheneedtoshowrespectwhenvisitinglocationsl

ikeChernobyl.Thoughdarktourismisrelatedtodeathanddying,“ittellsusmoreaboutlifeandtheliving”,TheSunnoted.8．Whati

sthemainideaofthearticle?A．Comparisonamongdifferenttypesoftravel.B．Informationofanewtraveltrend.C．Reasonswhyreadersshouldgetinvolvedindarktourism.D．

Introductiontooneofthemostpopulardarkdestinations.9．Whatmakesdarktourismdifferentfromtraditionaltourism?A．Itismoreboringandunpl

easant.B．Itismorepopularwithyoungpeople.C．Thedestinationusuallyhasadarkpast.D．Thesceneteachespeoplehowtofacedeath.10．Whatdoestheunderlined

word“devastating”inParagraph7probablymean?A．Dark.B．Mysterious.C．Enormous.D．Destructive.11．WhatdoestheauthortrytoshowwiththeexampleofLiYimeng?A．

Darktourismremindspeopletotakeactiontoavoiddisasters.B．Darktourismcanbeascaryexperience.C．Darktourismma

kespeoplethinkaboutlife.D．Darktourismwarnspeopletobecautiousabouthightechnology.【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【解析】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了一种新型的旅

行方式--“黑暗旅游”，人们去参观与死亡和人类苦难有关的地方，从而感知对生活和生命的尊重和敬畏。8．主旨大意题。根据第二段There‟sagrowingphenomenoncalled“darktourism”peoplevisitsitesassociated

withdeathandhumansuffering.以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新兴的旅游方式，即Darktourism，故答案为B。9．细节理解题。根据第三段It‟slivingontheedgealmost-ifyougotoaplacewherepeoplehavereallyd

ied和第五段Darktourismtosomeextentreliesonthereverse（颠倒）oftheoldequation（方程式）ofmorefamiliartourism.可知darktourism的最主要特点是目的地与死亡以及人类所遭遇的苦难有关，故答案选C。10．词

义猜测题。从第6、7段“Whenitsnuclearreactor（核反应堆）explodedin1984,itreleasedaradioactive（放射性的）cloudsodevastatingthatthes

urroundingareawillremainuninhabitable（不适宜居住的）for20,000years.Despitethedestructionanddangerofthestillpresentradiation”中的uninhabitable以及destruction（破坏，

毁坏），可知第7段下划线词可能是“毁灭性的”意思，故选D。11．推理判断题。从最后一段“ittellsusmoreaboutlifeandtheliving”可以推知参观这些目的地，人们能更多反思人生与生命，故答案为C。27.（2020届

江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）We‟veknownforyearsthatplantscansee,hear,smellandcommunicatewithchemicals.Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecorde

dmakingsoundswhenstressed.Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsca

nmakeultrasonic（超声的）noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirstemsarecut.It‟sjusttoohigh-pit

ched（音调高的）forhumanstohear.Microphonesplaced10centimetersawayfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof2

0to100kilohertz（千赫兹）.Humanhearingusuallyrangesfrom20hertzto20kilohertz.“Thesefindingscanalterthewaywethinkabouttheplantkingdom,”theywrote.Onav

erage,“thirsty”tomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatopl

antsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanone

soundperhour,onaverage.Perhapsmostinterestingly,differenttypesofstressledtodifferentsounds.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltoseparatethe

plants‟soundsfromthoseofthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse.Inmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswasc

ausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.AlthoughKhaitan

dhiscolleaguesonlylookedattomatoandtobaccoplants,theythinkotherplantsalsomakesoundswhenstressed.Iffarmerscouldhearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgi

vewatertotheplantsthatneeditmost.Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswouldbeimportantinformationforfarmers

.“Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture（精准农业）,”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew

,intheUK.Khait‟sreportalsosuggeststhatinsectsandmammalscanhearthesoundsupto5metersawayandrespond.Forexample,amothmayde

cidenottolayeggsonawater-stressedplant.EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthatthei

deaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.Ifplantsarescreamingforfearoftheirsurvival,shouldwebethankfulwecan‟thearthem?12．Whatdid

Khaitandhisteamfindfromtheirresearch?A．Plantsmadelow-pitchedsoundswhenindanger.B．Plantswereabletoproduc

esoundsinresponsetostresses.C．Plantspickedupawiderrangeofsoundswhenstressed.D．Plantsmadeultrasonicnoisestocommunicate

witheachother.13．Howdidtomatoandtobaccoplantsreacttodifferentstressesaccordingtothetext?A．Aplantreactedtodifferentstresseswiththesames

ound.B．Cuttobaccoplantsseemedtomakeweakersoundsthandrought-stressedones.C．Cuttomatoplantsproducedmoresound

sperhourthanwater-hungryones.D．Tobaccoplantsmightmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenshortofwater.14．What‟st

hemainideaofParagraph6?A．Challengesfacingfarmersinthefuture.B．Farmers‟contributionstotheresearch.C．Thepotentialapplicationso

ftheresearch.D．Whatthefutureagriculturewillbelike.15．WhatisEdwardFarmert‟sattitudetowardstheresearch?A．negativeB．positiveC．neutral

D．indifferent【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．A【解析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了一项新的研究，植物能够发出声音来应对压力，在一项尚未发表的研究发现番茄和烟草能发出超声波，它们会因缺水或茎被切断而哭泣。研究声称这项研究对精准农业方面有利，但也引起了某些科学家的质疑。12．

细节理解题。根据第一段Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhenstressed.（现在，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声

音。）可知植物能够发出声音来应对压力，故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第五段信息Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.（例如，干旱胁迫的烟草似乎比烟

草切块发出的声音更大。）可知，烟草切块发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下发出的声音要弱，故选B。14．主旨大意题。通读第六段，根据Iffarmerscouldhearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgivewatertotheplantsthatneedi

tmost.（研究小组说，如果农民能听到这些声音，他们就能给最需要水的植物浇水。）和Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture（精准农业）（

受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业）可知，该段讲述了该研究在农业方面的应用，故选C。15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaof

mothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.可知，Farmer对于蛾子能听到植物发出的声音并作出反应而表示怀疑，即这件事情有点没有依据，他持否定态度，故

选A。28.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）Earlierthisyearwhenthesummerheatwavewasinfullswing,mostpeopleweredreamingofthecoolerautumntemperatures.Butforthosewholov

ethesummerweather,thewintercoldertemperaturesanddrearyweatherareanythingbutwelcome.Thegoodnews?Therearesomebrilliantwintersun

destinationsyoucanescapetoforgloriouspleasantweatherandwarmsunshine.DubaiDuringthewintermonthsthecitystillboaststemperatur

esaround26°C,perfectifyouplantomakethemostofthecity‟sbeaches.However,it‟snotsohotthatyoucan‟tenjoymostofthethingstoseeanddoinD

ubai,fromthethemeparkstoepicmallssuchastheBurjKhalifa.Planningtomakethemostoftheattractions?It‟sworthlookingintoaD

ubaiPasswhereyoucouldsaveupto50%offahostofthetopmust-seesights.ThailandThebesttimetovisitThailandisbetweenNovembertoJanuarywhenit‟sad

ryseasonandthetemperaturesarepleasant.Thecountryisfilledwithepicsightsandattractions.Fancyacitybreak?HeadtoBangkokwhereglorioustemples,fl

oatingmarketsandincrediblefoodfestivalsawait.OrofcourseyoucouldspendafewdaysmakingthemostofThailand‟smostbeautifuls

easands.CapeVerdeSalIslandisoneofthemaintouristspotsinthecountry.CapeVerdeiswell-knownforofferinguparelaxingholiday;andwith10islandstoexplore,

there‟sstillampleopportunitytohaveanadventureortwo.However,ifyouonlyvisitonespot,makeitthebeautifulSa

lIsland.Ittendstobeahitwithholidaymakersthankstothewhitesandbeachesandcrystallinewatersthatmakeupitsshores.BarbadosIftheideaofasno

wyChristmasbreakdoesn‟tappeal,thenBarbadoscouldmakeforaonce-in-a-lifetimefestiveseason.Decembertemperaturescanbearound28°C,meaningyou‟llhaveheapsofh

otweatherandsunshineandofcourseBarbadosbeachesaretheidealspottoenjoythem.1．What‟sthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toprovidewarmdestinationsforwi

nter.B．Tocomparefourforeigntouristspots.C．Toofferadviceontravelingabroad.D．Tohelpescapefromthehotweather.2．Whatcouldbethebestchoiceforfoodlovers?A．

Dubai.B．Thailand.C．CapeVerde.D．Barbados.3．Whatdotheattractionshaveincommon?A．Theyoffertouristssightsonabudget

.B．Avarietyoffoodissuppliedfortourists.C．Theyrecommendsomeshoppingcenters.D．Travelerscangoforrelaxationonseashore.【答案】1．A2．

B3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个冬季依然阳光灿烂且温暖舒适的旅游胜地。1．推理判断题。由第一段“Therearesomebrilliantwintersundestinationsyoucanescapetoforglorious

pleasantweatherandwarmsunshine.”可知，有很棒的冬日阳光灿烂的目的地，在那里你可以享受晴朗宜人的天气和温暖的阳光。由此可以判断题推测文章的目的是介绍冬季温暖的旅游胜地。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据Thailand部分的“HeadtoBangkokwhereglorio

ustemples,floatingmarketsandincrediblefoodfestivalsawait.”可知，去曼谷，那里有金碧辉煌的寺庙、流动的市场和完美的美食节等着你。因此美食爱好者最好的选择是去曼谷。故

选B。3．细节理解题。根据Dubai部分的“Duringthewintermonthsthecitystillboaststemperaturesaround26°C,perfectifyouplantomakethemostofthecity‟sbea

ches.”可知，在冬季，这个城市的温度依然在26度左右，如果你计划充分利用城市的海滩，这是完美的；根据Thailand部分的“OrofcourseyoucouldspendafewdaysmakingthemostofThailand‟smos

tbeautifulseasands.”可知。当然，你可以在泰国最漂亮的海沙度过几天；根据CapeVerde部分的“Ittendstobeahitwithholidaymakersthankstothewhit

esandbeachesandcrystallinewatersthatmakeupitsshores.”可知，那是一个度假者的热门去处，有白沙滩和晶莹剔透的水构成的海岸线；根据Barbados部分的“

Decembertemperaturescanbearound28°C,meaningyou‟llhaveheapsofhotweatherandsunshineandofcourseBarbadosbeachesaretheidealspottoenjoythem.”可知，12月的温度在

28度左右，意味着你可以享受炎热的天气和阳光，当然巴巴多斯海滩也是理想的圣地。综上所述，景点的共同点是都可以去海边放松。故选D。29.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）Ioncewasafollowerofcancelculture,enoug

hforitstillinfluencesthemediaIconsumetoday.Idon‟tlistentomyformerfavoritebandslikePinegroveandSummerSaltanymoreandIrefusetowat

chanythingwithLouisC．K,andIalwayslookupwhichFrancobrotherwasaccusedeverytimeIgotowatchsomethingwithoneoftheminit.Th

esewereeasypeopleto“cancel”,becauseIdidn‟thavemuchattachmenttothemandIcouldfindreplacements.Butwhathappenswhensomeoneclosewithyouhasd

onesomething“cancel-worthy”?Somethingthatyouwouldcancelanyoneelsefor,ifyouhadmoredistancebetweenyou?Thisdilemmapresen

tstwochoices.Inthefirstchoice,youcouldcontinueyourrelationshipwiththe“cancelled”person,andlivewiththeguilt.Youknowtheydidsomethingthatyouw

ouldn‟ttypicallyforgive,butyou‟vedecidedtogivethema“getoutofjailfree”card.Youcontinuetobefriendswiththisperson,butalwaysfeeluneasybec

auseyouknowsomewhereinsidethatyourfrienddidsomethingbad.Orthere‟soptionnumbertwo:Youcouldcompletelycutofftheper

sonwhoyouoncecalledafriend.Youabandonarelationshipthatyouhadworkedsohardtodevelop,andyoudecidetoignorethatperson.Eventually,youbeco

mecompletestrangerswithsomeoneyouwereoncesoclosewith.Nomatterwhatchoiceyoumake,youwillfacesignificantconsequences.Thisisn‟tablackor

whiteissue.Thisisjustoneexampleofthechallengesoflifethatdoesn‟thaveaclearanswer.Thetruthis,thisisalose-losesituationandyou‟retheloser.You

cancontinuetotrustsomeonewhodidsomethingbadandlivewiththeguilt.Or,youcanstopspeakingtothem,butstilldealwiththefactthatyouoncetrustedsomeonewhodi

daverybadthing,andthatyouhadletthemintoyourlife.Eitherway,youenduplosingsomethingyoudidn‟twantto.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“t

hem”referto?A．Francobrothers.B．LouisC．KandFranco.C．Franco‟smovies.D．PinegroveandSummerSalt.9．Whydoestheauthorstopliste

ningtohisfavoritebands?A．Hehasfoundbetterreplacements.B．Heisnolongerattachedtothem.C．Theydidsomethinghecan‟tforgive.D．Theydon‟treleasegoodworksany

more.10．Howwouldyoufeelwhenyoukeepyourrelationshipwitha“cancelled”person?A．Relaxed.B．Guilty.C．Awkward.

D．Refreshed.11．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph4?A．Youdon‟tcarewhattheydidatall.B．Youcontinueyourrelationshipwiththem.C．Youhopetheycoul

dbesetfreefromtheprison.D．Youdon‟tthinktheyshouldreceiveapunishment.【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在“抵制文化”中，一个人做了不被原谅的事后，人们的两种做法，一个

是继续跟其做朋友；另一个是与其断交。作者指出，不管哪种做法都有相应的后果，这不是非黑即白的问题。8．词义猜测题。由第一段“IalwayslookupwhichFrancobrotherwasaccusedeverytimeIgotowatchsomethingwithoneofth

eminit.”可知，每次我去看有他们其中一人的节目，我都会查查哪个Francobrother兄弟被指控了。所以通过上下文语境可知，them指代的是前文提到的Francobrothers，故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第五段“Orthere‟sopti

onnumbertwo:Youcouldcompletelycutoffthepersonwhoyouoncecalledafriend.”可知，第二个选项是你彻底跟你曾经称之为朋友的人切断联系；根据第四段“Youknowth

eydidsomethingthatyouwouldn‟ttypicallyforgive”可知，你知道他们做了你通常不会原谅的事。根据以上内容可知，在“抵制文化”中，做了不被原谅的事后，其中一个选择就是与其切断联系。根据第一段“Ioncewasafollowerofc

ancelculture,enoughforitstillinfluencesthemediaIconsumetoday.”可知，我曾经是抵制文化的追随者，而且这影响着我现在痴迷的媒体。由此可以推断出，作者不再听他喜

欢的乐队是因为他们做了作者不能原谅的事情。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“youcouldcontinueyourrelationshipwiththe“cancelled”person,andlivewiththeguilt.”可知你跟

被抵制的人继续做朋友时，会带着内疚生活。所以当你和被抵制的人做朋友时，你会感到内疚（guilty）。故选B。11．词句猜测题。根据根据第四段“Youcontinuetobefriendswiththisperson,butalwaysfee

luneasybecauseyouknowsomewhereinsidethatyourfrienddidsomethingbad.”可知，你继续和这个人做朋友，但总感到不舒服，因为你的内心知道你的朋友做了不好的事情。由此可

以推测出，you‟vedecidedtogivethema“getoutofjailfree”card是指继续跟他们做朋友。故选B。30.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）Ifyou‟rereadingthis,it‟ssafetoassumeyou

arrivedbyinternet.MaybeyoucaughttheheadlineasitracedbyonTwitter.OryoumightbetakingabreakfromwatchingaboringmovieonNetfl

ix.Itdoesn‟tmatter.Becauseaccordingtoanewstudy,italladdsuptothesamething:onedistraction（分心的事情）afteranother.Andtheth

ingis,they‟rewelcomedistractions.Because,astheresearch—publishedthisweekintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology—notes,peoplewilldojustaboutany

thingtoavoidbeinglefttotheirownthoughts.Fortheirstudy,researchersdesignedasampletestformorethan2,557participantsin11countries.

Theydividedtheirtestsubjectsintotwogroups.Inthefirstgroup,peoplewereaskedtospend10to15minutes“entertainingthemselveswiththeirth

oughtsasbesttheycould.”Justsitbackandthinkaboutthings.Soundsgood,doesn‟tit?Well,notreally.Thesecondgroup—theonewherep

eopleweretoldtosurftheNet,playavideogame,orevenreadabook—reportedhavingmuchmorefun.Theyscoredmorehighlyonentertainmentandloweronboredom.Andt

hepreferencefordistractionseemedtobeaglobalphenomenon,whichmaycomeasasurprisetoItalianswhoarefamouslybrilliantatdoingnoth

ing.“Thepreferencefordoingexternal（外部的）activitiessuchasreading,watchingTV,orsurfingtheinternetratherthan„justthinking‟appearstobe

strongthroughouttheworld,”theresearchersnoteinthestudy.Buttheredoesseemtobeanimportantthingthathasn‟tbeenincludedinthestudy.Shoul

dn‟tthequalityofthoughtsmatter?Ifyou‟vegotsomethingpositivetothinkabout—say,howyou‟regoingtospendyourvacationorthegreatscreen

playyou‟vealreadyhalf-writteninyourhead—whyareyoureadingthis?Ontheotherhand,ifyouarealwaysbotheredbynegativethoughts—asadorpainfulexperience,per

haps—byallmeans,keepscrolling（翻网页）.Unfortunately,wewon‟tbeabletotakeupmuchofyourtimehere;it‟sashortst

udythatgetstothepointinahurry.Don‟tworrythough.There‟sawholeworldofdistractionsoutthere.Say,haveyouseenthatshipteeteringattheb

rinkofNiagaraFalls?Andhowaboutthosecharmingcows?Betyoudidn‟tknowtheycouldsmellyoufromsixmilesaway.Andthat‟

ssomethingtothinkabout.12．WhywouldtheItaliansbesurprisedatthephenomenon?A．TheypreferreadingbookstosurfingtheNet.B．T

hey‟reconvincedthatthinkingissignificant.C．Theyareusedtobeinglefttotheirownthoughts.D．TheyseldomentertainthemselvesbysurfingtheNet.13．Howwas

thestudyconducted?A．Byreferenceresearch.B．Bycomparativestudy.C．Bytheoreticalanalysis.D．Byexperimentalstudy.14．Whatseemstohavebeenign

oredinthestudy?A．Thequalityofthoughts.B．Thecauseofthephenomenon.C．Thesolutiontotheproblem.D．Thekindsofdistr

actions.15．What‟sthetoneofthepassage?A．Worried.B．Disappointed.C．Serious.D．Humorous.【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．D【解析】这是一篇说

明文。《个性与社会心理学杂志》上指出人们会做任何事情来避免被自己的想法左右。研究指出世界各地的人似乎都更喜欢阅读、看电视或上网等外部活动，而不是只是思考。但研究中似乎有一个重要的遗漏，即思想的质量是否重要。12．细节理解题。根据第六段“t

hepreferencefordistractionseemedtobeaglobalphenomenon,whichmaycomeasasurprisetoItalianswhoarefamouslybrilliantatdoingnothing.”可知

，喜欢分散注意力似乎是一种全球现象，这可能会让以什么都不做而著称的意大利人感到惊讶；根据第四段“astheresearch—publishedthisweekintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology—note

s,peoplewilldojustaboutanythingtoavoidbeinglefttotheirownthoughts.”可知，正如本周发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上的研究指出的那样，人们会做任何事情来避免被自己的想法左右。由以上

内容可以看出，意大利人什么都不做是让自己被自己的想法左右。因此，意大利人对人们的做法感到吃惊是因为意大利人习惯于被自己的想法左右。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第五段“Fortheirstudy,researchersdesignedasa

mpletestformorethan2,557participantsin11countries.Theydividedtheirtestsubjectsintotwogroups.”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员设计了一个样本测试，共有来自11个国家

的2557名参与者参加。他们把实验对象分成两组。由此可以看出，研究结果是通过比较两个小组的表现得出的，因此判断出研究是通过对比进行的。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Buttheredoesseemtobeanimportantthingthathasn‟tbeeni

ncludedinthestudy.Shouldn‟tthequalityofthoughtsmatter?”可知，但研究中似乎有一个重要的遗漏。难道思想的质量不重要吗？因此研究中忽略的是思想的质量。故选A。15．推理

判断题。根据倒数第二段“There'sawholeworldofdistractionsoutthere.Say,haveyouseenthatshipteeteringatthebrinkofNiagaraFalls?Andhowaboutthosech

armingcows?Betyoudidn'tdidn'tknowtheycouldsmellyoufromsixmilesaway.”可知，外面有很多让人分心的东西。喂，你看见那艘船在尼亚加拉瀑布边摇摇欲坠吗?那些可爱的奶牛呢?我打赌你不知

道他们在六英里外就能闻到你的气味。这种方式很幽默（humorous），所以判断出文章的基调是幽默的。故选D。31.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Australianexpertshaveexpressedconcernsthattoomanymillennial

s(千禧一代）arehopingtousetheirsocialmediaaccountstobuildtheircareers.Theirconcernsfollowthesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypost

ingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographersbutalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商

业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.Instagramisfloodedwithsocialmediaprofessionalspaidtopromoteproductsandservices

.However,socialscientistDrLaurenRosewarne,fromtheUniversityofMelbourne,saysthatinreality,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthan

onemaythink.ShesaidmanyyoungAustraliansweregettingsuckedinbytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,describingitas"totally

unrealistic"andextremelydifficulttodo."Youngpeoplearehopingtobefamousinnumbersthatweresimplynotthere20yearsag

o,"RosewarnetoldtheAustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)onSaturday."Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmonetizing(使具有

货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm."ShesaiditwasuptoparentsandschoolstodiscouragestudentsfromseekingInsta-fame,asmanybelieveitisapossible

careerchoice."There'sthewarningforparents;thisisnotanormalorevencommonoccurrencethatyoucanmonetizeyourInstagra

maccount."MeanwhileToniEagerfromAustralianNationalUniversitysaidsocialproblemscouldarisefromspendingtoomuchtimewithsocialme

dia."Wheredotheinsta-celebritiesgo...toseparatethelifepeopleseeonInstagramfromtheiractualnormallife?"Eagersaid."Allofasudde

n,peopleownyourprivatelife."8．Whyisthereasuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"?A．Manyyoungpeoplewanttobephotographers.B．Manypeopleseeitasash

ortcuttomakingmoney.C．Peoplewanttosocializebysharingphotosonline.D．Instagramoffersyoungpeoplemorecareerchoic

es.9．Theunderlinedphrase"gettingsuckedin"inParagraph4probablymeans"______".A．benefitingfromsomethingB．becominginvolvedinsomethingC

．takingadvantageofsomethingD．beingsatisfiedwithsomething10．WhatmessagedoestheauthorconveybyquotingDrLaurenRosewarne?A．Youngpeopletodayaremor

ebusiness-savvythanever.B．YoungpeoplearebecominglessinterestedinInternetfame.C．Instagramisnotagoodplatformtopromo

tenewproducts.D．It'sabadideaforyoungpeopletotryearningmoneyonInstagram.11．WhatproblemdoesToniEagerthinkoveruseofsocial

mediacouldcause?A．Anover-relianceonInstagram.B．Alossofpersonalprivacy.C．Lessinteractionwithpeopleinreallife.D．Thedesiretomonetizeone'sI

nstagramaccount.【答案】8．B9．B10．D11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的千禧一代中有很多人想将社交媒体发展成赚钱的手段甚至作为事业，专家对此表示了担忧。8．推理判断题。从第二段对于in

sta-celebrities的描述Theirconcernsfollowthesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotoso

nline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographersbutalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn

'timpossible.以及第四段中“theappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram”可知，社交媒体上的名人可以通过赞助来挣钱，即使你非专业，如果相貌姣好、有商业头脑也有机会靠社交媒体赚钱。所以判断出为什么“insta-celebrities

”会突然走红是因为许多人把它看作是赚钱的捷径相当于一条捷径。故选B项。9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“bytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,可知，“受到在一些社交平台上可以赚钱的吸引，许多澳大利亚年

轻人被卷入其中”。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，gettingsuckedin也应该表达的意思是“参与其中、卷入其中”。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段DrLaurenRosewarne所说的话inreality,therearefarfewerpe

oplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.可知，她先是表示通过社交媒体赚钱是很难很不现实的，做到的人也很少。再根据倒数第四段“Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutof

monetizing(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm.”可知，有些人可以通过在instagram上发帖赚钱，但这不是常态。由此判断出，靠社交平台赚钱并非好主意。故选D项。11．细节理解题。最后一段

“"Allofasudden,peopleownyourprivatelife”可知，突然之间，人们拥有了你的私人生活。所以Tonieager认为过度使用社交媒体会导致个人隐私的损失。故选B项。32.（

2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Ifyoubelievethatscientistsandartistsaremostcreativewhenthey'reyoung,youaremissinganimportantpartofthestory.AnewstudypublishedinDe

EconomistlookedatNobelPrizewinnersinthefieldofeconomics.Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesear

lyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.Theresearchsupportspreviousworkbytheauthorsthatfoundsimila

rpatternsintheartsandothersciences."Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally

,"saidBruceWeinberg,leadauthorofthestudyandprofessorofeconomicsatTheOhioStateUniversity."Manypeoplebelievethatcrea

tivityisexclusivelyassociatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou'retalkingabout."Inthestudy,thosewhodidtheirmostgroundbr

eakingworkearlyintheircareerstendedtobe"conceptual"innovators(创新者).Thesetypeofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventionalwisdomands

uddenlycomingupwithnewideas.Conceptualinnovatorsarenotyetimmersed(沉浸于)intheacceptedtheoriesoftheirfield,Weinbergsaid.Butthereisanotherkindofc

reativity,hesaid,whichisfoundamong"experimental"innovators.Theseinnovatorsaccumulateknowledgethroughtheircareersandfindnewwaystoundersta

ndit.ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)career."Whetheryouhityourcr

eativepeakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhaveaconceptualorexperimentalapproach,"Weinbergsaid

.Theresearcherstookanovel,empirical(经验主义的)approachtothestudy,whichinvolved31laureates.Theyarrangedthelaureatesonalistfromthemostexperimental

tomostconceptual.Thisrankingwasbasedonthelaureates'mostimportantwork,classifyingtheminto"conceptual"or"

experimental".Afterclassifyingthelaureates,theresearchersdeterminedtheageatwhicheachlaureatemadehismostimportantcontributiontoeconomi

csandcouldbeconsideredathiscreativepeak.Theyfoundthatconceptuallaureatespeakedbetweenages25and29.Experimentall

aureatespeakedwhentheywereroughlytwiceasold,intheirmid-50s."Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork."12

．WhatdidthestudypublishedinDeEconomistfind?A．Creativitycomesatanyage,youngorold.B．Creativitytendstodec

reaseaspeoplegetolder.C．Economists,artistsandotherscientistshavemuchincommon.D．Economistsaremorecreativethanartistsandotherscientist

s.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thinkoutsidethebox"mean?A．Followrulesstrictly.B．Experimentonboxes.C．Breakoldthoughtpatterns

.D．Figureouthowtoescapefromabox.14．Whatdoweknowabout"experimental"innovators?A．Theyusuallycomeupwithnewideasallofas

udden.B．Theymakediscoveriesthroughconstanttrialanderror.C．Themajorityofthemreachtheircreativepeakintheirtwenties.D．Theymakemorecontribution

sthan"conceptual"innovators.15．Whatdotheresearchersbelievedeterminessomeone'screativepeak?A．One'spersonalitytype.B．Wha

tkindofjobonetakes.C．Howonehandlestheirwork.D．One'sattitudetowardtheirwork.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了通过对一些诺贝尔获奖者事业生涯的研究，发现人

的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者。12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearly

inaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.”可知，这项研究表明，创造力的巅峰可能来自与事业早期，也可能是在后期，对应一个人的年轻时与年纪稍大时，A选项符合文意。故选A项。13．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“Thesetyp

eofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.”可知，非谓语动词部分可以看作对这一短语的解释，意为“挑战

传统智慧，提出新的想法”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的模式、框架。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据第八段“ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureat

e's(荣誉获得者的)career.”可知，在一位诺贝尔奖得主的职业生涯中，重要的实验性创新经历了漫长的不断的尝试和错误。所以他们通过不断的尝试和错误获得了发现。故选B项。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ourrese

archsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork.”可知，在这项研究中，决定创造力巅峰的就是你如何处理你的工作。所以研究人员认为是如何处理他们的工作决定了一个人的创造力峰值。故选C项。33.（2020届

江西省新余市高考二模）Studentsdealwithmanyproblemsintheirlivesandbecauseofallofthecompetingthingsfortheirattention

,it'shardtoconcentrateonstudying.16．Thekeytoeffectivestudyingisn'tcramming(死记硬背)orstudyinglonger,butstudyingsmarter.17．Toomanypeoplelookatst

udyingasanecessarytask,notanenjoymentoropportunitytolearn.That'sfine,butresearchershavefoundthathowyouapproachsomethingmatt

ersalmostasmuchaswhatyoudo.Sometimesyoucan't“force”yourselftobeintherightstateofmind.Aimtothinkpositivelywhenyoustudy,andremindyourselfofyours

killsandabilities.18．Insteadofthinking,“I'mamess.I'llneverhaveenoughtimetostudyforthisexam",lookatitlike,“Imayb

ealittlelatetostudyasmuchasI'dlike,butI'llgetmostofitdone.”Memorygamesaremethodsforrememberingpiecesofinformationusingasimpleconnectionofcommonword

s.Mostoftenpeoplegetwordstoformanonsensesentencethatiseasytoremember.Memorygamesarehelpfulbecauseyouusemoreofyourbrainto

remembervisualandactiveimagesthanyoudotorememberjustalistofitems.19．Alotofpeoplemakethemistakeofstudyinginaplacethatreallyisn'the

lpfultoconcentrating.20．Thelibrary,acornerinastudyhall,oraquietcoffeehousearegoodplacestocheckout.Makesuretochoosethequietareasintheseplac

es,nottheloud,centralgatheringareas.Findinganidealstudyplaceisimportant,becauseit'stheoneyoucanreliablyc

ountonforthenextfewyears.A．Avoidterriblethinking.B．Avoidcomparingyourselfwithothers.C．Anoisyplacemakesforapoorstud

yarea.D．Usingmoreofyourbrainmeansbettermemory.E.Havingarightattitudeisimportanttostudysmarter.F.Youn

eedmoreeffectivestudyhabitsforbettergrades.G.Everypersonisuniqueintheirwayofeffectivelearning.【答案】16．F17．E18．A19．D20．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出学习不能光靠

死记硬背和花时间，要学得聪明一点，并从几个方面提供了一些注意事项。16．上一句讲到学生在学习中会遇到问题，下一句转到有效率的学习的关键，F选项“你需要更有效率的学习习惯来取得好成绩”上下连贯，符合语境。故选F项。17．空

白处是第二段的主题句，根据第二段“太多的人把学习视为一项必要的任务，而不是学习的乐趣或机会。这很好，但是研究人员发现，你如何对待某事几乎和你做什么一样重要”所以本段主要讲对于学习要态度积极，E选项“要学得聪明，有正确的态

度很重要”符合本段主题。故选E项。18．从下一句给出的一个正向思考的例子“不要想:“我一团糟。”我永远不会有足够的时间来准备这次考试。”你可以这样想，“我可能会晚一点，但我会完成大部分的考试。”来看，这里顺应本段主题，是要告诉我们遇到困难从积极正面的角

度去思考，不要消极思维。A选项“避免糟糕的想法”符合语境。故选A项。19．本段主要讲记忆游戏，空白处上一句描述这种方法好原因在于记忆视觉和动态图像时使用大脑更多，D选项“使用大脑更多意味着更好的记忆力”与前文呼应。故选D项。20．本段主题是选择合适的

学习地点，段首句就指出很多人错误地选择了学习地点，无法专注，C选项“一个喧闹的地方并不适合学习”承接上文。故选C项。34.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）FamousDanceFormsFromAroun

dTheWorldSinginganddancingisanessentialpartofmanyculturesaroundtheworldandhasbeensoforcenturies.Worldwi

de,variousdanceformshaveevolvedovertheyearsandsomehavecrossedtheirregionalboundariesandgainedadmirersglobally.Herewepresentsomeofth

emostfamousdancestylesintheworld.Ballet,RussiaNodanceformcanapproachgracefulnessascloselyastheRussianballet.Itisanartisticda

nceformthatisperformedtomusic.ThestepsofRussianballetdemandhighlevelsofprecisionandformality.Theclassicalballetdanceformwhichorigin

atedinRenaissanceItalywasintroducedtoRussiaduringtheruleofPetertheGreatandsincethenbecameanintegralpartofRussiansociety.Flame

nco,SpainFlamencoisagloballyfamousdanceformthatoriginatedinSpain.Thedanceisaccompaniedbyguitarplaying,singing,fingersnapping,andhandclapping.Flamenco

iscloselylinkedtotheRomanipeopleinSpain,anditsstyleisdistinctlyAndalusian.Theartformiscurrentlytaughtinmanycountriesworldwidebutismostpo

pularintheUSandJapan.Inthelattercountry,FlamencoschoolsoutnumberthoseinSpain.Tango,ArgentinaTangoisapartnerdancethatisassociat

edwithstyleandexpressiveness.Inthe1880's,thedanceformoriginatedalongtheRiverPlatewhichisthenaturalborderbetweenUruguayandArgentina.Manydifferen

tstylesoftangoexisttodayandinternationaltangodancingcompetitionsareheldeachyearsignifyingthepopularityofthisd

ance.Samba,BrazilSambaissynonymous（同义的）withthefamousCarnivalofBrazil.ItisaBraziliandancestyleandmusicgenrewithrootsinAfricaandarrivedi

nLatinAmericaviatheAfricanslaveswhoarrivedinLatinAmericawiththeirEuropeanmasters.Sambaisassociatedwithrhythmandbrightlycoloredco

stumesandisconsideredasanintegralpartoftheBrazilianculture.1．Whichdanceformisbelievedtobethemostgraceful?A．Tango.B．Ba

llet.C．Samba.D．Flamenco2．WhatisthemainfeatureofTango?A．Highlevelsofprecisionandformality.B．Beingaccomp

aniedbyfingersnappingandhandclapping.C．Rhythmandbrightlycoloredcostumes.D．Styleandexpressiveness.3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingt

othepassage?A．BalletoriginatedinRussiaduringtheruleofPetertheGreat.B．SpainhasmoreFlamencoschoolsthanJapan.C

．SambawasbroughttoBrazilbyEuropeanmastersD．Allthefourformsofdancementioneddidnotoriginateintheirowncountries【答案】1

．B2．D3．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍芭蕾、弗拉明戈、探戈和桑巴这四种世界著名的舞蹈形式。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“NodanceformcanapproachgracefulnessascloselyastheRussianball

et.（没有哪一种舞蹈形式像俄罗斯芭蕾那样优雅。）”可知，作者认为芭蕾是最优雅的舞蹈形式。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tangoisapartnerdancethatisassociatedwithstyleandexpressiveness.”可知，探

戈这种舞蹈形式的特点是风格独特，并且表达力强。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“ItisaBraziliandancestyleandmusicgenrewithrootsinAfricaandarrivedinLatinAmericaviatheAfricanslaveswhoarri

vedinLatinAmericawiththeirEuropeanmasters.（这是一种巴西风格舞蹈和音乐流派，起源于非洲，是通过和欧洲的主人一起到达拉丁美洲的非洲奴隶传到拉丁美洲的。）”可知，桑巴舞虽然是巴西风格的舞蹈，但是起源于非洲。文中介

绍的四种舞蹈形式并不都是起源于它们自己的国家。故选D项。