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专题01阅读理解之说明文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）GreatActivitiesforNatureLoversHikingOneoftheeasiestandmostaccessiblewaystogetclosetonatureisbysettingoutonag

oodoldfashionedhike.Hikinggenerallydoesn'trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadventure.Thisactivitycanbeasre

laxingasyoumakeit.BackcountryCampingWhylimityourselftojustadayhikewhenyoucanhaveafullweekendforalongeradve

nture?Backcountrycampinginvolvespackingyourtent，sleepinggear,food,andwateronyourbacktosetupcampinaremotelocation.Iyou‟reanexperiencedhikerandcam

per,thisisanexcellentwaytotestyoursurvivalskillsandexplorethewilderness.MountainandRoadBikingUnlikelongh

ikesthroughthewoods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.Mountainbikingtypicallyinvolvesridingupandd

ownsteepslopes,betweentrees,andoverrocks.Ifthissoundstoointenseoryourtiresaren'tsuitedforruggedterrain(地形),consider

takingaroadbikeonpavedtrailsthroughforestpreservesoralongcountryroads.GardeningContrarytopopularbelief,youdon'thavetotravelbeyondyourownbackya

rdtoexperiencethebeautyofnatureeveryday.Ifyourpersonalityislessadventurousoryourmobilityrestricted,considerplantingagardentogrowyourownvegetab

les,fruit,herbs，orflowers.There'ssomethingtrulysatisfyingaboutmixingupasaladwithfreshingredientsyougrowyourself.Oneofthebestpartsa

boutspendingtimeingardeningisthatitdoesn'thavetobreakyourbudgetandanyonecandoit.1．Whatdohikersneedforhikin

g?A．Practicalskills.B．Necessaryequipment.C．Ausefulmap.D．Arelaxedmood.2．What'sNOTtheadvantageofgardeningaccording

tothetext?A．Youdon'tneedtogofartoenjoythebeautyofnature.B．Itgivesyouasenseofsatisfactionwhencookingwithfreshingredients

.C．Itdoesn'ttakeanyenergyormoneytodoit.D．I‟seasytostartitforanyonewholikesit.3．Whichofthefollowingcantakeyoutotravelfarthest?A．Hiking.B

．BackcountryCamping.C．MountainandRoadBiking.D．Gardening.【答案】1．C2．C3．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种亲近大自然的户外活动。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hikinggenerallyd

oesn'trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadventure.”可知，徒步旅行通常不需要任何花哨的装备或特殊的技能，只需要一张地图和对冒险的渴望。徒步者们需要一

张有用的地图，故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Oneofthebestpartsaboutspendingtimeingardeningisthatitdoesn'thavetobreakyourbudgetandanyonecandoit.”可知，种花园

最大的好处是不需要打破预算，每个人都可以做到，并不是不花费时间C.Itdoesn'ttakeanyenergyormoneytodoit.不需要花费任何精力和金钱，表述与原文不符，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中

“Unlikelonghikesthroughthewoods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.”可知，骑自行车可以是你在大自然

中旅行地更远，故选C。2.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）Weknowthatreadingisgoodforchildren.Now,anewstudysuggeststhatjustbeingaroundbo

okshasitsbenefits.AteamofresearchersinAustraliafindsthatgrowingupwithalargelibraryathomeimprovesliteracy(读写能力),numbe

r-sense,andeventechnologicalskillsinlaterlife.ItappearedinthejournalSocialScienceResearch.Theresearcherswereexplorin

gtheadvantagesofscholarlyculture.Theywereinterestedinacuriousobservationthatsomecallthe“radiationeffect".“Rad

iationeffectisasituationwherechildrengrowuparoundbooks,buttheydon'treadbooks.Butsomehowbooksbenefitthem,

eventhoughtheydon'treadthemasmuchastheirparentswishthemto,”saidJoannaSikora,asociologistinAustralia.Joannaandhercolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedbetwee

n2011and2015bytheOrganizationforEconomicDevelopment.Thesurveyassessedtheliteracy，numeracy(计算能力),andtechnologicalcompetencyofmorethan160,000ad

ultsfrom31countries.Anditincludedaquestionabouthowmanybooksparticipantshadintheirhomesduringadolescence.“Whatwewereabletomakeclearw

asthatpeoplegrowinguparoundbookshadbetterliteracy,numeracyanddigitalproblem-solvingskillsthanpeoplewhohadfewerbooksgrowingupbutha

dsimilareducationlevels,similarjobs，andevensimilaradulthabitsintermsofreadingorworkingatvariousnumeracy-improvingactivities,

"shesaid.Infact,teenswhoonlymadeitthroughhighschoolbutwereraisedinabookishenvironmentdidaswellinadulthoodascol

legegraduateswhogrewupinahousewithoutbooks.Now,howmightmereexposureleadtointellectualimprovement?“Ifwegrowupinahouse,inahomewhereparentsenjoybooks

,wherebooksaregivenasbirthdaypresentsandvalued,thisissomethingthatbecomesapartofouridentityandgivesusthislifelongurgetoalwayscomeclosetoboo

ksandreadmorethanwewould.”Sokeepshelvespiledwithbooks.Yourkidswillnotonlybegrateful,they'llbemorelikelytobeabletospell“grat

eful"correctlyaswell.12．What's“radiationeffect"accordingtothetext?A．Theterribleeffectofradiationontheperso

nsandthings.B．Thegoodinfluenceofthebookishenvironmentonadolescents.C．Thebeneficialeffectofreadingbooksonadolescents.D．Thebadeffectoftheenvironm

entwithoutbooksonadolescents.13．Howdoestheexposuretobooksimproveintellect?A．Booksbringasenseofidentityandeagernesstor

eadmore.B．Bookshelptoprovideachancetocomeclosetosociety,C．Booksarealwaysgiventoadolescentsasvaluablepresents.D．B

ookswilloffertheteensanurgetomakegreatachievements.14．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsbookishenvironment?A．Op

posed.B．Neutral.C．Indifferent.D．Supportive.15．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ReadingMoreHelpsImproveChildren'sA

bilitiesB．ReadingatHomeBringsChildrenManyAdvantagesC．GrowingUpAroundBooksBenefitsChildrenaLotD．Creating

aBookishEnvironmentforChildrenIsofMuchImportance【答案】12．B13．A14．D15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了书香环境对于孩子成长的好处。12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Radiati

oneffectisasituationwherechildrengrowuparoundbooks,buttheydon'treadbooks.Butsomehowbooksbenefitthem,ev

enthoughtheydon'treadthemasmuchastheirparentswishthemto”可知，辐射效应在本文中指在书香环境中长大的孩子，虽然他们没有像父母期待的那样读那么多的书，但他们仍然从书中受益良多。由此推断出

，书香环境对青少年的良好影响，故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ifwegrowupinahouse,inahomewhereparentsenjoybooks,wherebooksaregivenasbir

thdaypresentsandvalued,thisissomethingthatbecomesapartofouridentityandgivesusthislifelongurgetoalwayscomeclosetobooksandreadmorethanwew

ould.”可知，如果我们生长在父母热爱书、珍惜书的家庭中，这将成为我们认知中的一部分，让我们终身都有接近书，多读书的渴望。故选A。14．观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Sokeepshelvespiledwithbooks..”所以书柜里装满书吧。由此可知，作者对

于书香环境是支持的，故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据全文的大意，尤其是第一段中“Weknowthatreadingisgoodforchildren.Now,anewstudysuggeststhatjustbe

ingaroundbookshasitsbenefits.”可知，本文主要讲述了书香环境对孩子成长的好处。故选C。3.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach‟sBarLouiecounterbyher

self,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel‟s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans

,she‟snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastalo

neandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordin

gtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whowork

sindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertoke

epabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alo

calvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe‟sonafirst-namebasisifhewan

tstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday‟sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It‟sachanceforself-reflection.Youretu

rntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayha

vefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn‟tfeelasaloneasitmayh

avebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.4．Whatar

ethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Foodvariety.B．Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners.D．Restaurantservice.5．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwi

thhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.6．WhatdoweknowaboutMaz

oleny?A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He‟sfondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D．He‟sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout

?A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportanceofself-reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirel

esstechnology.【答案】4．B5．C6．D7．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。据一份报告显示，越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。4．推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自

吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三段Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Today,Ijustwantedso

metimetomyself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。6．推理判断题。根据第四段helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatuptheb

arkeeperwithwhomhe‟sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.可知，Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里安静查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧

台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。7．主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势，并总结了人们选择独自用餐的原因，故选A。4.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Thinkplantsarejustb

oringgreenthingsthatyouuseforfoodanddecoration?Thinkagain!Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou‟reprobablytotallyunawareof.Researchershaved

iscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytocommunicatewithanundergroundnetworkmadeupoffungus(真菌),whichserves

theplantsinmanyways.Tomatoplantsusethefunguswebtowarneachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions.Treesconnectedthroughthefungusnetworkcouldmovenu

trients(养分)toandfromeachother.Itisbelievedthatlargertreesmovenutrientstosmalleronestohelpthemtosurvive.Notonlythat,buttheycan

alsodamageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungus.ItsoundsliketheplantworldhadtheInte

rnetbeforewedid.Someplantshavearatherimpressivelineofdefenseagainstbeingeaten.Whensensingtheyarebeingswallowed,theygiveoffachemicalintotheairt

hatattractstheinsect‟snaturalenemy.Theenemyattacksthebug,thussavingtheplants.Thisisbasicallytheplantkingdomv

ersionofgettingyourolderbrothertobeatupthatkidwhostealsyourlunchmoney.Youmightbeawarethathumansandanimalshaveaninternalcloc

k.Butdidyouknowthatplantsalsohavethisclock?Thismeanstheycanprepareforcertaintimesofdayjustlikewedo.Isi

tbecausetheycanreacttolightatsunrise?Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregu

latethegenesresponsiblefortheplant‟sowninternalclock.So,inasense,―wakeupwithpetunias(矮牵牛)isjustasvalidas―wakeupwiththec

hickens.Natureisfullofsurprises.Soforthoseofyouwhodidn‟tknowthewondersofplants,nowyoudo.8．Howmanywaysdoesthenetworkoffungusservetheplants?A．Two.B．Thr

ee.C．Four.D．Five.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords―“yourolderbrother”inParagraph4referto?A．Thechemicalgivenoffbyplants.B．Theinsect‟snatura

lenemy.C．Thebugattackedbytheenemy.D．Theplanttobeeatenbytheinsect.10．Whathelpstheplantkeeptime?A．Thesugarsproducedbyitself.B．Itsowngenes.C．The

timeofsunrise.D．Itsresponsetolight.11．Whatistheauthor‟spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhisloveofdifferentplants.B．Toshareh

isstudyonsomeawesomeplants.C．Tointroducetheunknownabilitiesofplants.D．Tomakepeopleawareofplantprotection.【答案】8．B9．B10．A11．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了植物有很多人类没有

发现的本领，包括：拥有一个通过真菌为媒介的地下“网络”来互通消息、能够自己想办法防御昆虫袭击和拥有植物生物钟。8．推理判断题。根据第二段中的Tomatoplantsusethefunguswebtowarneachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions.Treesco

nnectedthroughthefungusnetworkcouldmovenutrients(养分)toandfromeachother.Itisbelievedthatlargertreesmovenutrientstosmalleronestohelpthemtosurvive.及第三段

中的Notonlythat,buttheycanalsodamageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungus.可知，真菌网状可以帮助西红柿发出自身处

于不健康状况的警告信息(usethefunguswebtowarneachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions)、传送营养物质(movenutrientstoandfromeachother)、通过传播有害化学物质破坏不良植

物(damageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungus)，因此真菌网状一共有三种方式为植物服务，故B项正确。9．词义猜测题。第四段讲述了植物有一种使人印象深刻的防止被吃的方式：当感觉到要被吃掉时，它们会释放一种化学

物质到空气中，吸引昆虫的天敌，天敌进而攻击昆虫，间接救了植物。这种现象就好像植物界的大哥代替你教训偷你午餐费的小孩一样。这句话把plants比喻成“你”，kid比喻成theinsect，因而yourolderbrother就是theinsect‟snat

uralenemy，故B项正确。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregula

tethegenesresponsiblefortheplant‟sowninternalclock.可知，植物可以利用自身产生的糖分来区分时间，这些糖分有助于调节作用于植物自身生物钟的基因，故A项正确。11．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Plantsareabletodosomepretty

awesomethingsthatyou‟reprobablytotallyunawareof.可知，作者指出植物有很多人类没有发现的本领，后文逐步展开、进行详细介绍，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍植物不为人知的能力，故C项正确。5.（

2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Theideathatcomputershavesomeamountof“intelligence”isnotnew,saysRalphHaupter,thepresidentofMic

rosoftAsia,pointingasfarbackas1950whencomputerpioneerAlanTuringaskedwhethermachinescanthink.“Soithastakennearly70yearsfortherightcombinatio

noffactorstocometogethertomoveAIfromconcepttoreality,”saysHaupter.Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestor

yofthecominggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you‟llfindAIwillbegintotouchyourlifein

manywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.“PersonalassistantAIswillkeepgettingsmarter.Asourpersonalassistan

tslearnmoreaboutourdailyroutines,IcanimaginethedayIneednottoworryaboutpreparingdinner.MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathom

e,andmakessurethatwhenIgetbackfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingf

or.”---AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA．“ThankstoAI,thefacewillbethenewcreditcard,thenewdriver‟slicenseandthenewbarcode(条形码).Fac

ialrecognitionisalreadycompletelytransformingsecuritywithbiometriccapabilitiesbeingadopted,andseeinghowtechnologyandbusinessa

reconnected,likeAmazoniswithWholeFoods,Icanseeanearfuturewherepeoplewillnolongerneedtostandinlineatthestore.”---GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstit

ute,aglobalresearchlaboratory.“2019willbetheyearAIbecomesrealformedicine.Bytheendoftheyearwe‟reseeingsolutionsforpopul

ationhealth,hospitaloperationsandabroadsetofclinicalspecialtiesquicklyfollowbehind.”---MarkMichalski,

executivedirector,MassachusettsGeneralHospital.12．WhatcanweknowaboutAIfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Peopledidn'texpectAItodevelopsorap

idly.B．TheideaofAIjustcameuprecently.C．TheconceptofAIwasputforwardbyRalphHaupter.D．Ittookmorethan70ye

arstoturntheconceptintoreality.13．WhoseesthefutureofAIdoinghouseworkinsteadofhumanbeing?A．AlanTuring.B．GeorgesNahon.C．MarkMichalski.D．AlejandroT

roccoli.14．WhatisGeorgesNahon‟sjob?A．Executivedirectorofahospital.B．Presidentofaresearchlaboratory.C．Chairmanofanenergycor

poration.D．Chiefoperatingofficerofanewspaper.15．Howisthepassagedeveloped?A．Byexplainingcauseandeffect.B．

Bypresentingresearchresults.C．Bylistingsomepredictions.D．Bydescribingpersonalexperiences.【答案】12．A13．D

14．B15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过AlecjandroTroccoli，GeorgesNahon以及MarkMichalski对人工智能未来将应用于的领域进行预测和说明。12．细节理解题。根据第二段Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartifi

cialintelligencewillbethestoryofthecominggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you‟llfindAIwillbegin

totouchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.（据预测，人工智能的发展将成为未来几代人的故事，而不仅仅是未来的一年，但随着2019年的到来，你会发现人工智能将开始在许多方面影响你的生活。）可知从

前两段我们可以了解到人们没想到人工智能会发展得这么快。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookat

home,andmakessurethatwhenIgetbackfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor.”---Alecj

androTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA.（我的人工智能知道我喜欢吃什么，一周中的哪几天我喜欢在家做饭，并确保当我下班回家时，所有的杂货都在门口等着我，为我准备好我一直渴望的美味佳肴。

——AlecjandroTroccoli，NVIDIA的高级研究科学家。）可知AlecjandroTroccoli能预见人工智能代替人类做家务的未来。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,aglobalrese

archlaboratory.（GeorgesNahon，全球研究实验室奥兰治研究所主任。）可知GeorgesNahon的工作是研究实验室的主任。故选B。15．推理判断题。结合文章第三、四和五段分别为AlecjandroTroccoli预测人工智能代替人类做家务的未来；GeorgesNahon预测

人脸识别将和商业结合在一起以及MarkMichalski对人工智能应用于医学的预测，可知这篇文章是通过列举一些预测进行论述展开的。故选C。6.（2020届广西桂林调研）Eachyear,halfamillionpeoplediefr

ombrainaneurysms（动脉瘤）—whenabloodvessel（血管）burstsinthebrain.Ananeurysmisabulge（膨胀）inabloodvesselthatcanburst.Ifthathappensi

nthebrain,itcanbedeadly.Forsurvivors,physicaldisabilitiesareoftensevere.Theymayincludememoryproblems,lossofbalance,tro

ublespeakingandevenblindness.Butnewtechnologiesareincreasingsurvivalratesandreducingdisabilities.BeaumontBaconisasurvivorwhomakesl

ightofherexperiencebecausesheisacomedian（喜剧演员）.Sheuseshumortomakeotherslaugh.Nowshe‟sworkingonanewshow.MichaelAlexanderisherdoctor.HeoperatedonBeaum

ontBaconafterherattack.“Shehadbleedinginthefrontalareaofherbrain,sorightabovetheeyes.Thepartthatwasinthebrainwa

saboutmaybethesizeofanegg.So,that‟safairlylargebleed.”Ms.Baconhadabetterchanceatsurvivalthanmostpeoplebecause

ofDr.Alexander.HedirectstheNeurovascularCenterinLosAngeles.Thecenteroffersnewtechnologiesthatincludeplacingacatheter（导管）intoananeu

rysm,thenthreadingwirestopromotebloodclots（血栓）.Thistechniquereducesthechancesofanotherburstbloodvessel.“Youdon‟thavetoopenupthesku

ll（头盖骨）oropenupthebraintodosurgery.It‟salldonefrominsidethebloodvessels.Soitreducestheamountofbloodl

oss,andtherecoveryismuchfaster.”ForBeaumontBacon‟srecovery,thehospitalworkedtopreventproblemscommonlyfoundinpatientswithaburstaneurysm.Thepro

blemsincludebrainswellingthatcanshutdownbloodvessels.Shespentamonthinacoma（昏迷）—unabletocommunicatewithdoctors,friendsandlovedones.Butwithayearoft

reatment,sherecovered.Now,sheismakingpeoplelaugh.12．Whatdoyouknowaboutaneurysms?A．Notechnologiescantreatthemnowadays.B．Theymaycausesever

edisabilities.C．Fewpeoplediefromthemeveryyear.D．Theyaredeadlywherevertheyhappen.13．ThenewtechnologyhasthefollowingbenefitsEXCEPTthat________.A

．itismuchfasterforthepatienttorecoverB．itbringsnoproblemsaftertheoperationC．itreducestheamountofbloodlossD．itdoesn‟tneedtoopen

upthebraintooperate14．ItcanbeknownfromthepassagethatBeaumontBacon________.A．wasalwaysinanunconsciousstateaftertheoperationB．r

ecoveredsoonafterthetreatmentC．returnedtoworkafterthetreatmentD．wasthefirsttotrythenewtechnology15．Theauthorshow

stheeffectofthetechnologyby________.A．providinganexampleB．makingcomparisonsC．offeringdataD．givingexplanations【答案】12．B13．B14．C1

5．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对动脉瘤的医学新技术正在帮助人们提高存活率和减少残疾。文中通过喜剧演员BeaumontBacon的亲身事例介绍了这项新技术在动脉瘤上的治疗效果。12．细节理解题。第一段最后一句提到“Butnewtechnologiesareincre

asingsurvivalratesandreducingdisabilities.”新的技术正在提高存活率和减少残疾后遗症，故A项错误。第一句提到“Eachyear,halfamillionpeoplediefrombrain

aneurysms”每一年都有50万人死于脑动脉瘤，故C、D项错误。第一段第4句提到“Forsurvivors,physicaldisabilitiesareoftensevere.”对于幸存者而言，可能

会导致很严重的身体残疾。由此可判断动脉瘤的后遗症是造成残疾。故选B。13．细节理解题。第三段第四句提到“Thistechniquereducesthechancesofanotherburstbloodvessel.“Youdon‟thavetoo

penuptheskull（头盖骨）oropenupthebraintodosurgery.It‟salldonefrominsidethebloodvessels.Soitreducestheamoun

tofbloodloss,andtherecoveryismuchfaster.””这项技术降低了血管破裂的可能性，也不需要打开头盖骨做手术，同时也减少了失血量，恢复的速度也非常的快。故选B。14．推理判断题。最后一段最后一句提到“Butwithayearoftreatment,sherecove

red.Now,sheismakingpeoplelaugh.”经过一年的治疗后，Bacon康复了，又重新逗人发笑了，即Bacon重新展开了自己喜剧演员的工作。故选C。15．推理判断题。分析文章内容及结构可知，这是一篇说明文，文章第一段提到动脉瘤的后遗症以及现在新技术在动

脉瘤中的运用。后文中则以喜剧演员Bacon为例介绍了这项新技术的操作方式、优势及术后恢复等情况，由此判断，本文采用了举例子的手法。故选A。7.（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）We‟veknownthatsittingforlongperiodsoftime

everydayhascountlesshealthconsequences,likeahigherriskofheartdisease.Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobad

foryourbrain.Astudypublishedlastweek,conductedbyDr.PrabhaSiddarthattheUniversityofCalifornia,showedthatsedentary（久坐的）behaviorisassociate

dwithreducedthicknessofthemedialtemporallobe（中颞叶）,abrainareathatiscriticaltolearningandmemory.Theresearchersaskedagroupof35healthypeople,ag

es45to70,abouttheiractivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhourseachdayspentsittingandthenscannedtheirbrains.Theyfoundthat

thesubjectswhoreportedsittingforlongerperiodshadthethinnestmedialtemporallobes.Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspen

dinachairtheworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignificantassoci

ationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynot

beenoughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon‟tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecognition（认知）;ju

ststandingwilldothetrick.Forexample,twogroupsofsubjectswereaskedtocompleteatestwhileeithersittingorstanding.Participantsarepresentedwithconflictin

gstimuli（刺激）,liketheword“green”inblueink,andaskedtonamethecolor.Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya3-milicondmargin.The

cognitiveeffectsofseverephysicalexercisearewellknown.Butthepossibilitythatstandingmoreandsittinglessimprovesbrainhealthcouldlowerthebarforevery

one.Iknow,thisallrunscountertoreceivedideasaboutdeepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin

‟sfamous“Thinker,”seatedwithchinonhand.Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.8．WhatcanweinferfromParagraphs3and4?A．Severeexercisecanlessenthedamag

eofsitting.B．Severeexercisecangreatlyimproveourbrainhealth.C．Sedentarybehaviorwillpossiblydamageourbrain.D．Brainhealthhasnothingtodowithsed

entarybehavior.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“margin”inParagraph5mean?A．blank.B．edge.C．decrease.D．difference

.10．Whatisthereceivedideaaboutdeepthought?A．Sittingmoreisgoodforourmentalhealth.B．Sittingisbetterwhenwethink.C．Exercisemorecanimproveourcogni

tion.D．Weshouldstandwhilethinking.11．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．peopletendtositwhilethinkingB．standingm

orecanmakeourbrainhealthierC．physicalexercisecanimproveourbrainhealthD．sedentarybehaviorleadstocountlesshealthproblems【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．B【解

析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的这一现象。8．推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairtheworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossi

bledamagetolearningandmemory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。）和第四段中的“Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignifican

tassociationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbeen

oughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.”（有趣的是，这项研究没有发现身体活动水平和大脑区域厚度之间有显著的关联，这表明运动，甚至是剧烈运动，可能不足以保护你免受坐姿的有害影响。），可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们的大脑

。故选C项。9．词义猜测题。由第五段最后一句“Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya32-millisecondmargin.”（站着思考的受试者会以32毫秒的差异击

败坐着的受试者。），可知margin在此处意为“差异”。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Iknow,thisallrunscountertoreceivedideasaboutdeepthought,fro

mourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin‟sfamous“Thinker,”seatedwithchinonhand.”（我知道，这一切都与我们从小学老师那里得到的

关于深思熟虑的想法背道而驰，他们让我们坐下集中注意力，还有罗丹著名的“思想者”，手托下巴坐着。），可知我们以前接受的关于深思熟虑的想法是坐着思考更好。故选B项。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Butnowanewst

udyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.”（但现在一项新的研究发现，坐着对大脑也有害。），第三段最后一句“Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairtheworseitisfor

yourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。），第五段

中的“Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon‟tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecognition;juststandingwilldothetrick

.”（结果令人惊讶的是，你甚至不需要移动太多来增强认知能力；仅仅站着就可以了。）和最后一段“Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.”（他们错了。你们现在都可以站起来了。）可知，文章主要介绍了多站立能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的现象。故选B项。8.（202

0届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）Ifyou‟vespentanyamountoftimeboating,fishing,orbird-watchingatlakesandrivers,youhavemostlikelysee

nfishesjumpingoutofthewater.Ihaveseenitmanytimes.Certainly,fisheswillexitwaterindesperateattemptstoescapeenemies

.Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebehavior,formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.Butjustaswemayrunfastfromfunorfromfear,differentemo

tionsmightmotivatefishestojump.Mobularays（蝸鲼）aren‟tmotivatedbyfearwhentheythrowtheirimpressivebodies—uptoaseventeen

-footwingspan(thedistancefromtheendofonewingtotheendoftheother)andatoninweight—skywardinleap（跳跃）ofuptotenfeet.Theydo

itinschools（鱼群）ofhundreds.Theyusuallylandontheirbellies,butsometimestheylandontheirbacks.Somescientiststhink

itmightbeawayofremovingparasites（寄生虫）.ButIthinkthattheraysareenjoyingthemselves.IntheclearwatersofFlorida‟sChassahowitzkaNation

alWildlifeRefuge,Iwatchedseveralschoolsoffiftyormoremullets（鲻鱼）movinginbeautifulformation.Theirwell-builtbodiesweremostevidentwhentheyleaped

fromthewater.MostofthetimeIsawoneortwoleapsbyafish,butonemadeaseriesofseven.Theyusuallylandontheirside

s.Eachjumpwasaboutafootclearofthewaterandtwotothreefeetinlength.Nobodyknowsforsurewhythefishleaps.Oneidea

isthattheydoittotakeinoxygen.Theideaissupportedbythefactthatmulletsleapmorewhenthewaterislowerinoxygen,bu

tischallengedbythelikelihoodthatjumpingcostsmoreenergythanisgainedbybreathingair.Itishardtoimaginetheywillfeelanyfreshe

rwhenbackinwater.Mightthesefishesalsobeleapingforfun?Thereissomenewevidence.GordonM.Burghardtrecentlypublishedaccountsofadozentyp

esoffishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloatingobjects—sticks,plants,sunningturtle—fornoclearreasonotherthanentertainment.12．Whatcanwesayaboutthedo

lphinsinParagraph1?A．Theyhavegreatescapingskills.B．Theyareeasilyfrightened.C．Theyareveryclever.D．Theylovejumping.13

．Whatdotherayandthemullethaveincommonwhenjumping?A．Bothdoitingroups.B．Bothlandontheirbellies.C．Bothjumpmanyfeetoutofwater.D

．Bothmakeleapsoneaftertheother.14．HowdoestheauthorfeelabouttheideamentionedinParagraph4?A．Itisvaluable.B．Itisinteresting.C．Itisimag

inative.D．Itisquestionable.15．Whichmaybethereasonforfishleapsaccordingtotheauthor?A．Toremoveparasites.B．Toamusethemselves.C．Totakeinmoreoxygen

.D．Toexpresspositiveemotions.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鱼为何要跃出水面，一些人认为是因为情绪的激发和要去除寄生虫，但作者认为它们可能是为了享受快乐。12．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Dolphinstake

advantageofthebehavior,formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.”（海豚利用这种行为，围成一个圈，在半空中抓住受惊的鱼。）可知，海豚能够巧妙地吃掉跃出水面的鱼，说明它们很

聪明。故选C项。13．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Theydoitinschools（鱼群）ofhundreds.”（蝸鲼成群跳跃。）和第三段中的“Iwatchedseveralschoolsoffiftyormoremullets（鲻

鱼）movinginbeautifulformation.”（我看到几个由50只或更多的鲻鱼组成的鱼群以美丽的队形移动。）可知，蝠鲼和鲻鱼都是成群地跳跃。故选A项。14．推理判断题。由第四段中的“Itishardtoimaginetheyw

illfeelanyfresherwhenbackinwater.”（很难想象当它们回到水里时会感觉更新鲜。）可知，作者认为第四段提到的猜想是值得怀疑的。故选D项。15．推理判断题。由第二段中的“ButIthinkthattheraysareenjoyingthemselves.”

（但我觉得它们很享受光线。）和最后一段中的“GordonM.Burghardtrecentlypublishedaccountsofadozentypesoffishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloatingobjects—

sticks,plants,sunningturtle—fornoclearreasonotherthanentertainment.”（GordonM.Burghardt最近发表了一系列关于十几种鱼类反复跳跃的报

道，有时是在漂浮的物体上，树枝，植物，晒海龟，除了娱乐之外，没有其他明确的原因。）可知，作者认为鱼跃出水面可能是为了享受快乐。故选B项。9.（2020届河南省焦作市高三三模）What‟sthedealwithnewwords?Wheredotheycomefroman

dhowdotheygofromunknowntoofficial?First,newwordshavetocirculateinculturetomakeitintothedictionary.Theyhavetobeused

andunderstood.Wordshaveamuchbetterchanceofgettingaddedtothedictionaryifyouseetheminprintorheartheminconversation.It‟sactuallyafull-timejobtosearch

popularcommunicationtofigureoutwhatnewwordsaresurfacinginourvernacular（方言）.Lexicographersgettodecidewhichwordsmakeitintothedictionary,andthey

dosobyreadingwidelyacrossindustriesanddisciplines.However,theyalsomakedecisionsaboutwhichidiomsmakeitin.Dictionariescansometi

mesgetover1,000newwordsperyear.In2019theMerriam-Websteraddedover600inAprilandanother500+inSeptember.A

fterlexicographersdecidewhichwordswillbeincluded,theywriteanewdefinition.Someexistingwordsalsogainadditionalmeani

ngs,andthereareusuallythousandsofrevisions.Thedictionaryisaconstantlychangingwork-in-progress,justlikethelanguageitdesc

ribesanddefines.Forinstance,theword“peak”recentlywentfrombeingjustasharp,pointedendtoalsobeingsomethingattheheightofpo

pularity.Occasionallyfakewordsactuallyendupinthedictionarybymistake.Ifyouhaveawordthatyouthinkshouldbeinthedictionary,you

‟rewelcometogetintouchwiththelexicographersandsuggestit.However,thewordneedstobefairlypopular.Ithastohave“widespread,frequent,meanin

gfulusage”.Forinstance,OMGwasaddedtothedictionaryin2009afterlexicographershadobserveditingeneraluseforabout15years.Newwordsspringfromnewtechnologie

sanddisciplines,butthey‟reveryofteninventedbyauthorsandwriterswholovelanguageandplaywithittocreatenewmeanings.Oneofthegreatestcreator

swasWilliamShakespearewhocreatedover1,700newwordsoftenbyadaptingusageandusingnewcompounds.He‟sresponsibleforwordslikeeyeball,excitement,fashionable,a

ndlonely.“Hard-boiled”wasinventedbyMarkTwain.8．Whatkindofnewwordscanbeincludedindictionaries?A．Wordswhichh

avebeenwidelyusedforlong.B．Wordswhichwerecreatedbyfamouswriters.C．Wordswhichhavebeenspokenbysomelocals.D．Wordswhichf

requentlyappearinaprivateconversation.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Lexicographers”inthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A．Newwordcreators.B．W

ritersofadictionary.C．Specialistsinlanguages.D．Historiansonancientcultures.10．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofadictionary?A

．Quiteambiguous.B．Error-free.C．Extremelyrigid.D．Graduallydeveloping.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtheDictionaryIsRevisedB．

HowNewWordsSpreadinCultureC．HowWordsGetAddedtotheDictionaryD．HowNewWordsAreInventedbyFamousAuthors【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述

新词是如何被收录入词典成为官方语言的。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“First,newwordshavetocirculateinculturetomakeitintothedictionary.Theyhaveto

beusedandunderstood.Wordshaveamuchbetterchanceofgettingaddedtothedictionaryifyouseetheminprintorheartheminconversation.(首先，新词必须在文化中流传，才能

被收入词典。它们必须被使用和理解。如果你在出版物中看到或在对话中听到这些词，它们被收入词典的机会要大得多。)”可知，新词必须得到了广泛使用才被收录到字典里。故选A项。9．词义猜测题。根据划线单词之后的动作内容“decidewhichwordsma

keitintothedictionary,andtheydosobyreadingwidelyacrossindustriesanddisciplines.”可知，Lexicographers决定了那些词被收录入词典，因此他们应是词典编撰者。

故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Thedictionaryisaconstantlychangingwork-in-progress,justlikethelanguageitdescribesanddefines.(字典就像它所描述和定义的语言一样，是一

个不断变化的半成品)”可知，在作者看来，词典时在不断变化的。故选D项。11．主旨大意题。根据文章结构为总分结构，首段提出了本文的中心话题。作者用设问的方式提出了话题“What‟sthedealwithnewwords?Wheredotheycomefro

mandhowdotheygofromunknowntoofficial?First,newwordshavetocirculateinculturetomakeitintothedictionary.(新词是怎么回事?他们从何而来，又如何从默默无闻走向官方?首先，新词必须在文化中流传，才能被收入

词典。)”可知，本文主要讲述新词是如何被收录入词典成为官方语言的。选项C.HowWordsGetAddedtotheDictionary概括了文章主题，可作最佳标题。故选C项。10.（2020届河南省六

市第一次模拟）We‟veknownforyearsthatplantscansee,hear,smellandcommunicatewithchemicals.Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenre

cordedmakingsoundswhenstressed.Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foundthattoma

toandtobaccoplantscanmakeultrasonic(超声的)noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirstems(茎)

arecut.It‟sjusttoohigh-pitched(音调高的)forhumanstohear.Microphonesplaced10centimetersawayfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20

to100kilohertz(千赫兹).Humanhearingusuallyrangesfrom20hertzto20kilohertz.“Thesefindingscanalterthewaywethinkabouttheplantkingdom,”theywrote.On

average,“thirsty”tomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowingh

our,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Perhapsmostinterestingly,differenttypesofstre

ssledtodifferentsounds.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltoseparatetheplants‟soundsfromthoseofthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenh

ouse.Inmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearsto

makeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.AlthoughKhaitandhiscolleaguesonlylookedattomatoandtobaccoplants,theythinkotherplan

tsalsomakesoundswhenstressed.Iffarmerscouldhearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgivewatertotheplantsthatneeditmost.Asclimatechangecausesmoredroug

hts,theysaidthiswouldbeimportantinformationforfarmers.“Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeus

edinprecisionagriculture(精准农业),”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Khait‟sreportalsosuggestthatinsetsandmammalsca

nhearthesoundsupto5metersawayandrespond.Forexample,amoth(蛾子)maydecidenottolayeggsonawater-stressedplant.EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLaus

anne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.Ifplantsar

escreamingforfearoftheirsurvival,shouldwebethankfulwecan‟thearthem?28．WhatdidKhaitandhisteamfindfromtheirresearch?A．Pla

ntsmadelow-pitchedsoundswhenindanger.B．Plantswereabletoproducesoundsinresponsetostresses.C．Plantspickedupawiderrangeofsoundswh

enstressed.D．Plantsmadeultrasonicnoisestocommunicatewitheachother.29．Howdidtomatoandtobaccoplantsreacttodifferent

stressesaccordingtothetext?A．Aplantreactedtodifferentstresseswiththesamesound.B．Cuttomatoplantsproducedm

oresoundsperhourthanwater-hungryones.C．Cuttobaccoplantsseemedtomakeweakersoundsthandrought-stressedones.D．Tobaccoplantsmightmakeloudersoundsthantom

atoplantswhenshortofwater.30．What‟sthemainideaofParagraph6?A．Thepotentialapplicationsoftheresearch.B．Challengesfacingfarmersinthefuture.C

．Farmers„contributionstotheresearch.D．Whatthefutureagriculturewillbelike.31．Theunderlinedword“speculative”inthesecond-to-l

astparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto“________”.A．practicalB．unsuspectedC．unsupportedD．complicated【答案】28．B29

．C30．A31．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项尚未发表的研究发现，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，不同类型的压力导致了不同的声音。28．细节理解题。根据第一段中Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhenst

ressed.现在，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。以及第二段中Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foun

dthattomatoandtobaccoplantscanmakeultrasonic(超声的)noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirs

tems(茎)arecut.在一项尚未发表的研究中，以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克·凯特(ItzhakKhait)和他的团队发现，番茄和烟草植物可以发出超声波。由于缺水或茎被剪断时，植物会“哭泣”。可知，Khait和他的团队发现植物能够发出声音来应对压力。故选B项。29．细节理解题。根据第五段中I

nmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungryt

obaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.在大多数情况下，它能根据声音的强度和频率，正确地识别出压力是由干燥引起的还是由切割引起的。例如，缺水的烟草似乎比切下来的烟草发出的声音更大。可知，

切下来的烟草发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下的烟草发出的声音要弱。故选C项。30．主旨大意题。根据第六段中Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswouldbeimportantinformationforfarmers.“Theso

undsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture(精准农业),”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Ke

w,intheUK.他们说，随着气候变化导致更多的干旱，这对农民来说将是重要的信息。“受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业，”英国皇家植物园的AnneVisscher说。可知，本段主要是讲述了研究发现植物能发出声音对农业的影响，也就是研究在农业的潜在应用价值。故选A项。31．

词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculati

ve”.瑞士洛桑大学的EdwardFarmer对此表示怀疑。他说，让飞蛾听植物的声音这种想法“有点太___________了”。由doubtful可知EdwardFarmer不确定这种说法是否正确，因此猜测划线词speculative意为“未

经证实的，推测性的”。故选C项。11.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Manycollegestudentswanttolookforseasonal,short-termorpart-timejobstogetextracash,tostaybusyo

rtogetworkingexperience.LifeguardThejobisagreatopportunitytobuildyourfitness,keeppeoplesafeandbeoutdoorstoenjoysomefunonthebeachinthesun.Theav

eragehourlywageforlifeguardsis$9.31,butthosewithcertificationsorpreviousexperiencemaybeabletoearnabitmore.Nan

ny(保姆)Studentscanfindplentyofpositionsasparentsscramble(争抢)toarrangeactivitiesandfindcarefortheirchildren.Studentswhoenjoyspendin

gtimewithkids,stayingactiveandbeingoutdoorscanspendtheirleisuretimemakingmoneywithoutevenfeelinglikethey‟reworking.Nanniesmake$14.56perhour.CampCon

sultantStudentswhoenjoyspendingtheirtimewithchildren,beingaleaderandmonitoringfunoutdooractivitiesareperfectfor

campconsultantpositions.Theaveragehourlywageforcampconsultantsis$9.28,butthosewithmanyyears‟experienceorspecificacademicbackgroundsmaybeabl

etoearnmore.FoodServerAlthoughitmaynotseemlikethemostattractivewaytospendaweekend,workingaswaitstaffallowsstudentstobuilduptheirsocialskills,stayac

tive,enjoyfreemealsatworkandposilyeducatethemselvesaboutdifferentcuisines.However,foodserversneedtobeontheirfee

tforhoursatatimeandmustbeabletomulti-tasklikeprofessionals,sotakethisintoaccountbeforesubmittinganapplication.Theave

ragesalaryis$9.00hourly,buttripscanraisethatnumber.1．Whoarethetwojobsnannyandcampconsultantmostfitfor?A．Studentswhowanttodeveloptheirsoc

ialskills.B．Studentswholovestayingwithchildren.C．Studentswholovetraveling.D．Studentswholovecamping.2．What

shouldyoutakeintoconsiderationbeforeapplyingtobeafoodserver?A．Thewayofcooking.B．Thefoodyoucanenjoy.C．Longstandingtimeatwork.D．Skillingettingtipsfr

omcustomers.3．Whatjobcanyoudoifyou‟regoodatswimming?A．Alifeguard.B．Ananny.C．Acampconsultant.D．Afoodserver.【答案】1．B2．C3．A【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。许多大学生想找季节性的、短期的或兼职的工作，以获得额外的现金、保持忙碌或获得工作经验。文章介绍了几个适合大学生的工作。1．细节理解题。根据Nanny(保姆)部分中的Studentswhoenjoyspendingtimewithkid

s,stayingactiveandbeingoutdoorscanspendtheirleisuretimemakingmoneywithoutevenfeelinglikethey‟reworking.(那些喜欢花时间和孩子们在一起，保持活跃和

户外活动的学生可以在业余时间赚钱，甚至感觉不到他们在工作)和CampConsultant部分中的Studentswhoenjoyspendingtheirtimewithchildren,beingaleaderandmonitor

ingfunoutdooractivitiesareperfectforcampconsultantpositions.(那些喜欢花时间和孩子们在一起、成为领导者、监督有趣的户外活动的学生是夏令营顾问职位的最佳人选)可知，喜欢和孩子呆在一起的学生最适合做保姆和

夏令营顾问这两份工作。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据FoodServer部分中的However,foodserversneedtobeontheirfeetforhoursatatimeandmustbeabletomulti-tasklikeprofess

ionals,sotakethisintoaccountbeforesubmittinganapplication.(然而，食品服务员需要一次站几个小时，并且必须能够像专业人员一样同时处理多项任务，所以在提交申请之前要考虑到这一点)可知，在申请成为一名食品服务员之前，你应该考虑需要长时间的站着工作

。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据Lifeguard部分中的Thejobisagreatopportunitytobuildyourfitness,keeppeoplesafeandbeoutdoorstoenjoysomefunonthebeachint

hesun.(这份工作是锻炼身体、保证人身安全、享受阳光沙滩乐趣的好机会)可知，如果你擅长游泳，你可以做一名救生员。故选A。12.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Doyoulookdownwhenyouspeak?

Playwithyourhair?Leantooneside?Everylastgesturetellsastory.Whatyouaresayingtoothersisnotonlyreflectedinthewordscomingfromyourmouth,bu

talsothroughthegesturesandmotionsyoumakewithyourbody.KristinAppenbrink,AssociateEditorforRealSimple.com,showswhatyourbodylanguageissayingabouty

ou.Standingwithyourlegstogetherisconsideredmoreofaconservativestance(站姿).Itlookslikeasoliderfacinghisofficer.Thiswayofstandingusuall

yindicatesrespect.Thiswayyoumoveyourbodyreflectsyourattitude.Andshiftingyourweightfromsidetosideorfronttobackindicate

sthatyouareanxiousordisappointed.Basically,thisisaphysicalrepresentationofwhatisgoingoninyourhead:youare

havingsomanyunsettlingthoughtsthatyoucan‟tstopmovingfromonetotheother.Crossingyourarmsandlegsisadefensiveposition.Takenoteofthesurro

undings.Moreoftenthannot,thisjustmeansapersoniscold.Manypeoplealsofindthispositiontobecomfortable.Pointingtoes(脚

趾)in,bigtoetobigtoe,indicatesyouareclosingyourselfoffbecauseyoufeelawkwardorinsecure.But,ifyou‟resittingupstraightwi

thyourshouldersaligned(对齐的)andyourheadup—signsofanopenbodyposition—yourfeetmaybebetrayingyou.Openingupyourhandsbyspreadingyou

rhandsmeansyouareopentonewideasbeingoffered.Facingyourpalmsdownorgraspingyourfistsfirmlyshowsyouhaveastrongposition—onetha

tmaynotbesoflexible.8．WhichofthefollowingdoesKristinAppenbrinkprobablyagreewith?A．Bodylanguagewillrepla

cespokenlanguage.B．Standingwitharmscrossingindicatesrespect.C．Bodylanguagecanexpresswhatwewanttosay.D．Ourbodies‟motionsaredifferentfromou

rgestures.9．Whattechniqueofwritingismainlyusedinthetext?A．Makingcomparisons.B．Analysingcauses.C．Raisingquestions.D．Givingexam

ples.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unsettling”meaninparagraph3?A．Satisfying.B．Upsetting.C．Doubtful.D．Unconsc

ious.11．Whatdoesoneshowifhepointshistoesin,bigtoetobigtoe?A．Hefeelsembarrassedandunsafe.B．Hethinkssomeonehasbetrayedhim.

C．Hefeelslikehidingsomethingfromothers.D．He‟swillingtoacceptnewideasfromothers.【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一个动作都在讲述一个故事。你对别人说

的话不仅反映在你嘴里说的话里，也反映在你用身体做的手势和动作里。RealSimple网站的副主编KristinAppenbrink展出示你的不同肢体语言在暴露出关于你的不同信息。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的KristinAppenbrink,Associate

EditorforRealSimple.com,showswhatyourbodylanguageissayingaboutyou.(RealSimple网站的副主编KristinAppenbrink展出示你的不同肢体语言在暴露出出关

于你的心不同信息)可推知，KristinAppenbrink可能同意“肢体语言可以表达我们想说的话”。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Standingwithyourlegstogetherisconsidered

moreofaconservativestance(站姿).”到五段的“Openingupyourhandsbyspreadingyourhandsmeansyouareopentonewideasbeingoffered.”陈述可知

，文章主要列举了一些生活中的肢体语言所表达的意义，由此判断出，文章主要使用举例的写作方法。故选D。10．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句前的Andshiftingyourweightfromsidetosideorfronttobackindicatesthatyouareanxiousor

disappointed.(将身体重心从一侧移到另一侧或从前移到后表明你感到焦虑或失望)及划线词后面的thatyoucan‟tstopmovingfromonetotheother(以至于你无法停止从一侧移到另一侧)可推知，uns

ettlingthoughts意为“不安的或焦虑的想法”，划线词与B.Upsetting.(令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的)意义接近。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Pointingtoes(脚趾)in,bigtoetob

igtoe,indicatesyouareclosingyourselfoffbecauseyoufeelawkwardorinsecure.(脚趾向内指，从大脚趾指向大脚趾，表示你因为感到尴尬或不安全而把自己封闭

起来)可知，如果一个人把他的脚趾指向里面，从大脚趾指向大脚趾，会显示他感到尴尬和不安全。故选A。13.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）Fearofthecontagion(传染病)hasrestrictedairtr

avelandpeoplearequestioningthesafetyoftravelingonshipsforpleasure.Butoneexpertsayspeoplecouldeffectivelyprotectthems

elvesandothersfromtheinfectiousvirusbydoingonesimplething:washingtheirhands.ChristosNicolaides,aphysicist,workswit

hcomputermodelsthatsimulate(模拟)thespreadofdisease.“Theairtransportationnetworkisthemainpathwayforaglobaldiseasespread,”Nicolaidessaid.

Tounderstandthis,thinkofallthethingsyouandothershandleatanairport.Whenpeoplecoughorsneeze,verysmalldrop

sofmucus(粘液)flythroughtheair.Theylandonsurfacesofthingsthatotherpeoplehandle.Nicolaidesledastudywhichfoundthatifyouwanttoslowthei

nfectionofadisease,focusonhand-washing.Hesaidresearcherstriedtofindtherateofhand-washingaroundtheworld.Earlierstudiesshowedthat70percentofpeoplewa

shtheirhandsafterusingatoilet,butonlyaboutsevenpercentdoitcorrectly.Nicolaidessaid,“Youshouldwashyourhandswith

soapandwaterforatleast15seconds.Myresearchersstudiedthis,andwefoundoutthatifyouvisitanairportanytimein

theworld,youwillrealizethatonlyonefifthpeoplehavecleanhands.”Nicolaidesthenstudied“super-spreader”airports,Hesaid,“A„super-spreader‟

airportisanairportthatcombinestwoqualities.Thefirstoneisthatithasalotoftrafficandalotofpeople.Andtheotheroneisthatitis

connectedtomanyotherairportswithmanyotherinternationalflights.Theseairportsareverybusy,suchastheJohnF.KennedyairportinNewYork,LosAngele

sInternational.”Nicolaidessaidthatif60percentoftravelershadcleanhands,thepossibilityofslowingaglobaldiseasewouldriseby69perce

nt.Butevenifjust30percentoftravelershadcleanhands,thespreadofdiseasecoulddropby24percent.Hesaid,“Educatingthepublicisthemostimportant.”12

．Whatkindofeffectdoesthecontagionhave?A．Flightsandshipsaretotallycanceled.B．Travellingcostsaregreatlyincreased.C．Peopleworryaboutthes

afetyoftravelling.D．Thedevelopmentofworldeconomyisstopped.13．Whatisthemaincauseoftheglobalspreadofthedisease

?A．Peopletouchpublicfacilitieswithviruswhiletraveling.B．Thegovernmenttakeslittlenoticeofthedisease.C．Thegovernmentfailstocontrolthediseas

e.D．Peopleareunawareoftheirsickness.14．Whatcanweinferfromearlierstudiesinthetext?A．30%ofpeopledon‟twas

htheirhands.B．Mostpeoplehavevisited“super-spreader”airports.C．Visitingairportsincreasestheriskofinfectingdiseases.D．Fewpeoplerealizerightwaysofwashin

ghandsafterusingatoilet.15．What‟sthemainideaofthistext?A．Expertsfindcorrectwaystowashhands.B．Washinghandshelpsstopspreadingcontagions.C．Contagions

havecausedresearchers‟greatconcern.D．Travellingbyplaneincreasesrisksofspreadingdisease.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。对传染的恐惧已经限制了航空旅行，人们开

始质疑坐船游玩的安全性。但一位专家表示，人们可以通过一件简单的事情来有效地保护自己和他人免受这种传染性病毒的感染：那就是洗手。文章对此进行了介绍。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Fearofthecontagion(传

染病)hasrestrictedairtravelandpeoplearequestioningthesafetyoftravelingonshipsforpleasure.(对传染的恐惧已经限制了航空旅行，人们开始质疑坐船游玩

的安全性)可知，传染病让人们担心旅行的安全。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Theairtransportationnetworkisthemainpathwayforaglobaldiseasesprea

d,”Nicolaidessaid.Tounderstandthis,thinkofallthethingsyouandothershandleatanairport.Whenpeoplecoughorsneeze,verysmalldropsofmucus(

粘液)flythroughtheair.Theylandonsurfacesofthingsthatotherpeoplehandle.(“航空运输网络是全球疾病传播的主要途径，”尼克莱德斯说。要理解这

一点，想想你和其他人在机场处理的所有事情。当人们咳嗽或打喷嚏时，空气中会有非常小的粘液滴。他们降落在别人处理的东西的表面)可推知，人们在旅行时接触了带有病毒的公共设施，这是该疾病在全球传播的主要原因。故选A。14

．推理判断题。根据第三段中的Earlierstudiesshowedthat70percentofpeoplewashtheirhandsafterusingatoilet,butonlyaboutsevenpercentdoitcorrectly.(较早的研究显

示，70%的人上完厕所后会洗手，但只有7%的人能正确洗手)可推知，在早期研究中发现，很少有人意识到上厕所后洗手的正确方法。故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Butoneexpertsayspeoplecould

effectivelyprotectthemselvesandothersfromtheinfectiousvirusbydoingonesimplething:washingtheirhands.(但一位专家表示，人们可以通过一件

简单的事情来有效地保护自己和他人免受这种传染性病毒的感染：那就是洗手)及下文的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了洗手有助于阻止传染病的传播。故选B。14.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三调研联考）PuttingMoviesonMobilesMoviesinth

etheatergettheirrecognitionatawardsceremoniessuchastheOscars.Buthowaboutmoviesforphones?Theyaregettingtheirtur

natMoFilm-thefirstmobilefilmfestival.ThefirstMoFilmcompetitionreceived250entriesfrommorethan100countries.Entrieswererestrictedtofilmsthatwere

fiveminutesorlessinlength-bestforviewingandsharingonmobilephones.Anindependentteamofjudgesthenselectedashortlistoffivefilm-makers.Thewinnerwaschos

enfromtheshortlistbyanaudiencevotingusingtheirphones.NewPlatformsTheawardshighlighttheincreasinginfluencethatmobilephonesaresho

wingintheentertainmentindustry.Manygrassrootsfilmmakersstartoutwithshortfilms.Theyarethwartedbythelackofopportunitiestoscreentheirw

ork.Therefore,mobilephonesareincreasinglybeingseenasanewplatformfortheseshortworks.Itisagoodplaceforanyonewhowantstoexpressthemselvesan

dfindawaytohavethatexpressionbeseenbyawideaudience.Justthinkabouthowmanypeoplehavemobilephonesintheworld!NewTechnologyAdvancesMoFilmispioneer

ingcontentformobileandonlineservicesthatisaworldawayfromHollywood.Themajorityoffilmsmadeformobilesarenowshortinlength,takingintoacc

ountthescreensize.Howeverthiscouldbeovercomeastechnologyadvances.Inthenearfuture,longerfilmswilllikelybeseenonthemobilephone.Andtherea

remobilecompaniescreatingphoneswhereuserscanwatchmoviesathigherquality.Whereveryouseemovies,onethingiscertain

:thequalityofwork,thesimpleabilityatstorytelling，andthethingthatinspiressomeonetotellastorycanreallycome

fromanywhere.21．Theunderlinedword“thwarted”means“_____”.A．surprisedB．frightenedC．disappointedD．encouraged22．No

wadaysthemajorityoffilmsmadeformobilesareshortinlengthbecauseof_____.A．thescreensizeB．onlineservicesC．technologyadvances

D．themobilephone23．Wecanlearnfromthetext_____.A．Itisimpossibletoseelongerfilmsonmobilephone.B．Mobilecompanieswillcreating

morefilms.C．Thequalityworkcanonlybeseeninthetheater.D．ThequalityofworkcanalsobeseenfromMoFilms.【答案】21．C22．A23．D【解析

】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述手机电影开始亮相并且随着科学进步，手机上可以观看更高质量的电影，手机在娱乐行业将更具影响力。21．词义猜测题。根据上文Manygrassrootsfilmmakersstartoutwithsho

rtfilms.许多草根电影制作人都是从短片起步的，再根据下文bythelackofopportunitiestoscreentheirwork由于缺少拍摄工作的机会，可知草根电影制片人受到挫折或感到失望，进而从开始

拍摄短片电影开始，由此可以推断thwarted意为受挫的，同disappointed意思相近，故选C。22．细节理解题。根据文章中的描述Themajorityoffilmsmadeformobilesarenowsho

rtinlength,takingintoaccountthescreensize.考虑到屏幕尺寸，大多数手机电影的长度都很短，由此可知，大多数手机电影很短是因为手机屏幕尺寸的问题，故选A。23．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Inthenearfuture,longerfilmswi

lllikelybeseenonthemobilephone.Andtherearemobilecompaniescreatingphoneswhereuserscanwatchmoviesathigherquality.在不久的将来，更长的电影可能会在手机上观看。还有一些移动公司

正在开发手机，用户可以在手机上观看更高质量的电影，由此可以推断未来在手机上也可以看到高质量的电影，故选D。15.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三调研联考）PigeonsinLondonhaveabadreputation.Somepeoplecallthemflyingrat

s.Andmanyblamethemforcausingpollutionwiththeirdroppings.Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioninthiscityof8.5million.“Theprobl

emforairpollutionisthatit‟sbeenlargelyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksfortheLondon-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Pe

opledon‟trealizehowbaditis,andhowitactuallyaffectstheirhealth.„„London‟spoorairqualityislinkedtonearly10,000earlydeathsayear.Leesa

ys,citingreportreleasedbythecitymanagerlastyear,“Ifpeoplewerebetterinformedaboutthepollutionthey‟rebreathing,”shesays,”they

couldpressurethegovernmenttodosomethingaboutit.„„Nearby,onawindyhillinLondon‟sRegent‟sPark,anexperimentisunderwaythatcoul

dhelp-thefirstweekofflightsbythePigeonAirPatrol.ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontes

tlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedusingTwitter.Duquesnoy,fromFrance,chosetheproblemofairpollution.“Basically,Irealiz

edhowimportanttheproblemwas,vhesays.“ButalsoIrealizedthatmostofthepeoplearoundmedidn‟tknowanythingabout

it.„„Duquesnoysayshewantstobettermeasurepollution,whileatthesametimemakingtheresultsaccessibletothepublicthroughTwitter.“So,“hewondered,“howcou

ldwegoacrossthecityquicklycollectingasmuchdataaspossible?”Drones(无人驾驶飞机)werehisfirstthought.Butit‟sillegaltoflythemoverLondon.“Butpigeonscanflyabov

eLondon,right?”hesays.“Theylive-actually?theyareLondonersaswell.So,yeah,Ithoughtaboutusingpigeonsequipp

edwithmobileapps.Andwecanusenotjuststreetpigeons,butracingpigeons,becausetheyflyprettyquicklyandprettylow.“SoitmightbetimeforLo

ndonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Thebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoimprovethequalityofthecity'sair.28．Whatcanweinferabou

tLondon‟sairqualityfromparagraph2?A．Londonersareverysatisfiedwithit.B．Thegovernmentistryingtoimproveit.C．Thegovernmenthasdonealottoimproveit.D．Lond

onersshouldpaymoreattentiontoit.29．DuquesnoyattendedtheLondonDesignFestivalto__.A．entertainLondonersB．solveaworldprobl

emC．designaproductforsaleD．protectanimalslikepigeons30．WhydidDuquesnoygiveupusingdronestoflyacrossLondon?A．BecausetheyaretooexpensiveB．Because

theyflytooquickly.C．Becausetheyareforbidden.D．Becausetheyflytoohigh.31．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．London‟sNewPollution

FighterB．London‟sDirtySecretC．CleanAirinLondonD．CausesofAirPollutioninLondon【答案】28．D29．B30．C31．A【解析】本文是一篇

说明文。主要讲述伦敦的空气污染越来越严重，Duquesnoy想到用鸽子帮助检测空气质量，引导人们关注空气污染问题的创意。28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Theproblemforairpollutionisthatit‟sbeenlarg

elyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksfortheLondon-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon‟trealizehowbad

itis,andhowitactuallyaffectstheirhealth.„„伦敦环境组织ClientEarth的AndreaLee说：“空气污染的问题是，它在很长一段时间里一直被忽视。人们没有意识到它有多糟糕，

以及它如何影响他们的健康。”由此判断出，伦敦人应该更关注伦敦的空气质量。故选D。29．细节理解题。根据第三段ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDi

gitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontestlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedusing

Twitter.这一切都始于DigitasLBi营销公司的主管PierreDuquesnoy去年赢得了伦敦设计节比赛，以展示如何利用Twitter解决世界问题。可知，Duquesnay参加伦敦设计节是为了解决一个世界性的问题。

故选B。30．细节理解题。根据第五段Drones(无人驾驶飞机)werehisfirstthought.Butit‟sillegaltoflythemoverLondon.他的第一个想法是无人驾驶飞机，但把它们飞越伦敦是违法的。由此可知，Duq

uesnoy最初想用无人机飞跃伦敦检测空气质量，但是因为市内禁止无人机飞行，所以他放弃了这个想法。故选C。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioni

nthiscityof8.5million.但现在这些鸟被用来对抗这个850万人口的城市的另一种污染。和最后一段SoitmightbetimeforLondonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Thebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoim

provethequalityofthecity'sair.所以现在可能是时候让伦敦人更尊重他们的鸽子了。这些鸟可能正在帮助提高城市空气质量。根据这些关键句可知，Duquesnoy用鸽子检测空气质量、引导人们关注空气污染，鸽子成了伦敦新的环保战士。A选

项London‟sNewPollutionFighter伦敦新的环保战士，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选A。16.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）TheUniversityScienceLibraryTheUniversityScienceLibraryho

ldscollectionsinEngineering,Geography,LifeSciences,Management,MathematicalandPhysicalSciences.Self-servicefacilitiesareprovidedforborrowing,ren

ewingandreturningoneweekandstandardloanbooks.Thereisalsoadedicatedself-serviceShortLoanCollectionforovernightloans

.PrintjournalsarenotborrowableintheScienceLibrary.Borrowing,RenewingandMoreFourquickandeasytouseloansmachi

nesarelocatedintheLearningLaboratoryonthegroundfloor.JustscanthebarcodeonthebackofyourLibrarycardandenteryourPINnumber(setinitiallyas4digits,DDMMof

yourbirthday)toborrowandrenewyourbooks,tocheckreservationsandviewyourLibraryaccount.ReturningTheLearningLaboratoryalsohastwomachinesforreturn

ingoneweekandstandardloanbooks(includingbooksborrowedfromStore).Unlikeanordinarybookdrop,themachineswillclearthebooksfromyourLibra

ryaccountimmediately.Whenyouhavereturnedallofyourbooks,themachinewillproduceareceiptforyourrecords.Remembert

hatyoucanreturnasmanybooksasyouwant,butonlyoneatatime.Short-loancollectionroomShortloanbooksarecurrentlystoredinthecafeonthegroundfloor.Ple

aseusethemachineinthisroomtoborrowandreturnbooks.CafeWehaveacafeonthegroundflooroftheScienceLibrarysellinghotandcolddrinksandcoldsnacks,butpleaserem

emberthateatingisnotpermittedinthereadingroomsontheupperlevels.Openinghours:Monday:Openfrom08:45Tuesday—Friday:

24houropeningSaturday:24houropeninguntil21:00Sunday:11:00-21:00(holdersoftheUniversityLibrarycardsonly)1．WhatsubjectmaynotbecoveredintheUniver

sityLibrary?A．Literature.B．Biology.C．Chemistry.D．Geography.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisrightabouttheUniversityLibrary?A．Both

foodandbooksaresoldinthecafe.B．EatingisonlyallowedonthegroundflooroftheUniversityLibrary.C．Allthebooksandmag

azinesintheUniversityLibrarycanbeborrowed.D．AllthebookscanbereturnedatatimebyusingthemachinesintheLearningLab

oratory.3．Ifyoudon‟thavetheUniversityLibrarycard,youcanNOTborrowbookson.A．SundayB．MondayC．ThursdayD．Saturday【答案】1．A2．B3．A【解析】本文是说明文

。文章介绍了大学科学图书馆的一些信息，包括藏书类别，自动借书还书和续借的程序，图书的分布，咖啡馆位置，开放时间等。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的TheUniversityScienceLibraryholdscollectionsinEngineering,Geography,Lif

eSciences,Management,MathematicalandPhysicalSciences.可知，大学科学图书馆收藏了工程、地理、生命科学、管理、数学和物理科学方面的书籍。由此可知，大学科学图书馆

没有收藏文学方面的书籍。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据Cafe部分中的WehaveacafeonthegroundflooroftheScienceLibrarysellinghotandcolddrinksandcolds

nacks,butpleaserememberthateatingisnotpermittedinthereadingroomsontheupperlevels.可知，我们在科学图书馆的一层有一个咖啡馆，出售冷热饮料和冷食，但是请记住，上层的阅览室是不允许吃东西的。由此可

知，大学科学图书馆只允许在一楼吃东西。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Openinghours部分Sunday:11:00-21:00(holdersoftheUniversityLibrarycardso

nly)可知，星期日：11:00-21:00（只限持有大学图书证人士）。由此可知，没有大学图书证的人周日不能去，其他时间可以去。故选A。17.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）Languageisperhapsthemostdis

tinctiveofhumancharacteristics,butitsevolutionremainsamystery.Ourcommunicationisenhancedbyturn—taking(轮流说话)—ortheorderl

yexchangeofcommunicativesignals—whichhasbeenfoundtobelargelyuniversalacrosscultures.Butthisturn-takingbehav

iorisactuallywidespreadacrosstheanimalkingdom,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublishedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransac

tionsoftheRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.Inthestudy,theresearchersstressedthatoneofthemarksofturn-takingacrossallspec

iesisfinetiming.Forexample,insomespeciesofsongbird,thegapbetweenthecallsoftwodifferentbirdsisoftenlessthan50milliseconds.Ontheotherhand,co

mmunicationinsomespeciesismuchslower.Asforspermwhales,thegapbetweeneachvocalexchangeisaroundtwoseconds.Inhumans,thereisusuallyagapofroughl

y200millisecondsbetweenturnsinaconversation.Whilemanystudieshavefocusedonturn-takingbehaviorinanimals,westillknowverylittleabou

tit,partlybecausethereportsaresovariedthatlarge-scalecross-speciescomparisonisallbutimpossible,accordingtotheresearchers.“Overall,directcompa

risonsofturn-takingskillsofnon-humananimalsinrelationtolanguageoriginsarehighlylimitedbylackofdata,theapplicationofdifferentterms,

differentstudymethodsandstudyenvironments,theauthorswroteinthestudy.”Furthermore,investigationshavesofarmainlybeenfocusingonsinglecalltypesorsongsofs

pecies,limitingadeeperunderstandingofthevariabilityofturning-takingsystemsfoundintheanimalkingdom.Inligh

tofthis,theresearchersproposedanewframeworkforfuturestudiesonturn-takingtomakecross-speciescomparisonseasier.“Thegoaloftheframeworkistopromot

elarge-scalecross-speciescomparisons”,KobinKendrick,fromtheUniversityofYork‟sDepartmentofLanguageandLinguisticScience,saidinastatement.

“Suchaframeworkwillallowresearcherstotracethehistoryofthisevolutionofremarkableturn-takingbehaviorandsolveoldquestionsabouttheorig

insofhumanlanguage.”12．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Turn-takingbehaviorinallspeciesiswelltimed.B．Languageistheleastdistinctiveofhuma

ncharacteristics.C．Thegapbetweenturnsinahumanconversationisabouttwoseconds.D．Relativelyspeaking,thegapbetweenthecalls

oftwobirdsislonger.13．Whatmakesthenon-humananimallanguagestudiesdifficultaccordingtothetext?a.Lackofdata.b.Lackofmoney.c.Variedrepo

rtsandstudies.d.Theapplicationofdifferentterms.A．abcB．bcdC．abdD．acd14．Wecaninferfromthetextthat.A．cross-spe

ciescomparisonisthehardesttostudyintheevolutionoflanguageB．turn-takinginanimalcommunicationbetweenspeciesisdifficulttofindC．non-humanlanguag

estudiesshouldbefocusedonsinglecalltypesD．theturn-takingbehaviorofanimalsissimilartothatofhumanbeings15．Whydidtheresearchersputforwa

rdanewframework?A．Toencouragemorestudiesontheevolutionofturn-takingbehaviour.B．Tobuildalinkbetweenanimalcommunicationandhumanlanguage.C．Tomakelar

ge-scalecross-speciescomparisonsofturn-takingeasier.D．Toguideotherresearchersinhowtostudyanimalcommunication.【答案】12．A13．D14．D15．C【解析】本文

是说明文。研究发现轮流说话行为实际上在动物界也很普遍，动物的轮流说话行为与人类相似。但对动物语言的研究还存在许多困难，研究者们不断提出新方法来促进大规模的跨物种比较。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Butthisturn-takingbehaviorisactuallyw

idespreadacrosstheanimalkingdom,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublishedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransactionsofth

eRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.(但是，根据发表在《英国皇家学会哲学学报B：生物科学》上的一篇大规模研究综述，这种轮流的行为实际上在动物王国中很普遍)可知，这种轮流说话的行为实际上在动物界很普遍。再根据第二段中的Inthestudy,theres

earchersstressedthatoneofthemarksofturn-takingacrossallspeciesisfinetiming.(在这项研究中，研究人员强调，所有物种轮流的标志之一是良好的时机)并列举了鸣鸟、抹香鲸和人类声音间隔

的例子。由此可知，所有物种的轮流说话行为都是有定时性的。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，报告差异很大，缺乏数据，不同术语的运用加剧了非人类动物语言研究的困难。缺乏资金未提到。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Butthisturn-takingbehaviorisa

ctuallywidespreadacrosstheanimalkingdom,accordingtoalarge-scalereviewofstudiespublishedinthejournalPhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRo

yalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.(但是，根据发表在《英国皇家学会哲学学报B：生物科学》上的一篇大规模研究综述，这种轮流的行为实际上在动物王国中很普遍)可知，这种轮流说话的行为实际上在动物界很普遍。再根据第二段中的Inthestudy,theresear

chersstressedthatoneofthemarksofturn-takingacrossallspeciesisfinetiming.(在这项研究中，研究人员强调，所有物种轮流的标志之一是良好的时机)可知，定时性是所有物种轮流说话行为的标志之一。由此

推知，动物的轮流说话行为与人类相似。故选D。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Inlightofthis,theresearchersproposedanewframeworkforfuturestudiesonturn-takingtomakecross-sp

eciescomparisonseasier.“Thegoaloftheframeworkistopromotelarge-scalecross-speciescomparisons”(鉴于此，研究人员提出了一个新的框架，未来的研究转向，使跨物种比较更容易。“该框架的

目标是促进大规模的跨物种比较”)可知，研究人员提出的一个未来研究的新框架的目标是促进大规模的跨物种比较。故选C。18.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）Thedrivercutsyouoffintraff

ic.Theneighborsdon‟tpickupaftertheirdog.Theinsurancecompanykeepsyouwaitingendlessly.Situationssuchastheseget

ourheartsracing.Angerisn‟tapleasantfeeling.Someofuscontroltheemotion,whileothersexplodeinawildrage.Bothhabitsaffectourbodies,ourminds,andourrelations

hips.Angermayfeeluncomfortable,butit‟salsonormalandhealthy.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyhavetogetridoftheir

anger,”saysPatrick,apsychologistinCalgary.“Butangerisanemotionbuiltintoustosignalthatsomethingneedstobe

solved.”Whenwetakenoticeofthatsignalandactuallyrealizetheprobleminsteadofignoringit,we‟reusuallymuchbetterforit.Unfortunately,manyofushavebeencond

itionedtohideouremotions.Researchsuggeststhatthiscanhavelong-termeffectsonourhealth.Investigatorsshowthatpeoplewhosuppresstheiremotions

tendtohaveshorterlifespans.They‟remorelikelytodieearlierfromcancer,forexample.Whenweareangry,stresshormon

es(荷尔蒙)arereleased,whichcanmakeusdevelopawiderangeofdiseases,includingdiabetesanddepression.Isitbetter,the

n,toscreamwheneversomethingmakesyoumad?That‟sthetheorybehindthe“ragerooms”thathaveappearedinmanyAmericancitie

s,wherefolksareinvitedtoexpresstheirangerbyviolentlyhittingstuffina“safe”environment.“Buttheresearchindicatesthatwhenwedisplayourangerag

gressively,itcanactuallyincreasetheintensityoftheanger—andincreasethelikelihoodofaggressiveactionsinthefuture.”saysKeelan.Itdoesn‟ttakemuchimagi

nationtopredicthowangercanaffectyourrelationshipswithyourwivesorhusbands,yourkids,oryourcoworkers.Italsohurtsyourhealth.8．W

hatsituationmaymakepeopleangry?A．Neighborspickuptheirdogs‟waste.B．Theinsurancecompanytimelyoffersservice.C．Adriverdoesn‟twa

itforhisturn.D．Astrangerhelpswhenpeoplegetlost.9．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Peopleshouldtrytheirbesttocontroltheiremotion.B．Angerdoesg

oodtoourhealthsometimes.C．Angrypeopleneverreleasestresshormones.D．Angerisanemotionsignalingsomething

hasbeensolved.10．Whatdoestheunlinedword“suppress”inPara.3mean?A．affectB．developC．controlD．display11．Howdoes

thewriterexpresshisviewpoint?A．Subjectively.B．Pessimistically.C．Indifferently.D．Objectively.【答案】8．C9．B10．C11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章客观地分析了生气对人健康造成的影响。8．推理

判断题。根据第一段中Thedrivercutsyouoffintraffic.Theneighborsdon‟tpickupaftertheirdog.Theinsurancecompanykeepsyouwaitingendlessly.Situationssuchasthesegetou

rheartsracing.“司机挡住了你的去路。邻居们不收拾他们的狗。保险公司让你等个不停。这样的情况让我们心跳加速。”由此判断出，C项Adriverdoesn‟twaitforhisturn.（司机不会等着轮到自己。

）的这种境况会使人们生气。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中第一句Angermayfeeluncomfortable,butit‟salsonormalandhealthy.“愤怒可能会让人感觉不舒服，但这也是正常和健康的。”由此可知，愤怒有时对我们的健康有益。故选

B。10．词义猜测题。根据第三段中Unfortunately,manyofushavebeenconditionedtohideouremotions.Researchsuggeststhatthis

canhavelong-termeffectsonourhealth.“不幸的是，我们很多人都习惯于隐藏自己的情绪。研究表明，这可能会对我们的健康产生长期影响。”由此可知，Investigatorsshowth

atpeoplewhosuppresstheiremotionstendtohaveshorterlifespans.“研究人员表明，压抑情绪的人往往寿命较短。”所以划线词的意思是“控制”。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Angermayfeeluncomfortable,butit‟

salsonormalandhealthy.“愤怒可能会让人感觉不舒服，但这也是正常和健康的。”和第三段第一句Unfortunately,manyofushavebeenconditionedtohideouremotions.“不幸的是，我

们很多人都习惯于隐藏自己的情绪。”由此可知，作者“客观地”表达自己的观点。故选D。19.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）Scientistshavelongbeendoingresearchondolphinsandhavemadevariousinterestingdiscov

eries.RecentlyAnaCostaattheUniversityofGlasgowintheUKandherteamhavefoundsomethingnewaboutonetypeofdolphins—Bottlenosedolphins.Bottlenosedolphin

scanbefoundinmildandtropicalwatersthroughouttheworld.Theyprefercoastalwatersthatarewarmandshallow.However,CostafoundbottlenosedolphinsinSouthAme

ricamaybeseparatedintotwodifferentspecies,thankstovaryinghabitatsbetweentwogroupsoftheanimal.AlongthecoastlinesofsouthernBrazil,UruguayandArge

ntinaintheSouthAtlanticOcean,commonbottlenosedolphinsthatliveneartheshoredon‟tlooklikethosethatarefurtherouttosea.Theyarelonger,lightera

ndhaveatriangularbackfin,unliketheoffshoredolphins‟shorterbodies,darkerskinandhookedbackfins.Apartfromthedifferencesmentionedabove,thetwokindsofcomm

onbottlenosedolphinalsolivedifferentlyfromoneanother.Thosenearthecoastformsmallgroupsinbaysandmouthofriver

sanddon‟tgotoofarfromhome,whilethoseoffshoreliveinpodsofhundredsandmovefromtimetotimeandseldomstayatthesameplace.WhenAnaCostaandherteamlookedatt

hedolphins‟boneframework,theyfoundstillmoredifferences:theoffshoredolphinshadshorterandmoreplentifulvertebrae(脊

椎)thanthecoastalvariety.Costaandhercolleaguescollectedmorethan250tissuesamplesfromcommonbottlenosedolphinsofbothgrou

psoffBrazil‟scoastandanalyzedtheDNA．Theresultssuggestthedolphinsmaybegoingdowndifferentevolutionaryp

aths,separatingintotwospecies.Thegeneticanalysisfounddifferencesinasmallportionofthedolphins‟genomes(基因组)thatexperiencefastrate

sofchangeoverevolutionarytime.“Allthefindingssofararedemonstratingthatweareobservingtwodolphingroupsinthepr

ocessofspeciation,”saysCosta.Despitethoseresearches,sofarscientistsstillcan‟tfigureouttheexactdataoftheexistingbottlenosedolphin

s.Costaandherteamareoptimisticthatonedaytheywillbeabletosolvethepuzzleandhelpsavetheseendangeredanimals.12．What‟sthemai

nideaofthesecondparagraph?A．Thedifferencesbetweentwobottlenosespecies.B．Theappearanceofbottlenosedolphins.C．Thelivinghabitatsofbottlenosedolp

hins.D．Thecausesleadingtothedifferences.13．Whatmaycausebottlenosedolphinstoseparateintotwospecies?A．Theirlength.B．T

heirweight.C．Theirvertebrae.D．Theirevolutionarypaths.14．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Allbottlenosedolphinsliven

earthecoastandhavesimilarhabits.B．ThediscoveryofCostamaymakeadifferencetobottlenosedolphins.C．Bottlenosedolphinsoftenprefertoliveincol

dwatersthataredeep.D．Thesetwodolphinspeciesarenotsocialandliveindividually.15．Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A．Anendangeredanimal—dolphins.B．Costa

‟snewdiscoveryaboutbottlenosedolphins.C．Thelivingenvironmentofbottlenosedolphins.D．TheimportanceofCosta‟snewdiscovery.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．B【解析】这是一

篇说明文。文章介绍科斯塔关于宽吻海豚的新发现。12．段落大意题。根据第二段中CostafoundbottlenosedolphinsinSouthAmericamaybeseparatedintotwodifferentspecies,thankstovaryinghabitatsbetw

eentwogroupsoftheanimal.“科斯塔发现，南美洲的宽吻海豚可能被分成两个不同的物种，这是由于两组海豚的栖息地不同所致。”和Apartfromthedifferencesmentionedabove

,thetwokindsofcommonbottlenosedolphinalsolivedifferentlyfromoneanother.“除了上述的不同之外，这两种常见的宽吻海豚的生活方式也各不相同。”由此可知，第二段讲述的是“两

种宽吻海豚的区别。”故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中Theresultssuggestthedolphinsmaybegoingdowndifferentevolutionarypaths,separatingintotwospecies.“结果表明，海豚可能沿着不同的进化路径，分

成两个物种。”由此可知，它们的进化路径可能导致宽吻海豚分裂成两个物种。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第最后一段Despitethoseresearches,sofarscientistsstillcan‟tfigureouttheexactdataoftheexistingbottle

nosedolphins.Costaandherteamareoptimisticthatonedaytheywillbeabletosolvethepuzzleandhelpsavetheseendangeredanimals.“尽管进行了这些研究，科学家们至今仍不能找出现存宽吻海豚的确切数据

。科斯塔和她的团队乐观地认为，总有一天他们能够解开这个谜题，帮助拯救这些濒临灭绝的动物。”由此判断出，科斯塔的发现可能会对宽吻海豚产生影响。故选B。15．主旨大意题。题。根据第一段Scientistshavelongbeendoingresearchondolphinsandhave

madevariousinterestingdiscoveries.RecentlyAnaCostaattheUniversityofGlasgowintheUKandherteamhavefounds

omethingnewaboutonetypeofdolphins—Bottlenosedolphins.“科学家们长期以来一直在研究海豚，并有了各种有趣的发现。最近，英国格拉斯哥大学的安娜·科斯塔和她的团队发现了一种

新的海豚——宽吻海豚。”由此判断出，这篇文章介绍科斯塔关于宽吻海豚的新发现。故选B。20.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）Modemarchitecturehasbroughtmanyamazingbuildingstotheworld.Herearesomeofthestrang

estbuildingsintheworld.Habitat67,Montreal,CanadaHabitat67isaveryinterestingarrangementofcubes,whichlooksliketheb

uildingblocksthatchildrenplaywith.Itisprettyinterestinghowitwasdesigned.Initsmaterialsense,thecubeisasymbolofstability.Itlookssooriginaland

atthesametimecomfortableforliving.ItwascreatedasamainattractionforExpo67,oneoftheworld‟slargestuniversal

expositions(博览会)wherehousingwasoneofthemainthemes.TheBasketBuilding,Ohio,UnitedStatesTheLongabergerBasketCompanybuildinginNewark,Ohiomightjust

beastrangestofficebuildingintheworld.The180,000-square-footbuilding,acopyofthecompany‟sfamousmarketbas

ket,cost$30millionandtooktwoyearstocomplete.ManyexpertstriedtopersuadeDaveLongabergertochangehisplans,buthewantedanex

actcopyoftherealthing.TheCrookedHouse,Sopot,PolandFinishedin2003,theCrookedHousehasanextraordinaryandamazingstructure.Itsdesignw

asbasedonthepicturesofpolishartistJanMarcinSzancerandSwedishpainterPerDahlberg.Itlooksasifithadbeentakenfromacartoon

:Thebuildinglinesarenotstraight,buttheyarebalanced,sothehouseisnotuglyatall,juststrange!Theinterestingpartishowbuildersmanagedtoc

reatethisgeniusidea,butthehouseisafactandeveryoneadmirestheircreativity.LaPedrera,SpainItissituatedintheEixampledistrictofBarcelona,Catalonia,S

pain.Thestoryofthehouseisprettyinteresting.ThehousewasdesignedbyAntoniGaudiandbuiltforamarriedcouple.Itisanextraordinarybutstylishbuildingconsidered

tobehighlyunconventional-thereisnotevenonestraightline!1．Whichofthebuildingsaboveisassociatedwithatoy?A．Habitat67.B．TheBa

sketBuilding.C．TheCrookedHouse.D．LaPedrera.2．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBasketBuilding?A．Itwasbuiltforexhibition.B．Itwasdesignedfollowingthep

ictures.C．Itwasconstructedaccordingtoitsoriginaldesign.D．Itmightbethestrangestofficebuildingintheworld.3．WhatdotheC

rookedHouseandLaPedrerahaveincommon?A．Theybothlookveryugly.B．TheyarebuiltbyAntoniGaudiC．Theirdesignpatternsarecommon.D．Theirconstructionlinesareb

ent.【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个令人惊奇的现代建筑。1．细节理解题。根据Habitat67,Montreal,Canada中Habitat67isaveryinteresti

ngarrangementofcubes,whichlookslikethebuildingblocksthatchildrenplaywith.(Habitat67是一个非常有趣的立方体排列，它看起来像孩子们玩的积木)可知，Habitat67与玩具有关

。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据TheBasketBuilding,Ohio,UnitedStates中的ManyexpertstriedtopersuadeDaveLongabergertochangehi

splans,buthewantedanexactcopyoftherealthing.(许多专家试图说服DaveLongaberger改变他的计划，但他想要的是真货的一模一样的复制品)可知，这个建筑

物是根据最初的设计建造的。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据TheCrookedHouse,Sopot,Poland中的Itlooksasifithadbeentakenfromacartoon:Thebuildinglinesarenotstraight,buttheyarebalan

ced,sothehouseisnotuglyatall,juststrange!(它看起来就像从一幅漫画：建筑的线条不直，但它们是平衡的，所以房子一点也不丑，只是奇怪！)和LaPedrera,Spain中的Itisanextraordinarybutstylishbuildingc

onsideredtobehighlyunconventional-thereisnotevenonestraightline!(这是一座非凡而时尚的建筑，被认为是非常不寻常的——甚至没有一条直线！)可知，这两个建筑物的共同点都没有用直线设计。故

选D。21.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）AseriousandwidespreaddesertlocustoutbreakinsomepartsofSomalia,Kenya,Ethiopia,SudanandEritreahascausedpanicintheag

ricultureandaviationsectors.Theinvasion,whichhaslastedforoveramonthdespiteeffortsbyrespectivegovernmentstocontr

olit,hasledtothedestructionofcropsandpastures(牧场)threateningfoodsecurityintheregiondespiteapromisingharvestfollowingsuccessfulra

infall.Theoutbreakhasalsocausedpanicintheaviationsector,followingarecentincidentwhereanEthiopianAirlinepas

sengerplanewasforcedbyaswarm(群)oflocuststodivertfromlandinginDireDawnAirportineast-centralEthiopiatoBoleInternationalAirportinEthiopia‟scapitalAddis

Ababa.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationorFAO,aspecializedagencyoftheUnitedNationsthatleadsinternationaleffortstodefea

thungerandimprovenutritionandfoodsecurity,thepresentoutbreakistheworstin25years.TheUNagencyattributedtheinvasiontounusualweather

andclimateconditions,includingheavyandwidespreadrainssinceOctober2019.Itwarnedafurtherincreaseinlocustswarmsislike

lytocontinueuntilJuneduetothecontinuationoffavorableecologicalconditionsforlocustbreeding.Thelocusts

havealreadydestroyed175,000acresoffarmlandinSomaliaandEthiopia,accordingtotheFAO.Thedesertlocustisthemostdangerousofthenearlyonedozen

speciesoflocusts.Atypicaldesertlocustswarmcancontainupto150millionlocustspersquarekilometer,accordingtotheIGAD．Anaverageswarm

candestroyasmanyfoodcropsinadayasissufficienttofeed2,500people.8．WhatistheresultofthedesertlocustoutbreakonEastAfrica?A．Ithasledtoadiseaseoutbreak

.B．Ithascausedtheweathertochange.C．Ithascreatedfearinagricultureandaviation.D．Ithasthreatenedthesafetyoft

hepeoplethere.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“divert”inParagraph3mean?A．Takeadifferentroute.B．Takeofffromanairport.C．Splitofffromanewplace.

D．Slideawayfromsomewhere.10．WhatcanwelearnaboutthedesertlocustoutbreakaccordingtotheUNagency?A．Locustbreedingisslowerandslower.B．

Therewillpossiblybeadecreaseinlocustswarms.C．Itisrelatedtounusualweatherandclimateconditions.D．Theecologicalcond

itionsarebadforlocustbreeding.11．Howdoestheauthorprovethedesertlocustisthemostdangerousofthelocustspecies?A．Bydescribingaprocess.B．Bycomparison.C．Bys

tatistics.D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.【答案】8．C9．A10．C11．C【解析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述的是沙漠蝗虫肆虐，对于一些国家的农业和航空也造成危害。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容Aseriousandwidespreaddesert

locustoutbreakinsomepartsofSomalia,Kenya,Ethiopia,SudanandEritreahascausedpanicintheagricultureandaviationsectors.(在索马里、肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、苏丹和厄立特里亚的一些

地区发生了严重和广泛的沙漠蝗虫疫情，在农业和航空部门造成了恐慌)可知，东非沙漠蝗虫的爆发给农业和航空业带来了恐慌。故选C。9．词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句中前后部分可以了解到：蝗虫的爆发也在航空业中导致恐慌，一架埃塞俄比亚的客机被迫改变航线，原本从DireDa

wnAirport机场降落改为在BoleInternationalAirport降落。由此可知，划线词的意思是“走另一条路。”故选A。10．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的TheUNagencyattributedtheinvasiontounusualwe

atherandclimateconditions,includingheavyandwidespreadrainssinceOctober2019.(联合国机构将入侵归咎于不寻常的天气和气候条件，包括自2

019年10月以来的大雨和大范围降雨)可知，根据联合国机构，沙漠蝗虫的爆发与不寻常的天气和气候条件有关。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段Thedesertlocustisthemostdangerousofthenearlyonedozenspeciesoflocusts.Aty

picaldesertlocustswarmcancontainupto150millionlocustspersquarekilometer,accordingtotheIGAD.Anaverageswarmcandestroyasmanyfoodcropsi

nadayasissufficienttofeed2,500people.(沙漠蝗虫是近12种蝗虫中最危险的一种。根据东非政府间发展组织的数据，一个典型的沙漠蝗群每平方公里可容纳多达1.5亿蝗虫。一个普通的蜂群一天能摧毁多达2500人的粮食作物。”作者列举了一个典型的沙漠蝗群每平方公里可以

容纳1.5亿只蝗虫。一个普通的沙漠蝗群一天可以摧毁足够供给2500人的粮食作物)可知，作者通过数据来说明沙漠蝗虫是危害最大的蝗种。故选C。22.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）TerraCycleisacompany

thathasrecycledandupcycled(升级改造)justaboutanygarbageitcangetitshandson.Itupcyclesthingslikepensandmarkersintodustbinsandpicnictablesandcigarett

eendsintorailroadties.Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:TheTerraCycl

eFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.Thebookispartwake-upcall,parthistorylesson,parthow-to,andpartDIYartsandcraftsinstruction.Inaneffo

rttohelppeopledowhattheycantocurbtheircontributiontothetonsofwastecreatedeveryday,MakeGarbageGreatgivesthehistoryofvariousmaterials,discuss

eswhythosevariousmaterialsareaproblem,andgivestipsandDIYprojectstorecycleorupcycleeachmaterial.Thereisachaptereachonplastics,m

etals,paper,glass,wood,rubberandorganics.Eachchapterisfilledwithtonsoftipsandideasforreducingtheamountofwasteyoucreateandforresponsiblyhandlingthew

asteyouendupcreatinginyourhome.Ifyou‟reaconsciousconsumer,someoftheinformationyoumayalreadyknow,buttherearealsotip

sinthisbookthatwillhelpyourecyclemorethanyouthoughtyouwereableto.Ithasinformationonwhereyoucantakeoldsneakers,pillows,andalltha

telectronicwastethatseemstopileupquickerandquickereachyear.Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutoth

inkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwasteourculturecreateswillfindsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbooki

tselfisabitofaninspiration.It‟sprintedontree-freepaperandisareminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alternativetomanyoftheproduc

tsthatwewaste.12．Whatisthebookintendedtodo?A．Toadvertiseforthecompany.B．Tohelpfamiliesmakemoney.C．Toinstructpeopletolearnarts.D．Tohe

lpfamiliesreducewaste.13．Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A．Itisintendedforhousewives.B．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

C．Itiswellreceivedallovertheworld.D．Itisnotdifferentfromotherpaperbooks.14．Whatdoestheauthor‟sattitudetowardsthebook

?A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.15．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LiveAMoreHealthyLife?B．WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?C

．TerraCycle—AResponsibleCompanyD．MakeGarbageGreat—AKeytoSuccess【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于垃圾回收和升级改造的Te

rraCycle公司为了帮助人们减少生活垃圾而出版了一本书，书中介绍了一些关于对废弃物品重新再利用的方法。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamili

eswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:TheTerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.(现在，TerraCycle希望通过一本新书《让垃圾变得伟大：TerraCycle

家庭零废物生活指南》来帮助家庭减少浪费)可知，这本书的目的是为了帮助家庭减少浪费。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的后两句Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It‟sprintedontree-freepaper

andisareminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.(甚至实体书本身也有一些灵感。它印在没有树木的纸上

，提醒我们通常有一个可持续的选择来替代我们浪费的许多产品)可知，这本书的用纸不是由树制成的，这本书是环保的。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据全文尤其最后一段作者的描述Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetal

ittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothinkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwa

steourculturecreateswillfindsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.(无论这本书是鼓励你在处理废物方面变得更聪明一点，还是只是鼓励你在买东西或扔东西之前思考一下，任何关心我们的文化造成的废

物的人都会在这里找到一些想法。甚至实体书本身也有一些启发)可以看出，作者对这本书的态度是积极肯定的。故选A。15．主旨大意题。本文主要内容是帮助人们减少生活垃圾和对废物的重新利用的方法。由此可知，B.Want

AZero-wasteLifestyle?(想要零废物的生活方式吗？)可以体现文章的中心，适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。23.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）Whenyoustartworkingonsomethingbutdon‟tfinishit,thoughtsoftheunfinis

hedworkcontinuetojumpintoyourmindevenwhenyou‟vemovedontootherthings.PsychologistsrefertothispsychologicalphenomenonastheZeigarn

ikeffect.TheeffectwasfirstobservedbyaRussianpsychologistnamedBlumaZeigarnik.WhilesittinginabusyrestaurantinVienna,shenot

edthewaitershadbettermemoriesofunpaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexactdet

ailsoftheorders.Inoneofherstudies,participantswereaskedtocompletesimpletaskssuchasputtingtogetherpuzzles,orsolvingmathproble

ms.Halfoftheparticipantswereinterruptedhalfwaythroughthesetasks.Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey‟db

eenworkingon.Shediscoveredthatthosewhohadtheirworkinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytorememberwhattheyhadbeendoingasth

osewhohadactuallycompletedthetasks.Wecanusethiseffecttoouradvantage.Forexample,ifyou‟restrugglingtomemorizesom

ethingimportant,momentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthansimplyremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesand

thentakeabreak.Whileyou‟refocusingonotherthings,you‟llfindyourselfmentallyreturningtotheinformationyo

uwerestudying.Weoftenputofftasksuntilthelastmoment,onlycompletingtheminarushatthelastpossiblemoment.Unfortunately,thistendencycanleadtoheavy

stressandevenpoorperformance.OnewaytoovercomethisistoputtheZeigarnikeffecttowork.Startbytakingthefirststep,nomatterhowsmall.Onc

eyou‟vebegun，butnotfinishedyourwork,you‟llfindyourselfthinkingofthetaskuntil,atlast,youfinishit.Youmightnotfinishitallatonce,buteachsmallstepyo

utakeputsyouclosertoyourfinalgoal.8．WhatdoestheZeigarnikeffectreferto?A．Waiterstendtohavegoodmemories.B．Onceinterrupt

ed,onewillforgetthingseasily.C．Mostpeoplecan‟tfocusononethingforalongtime.D．Peoplerememberunfinishedtasksbetterthancompletedones.9

．Whatwerealltheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?A．Describetheirtasks.B．Expresstheirfeelings.C．Testtheirintelligence.D．Designsimpleactivities.10．H

owshouldwestudyaccordingtotheZeigarnikeffect?A．Repeatoverandoveragain.B．Divideupourstudysession.C．Focusonse

veraltasksatatime.D．Haveenoughrestbeforestudying.11．What‟sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Howtogetridof

heavystress.B．Whyweshouldsetafinalgoal.C．Howtobreakthehabitofdelayingwork.D．Whywealwayscompletetasksinarush.【答案】8．D9．A10．B11．

C【解析】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一种常见的心理现象—蔡加尼克效应。这种心理现象对我们的生活与学习有诸多启示。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中WhilesittinginabusyrestaurantinVienna,she

notedthewaitershadbettermemoriesofunpaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexac

tdetailsoftheorders.(当她坐在维也纳一家繁忙的餐馆里时，她注意到服务员对未付订单有更好的记忆。然而，一旦账单被支付，服务员就很难记住订单的确切细节。)和第二段的Shediscoveredthatthosewhohadtheirwo

rkinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytorememberwhattheyhadbeendoingasthosewhohadactuallycompletedthetasks.(她发现，那些工作被打断的人比那些实际完成任务的人更有可能记住他们所做的事

情)可推断，蔡加尼克效应指人们对于尚未处理完的事比已处理完成的事情印象更加深刻。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey‟dbeenwor

kingon.可知，Zeigarnik要求参与者描述他们一直在做什么。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的ifyou‟restrugglingtomemorizesomethingimportant,momentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyou

radvantage.Ratherthansimpleremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesandthentakeabreak.（如果你在努力记住一些重要的东西，短暂的中断实际上可能对你有利

。不是简单地一遍又一遍地记住信息，而是复习几遍，然后休息一下.）可推断，我们应该分几个时间段学习。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的OnewaytoovercomethisistoputtheZeigarnikeffecttowor

k.（克服这一问题的一种方法是使蔡加尼克效应发挥作用。）以及下文讲述的实施过程可知，本段主要告诉我们如何有效利用蔡加尼克效应来改善拖延症。故选C。24.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）We'vec

ertainlyseenadognursingawound,oradeercallingoutinpain.Butmanyanimalssufferinsilence.Themostsilentsufferersintheanimalworl

dmaybefish.Dofishfeelpain?AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofLiverpoolhasfoundthatfishfeelpaininawaythat's"strikinglysimilar"toh

umans.Forthestudy,LynneSneddon,fromtheuniversity'sInstituteofIntegrativeBiology,reviewedtheexistingbodyofresearch98studi

esinallandconcludedthattheyfeelpainjustassharplyaswedo."Whensubjecttoapotentiallypainfulevent,fishshowchangesinbehaviorsuchasstoppingfeedinga

ndreducedactivity,whicharepreventedwhenapain-relievingdrugisprovided.Infact,likeus,theybreatheheavilyandstopeatingwhenthey'rehurting.

Theywillevenrubthepartoftheirbodythataches."Sneddonnotesinauniversityrelease.Tounderstandpaininotherspecies,scientistslookatn

ociceptors(疼痛感受器),whichsendsignalstothebrainwhenthebodyisbeingdamaged.Humanshavethemthroughouttheirskin,bonesandmuscles.Nociceptorshavealsobe

enfoundinmanyotherspecies,includingeventhosetinyfruitflies.Fishhavethesamemeanstodetectpainsignalsandtheequi

pmenttoreceivethem.Besides,thefishermen'sopinionthatfishfeelnopainjustdoesn'taddupfromanevolutionaryview

.Painisanefficientmessengerthattells,usthatwe'vegotaproblem.Ananimalthatcan'tfeelitwon'tgetthatmemo(ER)

,evenifithurtsitself."Ifweacceptfishexperiencepain,thenthishasgreatsignificanceforhowwetreatthem,"Sned

donsays."Careshouldbetakenwhenhandlingfishtoavoiddamagingtheirssensitiveskinandtheyshouldbehumanelycaughtandkilled."12．Whatcanwelearnabo

utfish?A．Theyareinsensitivetopain.B．Theyareabletosensepain.C．Theywon'treacttopainkillers.D．Theirbrainisthefirsttosendpainsignals.13．What

willafishdowhenitslipsgethurt?A．Itmightrubitslips.B．Itwillkeepitsmouthopen.C．Itwillswimaroundlikecrazy.D．Itwillkeepeatingtofor

getpain.14．WhatisthesignificanceofthestudyaccordingtoSneddon?A．Peoplewilltreatfishinakinderway.B．Peoplecanund

erstandevolutionbetter.C．Peoplecandevelopmoredrugstosavefish.D．Peoplewillthinkofmorewaystocatchfish.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedpar

t"addup"probablymean?A．Disappear.B．Putforward.C．Makesense.D．Happen.【答案】12．B13．A14．A15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，研究表明鱼可以感觉疼痛，鱼感到疼痛后做法与人相

似，会停止进食和减少活动；科学家们观察了其它物种疼痛感受器，了解了疼痛感受器是如何运作的，Sneddon呼吁人们人道主义地对待鱼。12．细节理解题。由第二段的句子“Forthestudy,LynneSneddon,fr

omtheuniversity'sInstituteofIntegrativeBiology,reviewedtheexistingbodyofresearch98studiesinallandconcl

udedthattheyfeelpainjustassharplyaswedo.”可知，在这项研究中，从现有的98项研究得出结论，鱼类和我们一样感到疼痛，说明鱼能感受疼痛，B项切题，A项排除；由第三段的句子“Whensubjecttoapotentiallypainfulevent,fi

shshowchangesinbehaviorsuchasstoppingfeedingandreducedactivity,whicharepreventedwhenapain-relievingdrugisprovided.”可知，鱼受伤会停止进食和减少活动，而当提供

止痛药物时，这些都会被阻止，所以对止疼药有反应，排除C项；由第四段的第一句“Tounderstandpaininotherspecies,scientistslookatnociceptors(疼痛感受器),whichs

endsignalstothebrainwhenthebodyisbeingdamaged.”可知，当身体受到损伤时，疼痛感受器会向大脑发送信号，不是大脑发送的，排除D项。故选B项。13．推理判断题。由第三

段地句子“Infact,likeus,theybreatheheavilyandstopeatingwhenthey'rehurting.Theywillevenrubthepartoftheirbodythataches.”可知，鱼受伤时和我们一

样，呼吸沉重，停止进食，甚至会摩擦身体疼痛的部位，可以推理出鱼的嘴唇受伤时鱼会摩擦自己的嘴唇。故选A项。14．推理判断题。由最后一段“"Ifweacceptfishexperiencepain,thenthishasgreatsignificanceforhowwetreatthe

m,"Sneddonsays."Careshouldbetakenwhenhandlingfishtoavoiddamagingtheirssensitiveskinandtheyshouldbehumanelyca

ughtandkilled."”可知，Sneddon说：“如果我们接受鱼的痛苦，那么这对我们如何对待它们有着重要意义。”在处理鱼类时应小心，避免损坏它们敏感的皮肤，并应人道地捕获和杀死它们。”说明研究鱼会让我们更小心地对待鱼，尽量避免鱼感受痛苦。故选A项

。15．词句猜测题。addup本意意为“相加、合乎情理、说得通、积少成多”。由倒数第二段的句子“Besides,thefishermen'sopinionthatfishfeelnopainjustdoesn'taddupfroma

nevolutionaryview.”可知，另外，渔民们认为鱼不会感到疼痛的观点，从进化论的角度说不通，所以addup在此处意为makesense（说得通）。故选C项。25.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三

联考）TheWorlds'BestBookshopsThere'snothinglikebeingsurroundedbybooks，whereveryouare．Herearethefinestoas

esofliteraturethattravellerscanbringyou．DaikanyamaT﹣site|TokyoItiswellworthvisitingevenifjusttoadmirethebuilding'sbeautiful，crisscrossedarchi

tecture．Onceyou'vehadyourfillofroamingthreefloors'worthofbookshelves，there'sthebar，thecoffeeshop，oreventhevideor

entalspacetogiveyoumorereasontostayjustthatlittlebitlonger．Grababook，orderabeeranddiveintoitspages．Icouldhavestayedhourshere．CityLights|SanFranci

scoThethree﹣storeyestablishmentpublishesandsellstitlesinpoetry，fiction，translation，politics，historyandthearts．Ithostseventsandreadings，andrunsanon﹣p

rofitofthesamenamethataimstopromotediversityofvoicesandideasinliterature．It'soppositeVesuvio，abarfrequentedbyKe

rouacandotherBeat﹣generationwritersandartists．ShakespeareandCompany|ParisImadeaspecialtriptotheLeftBankforthisonewhenIwasinParis．It

hastwofloorspackedwithEnglish﹣languagetexts，andIwasparticularlystruckbyanysparewallspacedevotedtonotesfromvisitors﹣heartfeltmes

sagestoalovedone，dedicationstotheshopitself，oraquotefromafavouriteauthororphilosopher．HutatmaChowk|MumbaiAfewyear

sagoIvisitedIndia，investigatingRudyardKipling'sconnectionswiththecountry．IspottedacheapcopyofTheJungleBookononeofthe

tarp﹣coveredbookstallsatHutatmaChowk（Martyrs'Square）．Thebooksellersherearelikeamateurlibrarians，abletolaytheirhandsonalmostanytitleyouaskfor．Tom

e，thosewell﹣thumbed（翻旧了的）booksspokevolumesaboutthechangesofMumbai'sreadersinthe150yearssincethecitygaveusKipling．1．Inwhichbookshopcanyoubuya

drinkwhilevisiting？A．DaikanyamaT﹣site.B．CityLights.C．ShakespeareandCompany.D．HutatmaChowk.2．Whatcanbel

earnedaboutthebookstallsatHutatmaChowk？A．PeoplecanmeetRudyardKiplingthere．B．Theysellthecheapestbooksinthewor

ld．C．Thebookownersareamateurlibrarians．D．Thesellersarefamiliarwiththebooks．3．Whatdothefourbookstoreshaveincommon？A．Theyarebeautifullydesigned．

B．Theyarethree﹣storeybuildings．C．Theyofferbookloversgoodexperience．D．Theyarefrequentlyvisitedbygreatwriters．【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍

了世界上最好的四家书店。1．细节理解题。根据DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo中的“Grababook，orderabeeranddiveintoitspages．Icouldhavestayedhourshere”可知，拿本书，点杯啤酒，一头扎进书里。我可以在这里呆上几个小

时的。所以在DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo可以买到饮料。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thebooksellersherearelikeamateurlibrarians，abletolaytheirhandsonalmostanytitleyouas

kfor”可知，这里的售书员就像业余图书管理员一样，你要什么书他们几乎都能找到。所以售书员对这些书很熟悉。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据DaikanyamaT﹣site|Tokyo中的“Onceyou'vehadyourfillofroamingthreefl

oors'worthofbookshelves，there'sthebar，thecoffeeshop，oreventhevideorentalspacetogiveyoumorereasontostayjustthatlittlebitlonger.”一旦

你逛够了三层楼高的书架，这还会有酒吧、咖啡店，甚至有录像带出租屋，让你有更多的理由再多待一会儿。CityLights|SanFrancisco中的“Ithostseventsandreadings，andrunsanon﹣profitofthe

samenamethataimstopromotediversityofvoicesandideasinliterature.”它举办各种活动和阅读活动，并以相同的名义经营着一项非营利性的活动，旨在促进文学中声

音和思想的多样性。ShakespeareandCompany|Paris中的“Iwasparticularlystruckbyanysparewallspacedevotedtonotesfromvisitors﹣heartfeltmessagestoalovedon

e，dedicationstotheshopitself，oraquotefromafavouriteauthororphilosopher.”特别令我震惊的是，任何一个空余的墙壁空间，都是用来记录来访者给爱人的心声，对商店本身的奉献，或是一位

最喜爱的作家或哲学家的名言。HutatmaChowk|Mumbai中的“Thebooksellersherearelikeamateurlibrarians，abletolaytheirhandsonalmostanyti

tleyouaskfor.”这里的售书员就像业余图书管理员一样，你要什么书他们几乎都能找到。所以阅读这四家书店可知，他们都为书迷提供了很好的体验。故选C项。26.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）Formany,travelingisawaytoescapethew

orstpartsofdailylife.Butwhatifatraveldestinationwitnessedterribleevents,likewar,genocide（大屠杀）ornuclearfallout?Wouldyoustillwanttovisit?There‟sagrowin

gphenomenoncalled“darktourism”peoplevisitsitesassociatedwithdeathandhumansuffering.“It‟slivingontheedgealmost-ifyougotoaplacewherepeoplehavere

allydied,”KarelWerdler,aseniorlecturerinhistoryatInHollandUniversityintheNetherlands,toldCNN.Whenpeoplegototraditionaltourists

pots,likeDisneyland,orsomewondersoftheworld,theymayfeelhappytoenjoysomethinginterestingornew.Darktourism,however,notonlyprovidesthatnove

lty（新奇）butalsocanmakethemfeelluckythattheirproblemsaresosmallincomparison.AccordingtotheGuardian,“Darkt

ourismtosomeextentreliesonthereverse（颠倒）oftheoldequation（方程式）ofmorefamiliartourism.”Formanypeople,thesesitesoffe

rawaytoreflectonthemistakesofthepastandthelessonswecanlearnfromhistory.Forexample,Chernobyl,intheUkraine,isoneofthe

mostpopulardarkdestinations.Whenitsnuclearreactor（核反应堆）explodedin1984,itreleasedaradioactive（放射性的）cloudsodevastatingt

hatthesurroundingareawillremainuninhabitable（不适宜居住的）for20,000years.Despitethedestructionanddangerofthestillpresentradiation,nearly72,000peoplevis

itedthearealastyear,reportstheBBC．OneofthesewasLiYimeng,whowentonatouroftheChernobylExclusionZone.Duringthetour

shesawthehomesofthepowerplant‟sformerworkers,desertedclassrooms,andanabandonedplayground.“Iexperienceda

wholerangeofemotionsasIsawtheareawheretheyusedtolive,whichisnowawasteland,”shetoldChinaDaily.Shealsoemphasizedtheneedtoshowrespectwh

envisitinglocationslikeChernobyl.Thoughdarktourismisrelatedtodeathanddying,“ittellsusmoreaboutlifeandtheliving”,TheSunnoted.8．Whatisthemain

ideaofthearticle?A．Comparisonamongdifferenttypesoftravel.B．Informationofanewtraveltrend.C．Reasonswhyreadersshouldgetinvolvedindarktourism

.D．Introductiontooneofthemostpopulardarkdestinations.9．Whatmakesdarktourismdifferentfromtraditionaltourism?A．Itis

moreboringandunpleasant.B．Itismorepopularwithyoungpeople.C．Thedestinationusuallyhasadarkpast.D．Thesceneteachespeoplehowtofacedeath.10．Whatdoestheu

nderlinedword“devastating”inParagraph7probablymean?A．Dark.B．Mysterious.C．Enormous.D．Destructive.11．Whatdoestheauthortrytoshoww

iththeexampleofLiYimeng?A．Darktourismremindspeopletotakeactiontoavoiddisasters.B．Darktourismcanbeascaryexper

ience.C．Darktourismmakespeoplethinkaboutlife.D．Darktourismwarnspeopletobecautiousabouthightechnology.【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【解析】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了一种

新型的旅行方式--“黑暗旅游”，人们去参观与死亡和人类苦难有关的地方，从而感知对生活和生命的尊重和敬畏。8．主旨大意题。根据第二段There‟sagrowingphenomenoncalled“darktourism”peoplevisitsitesassocia

tedwithdeathandhumansuffering.以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新兴的旅游方式，即Darktourism，故答案为B。9．细节理解题。根据第三段It‟slivingontheedgealmost-ifyougotoaplacew

herepeoplehavereallydied和第五段Darktourismtosomeextentreliesonthereverse（颠倒）oftheoldequation（方程式）ofmorefamiliartourism.可知darktourism的最主要特点是目的地与

死亡以及人类所遭遇的苦难有关，故答案选C。10．词义猜测题。从第6、7段“Whenitsnuclearreactor（核反应堆）explodedin1984,itreleasedaradioactive（放射性的）clouds

odevastatingthatthesurroundingareawillremainuninhabitable（不适宜居住的）for20,000years.Despitethedestructionanddangerofthestillpresentradiation”

中的uninhabitable以及destruction（破坏，毁坏），可知第7段下划线词可能是“毁灭性的”意思，故选D。11．推理判断题。从最后一段“ittellsusmoreaboutlifeandtheliving”可以推知参观这些目的地，人们能更多反思人生与生命，故答案为C。27.（202

0届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）We‟veknownforyearsthatplantscansee,hear,smellandcommunicatewithchemicals.Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhav

ebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhenstressed.Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foundthattomatoand

tobaccoplantscanmakeultrasonic（超声的）noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirstemsarecut.It‟sjusttoohigh-

pitched（音调高的）forhumanstohear.Microphonesplaced10centimetersawayfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz（千赫兹）.Humanhearin

gusuallyrangesfrom20hertzto20kilohertz.“Thesefindingscanalterthewaywethinkabouttheplantkingdom,”theywrote.Onaverage,“thirsty”tomatoplantsmade35

soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtoba

ccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Perhapsmostinterestingly,differenttypesofstressledtodifferentsounds.Therese

archerstrainedamachine-learningmodeltoseparatetheplants‟soundsfromthoseofthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse.Inmostcas

es,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakel

oudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.AlthoughKhaitandhiscolleaguesonlylookedattomatoandtobaccoplants,theythinkotherplantsalsomakesounds

whenstressed.Iffarmerscouldhearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgivewatertotheplantsthatneeditmost.Asclimatechangecausesmored

roughts,theysaidthiswouldbeimportantinformationforfarmers.“Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakeco

uldbeusedinprecisionagriculture（精准农业）,”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Khait‟sreportalsosuggeststhatinsectsandmamma

lscanhearthesoundsupto5metersawayandrespond.Forexample,amothmaydecidenottolayeggsonawater-stressedplant.EdwardFarmer,attheUnive

rsityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.Ifplantsarescreami

ngforfearoftheirsurvival,shouldwebethankfulwecan‟thearthem?12．WhatdidKhaitandhisteamfindfromtheirresearch?A．Plantsmadelow-pitcheds

oundswhenindanger.B．Plantswereabletoproducesoundsinresponsetostresses.C．Plantspickedupawiderrangeofsoundswhenstressed.D．Plantsmadeultrasonicnoise

stocommunicatewitheachother.13．Howdidtomatoandtobaccoplantsreacttodifferentstressesaccordingtothetext?A

．Aplantreactedtodifferentstresseswiththesamesound.B．Cuttobaccoplantsseemedtomakeweakersoundsthandrought-stressedones.C．Cuttom

atoplantsproducedmoresoundsperhourthanwater-hungryones.D．Tobaccoplantsmightmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenshortofwater.14．What‟sthemai

nideaofParagraph6?A．Challengesfacingfarmersinthefuture.B．Farmers‟contributionstotheresearch.C．Thepotentialapplicationsoftheresea

rch.D．Whatthefutureagriculturewillbelike.15．WhatisEdwardFarmert‟sattitudetowardstheresearch?A．negativeB．positiveC．neutralD．in

different【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．A【解析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了一项新的研究，植物能够发出声音来应对压力，在一项尚未发表的研究发现番茄和烟草能发出超声波，它们会因缺水或茎被切断而哭泣。研究声称这项研究对精准农业方面有利，但也引起了某些科学家的质疑。12．细节理解题

。根据第一段Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhenstressed.（现在，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。）可知植物能够发出声音来应对压力，故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第五段信息

Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.（例如，干旱胁迫的烟草似乎比烟草切块发出的声音更大。）可知，烟草切块发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下发出的声音要弱，故选B。14．主旨大意

题。通读第六段，根据Iffarmerscouldhearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycouldgivewatertotheplantsthatneeditmost.（研究小组说，如果农民能听到

这些声音，他们就能给最需要水的植物浇水。）和Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture（精准农业）（受干旱胁迫的植物发出

的声音可以用于精准农业）可知，该段讲述了该研究在农业方面的应用，故选C。15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmoths

listeningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.可知，Farmer对于蛾子能听到植物发出的声音并作出反应而表示怀疑，即这件事情有点没有依据，他持否定态度，故选A。28.（2020届江西省赣州市高三

模拟）Earlierthisyearwhenthesummerheatwavewasinfullswing,mostpeopleweredreamingofthecoolerautumntemperatures.Butforthosew

holovethesummerweather,thewintercoldertemperaturesanddrearyweatherareanythingbutwelcome.Thegoodnews?Therearesomebrilliantwinte

rsundestinationsyoucanescapetoforgloriouspleasantweatherandwarmsunshine.DubaiDuringthewintermonthsthecitystillboaststemperaturesaround26°C,perf

ectifyouplantomakethemostofthecity‟sbeaches.However,it‟snotsohotthatyoucan‟tenjoymostofthethingstoseeanddoinD

ubai,fromthethemeparkstoepicmallssuchastheBurjKhalifa.Planningtomakethemostoftheattractions?It‟sworthlookingintoaDubaiPasswherey

oucouldsaveupto50%offahostofthetopmust-seesights.ThailandThebesttimetovisitThailandisbetweenNovembertoJanuarywhenit‟sadryseasonandthe

temperaturesarepleasant.Thecountryisfilledwithepicsightsandattractions.Fancyacitybreak?HeadtoBangkokwheregl

orioustemples,floatingmarketsandincrediblefoodfestivalsawait.OrofcourseyoucouldspendafewdaysmakingthemostofThailand‟smostbeautifulseasands.

CapeVerdeSalIslandisoneofthemaintouristspotsinthecountry.CapeVerdeiswell-knownforofferinguparelaxingholiday;andwith10islandstoex

plore,there‟sstillampleopportunitytohaveanadventureortwo.However,ifyouonlyvisitonespot,makeitthebeautifulSalIsland.Ittendstobea

hitwithholidaymakersthankstothewhitesandbeachesandcrystallinewatersthatmakeupitsshores.BarbadosIftheideaofasnowyChristmasbreakdoesn‟tappeal,the

nBarbadoscouldmakeforaonce-in-a-lifetimefestiveseason.Decembertemperaturescanbearound28°C,meaningyou‟llhaveheapsofhotweat

herandsunshineandofcourseBarbadosbeachesaretheidealspottoenjoythem.1．What‟sthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toprovidewarmdestinationsforwinter.B．T

ocomparefourforeigntouristspots.C．Toofferadviceontravelingabroad.D．Tohelpescapefromthehotweather.2．Whatcouldbethe

bestchoiceforfoodlovers?A．Dubai.B．Thailand.C．CapeVerde.D．Barbados.3．Whatdotheattractionshaveincommon?A．Theyoffertouristssightsona

budget.B．Avarietyoffoodissuppliedfortourists.C．Theyrecommendsomeshoppingcenters.D．Travelerscangoforrelaxationonseashore.

【答案】1．A2．B3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个冬季依然阳光灿烂且温暖舒适的旅游胜地。1．推理判断题。由第一段“Therearesomebrilliantwintersundestinationsyoucanescapet

oforgloriouspleasantweatherandwarmsunshine.”可知，有很棒的冬日阳光灿烂的目的地，在那里你可以享受晴朗宜人的天气和温暖的阳光。由此可以判断题推测文章的目的是介绍冬季温暖的旅游胜地。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据Thailand部分的“Hea

dtoBangkokwhereglorioustemples,floatingmarketsandincrediblefoodfestivalsawait.”可知，去曼谷，那里有金碧辉煌的寺庙、流动的市场和完美的美食节等着你。

因此美食爱好者最好的选择是去曼谷。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Dubai部分的“Duringthewintermonthsthecitystillboaststemperaturesaround26°C,pe

rfectifyouplantomakethemostofthecity‟sbeaches.”可知，在冬季，这个城市的温度依然在26度左右，如果你计划充分利用城市的海滩，这是完美的；根据Thailand部分的“

OrofcourseyoucouldspendafewdaysmakingthemostofThailand‟smostbeautifulseasands.”可知。当然，你可以在泰国最漂亮的海沙度过几天；根

据CapeVerde部分的“Ittendstobeahitwithholidaymakersthankstothewhitesandbeachesandcrystallinewatersthatmakeupitsshores.”可知，那是一个度假者的热门去处，有白沙滩和晶莹剔透的水构成的

海岸线；根据Barbados部分的“Decembertemperaturescanbearound28°C,meaningyou‟llhaveheapsofhotweatherandsunshineandofcourseBarbadosbeac

hesaretheidealspottoenjoythem.”可知，12月的温度在28度左右，意味着你可以享受炎热的天气和阳光，当然巴巴多斯海滩也是理想的圣地。综上所述，景点的共同点是都可以去海边放松。故选D。29.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）Ioncewasafollowerofca

ncelculture,enoughforitstillinfluencesthemediaIconsumetoday.Idon‟tlistentomyformerfavoritebandslikePinegroveandSummerSaltanymoreandIrefuseto

watchanythingwithLouisC．K,andIalwayslookupwhichFrancobrotherwasaccusedeverytimeIgotowatchsomethingwithoneoftheminit.Thesewereeasypeopleto“cancel”,b

ecauseIdidn‟thavemuchattachmenttothemandIcouldfindreplacements.Butwhathappenswhensomeoneclosewithyouhasdonesomething“cancel

-worthy”?Somethingthatyouwouldcancelanyoneelsefor,ifyouhadmoredistancebetweenyou?Thisdilemmapresentstwochoic

es.Inthefirstchoice,youcouldcontinueyourrelationshipwiththe“cancelled”person,andlivewiththeguilt.Youknowt

heydidsomethingthatyouwouldn‟ttypicallyforgive,butyou‟vedecidedtogivethema“getoutofjailfree”card.Youcontinuetobefriend

swiththisperson,butalwaysfeeluneasybecauseyouknowsomewhereinsidethatyourfrienddidsomethingbad.Orthere‟soptionnumbertwo:Youcouldcomplet

elycutoffthepersonwhoyouoncecalledafriend.Youabandonarelationshipthatyouhadworkedsohardtodevelop,and

youdecidetoignorethatperson.Eventually,youbecomecompletestrangerswithsomeoneyouwereoncesoclosewith.Nomatterwhatchoiceyoumake,youwillfacesignifican

tconsequences.Thisisn‟tablackorwhiteissue.Thisisjustoneexampleofthechallengesoflifethatdoesn‟thaveac

learanswer.Thetruthis,thisisalose-losesituationandyou‟retheloser.Youcancontinuetotrustsomeonewhodidsomethingbadandlivewiththeguil

t.Or,youcanstopspeakingtothem,butstilldealwiththefactthatyouoncetrustedsomeonewhodidaverybadthing,andthatyouhadletthemintoyourlife.Eitherwa

y,youenduplosingsomethingyoudidn‟twantto.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”referto?A．Francobrothers.B．LouisC．KandFranco.C．Franco‟smovies.D．Pinegrovean

dSummerSalt.9．Whydoestheauthorstoplisteningtohisfavoritebands?A．Hehasfoundbetterreplacements.B．Heisnolongeratta

chedtothem.C．Theydidsomethinghecan‟tforgive.D．Theydon‟treleasegoodworksanymore.10．Howwouldyoufeelwhenyoukeepyour

relationshipwitha“cancelled”person?A．Relaxed.B．Guilty.C．Awkward.D．Refreshed.11．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph4?A．Youdon‟tcarewhat

theydidatall.B．Youcontinueyourrelationshipwiththem.C．Youhopetheycouldbesetfreefromtheprison.D．Youdon‟tthinktheyshouldreceiveapunishment.

【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在“抵制文化”中，一个人做了不被原谅的事后，人们的两种做法，一个是继续跟其做朋友；另一个是与其断交。作者指出，不管哪种做法都有相应的后果，这不是非黑即白的问题。8．词义猜测题。

由第一段“IalwayslookupwhichFrancobrotherwasaccusedeverytimeIgotowatchsomethingwithoneoftheminit.”可知，每次我去看有他们其中一人的节目，我都会

查查哪个Francobrother兄弟被指控了。所以通过上下文语境可知，them指代的是前文提到的Francobrothers，故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第五段“Orthere‟soptionnumbert

wo:Youcouldcompletelycutoffthepersonwhoyouoncecalledafriend.”可知，第二个选项是你彻底跟你曾经称之为朋友的人切断联系；根据第四段“Youknowtheydidsomethi

ngthatyouwouldn‟ttypicallyforgive”可知，你知道他们做了你通常不会原谅的事。根据以上内容可知，在“抵制文化”中，做了不被原谅的事后，其中一个选择就是与其切断联系。根据第一段“Ioncewasafollowerofc

ancelculture,enoughforitstillinfluencesthemediaIconsumetoday.”可知，我曾经是抵制文化的追随者，而且这影响着我现在痴迷的媒体。由此可以推断出，作者不再听他喜欢的乐队是因为他们做了作

者不能原谅的事情。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“youcouldcontinueyourrelationshipwiththe“cancelled”person,andlivewiththeguilt.”可知你跟被抵制的人

继续做朋友时，会带着内疚生活。所以当你和被抵制的人做朋友时，你会感到内疚（guilty）。故选B。11．词句猜测题。根据根据第四段“Youcontinuetobefriendswiththisperson,butalways

feeluneasybecauseyouknowsomewhereinsidethatyourfrienddidsomethingbad.”可知，你继续和这个人做朋友，但总感到不舒服，因为你的内心知道你的朋友做了不好的事情。由此可以推测

出，you‟vedecidedtogivethema“getoutofjailfree”card是指继续跟他们做朋友。故选B。30.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）Ifyou‟rereadingthis,i

t‟ssafetoassumeyouarrivedbyinternet.MaybeyoucaughttheheadlineasitracedbyonTwitter.Oryoumightbetakingabreakfromwatching

aboringmovieonNetflix.Itdoesn‟tmatter.Becauseaccordingtoanewstudy,italladdsuptothesamething:onedistractio

n（分心的事情）afteranother.Andthethingis,they‟rewelcomedistractions.Because,astheresearch—publishedthisweekintheJourn

alofPersonalityandSocialPsychology—notes,peoplewilldojustaboutanythingtoavoidbeinglefttotheirownthoughts.Fortheirstudy,researchersdesi

gnedasampletestformorethan2,557participantsin11countries.Theydividedtheirtestsubjectsintotwogroups.Inthefirstgroup,p

eoplewereaskedtospend10to15minutes“entertainingthemselveswiththeirthoughtsasbesttheycould.”Justsitbackandthinkaboutthings.Soundsgood,doesn‟tit

?Well,notreally.Thesecondgroup—theonewherepeopleweretoldtosurftheNet,playavideogame,orevenreadabook—rep

ortedhavingmuchmorefun.Theyscoredmorehighlyonentertainmentandloweronboredom.Andthepreferencefordistractionseem

edtobeaglobalphenomenon,whichmaycomeasasurprisetoItalianswhoarefamouslybrilliantatdoingnothing.“Thepreferencefordoinge

xternal（外部的）activitiessuchasreading,watchingTV,orsurfingtheinternetratherthan„justthinking‟appearstobestrongthroughoutthewo

rld,”theresearchersnoteinthestudy.Buttheredoesseemtobeanimportantthingthathasn‟tbeenincludedinthestud

y.Shouldn‟tthequalityofthoughtsmatter?Ifyou‟vegotsomethingpositivetothinkabout—say,howyou‟regoingtosp

endyourvacationorthegreatscreenplayyou‟vealreadyhalf-writteninyourhead—whyareyoureadingthis?Ontheotherhand,ifyouarealwaysb

otheredbynegativethoughts—asadorpainfulexperience,perhaps—byallmeans,keepscrolling（翻网页）.Unfortunately,wewon‟tbeabletotakeupmuchofyourtimehere

;it‟sashortstudythatgetstothepointinahurry.Don‟tworrythough.There‟sawholeworldofdistractionsoutthere.Say,haveyouseenthatshipteeteringatt

hebrinkofNiagaraFalls?Andhowaboutthosecharmingcows?Betyoudidn‟tknowtheycouldsmellyoufromsixmilesaway.Andthat‟ssometh

ingtothinkabout.12．WhywouldtheItaliansbesurprisedatthephenomenon?A．TheypreferreadingbookstosurfingtheNet.B．They

‟reconvincedthatthinkingissignificant.C．Theyareusedtobeinglefttotheirownthoughts.D．Theyseldomentertainthemselvesbysurfi

ngtheNet.13．Howwasthestudyconducted?A．Byreferenceresearch.B．Bycomparativestudy.C．Bytheoreticalanalysis.D．Byexperimentalstudy.14．Whatseemstohaveb

eenignoredinthestudy?A．Thequalityofthoughts.B．Thecauseofthephenomenon.C．Thesolutiontotheproblem.D．Thekindsofdistra

ctions.15．What‟sthetoneofthepassage?A．Worried.B．Disappointed.C．Serious.D．Humorous.【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．D【解析】这是一

篇说明文。《个性与社会心理学杂志》上指出人们会做任何事情来避免被自己的想法左右。研究指出世界各地的人似乎都更喜欢阅读、看电视或上网等外部活动，而不是只是思考。但研究中似乎有一个重要的遗漏，即思想的质量是否重要。12．细节理解题。根据第

六段“thepreferencefordistractionseemedtobeaglobalphenomenon,whichmaycomeasasurprisetoItalianswhoarefamouslybrilliantatdoingnothing.”可知，喜欢分散注意力似乎是

一种全球现象，这可能会让以什么都不做而著称的意大利人感到惊讶；根据第四段“astheresearch—publishedthisweekintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology—notes,peoplewilldo

justaboutanythingtoavoidbeinglefttotheirownthoughts.”可知，正如本周发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上的研究指出的那样，人们会做任何事情来避免被自己的想法左右。由以上内容可以看出，意大利人什么都不做

是让自己被自己的想法左右。因此，意大利人对人们的做法感到吃惊是因为意大利人习惯于被自己的想法左右。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第五段“Fortheirstudy,researchersdesignedasampletestformorethan2,557participantsin11

countries.Theydividedtheirtestsubjectsintotwogroups.”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员设计了一个样本测试，共有来自11个国家的2557名参与者参加。他们把实验对象分成两组。由此可以看出，研究结果是通过比较两个小组的表现得出的，因

此判断出研究是通过对比进行的。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Buttheredoesseemtobeanimportantthingthathasn‟tbeenincludedinthestudy.Shouldn‟tthequalityofthoughtsmatt

er?”可知，但研究中似乎有一个重要的遗漏。难道思想的质量不重要吗？因此研究中忽略的是思想的质量。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There'sawholeworldofdistractionsoutthere.Say,haveyouseenthatshiptee

teringatthebrinkofNiagaraFalls?Andhowaboutthosecharmingcows?Betyoudidn'tdidn'tknowtheycouldsmellyoufromsixmilesaway.”可知，外面有很多让人分心的东西。喂，你看见那艘船

在尼亚加拉瀑布边摇摇欲坠吗?那些可爱的奶牛呢?我打赌你不知道他们在六英里外就能闻到你的气味。这种方式很幽默（humorous），所以判断出文章的基调是幽默的。故选D。31.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Australianexpertshaveexpressedco

ncernsthattoomanymillennials(千禧一代）arehopingtousetheirsocialmediaaccountstobuildtheircareers.Theirconcernsfollowthes

uddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographers

butalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.Instagramisfloodedwithsoci

almediaprofessionalspaidtopromoteproductsandservices.However,socialscientistDrLaurenRosewarne,fromthe

UniversityofMelbourne,saysthatinreality,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.Shesaidmanyyoung

AustraliansweregettingsuckedinbytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,describingitas"totallyunrealistic"an

dextremelydifficulttodo."Youngpeoplearehopingtobefamousinnumbersthatweresimplynotthere20yearsago,"Rose

warnetoldtheAustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)onSaturday."Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmonetizing(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,b

utthatisnotthenorm."ShesaiditwasuptoparentsandschoolstodiscouragestudentsfromseekingInsta-fame,asmanybel

ieveitisapossiblecareerchoice."There'sthewarningforparents;thisisnotanormalorevencommonoccurrencetha

tyoucanmonetizeyourInstagramaccount."MeanwhileToniEagerfromAustralianNationalUniversitysaidsocialproblemscouldarisefromspendingtoomuchtimewithsocial

media."Wheredotheinsta-celebritiesgo...toseparatethelifepeopleseeonInstagramfromtheiractualnormallife?"Eagersaid."Allofasudden,peopleownyourprivate

life."8．Whyisthereasuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"?A．Manyyoungpeoplewanttobephotographers.B．Manypeopleseeitasashortcuttomakingmoney.C．Peoplewanttosoc

ializebysharingphotosonline.D．Instagramoffersyoungpeoplemorecareerchoices.9．Theunderlinedphrase"gettingsuckedin"inParagraph4probablymeans"_

_____".A．benefitingfromsomethingB．becominginvolvedinsomethingC．takingadvantageofsomethingD．beingsatisfiedwithsomething10．Whatmes

sagedoestheauthorconveybyquotingDrLaurenRosewarne?A．Youngpeopletodayaremorebusiness-savvythanever.B．YoungpeoplearebecominglessinterestedinI

nternetfame.C．Instagramisnotagoodplatformtopromotenewproducts.D．It'sabadideaforyoungpeopletotryearningmoneyonInstagram.11．WhatproblemdoesTo

niEagerthinkoveruseofsocialmediacouldcause?A．Anover-relianceonInstagram.B．Alossofpersonalprivacy.C．Lessinteractionwithpeoplein

reallife.D．Thedesiretomonetizeone'sInstagramaccount.【答案】8．B9．B10．D11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的千禧一代中有很多人想将社交媒体发展成赚钱的手段甚至作为事

业，专家对此表示了担忧。8．推理判断题。从第二段对于insta-celebrities的描述Theirconcernsfollowthesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"w

homakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographersbutalsogood-lookingandbusin

ess-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.以及第四段中“theappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram”可知，社交媒体上的名人可以通过赞助来挣钱，即使你非专业，

如果相貌姣好、有商业头脑也有机会靠社交媒体赚钱。所以判断出为什么“insta-celebrities”会突然走红是因为许多人把它看作是赚钱的捷径相当于一条捷径。故选B项。9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“bytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInst

agram,可知，“受到在一些社交平台上可以赚钱的吸引，许多澳大利亚年轻人被卷入其中”。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，gettingsuckedin也应该表达的意思是“参与其中、卷入其中”。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段DrLaurenRosewarne所说的话inreali

ty,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.可知，她先是表示通过社交媒体赚钱是很难很不现实的，做到的人也很少。再根据倒数第四段“Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortuneso

utofmonetizing(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm.”可知，有些人可以通过在instagram上发帖赚钱，但这不是常态。由此判断出，靠社交平台赚钱

并非好主意。故选D项。11．细节理解题。最后一段“"Allofasudden,peopleownyourprivatelife”可知，突然之间，人们拥有了你的私人生活。所以Tonieager认为过度使用社交媒体会导致个人隐私的损失。故选B项。32.（2020届江西省新余市高考二

模）Ifyoubelievethatscientistsandartistsaremostcreativewhenthey'reyoung,youaremissinganimportantpartofthes

tory.AnewstudypublishedinDeEconomistlookedatNobelPrizewinnersinthefieldofeconomics.Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyi

naperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.Theresearchsupportspreviousworkbytheauthorsthatfoundsimilarpatternsintheartsandothersciences."We

believewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally,"saidBruceWeinberg,l

eadauthorofthestudyandprofessorofeconomicsatTheOhioStateUniversity."Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusivelya

ssociatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou'retalkingabout."Inthestudy,thosewhodidtheirmostgroundbreakingworkearlyintheir

careerstendedtobe"conceptual"innovators(创新者).Thesetypeofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventionalwisd

omandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.Conceptualinnovatorsarenotyetimmersed(沉浸于)intheacceptedtheoriesofthei

rfield,Weinbergsaid.Butthereisanotherkindofcreativity,hesaid,whichisfoundamong"experimental"innovators.Theseinnovatorsacc

umulateknowledgethroughtheircareersandfindnewwaystounderstandit.Thelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinn

ovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)career."Whetheryouhityourcreativepeakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhav

eaconceptualorexperimentalapproach,"Weinbergsaid.Theresearcherstookanovel,empirical(经验主义的)approachtothestudy,whichinvo

lved31laureates.Theyarrangedthelaureatesonalistfromthemostexperimentaltomostconceptual.Thisrankingwasbasedonthelaureates'mostimportantwork,classifyin

gtheminto"conceptual"or"experimental".Afterclassifyingthelaureates,theresearchersdeterminedtheageatwhicheachlaureatemadehismostimportantcontribut

iontoeconomicsandcouldbeconsideredathiscreativepeak.Theyfoundthatconceptuallaureatespeakedbetweenages25and29.Experimentallaureatespeaked

whentheywereroughlytwiceasold,intheirmid-50s."Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork."12．Wh

atdidthestudypublishedinDeEconomistfind?A．Creativitycomesatanyage,youngorold.B．Creativitytendstodecreaseaspeoplegetolder.C．Economists,artistsandother

scientistshavemuchincommon.D．Economistsaremorecreativethanartistsandotherscientists.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thinkoutsidethebox"mean?A．

Followrulesstrictly.B．Experimentonboxes.C．Breakoldthoughtpatterns.D．Figureouthowtoescapefromabox.14．Whatdoweknowabout"experimental"

innovators?A．Theyusuallycomeupwithnewideasallofasudden.B．Theymakediscoveriesthroughconstanttrialanderror.C．Themajorityofthemreachtheircreativepeak

intheirtwenties.D．Theymakemorecontributionsthan"conceptual"innovators.15．Whatdotheresearchersbelievedeterminessomeone'screativepeak?A．One'spersona

litytype.B．Whatkindofjobonetakes.C．Howonehandlestheirwork.D．One'sattitudetowardtheirwork.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了通过对一些诺贝尔获

奖者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者。12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativi

ty.Onecomesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.”可知，这项研究表明，创造力的巅峰可能来自与事业早期，也可能是在后期，对应一个人的年轻时与年纪稍大时，A选项符合文意。故选A项。1

3．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“Thesetypeofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomin

gupwithnewideas.”可知，非谓语动词部分可以看作对这一短语的解释，意为“挑战传统智慧，提出新的想法”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的模式、框架。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据第八段“Thelongperiodsof

trialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)career.”可知，在一位诺贝尔奖得主的职业生涯中，重要的实验性创新经历

了漫长的不断的尝试和错误。所以他们通过不断的尝试和错误获得了发现。故选B项。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouappro

achyourwork.”可知，在这项研究中，决定创造力巅峰的就是你如何处理你的工作。所以研究人员认为是如何处理他们的工作决定了一个人的创造力峰值。故选C项。33.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Studen

tsdealwithmanyproblemsintheirlivesandbecauseofallofthecompetingthingsfortheirattention,it'shardtoconcentrateonstudying.16．Thekeytoeffectiv

estudyingisn'tcramming(死记硬背)orstudyinglonger,butstudyingsmarter.17．Toomanypeoplelookatstudyingasanecessarytask,not

anenjoymentoropportunitytolearn.That'sfine,butresearchershavefoundthathowyouapproachsomethingmattersalmostasmuchaswhatyoudo.Sometimesyoucan't

“force”yourselftobeintherightstateofmind.Aimtothinkpositivelywhenyoustudy,andremindyourselfofyourskillsandabilities.18．Insteadofthinking,“I

'mamess.I'llneverhaveenoughtimetostudyforthisexam",lookatitlike,“ImaybealittlelatetostudyasmuchasI'dlike,butI'llgetmostofitdone.”Memorygamesa

remethodsforrememberingpiecesofinformationusingasimpleconnectionofcommonwords.Mostoftenpeoplegetwordstoformanonsensesentence

thatiseasytoremember.Memorygamesarehelpfulbecauseyouusemoreofyourbraintoremembervisualandactiveimagestha

nyoudotorememberjustalistofitems.19．Alotofpeoplemakethemistakeofstudyinginaplacethatreallyisn'thelpfultoconcentrating.2

0．Thelibrary,acornerinastudyhall,oraquietcoffeehousearegoodplacestocheckout.Makesuretochoosethequietarea

sintheseplaces,nottheloud,centralgatheringareas.Findinganidealstudyplaceisimportant,becauseit'stheoneyoucanreliablycountonforthenextfewyears

.A．Avoidterriblethinking.B．Avoidcomparingyourselfwithothers.C．Anoisyplacemakesforapoorstudyarea.D．Usingmoreofyourbrainmea

nsbettermemory.E.Havingarightattitudeisimportanttostudysmarter.F.Youneedmoreeffectivestudyhabitsforbettergrades.G.Everyperso

nisuniqueintheirwayofeffectivelearning.【答案】16．F17．E18．A19．D20．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出学习不能光靠死记硬背和花时间，要学得聪明一点，并从几个

方面提供了一些注意事项。16．上一句讲到学生在学习中会遇到问题，下一句转到有效率的学习的关键，F选项“你需要更有效率的学习习惯来取得好成绩”上下连贯，符合语境。故选F项。17．空白处是第二段的主题句，根据第二段“太多的人把学习视为一项必要的任务，而不是学习的乐趣或机会。这很好，但

是研究人员发现，你如何对待某事几乎和你做什么一样重要”所以本段主要讲对于学习要态度积极，E选项“要学得聪明，有正确的态度很重要”符合本段主题。故选E项。18．从下一句给出的一个正向思考的例子“不要想:“

我一团糟。”我永远不会有足够的时间来准备这次考试。”你可以这样想，“我可能会晚一点，但我会完成大部分的考试。”来看，这里顺应本段主题，是要告诉我们遇到困难从积极正面的角度去思考，不要消极思维。A选项“避免糟糕的想法”符

合语境。故选A项。19．本段主要讲记忆游戏，空白处上一句描述这种方法好原因在于记忆视觉和动态图像时使用大脑更多，D选项“使用大脑更多意味着更好的记忆力”与前文呼应。故选D项。20．本段主题是选择合适的学习地点，段首句就指出很多人错误地选择了学习地点，无法专注，C选项“一个喧闹的地方并

不适合学习”承接上文。故选C项。34.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）FamousDanceFormsFromAroundTheWorldSinginganddancingisanessentialpartofmanyculturesaroundt

heworldandhasbeensoforcenturies.Worldwide,variousdanceformshaveevolvedovertheyearsandsomehavecrossedtheirregiona

lboundariesandgainedadmirersglobally.Herewepresentsomeofthemostfamousdancestylesintheworld.Ballet,RussiaNodanceformcanapproachgracefulnessascl

oselyastheRussianballet.Itisanartisticdanceformthatisperformedtomusic.ThestepsofRussianballetdemandhigh

levelsofprecisionandformality.TheclassicalballetdanceformwhichoriginatedinRenaissanceItalywasintroducedtoRussiaduringth

eruleofPetertheGreatandsincethenbecameanintegralpartofRussiansociety.Flamenco,SpainFlamencoisagloballyfamousdanceformt

hatoriginatedinSpain.Thedanceisaccompaniedbyguitarplaying,singing,fingersnapping,andhandclapping.Flamencois

closelylinkedtotheRomanipeopleinSpain,anditsstyleisdistinctlyAndalusian.Theartformiscurrentlytaughtinmanycountriesworldwidebut

ismostpopularintheUSandJapan.Inthelattercountry,FlamencoschoolsoutnumberthoseinSpain.Tango,ArgentinaTangoisa

partnerdancethatisassociatedwithstyleandexpressiveness.Inthe1880's,thedanceformoriginatedalongtheRiverPlatewhichisthenatur

alborderbetweenUruguayandArgentina.Manydifferentstylesoftangoexisttodayandinternationaltangodancingcompetitionsareheldeachyearsignifyingthepopular

ityofthisdance.Samba,BrazilSambaissynonymous（同义的）withthefamousCarnivalofBrazil.ItisaBraziliandancestyleandmusicgenrewithrootsinAfricaanda

rrivedinLatinAmericaviatheAfricanslaveswhoarrivedinLatinAmericawiththeirEuropeanmasters.Sambaisassociatedwithrhythmandb

rightlycoloredcostumesandisconsideredasanintegralpartoftheBrazilianculture.1．Whichdanceformisbelieved

tobethemostgraceful?A．Tango.B．Ballet.C．Samba.D．Flamenco2．WhatisthemainfeatureofTango?A．Highlevelsofprecisionandformality.B．Beingaccompaniedbyfi

ngersnappingandhandclapping.C．Rhythmandbrightlycoloredcostumes.D．Styleandexpressiveness.3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsis

trueaccordingtothepassage?A．BalletoriginatedinRussiaduringtheruleofPetertheGreat.B．SpainhasmoreFlamencoschoolsthanJapan.C．Sambawas

broughttoBrazilbyEuropeanmastersD．Allthefourformsofdancementioneddidnotoriginateintheirowncountries【答案】1．B2．D3．D【解析】本文是一篇说明

文，介绍芭蕾、弗拉明戈、探戈和桑巴这四种世界著名的舞蹈形式。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“NodanceformcanapproachgracefulnessascloselyastheRussianballet.（没有哪一种舞蹈形式像俄罗

斯芭蕾那样优雅。）”可知，作者认为芭蕾是最优雅的舞蹈形式。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tangoisapartnerdancethatisassociatedwithstyleandexpr

essiveness.”可知，探戈这种舞蹈形式的特点是风格独特，并且表达力强。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“ItisaBraziliandancestyleandmusicgenrewithrootsinAfr

icaandarrivedinLatinAmericaviatheAfricanslaveswhoarrivedinLatinAmericawiththeirEuropeanmasters.（这是一种巴西风格舞蹈和音乐流派，起源于非洲，是通过和欧洲的主人一起到达拉丁美洲的非洲奴隶传到拉丁美洲的

。）”可知，桑巴舞虽然是巴西风格的舞蹈，但是起源于非洲。文中介绍的四种舞蹈形式并不都是起源于它们自己的国家。故选D项。