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专题01阅读理解之说明文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）GreatActivitiesforNatureLoversHikingOneoftheeasiestandmostaccessiblewaystogetclosetonatureisbyset

tingoutonagoodoldfashionedhike.Hikinggenerallydoesn'trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapie

ceofmapandathirstforadventure.Thisactivitycanbeasrelaxingasyoumakeit.BackcountryCampingWhylimityourselftojust

adayhikewhenyoucanhaveafullweekendforalongeradventure?Backcountrycampinginvolvespackingyourtent，sleepingge

ar,food,andwateronyourbacktosetupcampinaremotelocation.Iyou‟reanexperiencedhikerandcamper,thisisanexcellentwaytotestyoursu

rvivalskillsandexplorethewilderness.MountainandRoadBikingUnlikelonghikesthroughthewoods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.

Mountainbikingtypicallyinvolvesridingupanddownsteepslopes,betweentrees,andoverrocks.Ifthissoundstooi

ntenseoryourtiresaren'tsuitedforruggedterrain(地形),considertakingaroadbikeonpavedtrailsthroughforestpreservesoralongcountryroads.GardeningContraryt

opopularbelief,youdon'thavetotravelbeyondyourownbackyardtoexperiencethebeautyofnatureeveryday.Ifyourpersonality

islessadventurousoryourmobilityrestricted,considerplantingagardentogrowyourownvegetables,fruit,herbs，orflow

ers.There'ssomethingtrulysatisfyingaboutmixingupasaladwithfreshingredientsyougrowyourself.Oneofthebes

tpartsaboutspendingtimeingardeningisthatitdoesn'thavetobreakyourbudgetandanyonecandoit.1．Whatdohikersn

eedforhiking?A．Practicalskills.B．Necessaryequipment.C．Ausefulmap.D．Arelaxedmood.2．What'sNOTtheadvantageofgardeningaccordingtothetext?A．Youdon'tneedt

ogofartoenjoythebeautyofnature.B．Itgivesyouasenseofsatisfactionwhencookingwithfreshingredients.C．Itdoesn'ttakeanyenergyormoneytodoit.D．I‟sea

sytostartitforanyonewholikesit.3．Whichofthefollowingcantakeyoutotravelfarthest?A．Hiking.B．BackcountryCamping.C．MountainandR

oadBiking.D．Gardening.【答案】1．C2．C3．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种亲近大自然的户外活动。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hikinggenerallydoesn'trequireanyfancyequipme

ntorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadventure.”可知，徒步旅行通常不需要任何花哨的装备或特殊的技能，只需要一张地图和对冒险的渴望。徒步者们需要一张有用的地图，故选C。2．推理

判断题。根据第三段中“Oneofthebestpartsaboutspendingtimeingardeningisthatitdoesn'thavetobreakyourbudgetandanyonecandoit.”可知，种花园最大的好处是不需要打破预算，每个人都可

以做到，并不是不花费时间C.Itdoesn'ttakeanyenergyormoneytodoit.不需要花费任何精力和金钱，表述与原文不符，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlikelonghikesthroughthe

woods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.”可知，骑自行车可以是你在大自然中旅行地更远，故选C。2.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）Weknow

thatreadingisgoodforchildren.Now,anewstudysuggeststhatjustbeingaroundbookshasitsbenefits.AteamofresearchersinAustraliafindsthatgrowingupwithalargeli

braryathomeimprovesliteracy(读写能力),number-sense,andeventechnologicalskillsinlaterlife.ItappearedinthejournalSocialScienceResearch.Theresearcherswere

exploringtheadvantagesofscholarlyculture.Theywereinterestedinacuriousobservationthatsomecallthe“radiationeffect".“Radiationeff

ectisasituationwherechildrengrowuparoundbooks,buttheydon'treadbooks.Butsomehowbooksbenefitthem,eventhought

heydon'treadthemasmuchastheirparentswishthemto,”saidJoannaSikora,asociologistinAustralia.Joannaandhercolleaguesanalyz

eddatacollectedbetween2011and2015bytheOrganizationforEconomicDevelopment.Thesurveyassessedtheliteracy，numeracy(计算能力),andtechnologicalcompe

tencyofmorethan160,000adultsfrom31countries.Anditincludedaquestionabouthowmanybooksparticipantshadintheirhomesduringadolescence.“Whatw

ewereabletomakeclearwasthatpeoplegrowinguparoundbookshadbetterliteracy,numeracyanddigitalproblem-solvingskillsthanpeoplewhoh

adfewerbooksgrowingupbuthadsimilareducationlevels,similarjobs，andevensimilaradulthabitsintermsofreadingorworkingatvariousn

umeracy-improvingactivities,"shesaid.Infact,teenswhoonlymadeitthroughhighschoolbutwereraisedinabookishenvironmentdidaswellinadulthoodascollegeg

raduateswhogrewupinahousewithoutbooks.Now,howmightmereexposureleadtointellectualimprovement?“Ifwegrowupinahouse,inahomewhereparentsenjoybooks,

wherebooksaregivenasbirthdaypresentsandvalued,thisissomethingthatbecomesapartofouridentityandgivesusthislifelon

gurgetoalwayscomeclosetobooksandreadmorethanwewould.”Sokeepshelvespiledwithbooks.Yourkidswillnotonlybegrateful,they'llbemorelikelytobeab

letospell“grateful"correctlyaswell.12．What's“radiationeffect"accordingtothetext?A．Theterribleeffectofradiationonthepersons

andthings.B．Thegoodinfluenceofthebookishenvironmentonadolescents.C．Thebeneficialeffectofreadingbooksonado

lescents.D．Thebadeffectoftheenvironmentwithoutbooksonadolescents.13．Howdoestheexposuretobooksimproveintellect?A．B

ooksbringasenseofidentityandeagernesstoreadmore.B．Bookshelptoprovideachancetocomeclosetosociety,C．Booksarealwaysgiventoadolescentsasvaluab

lepresents.D．Bookswilloffertheteensanurgetomakegreatachievements.14．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsbookishenvironme

nt?A．Opposed.B．Neutral.C．Indifferent.D．Supportive.15．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ReadingMoreHelpsImproveChildren'sAbilitiesB．ReadingatHomeBri

ngsChildrenManyAdvantagesC．GrowingUpAroundBooksBenefitsChildrenaLotD．CreatingaBookishEnvironmentforChildrenIsofMuchImportan

ce【答案】12．B13．A14．D15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了书香环境对于孩子成长的好处。12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Radiationeffectisasituationwherechildre

ngrowuparoundbooks,buttheydon'treadbooks.Butsomehowbooksbenefitthem,eventhoughtheydon'treadthemasmuchastheirparentswishthemto”可知，辐射效应在本文中指在书香环境中长大的孩

子，虽然他们没有像父母期待的那样读那么多的书，但他们仍然从书中受益良多。由此推断出，书香环境对青少年的良好影响，故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ifwegrowupinahouse,inahomewhereparentsenjoybooks,whereb

ooksaregivenasbirthdaypresentsandvalued,thisissomethingthatbecomesapartofouridentityandgivesusthislifelongurgetoalwayscomeclosetobooksandreadmoret

hanwewould.”可知，如果我们生长在父母热爱书、珍惜书的家庭中，这将成为我们认知中的一部分，让我们终身都有接近书，多读书的渴望。故选A。14．观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Sokeepshelvespiledwi

thbooks..”所以书柜里装满书吧。由此可知，作者对于书香环境是支持的，故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据全文的大意，尤其是第一段中“Weknowthatreadingisgoodforchildren.Now,an

ewstudysuggeststhatjustbeingaroundbookshasitsbenefits.”可知，本文主要讲述了书香环境对孩子成长的好处。故选C。3.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Ma

rianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach‟sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatiss

hereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel‟s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she‟snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.

Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,a

ccordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksin

downtownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowsh

ertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Just

twoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatuptheb

arkeeperwithwhomhe‟sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday‟sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It‟s

achanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopl

eliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.No

w,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn‟tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnolog

y,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.4．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Foodvariety.B．

Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners.D．Restaurantservice.5．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatc

hupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.6．WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He‟sf

ondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D．He‟sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．The

trendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportanceofself-reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageo

fwirelesstechnology.【答案】4．B5．C6．D7．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。据一份报告显示，越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。4．推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自

用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三段Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfr

omtappingherontheshoulder.Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。6．推理判断题。根据第四段helikestha

thecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe‟sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittl

einteraction.可知，Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里安静查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。7．主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋

势，并总结了人们选择独自用餐的原因，故选A。4.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Thinkplantsarejustboringgreenthingsthatyouuseforfoodanddecoration?T

hinkagain!Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou‟reprobablytotallyunawareof.Researchershavediscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytocommunicate

withanundergroundnetworkmadeupoffungus(真菌),whichservestheplantsinmanyways.Tomatoplantsusethefunguswebtowarneachotheroftheirownunhealt

hyconditions.Treesconnectedthroughthefungusnetworkcouldmovenutrients(养分)toandfromeachother.Itisbelievedthatlargertr

eesmovenutrientstosmalleronestohelpthemtosurvive.Notonlythat,buttheycanalsodamageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonous

chemicalsthroughthefungus.ItsoundsliketheplantworldhadtheInternetbeforewedid.Someplantshavearatherimpressivel

ineofdefenseagainstbeingeaten.Whensensingtheyarebeingswallowed,theygiveoffachemicalintotheairthatattract

stheinsect‟snaturalenemy.Theenemyattacksthebug,thussavingtheplants.Thisisbasicallytheplantkingdomversionofgettingyou

rolderbrothertobeatupthatkidwhostealsyourlunchmoney.Youmightbeawarethathumansandanimalshaveaninternalclock.Butdidyouknowt

hatplantsalsohavethisclock?Thismeanstheycanprepareforcertaintimesofdayjustlikewedo.Isitbecausetheycanreactt

olightatsunrise?Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregulatethegenesresponsiblefortheplant‟s

owninternalclock.So,inasense,―wakeupwithpetunias(矮牵牛)isjustasvalidas―wakeupwiththechickens.Natureisfullofsurprises.Soforthoseofyouw

hodidn‟tknowthewondersofplants,nowyoudo.8．Howmanywaysdoesthenetworkoffungusservetheplants?A．Two.B．Thr

ee.C．Four.D．Five.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords―“yourolderbrother”inParagraph4referto?A．Thechemicalgive

noffbyplants.B．Theinsect‟snaturalenemy.C．Thebugattackedbytheenemy.D．Theplanttobeeatenbytheinsect.10．Whathelpstheplantkeeptime?A．Thes

ugarsproducedbyitself.B．Itsowngenes.C．Thetimeofsunrise.D．Itsresponsetolight.11．Whatistheauthor‟spurposeinwritingthetext?A．To

showhisloveofdifferentplants.B．Tosharehisstudyonsomeawesomeplants.C．Tointroducetheunknownabilitiesofplants.D．Tomakepeopleawareofplantprotecti

on.【答案】8．B9．B10．A11．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了植物有很多人类没有发现的本领，包括：拥有一个通过真菌为媒介的地下“网络”来互通消息、能够自己想办法防御昆虫袭击和拥有植物生物钟。8．推理判断题。根据第二段中的Tomatoplantsu

sethefunguswebtowarneachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions.Treesconnectedthroughthefungusnetworkcouldmovenutrients(养分)t

oandfromeachother.Itisbelievedthatlargertreesmovenutrientstosmalleronestohelpthemtosurvive.及第三段中的Noton

lythat,buttheycanalsodamageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungus.可知，真菌网状可以帮助西红柿发出自身处于不健康状况的警告信息(usethefunguswe

btowarneachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions)、传送营养物质(movenutrientstoandfromeachother)、通过传播有害化学物质破坏不良植物(damageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadin

gpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungus)，因此真菌网状一共有三种方式为植物服务，故B项正确。9．词义猜测题。第四段讲述了植物有一种使人印象深刻的防止被吃的方式：当感觉到要被吃掉时，它们会释放一种化学物质到空气中，吸引昆虫的天敌，天敌进而攻击昆虫，间接救了

植物。这种现象就好像植物界的大哥代替你教训偷你午餐费的小孩一样。这句话把plants比喻成“你”，kid比喻成theinsect，因而yourolderbrother就是theinsect‟snaturalenemy，故B项正确。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中

的Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregulatethegenesresponsiblefortheplant‟s

owninternalclock.可知，植物可以利用自身产生的糖分来区分时间，这些糖分有助于调节作用于植物自身生物钟的基因，故A项正确。11．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou‟repr

obablytotallyunawareof.可知，作者指出植物有很多人类没有发现的本领，后文逐步展开、进行详细介绍，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍植物不为人知的能力，故C项正确。5.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Thei

deathatcomputershavesomeamountof“intelligence”isnotnew,saysRalphHaupter,thepresidentofMicrosoftAsia,pointingasfarbackas1950whenco

mputerpioneerAlanTuringaskedwhethermachinescanthink.“Soithastakennearly70yearsfortherightcombinationoffactorstocometogethe

rtomoveAIfromconcepttoreality,”saysHaupter.Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryofthecom

inggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you‟llfindAIwillbegintotouchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomere

searchers.“PersonalassistantAIswillkeepgettingsmarter.Asourpersonalassistantslearnmoreaboutourdailyroutines,IcanimaginethedayIneedn

ottoworryaboutpreparingdinner.MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIg

etbackfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor.”---AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresear

chscientist,NVIDIA．“ThankstoAI,thefacewillbethenewcreditcard,thenewdriver‟slicenseandthenewbarcode(条形码).Facialrecognitionisalreadycomplet

elytransformingsecuritywithbiometriccapabilitiesbeingadopted,andseeinghowtechnologyandbusinessareconnected,likeAmazoniswithWholeFoods,Icanseeanearf

uturewherepeoplewillnolongerneedtostandinlineatthestore.”---GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,agloba

lresearchlaboratory.“2019willbetheyearAIbecomesrealformedicine.Bytheendoftheyearwe‟reseeingsolutionsforpopulationhealth,hospitaloper

ationsandabroadsetofclinicalspecialtiesquicklyfollowbehind.”---MarkMichalski,executivedirector,MassachusettsGeneralHospital.12．WhatcanweknowaboutAIfr

omthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Peopledidn'texpectAItodevelopsorapidly.B．TheideaofAIjustcameuprecently.C．TheconceptofAIwasput

forwardbyRalphHaupter.D．Ittookmorethan70yearstoturntheconceptintoreality.13．WhoseesthefutureofAIdoinghouseworkins

teadofhumanbeing?A．AlanTuring.B．GeorgesNahon.C．MarkMichalski.D．AlejandroTroccoli.14．WhatisGeorgesNahon‟s

job?A．Executivedirectorofahospital.B．Presidentofaresearchlaboratory.C．Chairmanofanenergycorporation.D．Chiefoperatingofficerofanews

paper.15．Howisthepassagedeveloped?A．Byexplainingcauseandeffect.B．Bypresentingresearchresults.C．Bylisti

ngsomepredictions.D．Bydescribingpersonalexperiences.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过AlecjandroTroccoli，GeorgesNahon以及MarkMichalsk

i对人工智能未来将应用于的领域进行预测和说明。12．细节理解题。根据第二段Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryofth

ecominggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you‟llfindAIwillbegintotouchyourlifeinman

ywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.（据预测，人工智能的发展将成为未来几代人的故事，而不仅仅是未来的一年，但随着2019年的到来，你会发现人工智能将开始在许多方面影响你的生活。）可知从前两段我们可

以了解到人们没想到人工智能会发展得这么快。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIgetbackfromworka

llmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor.”---AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist

,NVIDIA.（我的人工智能知道我喜欢吃什么，一周中的哪几天我喜欢在家做饭，并确保当我下班回家时，所有的杂货都在门口等着我，为我准备好我一直渴望的美味佳肴。——AlecjandroTroccoli，NVIDIA的高级

研究科学家。）可知AlecjandroTroccoli能预见人工智能代替人类做家务的未来。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,agl

obalresearchlaboratory.（GeorgesNahon，全球研究实验室奥兰治研究所主任。）可知GeorgesNahon的工作是研究实验室的主任。故选B。15．推理判断题。结合文章第三、四和

五段分别为AlecjandroTroccoli预测人工智能代替人类做家务的未来；GeorgesNahon预测人脸识别将和商业结合在一起以及MarkMichalski对人工智能应用于医学的预测，可知这篇文章是通过列举

一些预测进行论述展开的。故选C。6.（2020届广西桂林调研）Eachyear,halfamillionpeoplediefrombrainaneurysms（动脉瘤）—whenabloodvessel（血管）burstsinthebrain.Ananeurysmisab

ulge（膨胀）inabloodvesselthatcanburst.Ifthathappensinthebrain,itcanbedeadly.Forsurvivors,physicaldisabilitiesareoftensevere.The

ymayincludememoryproblems,lossofbalance,troublespeakingandevenblindness.Butnewtechnologiesareincreasingsurvivalratesandreduci

ngdisabilities.BeaumontBaconisasurvivorwhomakeslightofherexperiencebecausesheisacomedian（喜剧演员）.Sheuseshumo

rtomakeotherslaugh.Nowshe‟sworkingonanewshow.MichaelAlexanderisherdoctor.HeoperatedonBeaumontBaconafterherattack.“Sheh

adbleedinginthefrontalareaofherbrain,sorightabovetheeyes.Thepartthatwasinthebrainwasaboutmaybethesizeo

fanegg.So,that‟safairlylargebleed.”Ms.BaconhadabetterchanceatsurvivalthanmostpeoplebecauseofDr.Alexander.HedirectstheNeurovascularCenterinLo

sAngeles.Thecenteroffersnewtechnologiesthatincludeplacingacatheter（导管）intoananeurysm,thenthreadingwirestopromotebloodcl

ots（血栓）.Thistechniquereducesthechancesofanotherburstbloodvessel.“Youdon‟thavetoopenuptheskull（头盖骨）oropenupthebrain

todosurgery.It‟salldonefrominsidethebloodvessels.Soitreducestheamountofbloodloss,andtherecoveryismuchfaster.”ForBeaumon

tBacon‟srecovery,thehospitalworkedtopreventproblemscommonlyfoundinpatientswithaburstaneurysm.Theproblemsincludebrainswellingthatcanshutd

ownbloodvessels.Shespentamonthinacoma（昏迷）—unabletocommunicatewithdoctors,friendsandlovedones.Butwithayearoftreatment,sherecovered.N

ow,sheismakingpeoplelaugh.12．Whatdoyouknowaboutaneurysms?A．Notechnologiescantreatthemnowadays.B．Theymaycauseseveredisa

bilities.C．Fewpeoplediefromthemeveryyear.D．Theyaredeadlywherevertheyhappen.13．ThenewtechnologyhasthefollowingbenefitsEXCEPTthat________.A．itism

uchfasterforthepatienttorecoverB．itbringsnoproblemsaftertheoperationC．itreducestheamountofbloodlossD．itdoesn‟tneedto

openupthebraintooperate14．ItcanbeknownfromthepassagethatBeaumontBacon________.A．wasalwaysinanunconsciousstateafte

rtheoperationB．recoveredsoonafterthetreatmentC．returnedtoworkafterthetreatmentD．wasthefirsttotrythen

ewtechnology15．Theauthorshowstheeffectofthetechnologyby________.A．providinganexampleB．makingcomparisonsC

．offeringdataD．givingexplanations【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对动脉瘤的医学新技术正在帮助人们提高存活率和减少残疾。文中通过喜剧演员BeaumontBacon的亲身事例介绍了这项新技术在动脉瘤

上的治疗效果。12．细节理解题。第一段最后一句提到“Butnewtechnologiesareincreasingsurvivalratesandreducingdisabilities.”新的技术正在提高存活率和减少残疾后遗症，故A项错误。第一句提到“Eachyear,halfamill

ionpeoplediefrombrainaneurysms”每一年都有50万人死于脑动脉瘤，故C、D项错误。第一段第4句提到“Forsurvivors,physicaldisabilitiesareoftensevere.”对于幸存者而言，可能会导致很严重

的身体残疾。由此可判断动脉瘤的后遗症是造成残疾。故选B。13．细节理解题。第三段第四句提到“Thistechniquereducesthechancesofanotherburstbloodvessel.“Youdon

‟thavetoopenuptheskull（头盖骨）oropenupthebraintodosurgery.It‟salldonefrominsidethebloodvessels.Soitreducestheamounto

fbloodloss,andtherecoveryismuchfaster.””这项技术降低了血管破裂的可能性，也不需要打开头盖骨做手术，同时也减少了失血量，恢复的速度也非常的快。故选B。14．推理判断题。最后一段最后一句提到“Butwithayearoftreatment,sher

ecovered.Now,sheismakingpeoplelaugh.”经过一年的治疗后，Bacon康复了，又重新逗人发笑了，即Bacon重新展开了自己喜剧演员的工作。故选C。15．推理判断题。分析文章内容及结构可知，这是一篇说明文，文章第一段提到动脉瘤的后遗症以及现在新技术在动脉

瘤中的运用。后文中则以喜剧演员Bacon为例介绍了这项新技术的操作方式、优势及术后恢复等情况，由此判断，本文采用了举例子的手法。故选A。7.（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）We‟veknownthatsittingforlongperiodsoftimeeveryd

ayhascountlesshealthconsequences,likeahigherriskofheartdisease.Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.Astudypublishedlastweek,c

onductedbyDr.PrabhaSiddarthattheUniversityofCalifornia,showedthatsedentary（久坐的）behaviorisassociatedwithreducedthicknessofthemedialtemporallobe（中颞叶

）,abrainareathatiscriticaltolearningandmemory.Theresearchersaskedagroupof35healthypeople,ages45to70,abouttheir

activitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhourseachdayspentsittingandthenscannedtheirbrains.Theyfoundthatthesubjectswhorepo

rtedsittingforlongerperiodshadthethinnestmedialtemporallobes.Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairtheworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossible

damagetolearningandmemory.Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignificantassociationbetweenthelevelofphysica

lactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbeenoughtoprotectyoufromtheha

rmfuleffectsofsitting.Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon‟tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecognition（认知）;juststand

ingwilldothetrick.Forexample,twogroupsofsubjectswereaskedtocompleteatestwhileeithersittingorstanding.Participantsarepresentedwithconflictings

timuli（刺激）,liketheword“green”inblueink,andaskedtonamethecolor.Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya

3-milicondmargin.Thecognitiveeffectsofseverephysicalexercisearewellknown.Butthepossibilitythatstandingmoreandsittinglessimprovesbrainhealth

couldlowerthebarforeveryone.Iknow,thisallrunscountertoreceivedideasaboutdeepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,who

toldustositdownandfocus,toRodin‟sfamous“Thinker,”seatedwithchinonhand.Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.8．Whatcanwei

nferfromParagraphs3and4?A．Severeexercisecanlessenthedamageofsitting.B．Severeexercisecangreatlyimproveourbrainhea

lth.C．Sedentarybehaviorwillpossiblydamageourbrain.D．Brainhealthhasnothingtodowithsedentarybehavior.9．Whatdoestheunde

rlinedword“margin”inParagraph5mean?A．blank.B．edge.C．decrease.D．difference.10．Whatisthereceivedideaaboutdeepthought?A．Sittingmoreisgoodf

orourmentalhealth.B．Sittingisbetterwhenwethink.C．Exercisemorecanimproveourcognition.D．Weshouldstandwhilethink

ing.11．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．peopletendtositwhilethinkingB．standingmorecanmakeourbrainhealthierC．physicalexercisecanimproveourbrainhealth

D．sedentarybehaviorleadstocountlesshealthproblems【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的这一现象。8．推理判断题。由

第三段最后一句“Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairtheworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利

于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。）和第四段中的“Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignificantassociationbetweenth

elevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbeenoughtoprotectyoufr

omtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.”（有趣的是，这项研究没有发现身体活动水平和大脑区域厚度之间有显著的关联，这表明运动，甚至是剧烈运动，可能不足以保护你免受坐姿的有害影响。），可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们的大脑。故选C项。9．词义猜测题。由第五段最后一句“S

ubjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya32-millisecondmargin.”（站着思考的受试者会以32毫秒的差异击败坐着的受试者。），可知margin在此处意为“差异”。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Iknow,thisall

runscountertoreceivedideasaboutdeepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin‟sfamo

us“Thinker,”seatedwithchinonhand.”（我知道，这一切都与我们从小学老师那里得到的关于深思熟虑的想法背道而驰，他们让我们坐下集中注意力，还有罗丹著名的“思想者”，手托下巴坐着。），可知我们以前接受的关于深思熟虑的想法是坐着思

考更好。故选B项。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.”（但现在一项新的研究发现，坐着对大脑也有害。），第三段最后一句“Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspend

inachairtheworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习

和记忆受损。），第五段中的“Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon‟tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecognition;juststandingwilldothetrick.”（结果令人惊讶的是，你甚至不需

要移动太多来增强认知能力；仅仅站着就可以了。）和最后一段“Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.”（他们错了。你们现在都可以站起来了。）可知，文章主要介绍了多站立能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的现象。故选B项。8

.（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）Ifyou‟vespentanyamountoftimeboating,fishing,orbird-watchingatlakesandrivers,yo

uhavemostlikelyseenfishesjumpingoutofthewater.Ihaveseenitmanytimes.Certainly,fisheswillexitwaterindesperateattemptstoes

capeenemies.Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebehavior,formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.But

justaswemayrunfastfromfunorfromfear,differentemotionsmightmotivatefishestojump.Mobularays（蝸鲼）aren‟tmotivatedbyfearwhentheythrowtheirimpressi

vebodies—uptoaseventeen-footwingspan(thedistancefromtheendofonewingtotheendoftheother)andatoninweight—skywardinleap（跳跃）ofuptotenfeet.Theydoit

inschools（鱼群）ofhundreds.Theyusuallylandontheirbellies,butsometimestheylandontheirbacks.Somescientiststhinkitmightbeawayofremovingparasites（寄生虫）.Bu

tIthinkthattheraysareenjoyingthemselves.IntheclearwatersofFlorida‟sChassahowitzkaNationalWildlifeRef

uge,Iwatchedseveralschoolsoffiftyormoremullets（鲻鱼）movinginbeautifulformation.Theirwell-builtbodiesweremostevidentwhentheyleapedf

romthewater.MostofthetimeIsawoneortwoleapsbyafish,butonemadeaseriesofseven.Theyusuallylandontheirsides.Eachjumpwasaboutafootc

learofthewaterandtwotothreefeetinlength.Nobodyknowsforsurewhythefishleaps.Oneideaisthattheydoittotakeinoxygen.Theideaissupportedbyth

efactthatmulletsleapmorewhenthewaterislowerinoxygen,butischallengedbythelikelihoodthatjumpingcostsmoreen

ergythanisgainedbybreathingair.Itishardtoimaginetheywillfeelanyfresherwhenbackinwater.Mightthesefishe

salsobeleapingforfun?Thereissomenewevidence.GordonM.Burghardtrecentlypublishedaccountsofadozentypesoffishes

leapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloatingobjects—sticks,plants,sunningturtle—fornoclearreasonotherthanentertainment.12．Whatcanwes

ayaboutthedolphinsinParagraph1?A．Theyhavegreatescapingskills.B．Theyareeasilyfrightened.C．Theyareveryclever.D．The

ylovejumping.13．Whatdotherayandthemullethaveincommonwhenjumping?A．Bothdoitingroups.B．Bothlandontheirbellies.C．Bothjumpmanyfeet

outofwater.D．Bothmakeleapsoneaftertheother.14．HowdoestheauthorfeelabouttheideamentionedinParagraph4?A．Itisvaluable.B

．Itisinteresting.C．Itisimaginative.D．Itisquestionable.15．Whichmaybethereasonforfishleapsaccordingtotheauthor?A．Toremoveparasites

.B．Toamusethemselves.C．Totakeinmoreoxygen.D．Toexpresspositiveemotions.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鱼为何要跃出水面，一些人认为是因为情绪的激发

和要去除寄生虫，但作者认为它们可能是为了享受快乐。12．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebehavior,formingacircleandcatchingthefrightened

fishesinmidair.”（海豚利用这种行为，围成一个圈，在半空中抓住受惊的鱼。）可知，海豚能够巧妙地吃掉跃出水面的鱼，说明它们很聪明。故选C项。13．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Theydoiti

nschools（鱼群）ofhundreds.”（蝸鲼成群跳跃。）和第三段中的“Iwatchedseveralschoolsoffiftyormoremullets（鲻鱼）movinginbeautifulformation.”（我看到几个由50只或更多的鲻鱼组成的鱼群以美丽

的队形移动。）可知，蝠鲼和鲻鱼都是成群地跳跃。故选A项。14．推理判断题。由第四段中的“Itishardtoimaginetheywillfeelanyfresherwhenbackinwater.”（很难想象当它们回到水里时会感觉更新鲜。）可知，作者认为第四

段提到的猜想是值得怀疑的。故选D项。15．推理判断题。由第二段中的“ButIthinkthattheraysareenjoyingthemselves.”（但我觉得它们很享受光线。）和最后一段中的“GordonM.Burg

hardtrecentlypublishedaccountsofadozentypesoffishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloatingobjects—sticks,plants,sunningtur

tle—fornoclearreasonotherthanentertainment.”（GordonM.Burghardt最近发表了一系列关于十几种鱼类反复跳跃的报道，有时是在漂浮的物体上，树枝，植物，晒海龟，除了娱乐之外，没有其他明确的原因。）可知，作者认为鱼跃出水面可能是为了享受快乐

。故选B项。9.（2020届河南省焦作市高三三模）What‟sthedealwithnewwords?Wheredotheycomefromandhowdotheygofromunknowntoofficial?First,newwordshavetocirculate

inculturetomakeitintothedictionary.Theyhavetobeusedandunderstood.Wordshaveamuchbetterchanceofgettingaddedtothedictionaryifyouseetheminprin

torheartheminconversation.It‟sactuallyafull-timejobtosearchpopularcommunicationtofigureoutwhatnewwordsaresurfacinginourvernacular（方言）.Lex

icographersgettodecidewhichwordsmakeitintothedictionary,andtheydosobyreadingwidelyacrossindustriesanddisciplines.However,theyalsomakedecisionsabou

twhichidiomsmakeitin.Dictionariescansometimesgetover1,000newwordsperyear.In2019theMerriam-Websteraddedover600inAprilandanother500+inSept

ember.Afterlexicographersdecidewhichwordswillbeincluded,theywriteanewdefinition.Someexistingwordsalsogainadditionalmeanings,andthereareusuallytho

usandsofrevisions.Thedictionaryisaconstantlychangingwork-in-progress,justlikethelanguageitdescribesanddefines.Forinstance,theword“pe

ak”recentlywentfrombeingjustasharp,pointedendtoalsobeingsomethingattheheightofpopularity.Occasionallyfakewordsactuallyendupinthedictionarybymi

stake.Ifyouhaveawordthatyouthinkshouldbeinthedictionary,you‟rewelcometogetintouchwiththelexicographersandsuggestit.However,thewordne

edstobefairlypopular.Ithastohave“widespread,frequent,meaningfulusage”.Forinstance,OMGwasaddedtothedictionaryin2009afterlexicograph

ershadobserveditingeneraluseforabout15years.Newwordsspringfromnewtechnologiesanddisciplines,butthey‟reveryofteninventedbyauthorsandwriterswholovela

nguageandplaywithittocreatenewmeanings.OneofthegreatestcreatorswasWilliamShakespearewhocreatedover1,700newwordsoftenbyadaptingu

sageandusingnewcompounds.He‟sresponsibleforwordslikeeyeball,excitement,fashionable,andlonely.“Hard-boiled”wasinventedbyMarkTw

ain.8．Whatkindofnewwordscanbeincludedindictionaries?A．Wordswhichhavebeenwidelyusedforlong.B．Wordswhichwerecreatedbyfamouswriters.C．Wordswhichh

avebeenspokenbysomelocals.D．Wordswhichfrequentlyappearinaprivateconversation.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Lexicographers”inthefirstparagraphprobab

lymean?A．Newwordcreators.B．Writersofadictionary.C．Specialistsinlanguages.D．Historiansonancientcultures.10．Whatdoest

heauthorthinkofadictionary?A．Quiteambiguous.B．Error-free.C．Extremelyrigid.D．Graduallydeveloping.11．Whatist

hebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtheDictionaryIsRevisedB．HowNewWordsSpreadinCultureC．HowWordsGetAddedtotheDictionaryD．HowN

ewWordsAreInventedbyFamousAuthors【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述新词是如何被收录入词典成为官方语言的。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“

First,newwordshavetocirculateinculturetomakeitintothedictionary.Theyhavetobeusedandunderstood.Wordshaveamuchbetterchanceofgettingaddedtothedicti

onaryifyouseetheminprintorheartheminconversation.(首先，新词必须在文化中流传，才能被收入词典。它们必须被使用和理解。如果你在出版物中看到或在对话中听到这些词，它们被收入词典的机会要大得多。)”可知，新词必须得到了广泛使用才被收录到字典里。故选A项。

9．词义猜测题。根据划线单词之后的动作内容“decidewhichwordsmakeitintothedictionary,andtheydosobyreadingwidelyacrossindustriesanddisciplines.

”可知，Lexicographers决定了那些词被收录入词典，因此他们应是词典编撰者。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Thedictionaryisaconstantlychangingwork-in-progress,justli

kethelanguageitdescribesanddefines.(字典就像它所描述和定义的语言一样，是一个不断变化的半成品)”可知，在作者看来，词典时在不断变化的。故选D项。11．主旨大意题。根据文章结构为总

分结构，首段提出了本文的中心话题。作者用设问的方式提出了话题“What‟sthedealwithnewwords?Wheredotheycomefromandhowdotheygofromunknown

toofficial?First,newwordshavetocirculateinculturetomakeitintothedictionary.(新词是怎么回事?他们从何而来，又如何从默默无闻走向官方?首先，新词必须在文化中流传，才能被收入词典。)”可知，本文主要讲述新词是如何

被收录入词典成为官方语言的。选项C.HowWordsGetAddedtotheDictionary概括了文章主题，可作最佳标题。故选C项。10.（2020届河南省六市第一次模拟）We‟veknownforyearsthatplantscansee,hear,sme

llandcommunicatewithchemicals.Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhenstressed.Inayet-to-be-publi

shedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foundthattomatoandtobaccoplantscanmakeultrasonic(超声的)noises.Theplants“cryout”d

uetolackofwater,orwhentheirstems(茎)arecut.It‟sjusttoohigh-pitched(音调高的)forhumanstohear.Microphonesplaced10ce

ntimetersawayfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz(千赫兹).Humanhearingusuallyrangesfrom2

0hertzto20kilohertz.“Thesefindingscanalterthewaywethinkabouttheplantkingdom,”theywrote.Onaverage,“thirsty”tomatoplantsmade3

5soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowing

hour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Perhapsmostinterestingly,differenttypes

ofstressledtodifferentsounds.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltoseparatetheplants‟soundsfr

omthoseofthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse.Inmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonaso

und‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.Although

Khaitandhiscolleaguesonlylookedattomatoandtobaccoplants,theythinkotherplantsalsomakesoundswhenstressed.Iffarmerscould

hearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgivewatertotheplantsthatneeditmost.Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswouldb

eimportantinformationforfarmers.“Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture(精准农业),”s

aidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Khait‟sreportalsosuggestthatinsetsandmammalscanhearthesoun

dsupto5metersawayandrespond.Forexample,amoth(蛾子)maydecidenottolayeggsonawater-stressedplant.EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,

isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.Ifplantsarescreamingforfearoftheirsurvival,shouldwebethankf

ulwecan‟thearthem?28．WhatdidKhaitandhisteamfindfromtheirresearch?A．Plantsmadelow-pitchedsoundswhenindanger.B．Pl

antswereabletoproducesoundsinresponsetostresses.C．Plantspickedupawiderrangeofsoundswhenstressed.D．Plantsmadeultr

asonicnoisestocommunicatewitheachother.29．Howdidtomatoandtobaccoplantsreacttodifferentstressesaccordingtothetext?

A．Aplantreactedtodifferentstresseswiththesamesound.B．Cuttomatoplantsproducedmoresoundsperhourthanwater-hungryones.C．Cuttobaccoplantsseemedtomak

eweakersoundsthandrought-stressedones.D．Tobaccoplantsmightmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenshortofwater

.30．What‟sthemainideaofParagraph6?A．Thepotentialapplicationsoftheresearch.B．Challengesfacingfarmersinthefuture.C．Farmers„

contributionstotheresearch.D．Whatthefutureagriculturewillbelike.31．Theunderlinedword“speculative”int

hesecond-to-lastparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto“________”.A．practicalB．unsuspectedC．unsupportedD．complicated【

答案】28．B29．C30．A31．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项尚未发表的研究发现，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，不同类型的压力导致了不同的声音。28．细节理解题。根据第一段中Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsou

ndswhenstressed.现在，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。以及第二段中Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniver

sity,inIsrael,foundthattomatoandtobaccoplantscanmakeultrasonic(超声的)noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhen

theirstems(茎)arecut.在一项尚未发表的研究中，以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克·凯特(ItzhakKhait)和他的团队发现，番茄和烟草植物可以发出超声波。由于缺水或茎被剪断时，植物会“哭泣”。可知，Khait和他的团队发现植物能够发出声音来应对压力。故选B项。29．

细节理解题。根据第五段中Inmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoa

ppearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.在大多数情况下，它能根据声音的强度和频率，正确地识别出压力是由干燥引起的还是由切割引起的。例如，缺水的烟草似乎比切下来的烟草发出的声音更大。可知，切下来的烟草发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下的烟草

发出的声音要弱。故选C项。30．主旨大意题。根据第六段中Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswouldbeimportantinformationforfarmers.“Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplant

smakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture(精准农业),”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.他们说，随着气候变化导致更多的干旱，这对农民来说

将是重要的信息。“受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业，”英国皇家植物园的AnneVisscher说。可知，本段主要是讲述了研究发现植物能发出声音对农业的影响，也就是研究在农业的潜在应用价值。故选A项。31．词义猜测

题。根据倒数第二段中EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative

”.瑞士洛桑大学的EdwardFarmer对此表示怀疑。他说，让飞蛾听植物的声音这种想法“有点太___________了”。由doubtful可知EdwardFarmer不确定这种说法是否正确，因此猜测划线词speculativ

e意为“未经证实的，推测性的”。故选C项。11.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Manycollegestudentswanttolookforseasonal,short-termorpart-timejobstogetextraca

sh,tostaybusyortogetworkingexperience.LifeguardThejobisagreatopportunitytobuildyourfitness,keeppeoplesa

feandbeoutdoorstoenjoysomefunonthebeachinthesun.Theaveragehourlywageforlifeguardsis$9.31,butthosewithcertificationsorpreviousexperiencemaybeableto

earnabitmore.Nanny(保姆)Studentscanfindplentyofpositionsasparentsscramble(争抢)toarrangeactivitiesandfindcar

efortheirchildren.Studentswhoenjoyspendingtimewithkids,stayingactiveandbeingoutdoorscanspendtheirleisuretimem

akingmoneywithoutevenfeelinglikethey‟reworking.Nanniesmake$14.56perhour.CampConsultantStudentswhoenjoyspendingtheirtimewithchildren,beingale

aderandmonitoringfunoutdooractivitiesareperfectforcampconsultantpositions.Theaveragehourlywageforcampconsultantsis$9.28,butthose

withmanyyears‟experienceorspecificacademicbackgroundsmaybeabletoearnmore.FoodServerAlthoughitmaynotseemliket

hemostattractivewaytospendaweekend,workingaswaitstaffallowsstudentstobuilduptheirsocialskills,stayactive,enjoyfreemealsatworkand

posilyeducatethemselvesaboutdifferentcuisines.However,foodserversneedtobeontheirfeetforhoursatatimeandmustbeable

tomulti-tasklikeprofessionals,sotakethisintoaccountbeforesubmittinganapplication.Theaveragesalaryis$9.00h

ourly,buttripscanraisethatnumber.1．Whoarethetwojobsnannyandcampconsultantmostfitfor?A．Studentswhowanttodeveloptheirsoc

ialskills.B．Studentswholovestayingwithchildren.C．Studentswholovetraveling.D．Studentswholovecamping.2．Whatshouldyoutakeintoconsiderationbefo

reapplyingtobeafoodserver?A．Thewayofcooking.B．Thefoodyoucanenjoy.C．Longstandingtimeatwork.D．Skillinget

tingtipsfromcustomers.3．Whatjobcanyoudoifyou‟regoodatswimming?A．Alifeguard.B．Ananny.C．Acampconsultant.D．Afoodserver.【答

案】1．B2．C3．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。许多大学生想找季节性的、短期的或兼职的工作，以获得额外的现金、保持忙碌或获得工作经验。文章介绍了几个适合大学生的工作。1．细节理解题。根据Nanny(保姆)部分中的Studentswhoenjoyspe

ndingtimewithkids,stayingactiveandbeingoutdoorscanspendtheirleisuretimemakingmoneywithoutevenfeelinglikethey‟reworking.(那些喜欢

花时间和孩子们在一起，保持活跃和户外活动的学生可以在业余时间赚钱，甚至感觉不到他们在工作)和CampConsultant部分中的Studentswhoenjoyspendingtheirtimewithchildren,beingaleaderandmo

nitoringfunoutdooractivitiesareperfectforcampconsultantpositions.(那些喜欢花时间和孩子们在一起、成为领导者、监督有趣的户外活动的学生是夏令营顾问职位的最佳人选)可知，喜欢和孩子呆在一起的学生最适合做保姆和夏令营顾问

这两份工作。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据FoodServer部分中的However,foodserversneedtobeontheirfeetforhoursatatimeandmustbeabletomulti-tasklikepro

fessionals,sotakethisintoaccountbeforesubmittinganapplication.(然而，食品服务员需要一次站几个小时，并且必须能够像专业人员一样同时处理多项任务，所以在提交申请之前

要考虑到这一点)可知，在申请成为一名食品服务员之前，你应该考虑需要长时间的站着工作。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据Lifeguard部分中的Thejobisagreatopportunitytobuildyourfitness,keeppeoplesafeand

beoutdoorstoenjoysomefunonthebeachinthesun.(这份工作是锻炼身体、保证人身安全、享受阳光沙滩乐趣的好机会)可知，如果你擅长游泳，你可以做一名救生员。故选A。12.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Doyoulookdownw

henyouspeak?Playwithyourhair?Leantooneside?Everylastgesturetellsastory.Whatyouaresayingtoothersisnotonlyreflectedinthewordscomingfromyourmo

uth,butalsothroughthegesturesandmotionsyoumakewithyourbody.KristinAppenbrink,AssociateEditorforRealSimple.com,showswhatyourbodylanguage

issayingaboutyou.Standingwithyourlegstogetherisconsideredmoreofaconservativestance(站姿).Itlookslikeasoliderfacinghisoff

icer.Thiswayofstandingusuallyindicatesrespect.Thiswayyoumoveyourbodyreflectsyourattitude.Andshiftingyourweightfr

omsidetosideorfronttobackindicatesthatyouareanxiousordisappointed.Basically,thisisaphysicalrepresentationofwhatisgoingoninyourhead:youare

havingsomanyunsettlingthoughtsthatyoucan‟tstopmovingfromonetotheother.Crossingyourarmsandlegsisadefensivepo

sition.Takenoteofthesurroundings.Moreoftenthannot,thisjustmeansapersoniscold.Manypeoplealsofindthispositiontobecomfortable.Pointingtoes(脚趾)in,bigtoet

obigtoe,indicatesyouareclosingyourselfoffbecauseyoufeelawkwardorinsecure.But,ifyou‟resittingupstraightwi

thyourshouldersaligned(对齐的)andyourheadup—signsofanopenbodyposition—yourfeetmaybebetrayingyou.Openingupyourhandsbyspreadingyourhandsm

eansyouareopentonewideasbeingoffered.Facingyourpalmsdownorgraspingyourfistsfirmlyshowsyouhaveastrong

position—onethatmaynotbesoflexible.8．WhichofthefollowingdoesKristinAppenbrinkprobablyagreewith?A．Bodylanguagewillreplacespokenlanguage.B．Standingwi

tharmscrossingindicatesrespect.C．Bodylanguagecanexpresswhatwewanttosay.D．Ourbodies‟motionsaredifferentfromourgestures.9．Wha

ttechniqueofwritingismainlyusedinthetext?A．Makingcomparisons.B．Analysingcauses.C．Raisingquestions.D．Givi

ngexamples.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unsettling”meaninparagraph3?A．Satisfying.B．Upsetting.C．Doubtful.D．Unconscio

us.11．Whatdoesoneshowifhepointshistoesin,bigtoetobigtoe?A．Hefeelsembarrassedandunsafe.B．Hethinkssomeonehasbetrayedhim.C．Hefeelsl

ikehidingsomethingfromothers.D．He‟swillingtoacceptnewideasfromothers.【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一个动作都在讲述一个故事。你对别人说的话不仅反映在你嘴里说的话里，

也反映在你用身体做的手势和动作里。RealSimple网站的副主编KristinAppenbrink展出示你的不同肢体语言在暴露出关于你的不同信息。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的KristinAppenbrink,AssociateEditorforR

ealSimple.com,showswhatyourbodylanguageissayingaboutyou.(RealSimple网站的副主编KristinAppenbrink展出示你的不同肢体语言在暴露出出关于你的心不同信息)可推知，KristinAp

penbrink可能同意“肢体语言可以表达我们想说的话”。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Standingwithyourlegstogetherisconsideredmoreofaconservativestance(站姿).”到五段的“Openingupy

ourhandsbyspreadingyourhandsmeansyouareopentonewideasbeingoffered.”陈述可知，文章主要列举了一些生活中的肢体语言所表达的意义，由此判断出，文章主要使用举例的写作方法。故选D。10．词义猜测题。根据划线词所

在句前的Andshiftingyourweightfromsidetosideorfronttobackindicatesthatyouareanxiousordisappointed.(将身体重心从一

侧移到另一侧或从前移到后表明你感到焦虑或失望)及划线词后面的thatyoucan‟tstopmovingfromonetotheother(以至于你无法停止从一侧移到另一侧)可推知，unsettlingthou

ghts意为“不安的或焦虑的想法”，划线词与B.Upsetting.(令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的)意义接近。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Pointingtoes(脚趾)in,bigtoetobigtoe,indicatesyouareclosingyourselfoffb

ecauseyoufeelawkwardorinsecure.(脚趾向内指，从大脚趾指向大脚趾，表示你因为感到尴尬或不安全而把自己封闭起来)可知，如果一个人把他的脚趾指向里面，从大脚趾指向大脚趾，会显示他感到尴尬和不安全。故选A。13.

（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Fearofthecontagion(传染病)hasrestrictedairtravelandpeoplearequestioningthesafetyoftravelingonshipsforpleasure.Butone

expertsayspeoplecouldeffectivelyprotectthemselvesandothersfromtheinfectiousvirusbydoingonesimplething:washingtheirhands.Chri

stosNicolaides,aphysicist,workswithcomputermodelsthatsimulate(模拟)thespreadofdisease.“Theairtransportationnetw

orkisthemainpathwayforaglobaldiseasespread,”Nicolaidessaid.Tounderstandthis,thinkofallthethingsyouandothershandleatanairport.Whenpeoplec

oughorsneeze,verysmalldropsofmucus(粘液)flythroughtheair.Theylandonsurfacesofthingsthatotherpeoplehandle.Nicolaidesledastudywhichfoundtha

tifyouwanttoslowtheinfectionofadisease,focusonhand-washing.Hesaidresearcherstriedtofindtherateofhand-washingaroundtheworld.Earlierstudiesshowedthat7

0percentofpeoplewashtheirhandsafterusingatoilet,butonlyaboutsevenpercentdoitcorrectly.Nicolaidessaid,“Youshouldwashyourhandsw

ithsoapandwaterforatleast15seconds.Myresearchersstudiedthis,andwefoundoutthatifyouvisitanairportanytimeintheworld,youw

illrealizethatonlyonefifthpeoplehavecleanhands.”Nicolaidesthenstudied“super-spreader”airports,Hesaid,“A„super-spreader‟airportisanairportthatcombine

stwoqualities.Thefirstoneisthatithasalotoftrafficandalotofpeople.Andtheotheroneisthatitisconnectedtomanyotherairportswithmanyoth

erinternationalflights.Theseairportsareverybusy,suchastheJohnF.KennedyairportinNewYork,LosAngelesInternational.”Nicola

idessaidthatif60percentoftravelershadcleanhands,thepossibilityofslowingaglobaldiseasewouldriseby69percent.Butevenifjust30percentoftravelersh

adcleanhands,thespreadofdiseasecoulddropby24percent.Hesaid,“Educatingthepublicisthemostimportant.”12．Whatki

ndofeffectdoesthecontagionhave?A．Flightsandshipsaretotallycanceled.B．Travellingcostsaregreatlyincrea

sed.C．Peopleworryaboutthesafetyoftravelling.D．Thedevelopmentofworldeconomyisstopped.13．Whatisthemaincauseoftheglobalspreadofthedis

ease?A．Peopletouchpublicfacilitieswithviruswhiletraveling.B．Thegovernmenttakeslittlenoticeofthedisease.C．Thegovernmentfailstocontrolthed

isease.D．Peopleareunawareoftheirsickness.14．Whatcanweinferfromearlierstudiesinthetext?A．30%ofpeopledon‟twashtheirhands.

B．Mostpeoplehavevisited“super-spreader”airports.C．Visitingairportsincreasestheriskofinfectingdiseases.D．Fewpeoplerealizerightwaysofwashingha

ndsafterusingatoilet.15．What‟sthemainideaofthistext?A．Expertsfindcorrectwaystowashhands.B．Washinghandshelpsstopspreadingcontagion

s.C．Contagionshavecausedresearchers‟greatconcern.D．Travellingbyplaneincreasesrisksofspreadingdisease.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。对传染的恐惧已

经限制了航空旅行，人们开始质疑坐船游玩的安全性。但一位专家表示，人们可以通过一件简单的事情来有效地保护自己和他人免受这种传染性病毒的感染：那就是洗手。文章对此进行了介绍。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Fearofthecontagion(传染病)hasrestricte

dairtravelandpeoplearequestioningthesafetyoftravelingonshipsforpleasure.(对传染的恐惧已经限制了航空旅行，人们开始质疑坐船游玩的安全性)可知，传染病让人们担心旅行的安全。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“

Theairtransportationnetworkisthemainpathwayforaglobaldiseasespread,”Nicolaidessaid.Tounderstandthis,thinkofallthet

hingsyouandothershandleatanairport.Whenpeoplecoughorsneeze,verysmalldropsofmucus(粘液)flythroughtheair.Theylandonsurf

acesofthingsthatotherpeoplehandle.(“航空运输网络是全球疾病传播的主要途径，”尼克莱德斯说。要理解这一点，想想你和其他人在机场处理的所有事情。当人们咳嗽或打喷嚏时，空气中会有非常小的粘液滴

。他们降落在别人处理的东西的表面)可推知，人们在旅行时接触了带有病毒的公共设施，这是该疾病在全球传播的主要原因。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的Earlierstudiesshowedthat70per

centofpeoplewashtheirhandsafterusingatoilet,butonlyaboutsevenpercentdoitcorrectly.(较早的研究显示，70%的人上完厕所

后会洗手，但只有7%的人能正确洗手)可推知，在早期研究中发现，很少有人意识到上厕所后洗手的正确方法。故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Butoneexpertsayspeoplecouldeffectivelyprotec

tthemselvesandothersfromtheinfectiousvirusbydoingonesimplething:washingtheirhands.(但一位专家表示，人们可以通过一件简单的事情来有效地保护自己和他人免受

这种传染性病毒的感染：那就是洗手)及下文的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了洗手有助于阻止传染病的传播。故选B。14.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三调研联考）PuttingMoviesonMobilesMoviesinthetheatergettheirrecognitionatawar

dsceremoniessuchastheOscars.Buthowaboutmoviesforphones?TheyaregettingtheirturnatMoFilm-thefirstmobilefilmfestival.ThefirstMoFilmcompetitionr

eceived250entriesfrommorethan100countries.Entrieswererestrictedtofilmsthatwerefiveminutesorlessinlength-bestforv

iewingandsharingonmobilephones.Anindependentteamofjudgesthenselectedashortlistoffivefilm-makers.Thewinnerwaschosenfromtheshortlistbyanaudiencevot

ingusingtheirphones.NewPlatformsTheawardshighlighttheincreasinginfluencethatmobilephonesareshowinginthee

ntertainmentindustry.Manygrassrootsfilmmakersstartoutwithshortfilms.Theyarethwartedbythelackofopportunitiestoscree

ntheirwork.Therefore,mobilephonesareincreasinglybeingseenasanewplatformfortheseshortworks.Itisagoodplacefor

anyonewhowantstoexpressthemselvesandfindawaytohavethatexpressionbeseenbyawideaudience.Justthinkabouthowmanypeople

havemobilephonesintheworld!NewTechnologyAdvancesMoFilmispioneeringcontentformobileandonlineservicest

hatisaworldawayfromHollywood.Themajorityoffilmsmadeformobilesarenowshortinlength,takingintoaccountthescreensize.Howeverthiscouldbeov

ercomeastechnologyadvances.Inthenearfuture,longerfilmswilllikelybeseenonthemobilephone.Andtherearemobilecompaniescreatingp

honeswhereuserscanwatchmoviesathigherquality.Whereveryouseemovies,onethingiscertain:thequalityofwork,thesimpleabi

lityatstorytelling，andthethingthatinspiressomeonetotellastorycanreallycomefromanywhere.21．Theunderlinedwor

d“thwarted”means“_____”.A．surprisedB．frightenedC．disappointedD．encouraged22．Nowadaysthemajorityoffilmsmadeformo

bilesareshortinlengthbecauseof_____.A．thescreensizeB．onlineservicesC．technologyadvancesD．themobilephone23．Wecanlearnfromthetext__

___.A．Itisimpossibletoseelongerfilmsonmobilephone.B．Mobilecompanieswillcreatingmorefilms.C．Thequalityworkcanonlybeseeni

nthetheater.D．ThequalityofworkcanalsobeseenfromMoFilms.【答案】21．C22．A23．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述手机电影开始亮相并且随着科学进步，手机上可以观看更

高质量的电影，手机在娱乐行业将更具影响力。21．词义猜测题。根据上文Manygrassrootsfilmmakersstartoutwithshortfilms.许多草根电影制作人都是从短片起步的，再根据下文bythelackofopportunitiestoscreent

heirwork由于缺少拍摄工作的机会，可知草根电影制片人受到挫折或感到失望，进而从开始拍摄短片电影开始，由此可以推断thwarted意为受挫的，同disappointed意思相近，故选C。22．细节理解题。根据文

章中的描述Themajorityoffilmsmadeformobilesarenowshortinlength,takingintoaccountthescreensize.考虑到屏幕尺寸，大多数手机电影的长

度都很短，由此可知，大多数手机电影很短是因为手机屏幕尺寸的问题，故选A。23．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Inthenearfuture,longerfilmswilllikelybeseenonthemobilephone.Andtherearemobilecompaniescreatin

gphoneswhereuserscanwatchmoviesathigherquality.在不久的将来，更长的电影可能会在手机上观看。还有一些移动公司正在开发手机，用户可以在手机上观看更高质量的电影，由此可以推断未来在手机上也可以看到高质量的电影，故选D。15.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三

调研联考）PigeonsinLondonhaveabadreputation.Somepeoplecallthemflyingrats.Andmanyblamethemforcausingpollut

ionwiththeirdroppings.Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioninthiscityof8.5million.“Theproble

mforairpollutionisthatit‟sbeenlargelyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksfortheLondo

n-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon‟trealizehowbaditis,andhowitactuallyaffectstheirhealth.„„London‟s

poorairqualityislinkedtonearly10,000earlydeathsayear.Leesays,citingreportreleasedbythecitymanagerlastyear,“Ifpeoplewerebetterinformedaboutthep

ollutionthey‟rebreathing,”shesays,”theycouldpressurethegovernmenttodosomethingaboutit.„„Nearby,onawindyhillinLondon‟sReg

ent‟sPark,anexperimentisunderwaythatcouldhelp-thefirstweekofflightsbythePigeonAirPatrol.ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorfo

rDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontestlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedusingTw

itter.Duquesnoy,fromFrance,chosetheproblemofairpollution.“Basically,Irealizedhowimportanttheproblemwas

,vhesays.“ButalsoIrealizedthatmostofthepeoplearoundmedidn‟tknowanythingaboutit.„„Duquesnoysayshewantstobettermeasurepollution,whileatthesametime

makingtheresultsaccessibletothepublicthroughTwitter.“So,“hewondered,“howcouldwegoacrossthecityquicklycollectingasmuchdataaspossible?”Drones(

无人驾驶飞机)werehisfirstthought.Butit‟sillegaltoflythemoverLondon.“ButpigeonscanflyaboveLondon,right?”hesays.“Theylive-actually?theyareLondonersaswell.S

o,yeah,Ithoughtaboutusingpigeonsequippedwithmobileapps.Andwecanusenotjuststreetpigeons,butracingpigeons,becausetheyflyprettyquicklyan

dprettylow.“SoitmightbetimeforLondonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Thebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoimprovethequalityofthecity

'sair.28．WhatcanweinferaboutLondon‟sairqualityfromparagraph2?A．Londonersareverysatisfiedwithit.B．Thego

vernmentistryingtoimproveit.C．Thegovernmenthasdonealottoimproveit.D．Londonersshouldpaymoreattentiontoit.29．DuquesnoyattendedtheLondonDesignFestival

to__.A．entertainLondonersB．solveaworldproblemC．designaproductforsaleD．protectanimalslikepigeons30．Why

didDuquesnoygiveupusingdronestoflyacrossLondon?A．BecausetheyaretooexpensiveB．Becausetheyflytooquickly.C．Becausetheyarefo

rbidden.D．Becausetheyflytoohigh.31．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．London‟sNewPollutionFighterB．London‟sDirtySec

retC．CleanAirinLondonD．CausesofAirPollutioninLondon【答案】28．D29．B30．C31．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述伦敦的空气污染越来越严重，Duquesnoy想到用鸽子帮助检测空气质量，引导人们关注空气污染问题的创意。

28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Theproblemforairpollutionisthatit‟sbeenlargelyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndrea

Lee,whoworksfortheLondon-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon‟trealizehowbaditis,andhowitactuallyaffect

stheirhealth.„„伦敦环境组织ClientEarth的AndreaLee说：“空气污染的问题是，它在很长一段时间里一直被忽视。人们没有意识到它有多糟糕，以及它如何影响他们的健康。”由此判断出，伦敦人应该更关注伦敦的空气质量。故选D。29．细节理解题。根据第三段

ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontestlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedus

ingTwitter.这一切都始于DigitasLBi营销公司的主管PierreDuquesnoy去年赢得了伦敦设计节比赛，以展示如何利用Twitter解决世界问题。可知，Duquesnay参加伦敦设计节是为了解决一个世界性的问题。故选B

。30．细节理解题。根据第五段Drones(无人驾驶飞机)werehisfirstthought.Butit‟sillegaltoflythemoverLondon.他的第一个想法是无人驾驶飞机，但把它们飞越伦敦是违法的。由此可知，Duquesnoy最初想用无人机飞跃伦敦检测空

气质量，但是因为市内禁止无人机飞行，所以他放弃了这个想法。故选C。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioninthiscityof8.5million.但现在这些鸟被用来对抗这个850万人口的城市的

另一种污染。和最后一段SoitmightbetimeforLondonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Thebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoimpro

vethequalityofthecity'sair.所以现在可能是时候让伦敦人更尊重他们的鸽子了。这些鸟可能正在帮助提高城市空气质量。根据这些关键句可知，Duquesnoy用鸽子检测空气质量、引导人们关注空气污染，鸽子成了伦敦新的环

保战士。A选项London‟sNewPollutionFighter伦敦新的环保战士，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选A。16.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）TheUniversityScienceLibraryTheUn

iversityScienceLibraryholdscollectionsinEngineering,Geography,LifeSciences,Management,MathematicalandPhysicalS

ciences.Self-servicefacilitiesareprovidedforborrowing,renewingandreturningoneweekandstandardloanbooks.Thereisals

oadedicatedself-serviceShortLoanCollectionforovernightloans.PrintjournalsarenotborrowableintheScienceLibrary.Borrowing,RenewingandMoreF

ourquickandeasytouseloansmachinesarelocatedintheLearningLaboratoryonthegroundfloor.JustscanthebarcodeonthebackofyourLibrarycardande

nteryourPINnumber(setinitiallyas4digits,DDMMofyourbirthday)toborrowandrenewyourbooks,tocheckreservations

andviewyourLibraryaccount.ReturningTheLearningLaboratoryalsohastwomachinesforreturningoneweekandstandardloanbooks(includingbooksbo

rrowedfromStore).Unlikeanordinarybookdrop,themachineswillclearthebooksfromyourLibraryaccountimmediately.Whenyouhave

returnedallofyourbooks,themachinewillproduceareceiptforyourrecords.Rememberthatyoucanreturnasmanybooksasyouwant,buto

nlyoneatatime.Short-loancollectionroomShortloanbooksarecurrentlystoredinthecafeonthegroundfloor.Pleaseusethemachineinthisroomtoborrowandreturnbooks.

CafeWehaveacafeonthegroundflooroftheScienceLibrarysellinghotandcolddrinksandcoldsnacks,butpleaserememberthateatingisnotpermittedinthere

adingroomsontheupperlevels.Openinghours:Monday:Openfrom08:45Tuesday—Friday:24houropeningSaturday:24houropeninguntil21:00Sunday:11:00-21:00(holdersof

theUniversityLibrarycardsonly)1．WhatsubjectmaynotbecoveredintheUniversityLibrary?A．Literature.B．Biology.C．Chemistry.D．Geography.2．Whichofth

efollowingstatementsisrightabouttheUniversityLibrary?A．Bothfoodandbooksaresoldinthecafe.B．Eatingisonlyallowedonthegroundfloor

oftheUniversityLibrary.C．AllthebooksandmagazinesintheUniversityLibrarycanbeborrowed.D．AllthebookscanbereturnedatatimebyusingthemachinesintheLearningL

aboratory.3．Ifyoudon‟thavetheUniversityLibrarycard,youcanNOTborrowbookson.A．SundayB．MondayC．ThursdayD．Saturday【答案】1．A2．B3．A【解析】本文是说明文。文章介

绍了大学科学图书馆的一些信息，包括藏书类别，自动借书还书和续借的程序，图书的分布，咖啡馆位置，开放时间等。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的TheUniversityScienceLibraryholdscollectionsinEngineer

ing,Geography,LifeSciences,Management,MathematicalandPhysicalSciences.可知，大学科学图书馆收藏了工程、地理、生命科学、管理、数学和物理科学方面的书籍。由此可知，大学科学图书馆没有收藏文学方面的书籍。故选

A。2．细节理解题。根据Cafe部分中的WehaveacafeonthegroundflooroftheScienceLibrarysellinghotandcolddrinksandcoldsnacks,butpleaserememberthate

atingisnotpermittedinthereadingroomsontheupperlevels.可知，我们在科学图书馆的一层有一个咖啡馆，出售冷热饮料和冷食，但是请记住，上层的阅览室是不允许吃东西的。由此可知，大学科学图书馆只允许在一楼吃东

西。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Openinghours部分Sunday:11:00-21:00(holdersoftheUniversityLibrarycardsonly)可知，星期日：11:00-21:00（只限持有大学图书证人士）。由此可知，没有大学图书证的人周日不能去，其他时间可以去

。故选A。17.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）Languageisperhapsthemostdistinctiveofhumancharacteristics,butitsevolutionremainsamystery.Ourcommunica

tionisenhancedbyturn—taking(轮流说话)—ortheorderlyexchangeofcommunicativesignals—whichhasbeenfoundtobelargelyuniversalacrosscultures.Butthisturn-takingbe

haviorisactuallywidespreadacrosstheanimalkingdom,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublishedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransactionsofthe

RoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.Inthestudy,theresearchersstressedthatoneofthemarksofturn-takingacrossallspeciesisfinetiming.Forexample,

insomespeciesofsongbird,thegapbetweenthecallsoftwodifferentbirdsisoftenlessthan50milliseconds.Ontheotherhand,commun

icationinsomespeciesismuchslower.Asforspermwhales,thegapbetweeneachvocalexchangeisaroundtwoseconds.Inhumans,the

reisusuallyagapofroughly200millisecondsbetweenturnsinaconversation.Whilemanystudieshavefocusedonturn-takingbehaviorinanima

ls,westillknowverylittleaboutit,partlybecausethereportsaresovariedthatlarge-scalecross-speciescomparisonisallbutimpossible,accordingtothe

researchers.“Overall,directcomparisonsofturn-takingskillsofnon-humananimalsinrelationtolanguageoriginsarehighlylimitedbylacko

fdata,theapplicationofdifferentterms,differentstudymethodsandstudyenvironments,theauthorswroteinthestudy.”Furthe

rmore,investigationshavesofarmainlybeenfocusingonsinglecalltypesorsongsofspecies,limitingadeeperunderstandingofthevariabilityofturning-taking

systemsfoundintheanimalkingdom.Inlightofthis,theresearchersproposedanewframeworkforfuturestudiesonturn-takingtomakecross-speciescompari

sonseasier.“Thegoaloftheframeworkistopromotelarge-scalecross-speciescomparisons”,KobinKendrick,fromtheUniversityofYork‟sDep

artmentofLanguageandLinguisticScience,saidinastatement.“Suchaframeworkwillallowresearcherstotracethehistoryofthisevolutionofremark

ableturn-takingbehaviorandsolveoldquestionsabouttheoriginsofhumanlanguage.”12．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Turn-takingbehaviorinallspeciesiswelltim

ed.B．Languageistheleastdistinctiveofhumancharacteristics.C．Thegapbetweenturnsinahumanconversationisab

outtwoseconds.D．Relativelyspeaking,thegapbetweenthecallsoftwobirdsislonger.13．Whatmakesthenon-humanani

mallanguagestudiesdifficultaccordingtothetext?a.Lackofdata.b.Lackofmoney.c.Variedreportsandstudies.d.Theapplicationofdifferentterms

.A．abcB．bcdC．abdD．acd14．Wecaninferfromthetextthat.A．cross-speciescomparisonisthehardesttostudyintheevolutionoflanguageB．turn-takinginanima

lcommunicationbetweenspeciesisdifficulttofindC．non-humanlanguagestudiesshouldbefocusedonsinglecalltypesD．theturn-takingbehaviorofanimalsiss

imilartothatofhumanbeings15．Whydidtheresearchersputforwardanewframework?A．Toencouragemorestudiesontheevolutionoft

urn-takingbehaviour.B．Tobuildalinkbetweenanimalcommunicationandhumanlanguage.C．Tomakelarge-scalecros

s-speciescomparisonsofturn-takingeasier.D．Toguideotherresearchersinhowtostudyanimalcommunication.【答案】12．A13．D14．D15．C【解析】本文是说

明文。研究发现轮流说话行为实际上在动物界也很普遍，动物的轮流说话行为与人类相似。但对动物语言的研究还存在许多困难，研究者们不断提出新方法来促进大规模的跨物种比较。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Butthisturn-takingbehaviorisac

tuallywidespreadacrosstheanimalkingdom,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublishedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoya

lSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.(但是，根据发表在《英国皇家学会哲学学报B：生物科学》上的一篇大规模研究综述，这种轮流的行为实际上在动物王国中很普遍)可知，这种轮流说话的行为实际上在动物界很普遍。再根据第二段中的Inthestudy,theresea

rchersstressedthatoneofthemarksofturn-takingacrossallspeciesisfinetiming.(在这项研究中，研究人员强调，所有物种轮流的标志之一是良好的时机)并列举了鸣鸟、抹香鲸和人类声音间隔的例子。由此

可知，所有物种的轮流说话行为都是有定时性的。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，报告差异很大，缺乏数据，不同术语的运用加剧了非人类动物语言研究的困难。缺乏资金未提到。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Butthisturn

-takingbehaviorisactuallywidespreadacrosstheanimalkingdom,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublis

hedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.(但是，根据发表在《英国皇家学会哲学学报B：生物科学》上的一篇大规模

研究综述，这种轮流的行为实际上在动物王国中很普遍)可知，这种轮流说话的行为实际上在动物界很普遍。再根据第二段中的Inthestudy,theresearchersstressedthatoneofthemarksofturn-takingacrossallspeciesisfineti

ming.(在这项研究中，研究人员强调，所有物种轮流的标志之一是良好的时机)可知，定时性是所有物种轮流说话行为的标志之一。由此推知，动物的轮流说话行为与人类相似。故选D。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I

nlightofthis,theresearchersproposedanewframeworkforfuturestudiesonturn-takingtomakecross-speciescomp

arisonseasier.“Thegoaloftheframeworkistopromotelarge-scalecross-speciescomparisons”(鉴于此，研究人员提出了一个新的框架，未来的研究转向，使跨物种比较更容易。“该框架的目标是促进大规模的跨物种比较”

)可知，研究人员提出的一个未来研究的新框架的目标是促进大规模的跨物种比较。故选C。18.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）Thedrivercutsyouoffintraffic.Theneighborsdon‟tpickupaftertheirdog.Th

einsurancecompanykeepsyouwaitingendlessly.Situationssuchasthesegetourheartsracing.Angerisn‟tapleasantfeeling.Someofus

controltheemotion,whileothersexplodeinawildrage.Bothhabitsaffectourbodies,ourminds,andourrelationships.Angermayfeeluncomfortable,butit‟s

alsonormalandhealthy.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyhavetogetridoftheiranger,”saysPatrick,apsychologistinCalgary.“Butangerisa

nemotionbuiltintoustosignalthatsomethingneedstobesolved.”Whenwetakenoticeofthatsignalandactuallyrealizetheprobleminsteadofignoringit

,we‟reusuallymuchbetterforit.Unfortunately,manyofushavebeenconditionedtohideouremotions.Researchsuggeststhatthiscanhavelong-termeffectsonour

health.Investigatorsshowthatpeoplewhosuppresstheiremotionstendtohaveshorterlifespans.They‟remorelike

lytodieearlierfromcancer,forexample.Whenweareangry,stresshormones(荷尔蒙)arereleased,whichcanmakeusdevelopawiderangeofdisease

s,includingdiabetesanddepression.Isitbetter,then,toscreamwheneversomethingmakesyoumad?That‟sthetheorybehindthe“ragerooms”thathaveappearedinma

nyAmericancities,wherefolksareinvitedtoexpresstheirangerbyviolentlyhittingstuffina“safe”environment.

“Buttheresearchindicatesthatwhenwedisplayourangeraggressively,itcanactuallyincreasetheintensityoftheange

r—andincreasethelikelihoodofaggressiveactionsinthefuture.”saysKeelan.Itdoesn‟ttakemuchimaginationtopredicthowangercanaffectyourrelatio

nshipswithyourwivesorhusbands,yourkids,oryourcoworkers.Italsohurtsyourhealth.8．Whatsituationmaymakepeopleangry?A．Neighborspickuptheirdogs‟

waste.B．Theinsurancecompanytimelyoffersservice.C．Adriverdoesn‟twaitforhisturn.D．Astrangerhelpswhenpeoplegetlost.9．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Peop

leshouldtrytheirbesttocontroltheiremotion.B．Angerdoesgoodtoourhealthsometimes.C．Angrypeopleneverreleasestresshormones.D．Angerisanemotionsignaling

somethinghasbeensolved.10．Whatdoestheunlinedword“suppress”inPara.3mean?A．affectB．developC．controlD．display11．Howdoesthewriterexpresshisvie

wpoint?A．Subjectively.B．Pessimistically.C．Indifferently.D．Objectively.【答案】8．C9．B10．C11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章客观地

分析了生气对人健康造成的影响。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中Thedrivercutsyouoffintraffic.Theneighborsdon‟tpickupaftertheirdog.Theinsurancecompanykeepsyouwaitingendlessly.Sit

uationssuchasthesegetourheartsracing.“司机挡住了你的去路。邻居们不收拾他们的狗。保险公司让你等个不停。这样的情况让我们心跳加速。”由此判断出，C项Adriverdoesn‟tw

aitforhisturn.（司机不会等着轮到自己。）的这种境况会使人们生气。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中第一句Angermayfeeluncomfortable,butit‟salsonormalandhealthy.“愤怒可能会让人感觉不舒服，但这也是正常和健康的。”由此可知

，愤怒有时对我们的健康有益。故选B。10．词义猜测题。根据第三段中Unfortunately,manyofushavebeenconditionedtohideouremotions.Researchsuggeststhatthiscanhavelong-termeffectsonourhe

alth.“不幸的是，我们很多人都习惯于隐藏自己的情绪。研究表明，这可能会对我们的健康产生长期影响。”由此可知，Investigatorsshowthatpeoplewhosuppresstheiremotionstendtohavesh

orterlifespans.“研究人员表明，压抑情绪的人往往寿命较短。”所以划线词的意思是“控制”。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Angermayfeeluncomfortable,butit

‟salsonormalandhealthy.“愤怒可能会让人感觉不舒服，但这也是正常和健康的。”和第三段第一句Unfortunately,manyofushavebeenconditionedtohideouremotions.“不幸的是，我们很多人都习惯于隐藏自己

的情绪。”由此可知，作者“客观地”表达自己的观点。故选D。19.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）Scientistshavelongbeendoingresearchondolphinsandhavemadevariousinterestingdiscoveries.RecentlyAna

CostaattheUniversityofGlasgowintheUKandherteamhavefoundsomethingnewaboutonetypeofdolphins—Bottlenosedolphins.Bottl

enosedolphinscanbefoundinmildandtropicalwatersthroughouttheworld.Theyprefercoastalwatersthatarewarmandshallow.However,Costafoundbottle

nosedolphinsinSouthAmericamaybeseparatedintotwodifferentspecies,thankstovaryinghabitatsbetweentwogroupsofth

eanimal.AlongthecoastlinesofsouthernBrazil,UruguayandArgentinaintheSouthAtlanticOcean,commonbottlenosedolphinsthatliven

eartheshoredon‟tlooklikethosethatarefurtherouttosea.Theyarelonger,lighterandhaveatriangularbackfin,unliketheoffshoredolphins‟shorterbodies,darkerskin

andhookedbackfins.Apartfromthedifferencesmentionedabove,thetwokindsofcommonbottlenosedolphinalsolivedifferentlyfromoneanother.Thosenearthecoastfor

msmallgroupsinbaysandmouthofriversanddon‟tgotoofarfromhome,whilethoseoffshoreliveinpodsofhundredsandmovefromtimetotimeandseldomstayatthes

ameplace.WhenAnaCostaandherteamlookedatthedolphins‟boneframework,theyfoundstillmoredifferences:theoffshoredolphinshadshorterandmoreplent

ifulvertebrae(脊椎)thanthecoastalvariety.Costaandhercolleaguescollectedmorethan250tissuesamplesfromcommonb

ottlenosedolphinsofbothgroupsoffBrazil‟scoastandanalyzedtheDNA．Theresultssuggestthedolphinsmaybegoingdowndifferentevolu

tionarypaths,separatingintotwospecies.Thegeneticanalysisfounddifferencesinasmallportionofthedolphins‟genomes(基因组)thatexperiencefastratesof

changeoverevolutionarytime.“Allthefindingssofararedemonstratingthatweareobservingtwodolphingroupsintheprocessofspeciation,”saysCosta.Des

pitethoseresearches,sofarscientistsstillcan‟tfigureouttheexactdataoftheexistingbottlenosedolphins.Costaandherteamareoptimisticthato

nedaytheywillbeabletosolvethepuzzleandhelpsavetheseendangeredanimals.12．What‟sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A．Thedifferencesbetweentwobottle

nosespecies.B．Theappearanceofbottlenosedolphins.C．Thelivinghabitatsofbottlenosedolphins.D．Thecausesleadingtothedifferences.13

．Whatmaycausebottlenosedolphinstoseparateintotwospecies?A．Theirlength.B．Theirweight.C．Theirvertebrae.D．Theirevolutionarypaths.14．Whatcanw

econcludefromthepassage?A．Allbottlenosedolphinslivenearthecoastandhavesimilarhabits.B．ThediscoveryofCostamaymakeadifferencetobot

tlenosedolphins.C．Bottlenosedolphinsoftenprefertoliveincoldwatersthataredeep.D．Thesetwodolphinspeciesarenotsocialandliveindiv

idually.15．Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A．Anendangeredanimal—dolphins.B．Costa‟snewdiscoveryaboutbottlenos

edolphins.C．Thelivingenvironmentofbottlenosedolphins.D．TheimportanceofCosta‟snewdiscovery.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍科斯塔关于宽吻

海豚的新发现。12．段落大意题。根据第二段中CostafoundbottlenosedolphinsinSouthAmericamaybeseparatedintotwodifferentspecies,thankstovaryinghabitatsbet

weentwogroupsoftheanimal.“科斯塔发现，南美洲的宽吻海豚可能被分成两个不同的物种，这是由于两组海豚的栖息地不同所致。”和Apartfromthedifferencesmentionedabove,t

hetwokindsofcommonbottlenosedolphinalsolivedifferentlyfromoneanother.“除了上述的不同之外，这两种常见的宽吻海豚的生活方式也各不相同。”由此可知，第二段讲述的是“

两种宽吻海豚的区别。”故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中Theresultssuggestthedolphinsmaybegoingdowndifferentevolutionarypaths,separatingintotwo

species.“结果表明，海豚可能沿着不同的进化路径，分成两个物种。”由此可知，它们的进化路径可能导致宽吻海豚分裂成两个物种。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第最后一段Despitethoseresearches,sof

arscientistsstillcan‟tfigureouttheexactdataoftheexistingbottlenosedolphins.Costaandherteamareoptimisticthato

nedaytheywillbeabletosolvethepuzzleandhelpsavetheseendangeredanimals.“尽管进行了这些研究，科学家们至今仍不能找出现存宽吻海豚的确切数据。科斯塔和她的团队乐观地认为，总有一天他们能够解开这个谜题，帮助拯救这些濒临灭绝的动

物。”由此判断出，科斯塔的发现可能会对宽吻海豚产生影响。故选B。15．主旨大意题。题。根据第一段Scientistshavelongbeendoingresearchondolphinsandhavemadevariousinterestingdiscoveries.RecentlyAn

aCostaattheUniversityofGlasgowintheUKandherteamhavefoundsomethingnewaboutonetypeofdolphins—Bottlenosedolphins.“科学家们

长期以来一直在研究海豚，并有了各种有趣的发现。最近，英国格拉斯哥大学的安娜·科斯塔和她的团队发现了一种新的海豚——宽吻海豚。”由此判断出，这篇文章介绍科斯塔关于宽吻海豚的新发现。故选B。20.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）Modemar

chitecturehasbroughtmanyamazingbuildingstotheworld.Herearesomeofthestrangestbuildingsintheworld.Habitat67,

Montreal,CanadaHabitat67isaveryinterestingarrangementofcubes,whichlookslikethebuildingblocksthatchildrenplaywith.Itisprettyinterestinghow

itwasdesigned.Initsmaterialsense,thecubeisasymbolofstability.Itlookssooriginalandatthesametimecomfortableforli

ving.ItwascreatedasamainattractionforExpo67,oneoftheworld‟slargestuniversalexpositions(博览会)wherehousingwasoneofthemainthemes.TheBasketBuildin

g,Ohio,UnitedStatesTheLongabergerBasketCompanybuildinginNewark,Ohiomightjustbeastrangestofficebuildingintheworld.T

he180,000-square-footbuilding,acopyofthecompany‟sfamousmarketbasket,cost$30millionandtooktwoyearstocomplete.M

anyexpertstriedtopersuadeDaveLongabergertochangehisplans,buthewantedanexactcopyoftherealthing.TheCrookedHouse,Sopot,PolandFinishedin2003

,theCrookedHousehasanextraordinaryandamazingstructure.ItsdesignwasbasedonthepicturesofpolishartistJanMarcinSzancerandSwedishpainterPerDahl

berg.Itlooksasifithadbeentakenfromacartoon:Thebuildinglinesarenotstraight,buttheyarebalanced,sothehouseisnotuglyatall,juststrange!Theintere

stingpartishowbuildersmanagedtocreatethisgeniusidea,butthehouseisafactandeveryoneadmirestheircreativity.LaPedrera,SpainItissituatedintheEixampledi

strictofBarcelona,Catalonia,Spain.Thestoryofthehouseisprettyinteresting.ThehousewasdesignedbyAntoniGaudiandbuiltforamarriedcouple.Itisanextraordi

narybutstylishbuildingconsideredtobehighlyunconventional-thereisnotevenonestraightline!1．Whichofthebuildingsaboveisassociatedwithatoy?A．Ha

bitat67.B．TheBasketBuilding.C．TheCrookedHouse.D．LaPedrera.2．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBasketBuilding?A．Itwasbuiltforexhibi

tion.B．Itwasdesignedfollowingthepictures.C．Itwasconstructedaccordingtoitsoriginaldesign.D．Itmightbethestrange

stofficebuildingintheworld.3．WhatdotheCrookedHouseandLaPedrerahaveincommon?A．Theybothlookveryugly.B．TheyarebuiltbyAntoniG

audiC．Theirdesignpatternsarecommon.D．Theirconstructionlinesarebent.【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个令

人惊奇的现代建筑。1．细节理解题。根据Habitat67,Montreal,Canada中Habitat67isaveryinterestingarrangementofcubes,whichlookslikethebuildingblocksthatchildrenplaywith.(Hab

itat67是一个非常有趣的立方体排列，它看起来像孩子们玩的积木)可知，Habitat67与玩具有关。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据TheBasketBuilding,Ohio,UnitedStates中的Manyexpertstriedtopers

uadeDaveLongabergertochangehisplans,buthewantedanexactcopyoftherealthing.(许多专家试图说服DaveLongaberger改变他的计划，但他想要的是真货的一模一样的复制品)可知，这个建筑物

是根据最初的设计建造的。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据TheCrookedHouse,Sopot,Poland中的Itlooksasifithadbeentakenfromacartoon:Thebuildin

glinesarenotstraight,buttheyarebalanced,sothehouseisnotuglyatall,juststrange!(它看起来就像从一幅漫画：建筑的线条不直，但它们是平衡的，所以房子一点也不丑，只是奇怪！)和LaPedrera,Spain中的Itisa

nextraordinarybutstylishbuildingconsideredtobehighlyunconventional-thereisnotevenonestraightline!(这是一座非凡而时尚的建筑，被认为是非常

不寻常的——甚至没有一条直线！)可知，这两个建筑物的共同点都没有用直线设计。故选D。21.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）Aseriousandwidespreaddesertlocustoutbreakin

somepartsofSomalia,Kenya,Ethiopia,SudanandEritreahascausedpanicintheagricultureandaviationsectors.Theinva

sion,whichhaslastedforoveramonthdespiteeffortsbyrespectivegovernmentstocontrolit,hasledtothedestruction

ofcropsandpastures(牧场)threateningfoodsecurityintheregiondespiteapromisingharvestfollowingsuccessfulrainfall.Th

eoutbreakhasalsocausedpanicintheaviationsector,followingarecentincidentwhereanEthiopianAirlinepassen

gerplanewasforcedbyaswarm(群)oflocuststodivertfromlandinginDireDawnAirportineast-centralEthiopiatoBoleInternationalAirportinEt

hiopia‟scapitalAddisAbaba.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationorFAO,aspecializedagencyoftheUnitedNationsthatleadsinternationalef

fortstodefeathungerandimprovenutritionandfoodsecurity,thepresentoutbreakistheworstin25years.TheUNagencyattrib

utedtheinvasiontounusualweatherandclimateconditions,includingheavyandwidespreadrainssinceOctober2019.Itwarnedafurtherincr

easeinlocustswarmsislikelytocontinueuntilJuneduetothecontinuationoffavorableecologicalconditionsforlocu

stbreeding.Thelocustshavealreadydestroyed175,000acresoffarmlandinSomaliaandEthiopia,accordingtotheFAO.Thedesertlocu

stisthemostdangerousofthenearlyonedozenspeciesoflocusts.Atypicaldesertlocustswarmcancontainupto150millionlocustspersquareki

lometer,accordingtotheIGAD．Anaverageswarmcandestroyasmanyfoodcropsinadayasissufficienttofeed2,500people.8．Whatistheresultofthedesertlocustoutb

reakonEastAfrica?A．Ithasledtoadiseaseoutbreak.B．Ithascausedtheweathertochange.C．Ithascreatedfearinagricultureandaviation.D．Ithasthreatenedthesafetyo

fthepeoplethere.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“divert”inParagraph3mean?A．Takeadifferentroute.B．Takeofff

romanairport.C．Splitofffromanewplace.D．Slideawayfromsomewhere.10．Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesertlocustoutbreakaccordingto

theUNagency?A．Locustbreedingisslowerandslower.B．Therewillpossiblybeadecreaseinlocustswarms.C．Itisrelatedtounusualweatherandclimatecondi

tions.D．Theecologicalconditionsarebadforlocustbreeding.11．Howdoestheauthorprovethedesertlocustisthemostdangerousofthelocustspecies?A．Byd

escribingaprocess.B．Bycomparison.C．Bystatistics.D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.【答案】8．C9．A10．C11．C【解析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章

讲述的是沙漠蝗虫肆虐，对于一些国家的农业和航空也造成危害。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容AseriousandwidespreaddesertlocustoutbreakinsomepartsofSomalia,Kenya,Ethiopia,SudanandEri

treahascausedpanicintheagricultureandaviationsectors.(在索马里、肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、苏丹和厄立特里亚的一些地区发生了严重和广泛的沙漠蝗虫疫情，在农业和航空部门造成了恐慌)可知，

东非沙漠蝗虫的爆发给农业和航空业带来了恐慌。故选C。9．词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句中前后部分可以了解到：蝗虫的爆发也在航空业中导致恐慌，一架埃塞俄比亚的客机被迫改变航线，原本从DireDawnAir

port机场降落改为在BoleInternationalAirport降落。由此可知，划线词的意思是“走另一条路。”故选A。10．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的TheUNagencyattributedtheinvasion

tounusualweatherandclimateconditions,includingheavyandwidespreadrainssinceOctober2019.(联合国机构将入侵归咎于不寻常的天气和气候条件，包括自

2019年10月以来的大雨和大范围降雨)可知，根据联合国机构，沙漠蝗虫的爆发与不寻常的天气和气候条件有关。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段Thedesertlocustisthemostdangerousofthenearlyonedozens

peciesoflocusts.Atypicaldesertlocustswarmcancontainupto150millionlocustspersquarekilometer,accordingtotheIGAD.Anaverageswarmcandestroy

asmanyfoodcropsinadayasissufficienttofeed2,500people.(沙漠蝗虫是近12种蝗虫中最危险的一种。根据东非政府间发展组织的数据，一个典型的沙漠蝗群每平方公里可容纳多达1.5亿蝗虫。一个普通的

蜂群一天能摧毁多达2500人的粮食作物。”作者列举了一个典型的沙漠蝗群每平方公里可以容纳1.5亿只蝗虫。一个普通的沙漠蝗群一天可以摧毁足够供给2500人的粮食作物)可知，作者通过数据来说明沙漠蝗虫是危害最大的蝗种。故选C。22.（2020届湖南省永州市高三

第三次模拟）TerraCycleisacompanythathasrecycledandupcycled(升级改造)justaboutanygarbageitcangetitshandson.Itupcyclesthingslikepensandmarkersintodustbi

nsandpicnictablesandcigaretteendsintorailroadties.Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbag

eGreat:TheTerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.Thebookispartwake-upcall,parthistorylesson,parthow-to,andpartDIYartsandcraftsinstruction.Ina

nefforttohelppeopledowhattheycantocurbtheircontributiontothetonsofwastecreatedeveryday,MakeGarbageGreat

givesthehistoryofvariousmaterials,discusseswhythosevariousmaterialsareaproblem,andgivestipsandDIYprojectstorecycleorupcy

cleeachmaterial.Thereisachaptereachonplastics,metals,paper,glass,wood,rubberandorganics.Eachchapterisfilledwithto

nsoftipsandideasforreducingtheamountofwasteyoucreateandforresponsiblyhandlingthewasteyouendupcreatinginyourhome.Ifyou‟reaconsciousconsumer,someofthe

informationyoumayalreadyknow,buttherearealsotipsinthisbookthatwillhelpyourecyclemorethanyouthoughtyouwereableto.Ithasinformationonwhereyo

ucantakeoldsneakers,pillows,andallthatelectronicwastethatseemstopileupquickerandquickereachyear.Whetherthebookinspiresy

outogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothinkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedab

outtheamountofwasteourculturecreateswillfindsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It‟sprintedontree-freepaperandisa

reminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.12．Whatisthebookintendedtodo?A．Toadvertis

eforthecompany.B．Tohelpfamiliesmakemoney.C．Toinstructpeopletolearnarts.D．Tohelpfamiliesreducewaste.13．Whatcanwekn

owaboutthebook?A．Itisintendedforhousewives.B．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C．Itiswellreceivedallovertheworld.D．Itisnotdifferentfr

omotherpaperbooks.14．Whatdoestheauthor‟sattitudetowardsthebook?A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.15．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthete

xt?A．LiveAMoreHealthyLife?B．WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?C．TerraCycle—AResponsibleCompanyD．MakeGarbageGreat—AKeytoSuccess【答案】12．D13．B14．A1

5．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于垃圾回收和升级改造的TerraCycle公司为了帮助人们减少生活垃圾而出版了一本书，书中介绍了一些关于对废弃物品重新再利用的方法。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now,TerraCyclewantstohel

pfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:TheTerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.(现在，TerraCycle希望通过一

本新书《让垃圾变得伟大：TerraCycle家庭零废物生活指南》来帮助家庭减少浪费)可知，这本书的目的是为了帮助家庭减少浪费。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的后两句Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It‟sprintedontr

ee-freepaperandisareminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.(甚至实体书本身也有一些灵感。它印在没有树

木的纸上，提醒我们通常有一个可持续的选择来替代我们浪费的许多产品)可知，这本书的用纸不是由树制成的，这本书是环保的。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据全文尤其最后一段作者的描述Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittl

ecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothinkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheam

ountofwasteourculturecreateswillfindsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.(无论这本书是鼓励你在处理废物方面变得更聪明一点，还是只是鼓

励你在买东西或扔东西之前思考一下，任何关心我们的文化造成的废物的人都会在这里找到一些想法。甚至实体书本身也有一些启发)可以看出，作者对这本书的态度是积极肯定的。故选A。15．主旨大意题。本文主要内容是帮助人们减少生活垃圾和对废物

的重新利用的方法。由此可知，B.WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?(想要零废物的生活方式吗？)可以体现文章的中心，适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。23.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）Whenyoustartworkingonsome

thingbutdon‟tfinishit,thoughtsoftheunfinishedworkcontinuetojumpintoyourmindevenwhenyou‟vemovedontootherthings.Psyc

hologistsrefertothispsychologicalphenomenonastheZeigarnikeffect.TheeffectwasfirstobservedbyaRussianpsychologistnamedBlumaZeigarnik.While

sittinginabusyrestaurantinVienna,shenotedthewaitershadbettermemoriesofunpaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,

thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexactdetailsoftheorders.Inoneofherstudies,participantswereaskedtoc

ompletesimpletaskssuchasputtingtogetherpuzzles,orsolvingmathproblems.Halfoftheparticipantswereinterruptedhalf

waythroughthesetasks.Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey‟dbeenworkingon.Shediscoveredthatthosewhohadtheir

workinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytorememberwhattheyhadbeendoingasthosewhohadactuallycompletedthetasks.Wecanusethiseffecttoouradva

ntage.Forexample,ifyou‟restrugglingtomemorizesomethingimportant,momentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthans

implyremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesandthentakeabreak.Whileyou‟refocusingonotherthings,

you‟llfindyourselfmentallyreturningtotheinformationyouwerestudying.Weoftenputofftasksuntilthelastmoment,onlycomplet

ingtheminarushatthelastpossiblemoment.Unfortunately,thistendencycanleadtoheavystressandevenpoorperformance.Onewaytoovercomethisistoput

theZeigarnikeffecttowork.Startbytakingthefirststep,nomatterhowsmall.Onceyou‟vebegun，butnotfinishedyourwork,you‟llfindyourselfthinkin

gofthetaskuntil,atlast,youfinishit.Youmightnotfinishitallatonce,buteachsmallstepyoutakeputsyouclosertoyourfinalgoal.8．Whatdoes

theZeigarnikeffectreferto?A．Waiterstendtohavegoodmemories.B．Onceinterrupted,onewillforgetthingseasily.C．Mostpeoplecan‟tfocu

sononethingforalongtime.D．Peoplerememberunfinishedtasksbetterthancompletedones.9．Whatwerealltheparticipantsre

quiredtodointhestudy?A．Describetheirtasks.B．Expresstheirfeelings.C．Testtheirintelligence.D．Designsimpleactivities.10．Howsh

ouldwestudyaccordingtotheZeigarnikeffect?A．Repeatoverandoveragain.B．Divideupourstudysession.C．Focusonseveraltasksatatime.D．Havee

noughrestbeforestudying.11．What‟sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Howtogetridofheavystress.B．Whyweshoulds

etafinalgoal.C．Howtobreakthehabitofdelayingwork.D．Whywealwayscompletetasksinarush.【答案】8．D9．A10．B11．C【解析】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一种

常见的心理现象—蔡加尼克效应。这种心理现象对我们的生活与学习有诸多启示。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中WhilesittinginabusyrestaurantinVienna,shenotedthewaitershadbettermemoriesofu

npaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexactdetailsoftheorders.(当她坐在维也纳一家繁忙的餐馆里时，她注意到服务员对未付订单有更好的记忆。然而，一

旦账单被支付，服务员就很难记住订单的确切细节。)和第二段的Shediscoveredthatthosewhohadtheirworkinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytoreme

mberwhattheyhadbeendoingasthosewhohadactuallycompletedthetasks.(她发现，那些工作被打断的人比那些实际完成任务的人更有可能记住他们所做的事情)可推断，蔡加尼克效应指人们对于尚未处理完的事比

已处理完成的事情印象更加深刻。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey‟dbeenworkingon.可知，Zei

garnik要求参与者描述他们一直在做什么。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的ifyou‟restrugglingtomemorizesomethingimportant,momentaryinter

ruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthansimpleremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesandthentake

abreak.（如果你在努力记住一些重要的东西，短暂的中断实际上可能对你有利。不是简单地一遍又一遍地记住信息，而是复习几遍，然后休息一下.）可推断，我们应该分几个时间段学习。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的Onewaytooverc

omethisistoputtheZeigarnikeffecttowork.（克服这一问题的一种方法是使蔡加尼克效应发挥作用。）以及下文讲述的实施过程可知，本段主要告诉我们如何有效利用蔡加尼克效应来改善拖延症。故选C。24.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）We

'vecertainlyseenadognursingawound,oradeercallingoutinpain.Butmanyanimalssufferinsilence.Themostsilent

sufferersintheanimalworldmaybefish.Dofishfeelpain?AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofLiverpoolhasfoundthatfishfeelpaininawaythat's"str

ikinglysimilar"tohumans.Forthestudy,LynneSneddon,fromtheuniversity'sInstituteofIntegrativeBiology,revi

ewedtheexistingbodyofresearch98studiesinallandconcludedthattheyfeelpainjustassharplyaswedo."Whensubjecttoapotentiallypainfuleve

nt,fishshowchangesinbehaviorsuchasstoppingfeedingandreducedactivity,whicharepreventedwhenapain-relievi

ngdrugisprovided.Infact,likeus,theybreatheheavilyandstopeatingwhenthey'rehurting.Theywillevenrubthepartoftheirbodythataches."Sneddonnotesi

nauniversityrelease.Tounderstandpaininotherspecies,scientistslookatnociceptors(疼痛感受器),whichsendsignalstothebrainwhenthebodyisbeingda

maged.Humanshavethemthroughouttheirskin,bonesandmuscles.Nociceptorshavealsobeenfoundinmanyotherspecies,includ

ingeventhosetinyfruitflies.Fishhavethesamemeanstodetectpainsignalsandtheequipmenttoreceivethem.Besides,thefishermen'sopiniont

hatfishfeelnopainjustdoesn'taddupfromanevolutionaryview.Painisanefficientmessengerthattells,usthatwe'vegotaproblem.Ananim

althatcan'tfeelitwon'tgetthatmemo(ER),evenifithurtsitself."Ifweacceptfishexperiencepain,thenthishasgreatsignificanceforhowwetre

atthem,"Sneddonsays."Careshouldbetakenwhenhandlingfishtoavoiddamagingtheirssensitiveskinandtheyshouldbehumanelycaughtandkilled."12

．Whatcanwelearnaboutfish?A．Theyareinsensitivetopain.B．Theyareabletosensepain.C．Theywon'treacttopainkillers.D．Theirbrainisthefirsttosendpainsignals

.13．Whatwillafishdowhenitslipsgethurt?A．Itmightrubitslips.B．Itwillkeepitsmouthopen.C．Itwillswimaroundli

kecrazy.D．Itwillkeepeatingtoforgetpain.14．WhatisthesignificanceofthestudyaccordingtoSneddon?A．Peoplewilltreatfis

hinakinderway.B．Peoplecanunderstandevolutionbetter.C．Peoplecandevelopmoredrugstosavefish.D．Peoplewillthinkofmorewaystocatchfish.15

．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"addup"probablymean?A．Disappear.B．Putforward.C．Makesense.D．Happen.【答案】12．B13．A14．A15．C【解析】这是

一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，研究表明鱼可以感觉疼痛，鱼感到疼痛后做法与人相似，会停止进食和减少活动；科学家们观察了其它物种疼痛感受器，了解了疼痛感受器是如何运作的，Sneddon呼吁人们人道主义地对待鱼。12．细节理解题。由第二段的句子“Forthestudy,

LynneSneddon,fromtheuniversity'sInstituteofIntegrativeBiology,reviewedtheexistingbodyofresearch98studiesinall

andconcludedthattheyfeelpainjustassharplyaswedo.”可知，在这项研究中，从现有的98项研究得出结论，鱼类和我们一样感到疼痛，说明鱼能感受疼痛，B项切题，A项排除；由第三段的句

子“Whensubjecttoapotentiallypainfulevent,fishshowchangesinbehaviorsuchasstoppingfeedingandreducedactivity,whicharepreventedwhenapain-relievingdrugisp

rovided.”可知，鱼受伤会停止进食和减少活动，而当提供止痛药物时，这些都会被阻止，所以对止疼药有反应，排除C项；由第四段的第一句“Tounderstandpaininotherspecies,scientistslookatnoci

ceptors(疼痛感受器),whichsendsignalstothebrainwhenthebodyisbeingdamaged.”可知，当身体受到损伤时，疼痛感受器会向大脑发送信号，不是大脑发送的，排除D项。故选B项。13．推理判断题。由第三段地句子“Infac

t,likeus,theybreatheheavilyandstopeatingwhenthey'rehurting.Theywillevenrubthepartoftheirbodythataches.”可知，鱼受伤时和我们一样，呼吸沉重，停止进食，甚至

会摩擦身体疼痛的部位，可以推理出鱼的嘴唇受伤时鱼会摩擦自己的嘴唇。故选A项。14．推理判断题。由最后一段“"Ifweacceptfishexperiencepain,thenthishasgreatsignificanceforhowwetreatt

hem,"Sneddonsays."Careshouldbetakenwhenhandlingfishtoavoiddamagingtheirssensitiveskinandtheyshouldbehumanelycaughtan

dkilled."”可知，Sneddon说：“如果我们接受鱼的痛苦，那么这对我们如何对待它们有着重要意义。”在处理鱼类时应小心，避免损坏它们敏感的皮肤，并应人道地捕获和杀死它们。”说明研究鱼会让我们更小心地对待鱼，尽量避免鱼感受痛苦。故选

A项。15．词句猜测题。addup本意意为“相加、合乎情理、说得通、积少成多”。由倒数第二段的句子“Besides,thefishermen'sopinionthatfishfeelnopainjustdoesn'taddupfromanevolutionaryview.”

可知，另外，渔民们认为鱼不会感到疼痛的观点，从进化论的角度说不通，所以addup在此处意为makesense（说得通）。故选C项。25.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）TheWorlds'BestBookshopsThere'snothinglikebeingsurr

oundedbybooks，whereveryouare．Herearethefinestoasesofliteraturethattravellerscanbringyou．DaikanyamaT﹣site|TokyoItiswellworthvisitingevenif

justtoadmirethebuilding'sbeautiful，crisscrossedarchitecture．Onceyou'vehadyourfillofroamingthreefloors'worthofbookshelves

，there'sthebar，thecoffeeshop，oreventhevideorentalspacetogiveyoumorereasontostayjustthatlittlebitlonger．Grababook，orderabeeranddiveintoitspages．Icoul

dhavestayedhourshere．CityLights|SanFranciscoThethree﹣storeyestablishmentpublishesandsellstitlesinpoetry，fiction，t

ranslation，politics，historyandthearts．Ithostseventsandreadings，andrunsanon﹣profitofthesamenamethataimstop

romotediversityofvoicesandideasinliterature．It'soppositeVesuvio，abarfrequentedbyKerouacandotherBeat﹣generationwritersand

artists．ShakespeareandCompany|ParisImadeaspecialtriptotheLeftBankforthisonewhenIwasinParis．IthastwofloorspackedwithEnglish﹣languagetexts，

andIwasparticularlystruckbyanysparewallspacedevotedtonotesfromvisitors﹣heartfeltmessagestoalovedone，dedicationstotheshop

itself，oraquotefromafavouriteauthororphilosopher．HutatmaChowk|MumbaiAfewyearsagoIvisitedIndia，invest

igatingRudyardKipling'sconnectionswiththecountry．IspottedacheapcopyofTheJungleBookononeofthetarp﹣coveredbookstallsatHutatm

aChowk（Martyrs'Square）．Thebooksellersherearelikeamateurlibrarians，abletolaytheirhandsonalmostanytitleyouaskfor．Tome，thosewell﹣thumbed（翻旧

了的）booksspokevolumesaboutthechangesofMumbai'sreadersinthe150yearssincethecitygaveusKipling．1．Inwhichbookshopcanyoubuyadrinkwhi

levisiting？A．DaikanyamaT﹣site.B．CityLights.C．ShakespeareandCompany.D．HutatmaChowk.2．WhatcanbelearnedaboutthebookstallsatHu

tatmaChowk？A．PeoplecanmeetRudyardKiplingthere．B．Theysellthecheapestbooksintheworld．C．Thebookownersareamateurlibrar

ians．D．Thesellersarefamiliarwiththebooks．3．Whatdothefourbookstoreshaveincommon？A．Theyarebeautifullyd

esigned．B．Theyarethree﹣storeybuildings．C．Theyofferbookloversgoodexperience．D．Theyarefrequentlyvisitedbygreatwriters．【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主

要介绍了世界上最好的四家书店。1．细节理解题。根据DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo中的“Grababook，orderabeeranddiveintoitspages．Icouldhavestayedhourshere”可知，拿本书，点杯啤酒

，一头扎进书里。我可以在这里呆上几个小时的。所以在DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo可以买到饮料。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thebooksellersherearelikeamateurlibrarians，abletol

aytheirhandsonalmostanytitleyouaskfor”可知，这里的售书员就像业余图书管理员一样，你要什么书他们几乎都能找到。所以售书员对这些书很熟悉。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo中的“Onceyou'vehadyourfi

llofroamingthreefloors'worthofbookshelves，there'sthebar，thecoffeeshop，oreventhevideorentalspacetogiveyoumorereasontostay

justthatlittlebitlonger.”一旦你逛够了三层楼高的书架，这还会有酒吧、咖啡店，甚至有录像带出租屋，让你有更多的理由再多待一会儿。CityLights|SanFrancisco中的“Ithostseventsandrea

dings，andrunsanon﹣profitofthesamenamethataimstopromotediversityofvoicesandideasinliterature.”它举办各种活动和阅读活动，并以相同的名义经营着

一项非营利性的活动，旨在促进文学中声音和思想的多样性。ShakespeareandCompany|Paris中的“Iwasparticularlystruckbyanysparewallspacedevotedtonotesfromvisitors﹣heartfel

tmessagestoalovedone，dedicationstotheshopitself，oraquotefromafavouriteauthororphilosopher.”特别令我震惊的是，任

何一个空余的墙壁空间，都是用来记录来访者给爱人的心声，对商店本身的奉献，或是一位最喜爱的作家或哲学家的名言。HutatmaChowk|Mumbai中的“Thebooksellersherearelikea

mateurlibrarians，abletolaytheirhandsonalmostanytitleyouaskfor.”这里的售书员就像业余图书管理员一样，你要什么书他们几乎都能找到。所以阅读这四家书店可知，他们都为书迷提供了很好的体验。故选C项。26.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三

联考）Formany,travelingisawaytoescapetheworstpartsofdailylife.Butwhatifatraveldestinationwitnessedterriblee

vents,likewar,genocide（大屠杀）ornuclearfallout?Wouldyoustillwanttovisit?There‟sagrowingphenomenoncalled“darktourism”peoplevisitsitesassociatedwithdeatha

ndhumansuffering.“It‟slivingontheedgealmost-ifyougotoaplacewherepeoplehavereallydied,”KarelWerdler,aseniorlecturerinhistorya

tInHollandUniversityintheNetherlands,toldCNN.Whenpeoplegototraditionaltouristspots,likeDisneyland,orsomewondersofthe

world,theymayfeelhappytoenjoysomethinginterestingornew.Darktourism,however,notonlyprovidesthatnovelty（新奇）butalsocanmakethemfeel

luckythattheirproblemsaresosmallincomparison.AccordingtotheGuardian,“Darktourismtosomeextentreliesonthereverse（颠倒）oftheoldequation（方程式

）ofmorefamiliartourism.”Formanypeople,thesesitesofferawaytoreflectonthemistakesofthepastandthelessonswecanlearnf

romhistory.Forexample,Chernobyl,intheUkraine,isoneofthemostpopulardarkdestinations.Whenitsnuclearreactor（核反应堆）explodedin1984,itreleasedaradioacti

ve（放射性的）cloudsodevastatingthatthesurroundingareawillremainuninhabitable（不适宜居住的）for20,000years.Despitethedestructionandda

ngerofthestillpresentradiation,nearly72,000peoplevisitedthearealastyear,reportstheBBC．OneofthesewasLiYimeng,w

howentonatouroftheChernobylExclusionZone.Duringthetourshesawthehomesofthepowerplant‟sformerworkers,de

sertedclassrooms,andanabandonedplayground.“IexperiencedawholerangeofemotionsasIsawtheareawheretheyusedtolive,whichisnowaw

asteland,”shetoldChinaDaily.ShealsoemphasizedtheneedtoshowrespectwhenvisitinglocationslikeChernobyl.Thoughdarktourismisrelat

edtodeathanddying,“ittellsusmoreaboutlifeandtheliving”,TheSunnoted.8．Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A．Comparisonamongdifferenttypesoftravel.B．I

nformationofanewtraveltrend.C．Reasonswhyreadersshouldgetinvolvedindarktourism.D．Introductiontooneofthemostpopulardarkdestinations.

9．Whatmakesdarktourismdifferentfromtraditionaltourism?A．Itismoreboringandunpleasant.B．Itismorepopularwithyoung

people.C．Thedestinationusuallyhasadarkpast.D．Thesceneteachespeoplehowtofacedeath.10．Whatdoestheunderlined

word“devastating”inParagraph7probablymean?A．Dark.B．Mysterious.C．Enormous.D．Destructive.11．Whatdoestheauthortrytos

howwiththeexampleofLiYimeng?A．Darktourismremindspeopletotakeactiontoavoiddisasters.B．Darktourismcanbeascaryexperience.C．Darktourismmakespeoplethi

nkaboutlife.D．Darktourismwarnspeopletobecautiousabouthightechnology.【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【解析】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了一种新型的旅行方式--“黑暗旅游”，人们去参观与死亡和人类苦难有关的地方，从而感知对生

活和生命的尊重和敬畏。8．主旨大意题。根据第二段There‟sagrowingphenomenoncalled“darktourism”peoplevisitsitesassociatedwithdeathandhumansuffer

ing.以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新兴的旅游方式，即Darktourism，故答案为B。9．细节理解题。根据第三段It‟slivingontheedgealmost-ifyougotoaplacewherepeo

plehavereallydied和第五段Darktourismtosomeextentreliesonthereverse（颠倒）oftheoldequation（方程式）ofmorefamiliartourism.可知darktourism的最主要特点是目的

地与死亡以及人类所遭遇的苦难有关，故答案选C。10．词义猜测题。从第6、7段“Whenitsnuclearreactor（核反应堆）explodedin1984,itreleasedaradioactive（放射性的）cloudsodevastatingthatth

esurroundingareawillremainuninhabitable（不适宜居住的）for20,000years.Despitethedestructionanddangerofthesti

llpresentradiation”中的uninhabitable以及destruction（破坏，毁坏），可知第7段下划线词可能是“毁灭性的”意思，故选D。11．推理判断题。从最后一段“ittell

susmoreaboutlifeandtheliving”可以推知参观这些目的地，人们能更多反思人生与生命，故答案为C。27.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）We‟veknownforyearsthatp

lantscansee,hear,smellandcommunicatewithchemicals.Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsound

swhenstressed.Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foundthattomatoandtobaccoplantscanmakeu

ltrasonic（超声的）noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirstemsarecut.It‟sjusttoohigh-pitched（音调高的）forhumanstohear.Microphon

esplaced10centimetersawayfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz（千赫兹）.Humanhearingusuallyrangesfrom20her

tzto20kilohertz.“Thesefindingscanalterthewaywethinkabouttheplantkingdom,”theywrote.Onaverage,“thirsty”tomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,wh

iletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplant

sproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Perhapsmostinterestingly,differenttypesofstressledtodiffere

ntsounds.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltoseparatetheplants‟soundsfromthoseofthewind,rainandothern

oisesofthegreenhouse.Inmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensi

tyandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.AlthoughKhaitandhiscolle

aguesonlylookedattomatoandtobaccoplants,theythinkotherplantsalsomakesoundswhenstressed.Iffarmerscouldhearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgivewate

rtotheplantsthatneeditmost.Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswouldbeimportantinformationforfarmers.“Thesoundsthat

drought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture（精准农业）,”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Khait‟sreportal

sosuggeststhatinsectsandmammalscanhearthesoundsupto5metersawayandrespond.Forexample,amothmaydecidenottolayeggsonawater-

stressedplant.EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospec

ulative”.Ifplantsarescreamingforfearoftheirsurvival,shouldwebethankfulwecan‟thearthem?12．WhatdidKhaitandhisteamf

indfromtheirresearch?A．Plantsmadelow-pitchedsoundswhenindanger.B．Plantswereabletoproducesoundsinresponsetostresses.C．Plantspickedupawiderrangeof

soundswhenstressed.D．Plantsmadeultrasonicnoisestocommunicatewitheachother.13．Howdidtomatoandtobaccoplantsreacttodifferentstressesaccording

tothetext?A．Aplantreactedtodifferentstresseswiththesamesound.B．Cuttobaccoplantsseemedtomakeweakersoun

dsthandrought-stressedones.C．Cuttomatoplantsproducedmoresoundsperhourthanwater-hungryones.D．Tobaccoplantsmightmakelouderso

undsthantomatoplantswhenshortofwater.14．What‟sthemainideaofParagraph6?A．Challengesfacingfarmersinthefuture.B．Farmers‟contributionstoth

eresearch.C．Thepotentialapplicationsoftheresearch.D．Whatthefutureagriculturewillbelike.15．WhatisEdwardFarmert‟sattitudetowardstheresearch?A．ne

gativeB．positiveC．neutralD．indifferent【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．A【解析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了一项新的研究，植物能够发出声音来应对压力，在一项尚未发表的研究发现番茄和烟草能发出超声波，它们会因缺水或茎被切断而

哭泣。研究声称这项研究对精准农业方面有利，但也引起了某些科学家的质疑。12．细节理解题。根据第一段Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhenstressed.（现在，

据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。）可知植物能够发出声音来应对压力，故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第五段信息Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,fo

rexample.（例如，干旱胁迫的烟草似乎比烟草切块发出的声音更大。）可知，烟草切块发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下发出的声音要弱，故选B。14．主旨大意题。通读第六段，根据Iffarmerscouldhear

thesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgivewatertotheplantsthatneeditmost.（研究小组说，如果农民能听到这些声音，他们就能给最需要水的植物浇水。）和Thesound

sthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture（精准农业）（受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业）可知，该段讲述了

该研究在农业方面的应用，故选C。15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmoth

slisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.可知，Farmer对于蛾子能听到植物发出的声音并作出反应而表示怀疑，即这件事情有点没有依据，他持否定态度，故选A。28.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）Earlierthisyearwhenthesum

merheatwavewasinfullswing,mostpeopleweredreamingofthecoolerautumntemperatures.Butforthosewholovethesummerweather,thewintercoldertempera

turesanddrearyweatherareanythingbutwelcome.Thegoodnews?Therearesomebrilliantwintersundestinationsyoucanescapetoforgloriouspleasantweath

erandwarmsunshine.DubaiDuringthewintermonthsthecitystillboaststemperaturesaround26°C,perfectifyouplantomakethemostofthecity‟s

beaches.However,it‟snotsohotthatyoucan‟tenjoymostofthethingstoseeanddoinDubai,fromthethemeparkstoepicmallssuchastheBu

rjKhalifa.Planningtomakethemostoftheattractions?It‟sworthlookingintoaDubaiPasswhereyoucouldsaveupto50%offahostofthetop

must-seesights.ThailandThebesttimetovisitThailandisbetweenNovembertoJanuarywhenit‟sadryseasonandthetemper

aturesarepleasant.Thecountryisfilledwithepicsightsandattractions.Fancyacitybreak?HeadtoBangkokwhereglorioust

emples,floatingmarketsandincrediblefoodfestivalsawait.OrofcourseyoucouldspendafewdaysmakingthemostofThailand‟smostbeautifulseasands.C

apeVerdeSalIslandisoneofthemaintouristspotsinthecountry.CapeVerdeiswell-knownforofferinguparelaxingholiday;andwith10islandstoexplore,t

here‟sstillampleopportunitytohaveanadventureortwo.However,ifyouonlyvisitonespot,makeitthebeautifulSalIsland.Ittendstobea

hitwithholidaymakersthankstothewhitesandbeachesandcrystallinewatersthatmakeupitsshores.BarbadosIftheideaofasnowyChristmasbrea

kdoesn‟tappeal,thenBarbadoscouldmakeforaonce-in-a-lifetimefestiveseason.Decembertemperaturescanbearoun

d28°C,meaningyou‟llhaveheapsofhotweatherandsunshineandofcourseBarbadosbeachesaretheidealspottoenjoythem.1．What‟sthepurposeofthis

passage?A．Toprovidewarmdestinationsforwinter.B．Tocomparefourforeigntouristspots.C．Toofferadviceontravelingabroad.D．Tohelp

escapefromthehotweather.2．Whatcouldbethebestchoiceforfoodlovers?A．Dubai.B．Thailand.C．CapeVerde.D．Barbados.3．Whatdotheattract

ionshaveincommon?A．Theyoffertouristssightsonabudget.B．Avarietyoffoodissuppliedfortourists.C．Theyrecommendsomeshoppingcenters.D．Travelerscangoforrel

axationonseashore.【答案】1．A2．B3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个冬季依然阳光灿烂且温暖舒适的旅游胜地。1．推理判断题。由第一段“Therearesomebrilliantwinters

undestinationsyoucanescapetoforgloriouspleasantweatherandwarmsunshine.”可知，有很棒的冬日阳光灿烂的目的地，在那里你可以享受晴朗宜人的天气和温暖的阳光。由此可以判断题推测文章的目的是介

绍冬季温暖的旅游胜地。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据Thailand部分的“HeadtoBangkokwhereglorioustemples,floatingmarketsandincrediblefoodfestivalsawait.”可

知，去曼谷，那里有金碧辉煌的寺庙、流动的市场和完美的美食节等着你。因此美食爱好者最好的选择是去曼谷。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Dubai部分的“Duringthewintermonthsthecitystillboaststem

peraturesaround26°C,perfectifyouplantomakethemostofthecity‟sbeaches.”可知，在冬季，这个城市的温度依然在26度左右，如果你计划充分利用城市的海滩，这是完美的；根据Thailand部分的“Orofcourseyoucould

spendafewdaysmakingthemostofThailand‟smostbeautifulseasands.”可知。当然，你可以在泰国最漂亮的海沙度过几天；根据CapeVerde部分的“Ittendstobeahitwithholidaymaker

sthankstothewhitesandbeachesandcrystallinewatersthatmakeupitsshores.”可知，那是一个度假者的热门去处，有白沙滩和晶莹剔透的水构成的海岸线；根据Barbado

s部分的“Decembertemperaturescanbearound28°C,meaningyou‟llhaveheapsofhotweatherandsunshineandofcourseBarbadosbe

achesaretheidealspottoenjoythem.”可知，12月的温度在28度左右，意味着你可以享受炎热的天气和阳光，当然巴巴多斯海滩也是理想的圣地。综上所述，景点的共同点是都可以去海边放松。故选D。29.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）Ioncewas

afollowerofcancelculture,enoughforitstillinfluencesthemediaIconsumetoday.Idon‟tlistentomyformerfavoritebandslikePi

negroveandSummerSaltanymoreandIrefusetowatchanythingwithLouisC．K,andIalwayslookupwhichFrancobrotherwasaccusedeverytimeIgotowatchsomethingwithon

eoftheminit.Thesewereeasypeopleto“cancel”,becauseIdidn‟thavemuchattachmenttothemandIcouldfindreplacements.Butwhathappenswh

ensomeoneclosewithyouhasdonesomething“cancel-worthy”?Somethingthatyouwouldcancelanyoneelsefor,ifyouhadmored

istancebetweenyou?Thisdilemmapresentstwochoices.Inthefirstchoice,youcouldcontinueyourrelationshipwiththe“cancelled”person,andlivewi

ththeguilt.Youknowtheydidsomethingthatyouwouldn‟ttypicallyforgive,butyou‟vedecidedtogivethema“getoutof

jailfree”card.Youcontinuetobefriendswiththisperson,butalwaysfeeluneasybecauseyouknowsomewhereinsidethatyourfrienddidsomethingbad.Orthere‟so

ptionnumbertwo:Youcouldcompletelycutoffthepersonwhoyouoncecalledafriend.Youabandonarelationshipthatyouhadworkedso

hardtodevelop,andyoudecidetoignorethatperson.Eventually,youbecomecompletestrangerswithsomeoneyouwereoncesoclosewith.Nomatterwhatchoiceyoumake,youwill

facesignificantconsequences.Thisisn‟tablackorwhiteissue.Thisisjustoneexampleofthechallengesoflifethatdoesn‟thaveaclearans

wer.Thetruthis,thisisalose-losesituationandyou‟retheloser.Youcancontinuetotrustsomeonewhodidsomethingbadandl

ivewiththeguilt.Or,youcanstopspeakingtothem,butstilldealwiththefactthatyouoncetrustedsomeonewhodidaverybadthing,andthatyouhadletthemintoy

ourlife.Eitherway,youenduplosingsomethingyoudidn‟twantto.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”referto?A．Francobrothers.B．LouisC．KandF

ranco.C．Franco‟smovies.D．PinegroveandSummerSalt.9．Whydoestheauthorstoplisteningtohisfavoritebands?A．Hehasfoundbetter

replacements.B．Heisnolongerattachedtothem.C．Theydidsomethinghecan‟tforgive.D．Theydon‟treleasegoodworksanymo

re.10．Howwouldyoufeelwhenyoukeepyourrelationshipwitha“cancelled”person?A．Relaxed.B．Guilty.C．Awkward.

D．Refreshed.11．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph4?A．Youdon‟tcarewhattheydidatall.B．Youcontinueyourrelationsh

ipwiththem.C．Youhopetheycouldbesetfreefromtheprison.D．Youdon‟tthinktheyshouldreceiveapunishment.【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介

绍了在“抵制文化”中，一个人做了不被原谅的事后，人们的两种做法，一个是继续跟其做朋友；另一个是与其断交。作者指出，不管哪种做法都有相应的后果，这不是非黑即白的问题。8．词义猜测题。由第一段“IalwayslookupwhichFranco

brotherwasaccusedeverytimeIgotowatchsomethingwithoneoftheminit.”可知，每次我去看有他们其中一人的节目，我都会查查哪个Francobrother兄弟被指控了。所以通过上下文语境可知，them

指代的是前文提到的Francobrothers，故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第五段“Orthere‟soptionnumbertwo:Youcouldcompletelycutoffthepersonwhoyouoncecalledafr

iend.”可知，第二个选项是你彻底跟你曾经称之为朋友的人切断联系；根据第四段“Youknowtheydidsomethingthatyouwouldn‟ttypicallyforgive”可知，你知道他们做了你通常不会原谅的事。根据以上内容可知，在“抵制文化”中，做了不被原谅的事后，其中一个选

择就是与其切断联系。根据第一段“Ioncewasafollowerofcancelculture,enoughforitstillinfluencesthemediaIconsumetoday.”可知，我曾经是抵制文化的追随者，而且这影响着我现在痴迷的媒体。由此可以推断出，作者不再

听他喜欢的乐队是因为他们做了作者不能原谅的事情。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“youcouldcontinueyourrelationshipwiththe“cancelled”person,andli

vewiththeguilt.”可知你跟被抵制的人继续做朋友时，会带着内疚生活。所以当你和被抵制的人做朋友时，你会感到内疚（guilty）。故选B。11．词句猜测题。根据根据第四段“Youcontin

uetobefriendswiththisperson,butalwaysfeeluneasybecauseyouknowsomewhereinsidethatyourfrienddidsomethingbad.”可知，你继续和这

个人做朋友，但总感到不舒服，因为你的内心知道你的朋友做了不好的事情。由此可以推测出，you‟vedecidedtogivethema“getoutofjailfree”card是指继续跟他们做朋友。故选B。30.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）Ifyou‟rereadingthis,it‟ssa

fetoassumeyouarrivedbyinternet.MaybeyoucaughttheheadlineasitracedbyonTwitter.Oryoumightbetakingabreakfromwatchingaborin

gmovieonNetflix.Itdoesn‟tmatter.Becauseaccordingtoanewstudy,italladdsuptothesamething:onedistraction（分心的事情）afteranother.Andthethingis,they‟re

welcomedistractions.Because,astheresearch—publishedthisweekintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology—notes,peoplewilldojustaboutanythi

ngtoavoidbeinglefttotheirownthoughts.Fortheirstudy,researchersdesignedasampletestformorethan2,557participantsin11countries.Theydivid

edtheirtestsubjectsintotwogroups.Inthefirstgroup,peoplewereaskedtospend10to15minutes“entertainingthemselveswiththeirthoughts

asbesttheycould.”Justsitbackandthinkaboutthings.Soundsgood,doesn‟tit?Well,notreally.Thesecondgroup—theonewherepeopleweretoldtosurftheNet

,playavideogame,orevenreadabook—reportedhavingmuchmorefun.Theyscoredmorehighlyonentertainmentandloweronboredom.A

ndthepreferencefordistractionseemedtobeaglobalphenomenon,whichmaycomeasasurprisetoItalianswhoarefamouslyb

rilliantatdoingnothing.“Thepreferencefordoingexternal（外部的）activitiessuchasreading,watchingTV,orsurfingtheinternetratherthan„justthinking‟appearst

obestrongthroughouttheworld,”theresearchersnoteinthestudy.Buttheredoesseemtobeanimportantthingthathasn‟tbeenincludedinthestudy.Shouldn‟tthequali

tyofthoughtsmatter?Ifyou‟vegotsomethingpositivetothinkabout—say,howyou‟regoingtospendyourvacationorthegreatscreenplayyou‟vealreadyhalf-writteninyou

rhead—whyareyoureadingthis?Ontheotherhand,ifyouarealwaysbotheredbynegativethoughts—asadorpainfulexperience,perhaps—byall

means,keepscrolling（翻网页）.Unfortunately,wewon‟tbeabletotakeupmuchofyourtimehere;it‟sashortstudythatgetstothepointinahurry.Don‟tworrythough.There‟sawho

leworldofdistractionsoutthere.Say,haveyouseenthatshipteeteringatthebrinkofNiagaraFalls?Andhowaboutthosecharmingcows?Betyoud

idn‟tknowtheycouldsmellyoufromsixmilesaway.Andthat‟ssomethingtothinkabout.12．WhywouldtheItaliansbesurprisedatthephenomenon?A．Theypreferreadi

ngbookstosurfingtheNet.B．They‟reconvincedthatthinkingissignificant.C．Theyareusedtobeinglefttotheirownthoughts

.D．TheyseldomentertainthemselvesbysurfingtheNet.13．Howwasthestudyconducted?A．Byreferenceresearch.B．Bycomparativestudy.

C．Bytheoreticalanalysis.D．Byexperimentalstudy.14．Whatseemstohavebeenignoredinthestudy?A．Thequalityofthoughts.B．Thec

auseofthephenomenon.C．Thesolutiontotheproblem.D．Thekindsofdistractions.15．What‟sthetoneofthepassage?A．Worried.

B．Disappointed.C．Serious.D．Humorous.【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。《个性与社会心理学杂志》上指出人们会做任何事情来避免被自己的想法左右。研究指出世界各地的人似乎都更喜欢阅读、看电视或上网等外部活动，而不是只是思考

。但研究中似乎有一个重要的遗漏，即思想的质量是否重要。12．细节理解题。根据第六段“thepreferencefordistractionseemedtobeaglobalphenomenon,whichmaycomeasasurp

risetoItalianswhoarefamouslybrilliantatdoingnothing.”可知，喜欢分散注意力似乎是一种全球现象，这可能会让以什么都不做而著称的意大利人感到惊讶；根据第四段“astheresearch—publishedt

hisweekintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology—notes,peoplewilldojustaboutanythingtoavoidbeinglefttotheirownthoughts.

”可知，正如本周发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上的研究指出的那样，人们会做任何事情来避免被自己的想法左右。由以上内容可以看出，意大利人什么都不做是让自己被自己的想法左右。因此，意大利人对人们的做法感到吃惊是因为意大利人习惯于被自己的想法左右。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第五段

“Fortheirstudy,researchersdesignedasampletestformorethan2,557participantsin11countries.Theydividedtheirtestsubjectsintotwogroups.”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员设计了

一个样本测试，共有来自11个国家的2557名参与者参加。他们把实验对象分成两组。由此可以看出，研究结果是通过比较两个小组的表现得出的，因此判断出研究是通过对比进行的。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Butthere

doesseemtobeanimportantthingthathasn‟tbeenincludedinthestudy.Shouldn‟tthequalityofthoughtsmatter?”可知，但研究中似乎有一个重要的遗漏。难道思想的质量不重要吗？因此研究中忽略的是思想的质量。故选A。

15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There'sawholeworldofdistractionsoutthere.Say,haveyouseenthatshipteeteringatthebrinkofNia

garaFalls?Andhowaboutthosecharmingcows?Betyoudidn'tdidn'tknowtheycouldsmellyoufromsixmilesaway.”可知，外面有很多让人分心的东西。喂，你看

见那艘船在尼亚加拉瀑布边摇摇欲坠吗?那些可爱的奶牛呢?我打赌你不知道他们在六英里外就能闻到你的气味。这种方式很幽默（humorous），所以判断出文章的基调是幽默的。故选D。31.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Australianexpertshaveex

pressedconcernsthattoomanymillennials(千禧一代）arehopingtousetheirsocialmediaaccountstobuildtheircareers.Theirconcernsfollow

thesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographer

sbutalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.Instagramisfloodedwithso

cialmediaprofessionalspaidtopromoteproductsandservices.However,socialscientistDrLaurenRosewarne,fromtheUniversityofMelb

ourne,saysthatinreality,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.ShesaidmanyyoungAustralian

sweregettingsuckedinbytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,describingitas"totallyunrealistic"a

ndextremelydifficulttodo."Youngpeoplearehopingtobefamousinnumbersthatweresimplynotthere20yearsago,"Rosewarnetoldt

heAustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)onSaturday."Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmonetizi

ng(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm."ShesaiditwasuptoparentsandschoolstodiscouragestudentsfromseekingInsta-fame,asmanybelieveiti

sapossiblecareerchoice."There'sthewarningforparents;thisisnotanormalorevencommonoccurrencethatyoucanmonet

izeyourInstagramaccount."MeanwhileToniEagerfromAustralianNationalUniversitysaidsocialproblemscouldarisefromspendingtoomuchtimewithsocialmedia."Wher

edotheinsta-celebritiesgo...toseparatethelifepeopleseeonInstagramfromtheiractualnormallife?"Eagersaid."Allofasudden,people

ownyourprivatelife."8．Whyisthereasuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"?A．Manyyoungpeoplewanttobephotographers.B．Manypeopleseeitasashortcuttomak

ingmoney.C．Peoplewanttosocializebysharingphotosonline.D．Instagramoffersyoungpeoplemorecareerchoices.9．Theunderlinedp

hrase"gettingsuckedin"inParagraph4probablymeans"______".A．benefitingfromsomethingB．becominginvolvedinsomethingC．takingadvantageofsomethingD．bein

gsatisfiedwithsomething10．WhatmessagedoestheauthorconveybyquotingDrLaurenRosewarne?A．Youngpeopletodayaremorebusiness-savvythanever.B．Y

oungpeoplearebecominglessinterestedinInternetfame.C．Instagramisnotagoodplatformtopromotenewproducts.D．It'sab

adideaforyoungpeopletotryearningmoneyonInstagram.11．WhatproblemdoesToniEagerthinkoveruseofsocialmediacouldcause?A．Anove

r-relianceonInstagram.B．Alossofpersonalprivacy.C．Lessinteractionwithpeopleinreallife.D．Thedesiretomonetizeone'sInstagramaccount.【答案】

8．B9．B10．D11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的千禧一代中有很多人想将社交媒体发展成赚钱的手段甚至作为事业，专家对此表示了担忧。8．推理判断题。从第二段对于insta-celebrities的

描述Theirconcernsfollowthesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalent

edphotographersbutalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.以及第四段中“theappe

alofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram”可知，社交媒体上的名人可以通过赞助来挣钱，即使你非专业，如果相貌姣好、有商业头脑也有机会靠社交媒体赚钱。所以判断出为什么“insta-celebrities”会突然走红是因为许多人把它看作是赚钱的捷径相当于一条捷径。

故选B项。9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“bytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,可知，“受到在一些社交平台上可以赚钱的吸引，许多澳大利亚年轻人被卷入其中”。

所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，gettingsuckedin也应该表达的意思是“参与其中、卷入其中”。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段DrLaurenRosewarne所说的话inreality,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmoneyoffthep

latformsthanonemaythink.可知，她先是表示通过社交媒体赚钱是很难很不现实的，做到的人也很少。再根据倒数第四段“Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmo

netizing(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm.”可知，有些人可以通过在instagram上发帖赚钱，但这不是常态。由此判断出，靠社交平台赚钱并非好主意。故选D项。11．细节理解题。最后一段“"Allo

fasudden,peopleownyourprivatelife”可知，突然之间，人们拥有了你的私人生活。所以Tonieager认为过度使用社交媒体会导致个人隐私的损失。故选B项。32.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Ifyoubelievethatscientistsandartistsa

remostcreativewhenthey'reyoung,youaremissinganimportantpartofthestory.AnewstudypublishedinDeEconomistlooked

atNobelPrizewinnersinthefieldofeconomics.Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinap

erson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.Theresearchsupportspreviousworkbytheauthorsthatfoundsimilarpatternsintheartsandothersc

iences."Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally,"saidBruceWeinberg,leadauthorofthestudyand

professorofeconomicsatTheOhioStateUniversity."Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusivelyassociatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkin

dofcreativityyou'retalkingabout."Inthestudy,thosewhodidtheirmostgroundbreakingworkearlyintheircareerstendedtobe"conceptual"innovators(创

新者).Thesetypeofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.Conceptualinnovatorsarenoty

etimmersed(沉浸于)intheacceptedtheoriesoftheirfield,Weinbergsaid.Butthereisanotherkindofcreativity,hesaid,whichisfoundamong"experimental"innovators.Thes

einnovatorsaccumulateknowledgethroughtheircareersandfindnewwaystounderstandit.Thelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportan

texperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)career."Whetheryouhityourcreativepeakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhaveac

onceptualorexperimentalapproach,"Weinbergsaid.Theresearcherstookanovel,empirical(经验主义的)approachtothestudy,whichinvolved31laureates.The

yarrangedthelaureatesonalistfromthemostexperimentaltomostconceptual.Thisrankingwasbasedonthelaureates'mostimportantwork,classifyingtheminto"conc

eptual"or"experimental".Afterclassifyingthelaureates,theresearchersdeterminedtheageatwhicheachlaureatemadehi

smostimportantcontributiontoeconomicsandcouldbeconsideredathiscreativepeak.Theyfoundthatconceptuallaureatespeakedbetweenages25and29.Expe

rimentallaureatespeakedwhentheywereroughlytwiceasold,intheirmid-50s."Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwor

k."12．WhatdidthestudypublishedinDeEconomistfind?A．Creativitycomesatanyage,youngorold.B．Creativitytendstodecrea

seaspeoplegetolder.C．Economists,artistsandotherscientistshavemuchincommon.D．Economistsaremorecreativethanartistsandothersci

entists.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thinkoutsidethebox"mean?A．Followrulesstrictly.B．Experimentonboxes.C．Breakoldthoughtpatterns.D．

Figureouthowtoescapefromabox.14．Whatdoweknowabout"experimental"innovators?A．Theyusuallycomeupwithnewideasallofasudden.B．They

makediscoveriesthroughconstanttrialanderror.C．Themajorityofthemreachtheircreativepeakintheirtwenties.D．Theymakemorecontributionst

han"conceptual"innovators.15．Whatdotheresearchersbelievedeterminessomeone'screativepeak?A．One'spersonalitytype.B．Wh

atkindofjobonetakes.C．Howonehandlestheirwork.D．One'sattitudetowardtheirwork.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了通过对一些诺贝尔获奖者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者。12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinaper

son'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.”可知，这项研究表明，创造力的巅峰可能来自与事业早期，也可能是在后期，对应一个人的年轻时与年纪稍大时，A选项符合文意。故选A项。13．词义猜测题

。根据划线短语所在句“Thesetypeofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.”可知，非谓语动词部分可以看作对这一短语的解释，意为“挑战传统

智慧，提出新的想法”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的模式、框架。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据第八段“ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellau

reate's(荣誉获得者的)career.”可知，在一位诺贝尔奖得主的职业生涯中，重要的实验性创新经历了漫长的不断的尝试和错误。所以他们通过不断的尝试和错误获得了发现。故选B项。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remo

stcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork.”可知，在这项研究中，决定创造力巅峰的就是你如何处理你的工作。所以研究人员认为是如何处理他们的工作决定了一个人的创造力峰值。

故选C项。33.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Studentsdealwithmanyproblemsintheirlivesandbecauseofallofthecompetingthingsforthe

irattention,it'shardtoconcentrateonstudying.16．Thekeytoeffectivestudyingisn'tcramming(死记硬背)orstudyinglonger,butstudyingsmarter.17．Too

manypeoplelookatstudyingasanecessarytask,notanenjoymentoropportunitytolearn.That'sfine,butresearchershavefoundthathowyou

approachsomethingmattersalmostasmuchaswhatyoudo.Sometimesyoucan't“force”yourselftobeintherightstateofmind.Aimtothinkpo

sitivelywhenyoustudy,andremindyourselfofyourskillsandabilities.18．Insteadofthinking,“I'mamess.I'llneverhaveenoughtimetostudyforthisexa

m",lookatitlike,“ImaybealittlelatetostudyasmuchasI'dlike,butI'llgetmostofitdone.”Memorygamesaremethodsforrememberingpiecesofinforma

tionusingasimpleconnectionofcommonwords.Mostoftenpeoplegetwordstoformanonsensesentencethatiseasytoremember.Memorygamesarehel

pfulbecauseyouusemoreofyourbraintoremembervisualandactiveimagesthanyoudotorememberjustalistofitems.19．Alotofpeoplemakethemista

keofstudyinginaplacethatreallyisn'thelpfultoconcentrating.20．Thelibrary,acornerinastudyhall,oraquietcoffeehousea

regoodplacestocheckout.Makesuretochoosethequietareasintheseplaces,nottheloud,centralgatheringareas.Findinganidealstudyplaceisimportant,becauseit

'stheoneyoucanreliablycountonforthenextfewyears.A．Avoidterriblethinking.B．Avoidcomparingyourselfwithothers.C．

Anoisyplacemakesforapoorstudyarea.D．Usingmoreofyourbrainmeansbettermemory.E.Havingarightattitudeisimportanttostudysmarter.F.Youneedmoreeffectivestud

yhabitsforbettergrades.G.Everypersonisuniqueintheirwayofeffectivelearning.【答案】16．F17．E18．A19．D20．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出学习不能光靠死记硬

背和花时间，要学得聪明一点，并从几个方面提供了一些注意事项。16．上一句讲到学生在学习中会遇到问题，下一句转到有效率的学习的关键，F选项“你需要更有效率的学习习惯来取得好成绩”上下连贯，符合语境。故选F项。17．空白处是第二段的主题句，根据第

二段“太多的人把学习视为一项必要的任务，而不是学习的乐趣或机会。这很好，但是研究人员发现，你如何对待某事几乎和你做什么一样重要”所以本段主要讲对于学习要态度积极，E选项“要学得聪明，有正确的态度很重要”符合本段主题。故选E项

。18．从下一句给出的一个正向思考的例子“不要想:“我一团糟。”我永远不会有足够的时间来准备这次考试。”你可以这样想，“我可能会晚一点，但我会完成大部分的考试。”来看，这里顺应本段主题，是要告诉我们遇到困难从积极正面的角度去思考，不要消极思维。A选项“避免糟糕的想法”符合

语境。故选A项。19．本段主要讲记忆游戏，空白处上一句描述这种方法好原因在于记忆视觉和动态图像时使用大脑更多，D选项“使用大脑更多意味着更好的记忆力”与前文呼应。故选D项。20．本段主题是选择合适的学习地点，段首句就指出很多人错误地选择了学习地点，无法

专注，C选项“一个喧闹的地方并不适合学习”承接上文。故选C项。34.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）FamousDanceFormsFromAroundTheWorldSinginganddancingisanessenti

alpartofmanyculturesaroundtheworldandhasbeensoforcenturies.Worldwide,variousdanceformshaveevolvedovert

heyearsandsomehavecrossedtheirregionalboundariesandgainedadmirersglobally.Herewepresentsomeofthemostfamousdancestylesintheworld.Balle

t,RussiaNodanceformcanapproachgracefulnessascloselyastheRussianballet.Itisanartisticdanceformthatisperformedtomusic.ThestepsofRussianballetdem

andhighlevelsofprecisionandformality.TheclassicalballetdanceformwhichoriginatedinRenaissanceItalywasintro

ducedtoRussiaduringtheruleofPetertheGreatandsincethenbecameanintegralpartofRussiansociety.Flamenco,Spai

nFlamencoisagloballyfamousdanceformthatoriginatedinSpain.Thedanceisaccompaniedbyguitarplaying,singing,fingersnapping,an

dhandclapping.FlamencoiscloselylinkedtotheRomanipeopleinSpain,anditsstyleisdistinctlyAndalusian.Theartformiscur

rentlytaughtinmanycountriesworldwidebutismostpopularintheUSandJapan.Inthelattercountry,FlamencoschoolsoutnumberthoseinSpai

n.Tango,ArgentinaTangoisapartnerdancethatisassociatedwithstyleandexpressiveness.Inthe1880's,thedanceformoriginatedalongtheRiverPlate

whichisthenaturalborderbetweenUruguayandArgentina.Manydifferentstylesoftangoexisttodayandinternationaltangodancingcompetitionsareheldea

chyearsignifyingthepopularityofthisdance.Samba,BrazilSambaissynonymous（同义的）withthefamousCarnivalofBrazil.ItisaBraziliandancestyleandmusicgenr

ewithrootsinAfricaandarrivedinLatinAmericaviatheAfricanslaveswhoarrivedinLatinAmericawiththeirEuropeanmasters.Sambaisassociatedwithr

hythmandbrightlycoloredcostumesandisconsideredasanintegralpartoftheBrazilianculture.1．Whichdanceformisbelievedtobethemostgra

ceful?A．Tango.B．Ballet.C．Samba.D．Flamenco2．WhatisthemainfeatureofTango?A．Highlevelsofprecisionandformality.B．Beingaccompaniedbyfingersnappingan

dhandclapping.C．Rhythmandbrightlycoloredcostumes.D．Styleandexpressiveness.3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsist

rueaccordingtothepassage?A．BalletoriginatedinRussiaduringtheruleofPetertheGreat.B．SpainhasmoreFlamencosc

hoolsthanJapan.C．SambawasbroughttoBrazilbyEuropeanmastersD．Allthefourformsofdancementioneddidnotoriginateintheirowncountries【答案】1．B2．D3．D【解析】本文是一

篇说明文，介绍芭蕾、弗拉明戈、探戈和桑巴这四种世界著名的舞蹈形式。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“NodanceformcanapproachgracefulnessascloselyastheRussianballet.（没有哪一种舞蹈形式像俄罗斯芭蕾那样优雅。）”

可知，作者认为芭蕾是最优雅的舞蹈形式。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tangoisapartnerdancethatisassociatedwithstyleandexpressiveness.”可知，探戈这种舞蹈形式的特点是风格独特，并且表达力强。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据第五

段中“ItisaBraziliandancestyleandmusicgenrewithrootsinAfricaandarrivedinLatinAmericaviatheAfricanslaveswhoarrivedinLatinAmericawiththeirEu

ropeanmasters.（这是一种巴西风格舞蹈和音乐流派，起源于非洲，是通过和欧洲的主人一起到达拉丁美洲的非洲奴隶传到拉丁美洲的。）”可知，桑巴舞虽然是巴西风格的舞蹈，但是起源于非洲。文中介绍的四种舞蹈形式并不都是起源于它们自己的国家。故选D项。