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【命题趋势】最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此

说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了4-5%。不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语

篇，例如，下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明）等。【满分技巧】高考阅读理解中，说明文为主要体裁之一。高考阅读理解题的设问主要围绕以下四方面：细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、猜测词义题。其中，说明文主要以细节事实、主旨大意和猜测词义三方

面问题为主。一、词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。历年英语高考题中均有此类题目，有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。判断一个

单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义，可以根据以下几种方法猜测：（一）内在逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知

识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义。1.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词2.根据因果关系猜测词义3.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义4.通过句法功能来推测词义5.通过描述猜词（二）外部相关因素重难点03阅读理解之说明文外部相关因素是指篇章（

句子或段落）以外的其他知识，有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们

可以推断出slither词义为＂爬行＂。（三）构词法在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根,前缀,后缀,合成等构词法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。1.根据前缀猜测词义2.根据后缀猜测

词义3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义二、主旨大意类题型主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎样把握主旨大意题呢？通常有以下几种方法：（一）阅读文章的标题或副标题文章的标题是一篇

文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。（二）寻找文章的主题句分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成

，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想

常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支

撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。【热点话题】说明文热衷话题有：科普类，环保类。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（合肥六中2020届高三冲刺最后一卷）话题：文章主要说明了新加坡和越南的工程师们决定把所有的垃圾变成有用的东西。难

度：★★建议用时：6分Whenlifegivesyoupineapples—andhundredsofmillionsoftonsofpineapplewaste—whatdoyoudo?EngineersinSingaporeandVietnamdecided

totumallthewasteintosomethinguseful—theheatbarrierfortheirpineapplejuice.Notonlydoestheirnewmaterialkeepdrinkscoolbettert

hanmanycommercialcoolers,butitcouldalsoofferafinalrestingplacefortheworld’spineapplewaste.Tofindausefortho

seleftovers,theresearchersmixedpineapplefibers,whichtheycutupinanelectricdevice,withastickyagentasasolven

t.Theythentreatedthemixwithsoundwavesatfrequenciesgreaterthan20kHzandheateditinanovenat80℃for2hours.Thesuspensionthatformedwasthencoo

ledbeforebeingfreeze-dried.Theresultwasapaleyellowaerogel(气凝胶)thatislightweight,flexible,andmorethan96%porous(多孔的)—qualitiesth

atmakeitanidealmaterialagainstbothheatandsound.Whentheresearcherswrappedasheetofthepineappleaerogelaroundamilitary-stylecanteenbottle,theyfoundthatt

heaerogelcouldprovidethreetimestheheatexchangereductionofcommerciallyavailablealternatives—theyreportedthismonthinMaterial

sChemistryandPhysics.Thegel-wrappedbottlekept-3℃watercooledbelow0℃for6hoursandliquidheatedto90℃above40℃for2.5hours.What’smore,thep

ineapplegelalsoactedasasoundbarrier;inanothertest,thegeldidabetterjobofpreventingnoisefromgettinginoroutthanBasmel,apopularkindo

fsoundbarrier.Thefindingsprovideanew,eco-friendlyapproachtorecyclingagriculturalcast-offs—andagoodexcusetogetabetterelectricdeviceforyourkit

chen.8.Whydoengineerscomeupwiththeideaoftheheatbarrier?A.Tolowerthecostofheatbarriers.B.Tomakegoodus

eofpineapplewaste.C.Tofindabettercoolerforpineapplejuice.D.Toturnpineapplesintosomethingmoreuseful.9.Whatisthelaststepofmakingth

epineappleaerogel?A.Freeze-dryingthesuspension.B.Coolingtheformedsuspension.C.Cuttingupthepineappleleftov

ers.D.Treatingthemixwithsoundwaves.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepineappleaerogelfromparagraph4?A.Itkeptt

heliquidheatedto130℃forabout2.5hours.B.Itkeptthewatercooledbelow-3℃fornearly6hours.C.Itcouldbethreet

imesaseffectiveasotherheatbarriers.D.Itdidabetterjobasasoundbarrierthanasaheatbarrier.11.Whatisthebesttitlefor

thetext?A.ABetterWaytoKeepDrinksCool.B.AnAlternativeWaytoRecycleWaste.C.PineappleWaste,aWonderfulDrinkCooler.D.Pineapples,OneoftheMos

tCommonFruits.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新加坡和越南的工程师们决定把所有的垃圾变成有用的东西——菠萝汁的隔热层。这种新材料不仅能比许多商业冷藏器更好地冷藏饮料，还能为世界上的菠萝垃圾提供一个最

后的归宿。文章主要介绍了这种菠萝冷却器的制作过程，以及与其他冷却器相比菠萝冷却的优势。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Whenlifegivesyoupineapples—andhundredsofmillionsoftonsofpineapplewaste—whatdoyoudo?Eng

ineersinSingaporeandVietnamdecidedtotumallthewasteintosomethinguseful—theheatbarrierfortheirpineapplejuice.可知

当生活给你菠萝---数亿吨菠萝废物，你会怎么做？新加坡和越南的工程师们决定把所有的垃圾变成有用的东西——菠萝汁的隔热层。由此可知，工程师为了充分利用菠萝废料，而有了菠萝隔热层的想法。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Thesuspensiontha

tformedwasthencooledbeforebeingfreeze-dried.可知形成的悬浮液在被冻干之前被冷却。由此可知，制作菠萝气凝胶的最后一步是冷冻干燥悬浮液。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Whentheresearcherswr

appedasheetofthepineappleaerogelaroundamilitary-stylecanteenbottle,theyfoundthattheaerogelcouldprovidethreetimestheheatexchangere

ductionofcommerciallyavailablealternatives—theyreportedthismonthinMaterialsChemistryandPhysics.可知研究人员在本月的《材料化学与物理》杂志上报道，当他们将一张菠萝气凝胶包裹在

一个军用水壶瓶子上时，他们发现这种气凝胶能够提供三倍于市面上现有替代品的热交换减少。由此可知，菠萝气凝胶的效率可能是其他热屏障的三倍。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中EngineersinSingaporeandVietnamdecidedt

otumallthewasteintosomethinguseful—theheatbarrierfortheirpineapplejuice.Notonlydoestheirnewmaterialkeepdrinksc

oolbetterthanmanycommercialcoolers,butitcouldalsoofferafinalrestingplacefortheworld’spineapplewaste.可知新加坡和越南的工程师们决定把所有的垃圾变成有用的东西——菠萝汁的隔热层。这种新材料

不仅能比许多商业冷却器更好地冷藏饮料，还能为世界上的菠萝垃圾提供一个最后的归宿。结合文章主要介绍了这种菠萝冷却器的制作过程，以及与其他冷却器相比菠萝冷却的优势。由此可知，C选项“菠萝废料，一种很棒的饮料冷却器”最符合文章标题。故选C。B（长春外国语学校2020-2021学年第一学期高三年级期初考

试）话题：文章主要说明了每个人都会拖延，这是人类状态的一部分。难度：★★建议用时：6分Everyoneprocrastinates(拖延).“It'spartofthehumancondition,”saysprocrasti

nationresearcherTimPychyl.“Wewanttofeelgoodnow.Thewaytodothatisavoidthetask.”Headmitsthatintheshortterm,procrastinationispowerfullyrewarding.Theprese

ntself-benefits,ofcourse,butnotthefutureself.Hisresearchhasshownthatpeoplecanprocrastinateonnearlyanything,evenenjoyabletaskss

uchasplanningavacation.Somepeopleprocrastinatecleaning.Somepeopleprocrastinatebycleaning.Thetoptaskspeopledelayareadvancingt

heircareers,takingcareoftheirhealth,andplanningtheirfinances.Onebigfactorforthemisfearoffailure,ofnotlivin

guptoexpectations.KelliSaginak,a57-year-oldhealthcoachfromWisconsin,procrastinatedaboutlookingforanewjobforyea

rs.Thatinabilitytotakeactiononlyconfirmedherbeliefthatshewouldneverdoanybetter.“It'stotallyfearofjudgment,”saysSaginak.“IfIdon'ttaketh

erisk,Idon'thavetofacethejudgment.Yetit'ssimplymejudgingmyself.”Somepeopleembraceprocrastination,insistingthatthewhite-hotpressureofalast-minu

tecompletionmakeshisorherworkbetter.Butresearchershaveproveditwrong.“Ididanexperiment,puttingprocrastinatorsunderr

estrictionsoftime.Theydidworsethannon-procrastinators,buttheythoughttheydidbetter.”saysJosephFerrari,apsychologyprofessor.“Non-Procrastina

torsfocusonthetaskthatneedstobedone.Theyhaveastrongerpersonalidentityandarelessconcernedaboutwhatpsychologistscallsocialesteem'showoth

erslikeus.”Procrastinationisusuallynotgoingtobegoodforyou.Justthinkingaboutwhatyouhaven'tdonemaycausediscomfort.Soifyouhavebe

enprocrastinatingonstartinganexerciseroutine,justputonyourwalkingshoes.Ifyou'vebeenputtingoffaworkproject,rereadyourboss'

snotesaboutit.8.AccordingtoTimPychyl,peopleprocrastinatebecause.A.itsimplifiesthetasksB.itofferstemporaryreliefC.ita

llowsmoretimeforplanningD.itbenefitsone'sselfdevelopment9.WhatdidKelliSaginakmeanby“Yetit'ssimplymejudgingmyself”?A.Shehasfalseexpectations.B

.Shemakesquickjudgement.C.Sheregretstakingnoaction.D.Shevaluesherpresentcareer.10.WhatdoesJosephFerrari'sexperimentshow?A.Proc

rastinatorsusuallylackconfidence.B.Procrastinatorsturnpressureintomotivation.C.Non-procrastinatorscaremuchaboutothers'feelings.D.N

on-procrastinatorsperformbetterwithinatimelimit.11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsprocrastination?A.Favorable.B

.Reserved.C.Opposed.D.Objective.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了每个人都会拖延，这是人类状态的一部分。研究拖延症的TimPychyl的研究表明人们可以拖延几乎任何

事情，甚至是愉快的任务，如计划假期。文章还分析了导致人们拖延的一些因素，以及拖延带来的不良后果。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“It'spartofthehumancondition,”saysprocrastinat

ionresearcherTimPychyl.“Wewanttofeelgoodnow.Thewaytodothatisavoidthetask.”Headmitsthatintheshortterm,procrastin

ationispowerfullyrewarding.Thepresentself-benefits,ofcourse,butnotthefutureself.可知“这是人类状态的一部分，”研究拖延症的Ti

mPychyl说。“我们现在想要感觉良好。这样做的方法是避免任务。他承认，从短期来看，拖延是非常有益的。当然，现在的自我利益，而不是未来的自我利益。由此可知，TimPychyl认为，人们拖延是因为它能提供暂时的缓解。故选B。【9题详解】句意猜测题。根据第三段中KelliSaginak,a57-

year-oldhealthcoachfromWisconsin,procrastinatedaboutlookingforanewjobforyears.Thatinabilitytotakeactiononlyconfirmedherbeliefthatshewouldneverdoanybe

tter.“It'stotallyfearofjudgment,”saysSaginak.可知来自威斯康辛州、现年57岁的健康教练KelliSaginak拖延了好几年才开始找新工作。无法采取行动只会让她坚信自己永远不会做得更好。

“这完全是对评判的恐惧，”Saginak说。由此可知，KelliSaginak所说的“Yetit'ssimplymejudgingmyself”的意思是她后悔没有采取行动。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ididanexperiment,puttingprocrastinator

sunderrestrictionsoftime.Theydidworsethannon-procrastinators,buttheythoughttheydidbetter.”saysJosephFerrari,apsychologyprofessor.“Non-Procrastina

torsfocusonthetaskthatneedstobedone.Theyhaveastrongerpersonalidentityandarelessconcernedaboutwhatpsychologistscallsocialesteem'showothe

rslikeus.”可知“我做过一个实验，将拖延者置于时间限制之下。他们比不拖拉的人做得更差，但他们认为自己做得更好。”心理学教授JosephFerrari说。“非拖延者会专注于需要完成的任务。他们有更强的个人认同感，不太关心心理学家所说的社会尊重，即别人如何喜欢我们。”由此可知，Josep

hFerrari的实验说明了不拖拉的人在限定的时间内表现得更好。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Procrastinationisusuallynotgoingtobegoodforyou.Justthinkinga

boutwhatyouhaven'tdonemaycausediscomfort.可知拖延症通常对你没有好处。仅仅想到你没有做的事情可能会让你感到不适。由此可推知，作者对拖延症的态度是反对的。故选C。C（哈师大附中2020年高三第四次模拟考试）话题

：文章介绍了法兰克福汽车制造商正在准备汽车展览，介绍了不同汽车的功能。难度：★★建议用时：6分FascinationAutoFRANKFURT,Germany-EuropeanautomakersarepreparingforthebiggestE

uropeanmotorshow,the89thInternationalAutomobile-Ausstellung(IAA)inFrankfurt,withaffordablenewfamilycoupe(小汽车)andrange-t

oppingluxurymodels.MaseratiSpyderGT[Failedtodownloadimage:http://qbm-images.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/QBM/2020/7/22/25

11458186510336/2512025356533760/STEM/78e1b9d837464fd48bef109682322bfa.png]Maserati’snewSpyderGTmayresemblethecoupeontheouterappearance,butithasashort

erwheelbase,anewengineandanewmechanicalplatform.Thecoupewon’treceivethosechangesuntil2021.Thenew4.4-literV-8enginegets390horsepowerand44pou

ndslighterthanthe3.2-literbiturbopowerplantitreplaces.TheSpyderisexpectedtobeabout$138,000.Saab9X[Failedtodownloadimage

:http://qbm-images.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/QBM/2020/7/22/2511458186510336/2512025356533760/STEM/5ea6d61c7464476b981d37a191

f2beb5.png]DescribedbySaab,the9Xisasportscoupethatcombinesthefeaturesofacoupe,roadster(跑车),sedan(私家轿车)andpickuptruc

k.Thetwo-doorcoupe,createdbyMichaelMauer,isapreviewoffutureSaabstylingsignal.BMW9Series[Failedtodownloadimag

e:http://qbm-images.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/QBM/2020/7/22/2511458186510336/2512025356533760/STEM/26f7221a42894aa

e9bb1d4796553db4a.png]AfourthgenerationofBMW’shigh-dollarsedanarrivesfor2021,introducingwhatBMWsaysistheworld’sfi

rstsix-speedautomatictransmission(变速器).TheV-8engineissaidtobeloadedwithtechnicaladvances.Itdevelops353horsepowerand332pou

nd-feetoftwistingforce.ThelatestversionofBMW’sHeadProtectionSystemaddsrear-sideairbags.ActiveKneeProtection,whichcontainsanadditionalairbagto

protectthekneesoffrontpassengers,isanewfeature.Porsche911CarreraTarga[Failedtodownloadimage:http://qbm-images.oss-cn-hangz

hou.aliyuncs.com/QBM/2020/7/22/2511458186510336/2512025356533760/STEM/e7ebda2d65514445858890c1c6e68f56.png]Thethirdmodelinthe911Carreraserie

sintheredesignedTarga,whichjoinsthecoupe.TheTarga’swholeglassroofcoversnearly5squarefeetandispoweredbytwoelect

ricmotors.Therearwindowisnowfoldedforabiggercargobay,whichhasincreasedfrom7.1to8.1cubicfeet.1.Whatdoes“biturbopowerplant”refertoinParagraph2?A.Whee

lbase.B.Horsepower.C.Platform.D.Engine.2.Whichofthefollowingismoreconcentratedonsafety?A.Saab9X.B.BMW9Series.C.MaseratiSpyderGT.D.Po

rsche911CarreraTarga.3.WhatisspecialaboutSaab9X?A.Itsignalsthestyleoffuturecoupes.B.Itprovidesall-glasstopfortheowner.C.Itis

acombinationofvariousfunctions.D.Itresemblestheotherfour-doorcoupesphysically.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了法兰克福汽车制造商正在准备汽车展览，介绍了不

同汽车的功能。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thenew4.4-literV-8enginegets390horsepowerand44poundslighterthanthe3.2-literbiturbopowerplantitrepl

aces.”新的4.4升V-8发动机获得390马力，比它所取代的3.2升双涡轮动力装置轻44磅。这里发动机和动力装置意思一致，所以biturbopowerplant指的是发动机。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Act

iveKneeProtection,whichcontainsanadditionalairbagtoprotectthekneesoffrontpassengers,isanewfeature.”主动保护膝盖这项新功能，包括一个

额外的安全气囊，以保护前排乘客的膝盖。所以这里只有宝马更加注重乘客安全。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“DescribedbySaab,the9Xisasportscoupethatcombines

thefeaturesofacoupe,roadster(跑车),sedan(私家轿车)andpickuptruck.”萨博9X是一个跑车,这款车的特点是结合了双门跑车，跑车，私家轿车和皮卡。所以萨博9X的特殊之处是结合了不同车的功能，故选C项。D（长春外国语学校20

20-2021学年第一学期高三年级期初考试）话题：研究人员发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分。难度：★★建议用时：6分Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalot

ofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewh

odrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,＂Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,esp

eciallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain.＂TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholResearchr

eviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.BostonUniversity’sDr.Ha

rveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物学机制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotective

effectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiess

uggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholpr

ovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfrom

thoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationd

rinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamount

sofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbecomingobese.What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白

藜芦醇),acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.12.Thepassageismainlyforthose___________.A.whoproducew

ineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight13.Theunderlinedphrase＂inmoderation＂inthefirstparagraphmeans___________.A.excite

dlyB.carefullyC.frequentlyD.properly14.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmode

ratedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotect

iveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.15.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A

.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabov

e.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。研究人员发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖，并且适量饮酒会防止人们得糖尿病。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句Ithas

alwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassad

aycouldformpartofadiet.可知，研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖。全文都在叙述与之有关的研究，所以本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。故选B。【13题详解】猜测词义题。根据第一段第二

句Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.（尽管酗酒的确可

以增加体重，但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。），根据连词while可知，上下文存在对比关系，inmoderation指适当的，有节制的，故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectso

fmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.可知，适量饮酒对于糖尿病有防护作用，也就是说适量饮酒的人不会患上糖尿

病。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.可知，一项研究说明葡萄和红酒

中存在的resveratrol实际上可以破坏肥胖细胞，那么接下来就应该证明这一理论的正确性，故选C。【点睛】推理题的解题方法1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含

的深层含义。2.整合全文（段）信息进行推断做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。小题2根据第一段第二句Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonwei

ght;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。根据连词while可知上下文存在对比关系，故选B。E（江西师大附中2020届高三三模英语

考试卷）话题：文章主要讲述了看起来似乎是讨厌的生物，但在植物授粉方面，蜜蜂发挥着重要作用。难度：★★★建议用时：6分Whilebeeshoppingfromoneflowertoanotherisvividtowatch,havingbeesdisturbingabackyardbar

becuecertainlyisn’t.Theymayseemlikepeskycreaturestogetridof,buttherearequiteafewthingsyoumaynotknowaboutbees,especiallytheimpa

cttheyhaveonourlivelihood.Themainpurposeofbees,particularlyhoneybees,istohelppollinatetheplantsaroundthem.AccordingtotheDepartmentofEntom

ologyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,pollinators(suchasbees)helptofertilizeplants,whichresultsin“theformationofseedsandthefruitsurroundings

eeds”.Pollinatorsarenecessaryforthree-quartersofourmajorfoodcrops,includingfruits,vegetables,andnuts.Anesti

mated300,000speciesofplantsneedpollinators.That’saround80to95percentofplantspecies.Withoutpollinators,thenumberof

cropswehavewilltakeaserioushit.Otherpollinatorscanhelpoutwiththisprocessincludingbutterflies,beetles,andflies.Evensomebirdsandbatscanbep

ollinators.However,beesofvariousspeciesareknownforbeingnaturalpollinatorsforplants.Unfortunately,foryearstherehasbeenanalarmingdecline

ofbeesaroundtheglobe.TheUniversityofVermontpublishedastudystatingthat23percentofthewildbeepopulationdeclinedbetween2008and2013.139countiesinpartsofCa

lifornia,thePacificNorthwest,theMidwest,westTexasandtheMississippiRivervalleyhavetakentheworsthitinwildbeedeclines.Since39percentofU.S.croplandsrel

yonpollinatorsfortheircropincludingthosebelovedappleorchardsandpumpkinpatchesinthefall,wearefacingaseriousthreat

.Bytakingcareofthebees,ourworldisabletobenefitintermsofagriculturalincomeandnutritiousfoodsupply.Youmaynotbeabletomakeahugechangeonanin

dustriallevel,butassomeonewithalandscapeofyourown,whynothelpsavethebees?28.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeesIsDisappearing?B.Ho

wYouCanSaveBees?C.HowBeesHelpPollinatethePlants?D.WhyYouShouldn’tKillBeesinYourYard?29.Whatisthemainpurposeofbees?A.Toprovide

delicioushoney.B.Todisturbbackyardbarbecue.C.Togetridofsomepeskycreatures.D.Tohelppollinatetheplantsaroundthem.30.Whydoestheauthorlistthenumb

ersinParagraph2?A.Toshowthediversityofplantspecies.B.Toshowhowwedependonplants.C.Toprovetheimportanceofpollinatorssuch

asbees.D.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenplantswhichneedpollinatorsandwhichdon’t.31.Whydoestheauthorsay“wearefacingaserio

usthreat”?A.Becausethebeepopulationhasdecreasedsharply.B.Becauselotsofwildbeeshavebeenhitbypeople.C.Bec

ausemanypeopleareattackedbywildbees.D.Becausethecroplandshaveproducedlesscropsinthefall.【答案】28.D29.D30.C31.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲

述了看起来似乎是讨厌的生物，但在植物授粉方面，蜜蜂发挥着重要作用，从而使人类能够在农业收入和营养食物供应方面获益。因此，作者在文章中呼吁帮助拯救数量正在急剧下降的蜜蜂。【28题详解】主旨大意题。文章结构为总分总结构，首尾段落相呼应。文章首段出现了

“but”句，说明此句应是本文的中心话题句。分析该句“Theymayseemlikepeskycreaturestogetridof,buttherearequiteafewthingsyoumaynotknowaboutbees,especially

theimpacttheyhaveonourlivelihood.(它们看起来似乎是讨厌的生物，但你可能不知道关于蜜蜂的很多事情，尤其是它们对我们生活的影响。)”且结合文章末尾内容“Bytakingcareofthebees,ourwor

ldisabletobenefitintermsofagriculturalincomeandnutritiousfoodsupply.Youmaynotbeabletomakeahugechangeonanindustriallevel,butassomeonewithal

andscapeofyourown,whynothelpsavethebees?(通过照顾蜜蜂，我们的世界能够在农业收入和营养食物供应方面获益。你可能无法在工业层面上做出巨大的改变，但作为一个拥有自己风

景的人，为什么不帮助拯救蜜蜂呢?)”可知，本文的主题是陈述蜜蜂的重要性以及呼吁我们不要杀死蜜蜂。D项“WhyYouShouldn’tKillBeesinYourYard?(为什么你不应该杀死你院子里的蜜蜂?)”贴合主旨要义，可作最佳标题。故选D项。【29题详解】细节理解

题。根据文章第二段第1句内容“Themainpurposeofbees,particularlyhoneybees,istohelppollinatetheplantsaroundthem.”可知蜜蜂的主要作用是帮助它们周围的植物授粉。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题

。根据第二段中，列举数字之后的总结句“Withoutpollinators,thenumberofcropswehavewilltakeaserioushit.”可知，没有传粉者，我们的农作物数量将受到严重打击。因此

可推知作者列举这些数字目的就是为了说明像蜜蜂这样的授粉者的重要性。故选C项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第1句内容“Unfortunately,foryearstherehasbeenanalarmingdeclineo

fbeesaroundtheglobe.”可知，多年来全球蜜蜂数量急剧下降，并在后文中进行了详细的阐述，且该段末尾内容“Since39percentofU.S.croplandsrelyonpollinatorsfortheircropincludingthosebelove

dappleorchardsandpumpkinpatchesinthefall,wearefacingaseriousthreat.”提到39%的美国农田依靠传粉者来授粉才会有所收成，而蜜蜂是在授粉方面发挥重要作用。由此可推知作者之所以说我们正面临威胁是因为全球蜜蜂数

量急剧减少，会导致许多农产品产量下降。故选A项。【点睛】通过文章主题句来确定标题了解文章的主要论题的关键使找到全文的主题句。主题句一般在文章首段，尤其是在首段或第二段首句出现了“but”句的时候，but句往往成为全文的主题句。比如文章的第1

小题：1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeesIsDisappearing?B.HowYouCanSaveBees?C.HowBeesHelpPollinatethePlants?D.WhyYouShouldn’tKillBeesinY

ourYard?一般而言，第1题为主旨大意题，即：选择最佳标题或文章大意题，说明首段提及了文章的主题。通过阅读首段，发现了but句，即主题句：Theymayseemlikepeskycreaturestogetridof,buttherearequit

eafewthingsyoumaynotknowaboutbees,especiallytheimpacttheyhaveonourlivelihood.，可知文章的主题为陈述蜜蜂的重要性，也就回答了D项的问题：WhyYouShou

ldn’tKillBeesinYourYard?同时从标题特点角度来说，D项更能引起兴趣，且贴合主题。故选D项为最佳标题。F（嘉积中学2019—2020学年度第一学期月考）话题：文章介绍了游览伦敦使用VisitorOysterCard的好处，如何购买及如何充值。难度：★★★

建议用时：6分TheVisitorOystercardAVisitorOystercardisthecheapestwaytopayforasingleadultjourneyinLondon.It’saplasticsmartca

rd.Youcanuseitonthebus,tube,tram,DLR,LondonOvergroundandmostNationalRailservices.It’smuchcheaperthanbuyingindividualtickets,insomecasescosti

ng50%lessthanthepriceofaregularpaperticket.HowtogetaVisitorOystercardYoucanbuyaVisitorOystercardonline.Yourcardwillbedeliveredbypost.

Thecardcosts£5andyouchoosehowmuchmoneyyouwanttoaddtothecard.ThismeansyoucanstartusingthecardthemomentyouarriveinCentralLondo

n.HowdoestheVisitorOystercardwork?TheOystercardworksonapay-as-you-gosystem.Youstartbyaddingmoneytothecard.Thenyoutravel,thecostofthef

arewillautomaticallybedeductedfromyourVisitorOystercard.Forexample,ifyouadd£20tothecardandmakeatubejourneyof£2.30,youwillhave£17.70l

eftonthecard.Afewmorepoints:·Achildundertheageof11travelsfreewhenaccompaniedbyanadult.·You’llsavemoremoneyifyouusethe

tubeseveraltimes.TheVisitorOystercardis“capped(给……定上限)”at£6.80perday.·You’llpaymoreduringpeaktimes.Peakfaresapply

fromMondaytoFriday(6:30am—9:30am;4:00pm—7:00pm),exceptforpublicholidays.·ReusetheOystercardbyaddingcreditatatubestation,Oyster

ticketshoporVisitorCentre.·ReceiveadiscountontheThamesClippersRiverBusservices.1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheVisitorOystercard

?A.Youcan’tuseitduringpublicholidays.B.Youcanhaveitmaileddirectlytoyourhome.C.YoucangetafreeOystercardifyouorderonline.D.Youc

anreceivea50%discountatanyshopinLondon.2.HowmuchmoneywillbedeductedifyoutakethetubefourtimesinadaywithaVisitorOystercard?A.£

2.30.B.£3.40.C.£6.80.D.£9.20.3.WherecanyouaddcredittoyourVisitorOystercard?A.OntheInternet.B.Atabusstation.C.At

atubestation.D.Inconveniencestores.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了游览伦敦使用VisitorOysterCard的好处，如何购买及如何充值。【1题详解】细节理解题。第二段第二句Yourcardw

illbedeliveredbypost.可知VisitorOystercard可以直接寄到你家。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Afewmorepoints部分You’llsavemoremoneyifyouusethetubeseveraltimes.TheVisit

orOystercardis“capped(给……定上限)”at£6.80perday.可知如果你乘几次地铁，你会节省更多的钱。VisitorOyster卡的“上限”是每天6.8英镑。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Afewmorepoints部分倒数第二

段ReusetheOystercardbyaddingcreditatatubestation,OysterticketshoporVisitorCentre.可知可以在地铁站添加，故选C。G（黑龙江省实验中学2020高三期末英语冲

刺仿真模拟训练试题六）话题：说明了瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试的原因。难度：★★★建议用时：6分Whileanentiremonthfreeofhomeworkortestsmaysoundtoogoo

dtobetrue,thatisexactlywhatthestudentsatSturenskolanSchoolinBoden,SwedenweretreatedtoinApril.What’smo

re,iftheresultsoftheexperimentproveencouraging,starting2019,themiddleschoolerswillneverhavetoworryaboutafter－schoolworkortests,asidefromthe

nationalexaminations,whicharecompulsiveforstudentsacrossthecountry.Theschool’sprincipal,PetronellaSirkka,whocameupwiththeid

ea,said,“Weareconstantlyreceivingnewreportsthatourchildrenfeelbad.Andthat’sbecausetheyhaveahighlevelofstre

ssallthetime.Thisisourwayoftryingtoreducethatstress.”Theeducatorsaysthatwhilebanninghomeworkandtestssoundsradical(激进的),itmakessensegiventhechan

gesinthecurriculumandapproachestoeducation.Whileinthepaststudentswereprimarilysubjectedtomemorizingfacts,learningtodayisa

llaboutreflectionandanalysis.Asaresult,itisoftenharderforkids,especiallythosewithlittlesupportathome,tocomprehendthematerialbythemselv

es.Sirkkaisnottheonlyonewhobelievesafter－schoolworkdoesnothelpstudentslearn.InMarch2018,anotherprincipalinCanadaalsodecidedtodoawaywithhom

ework.Theyhopeparentswillspendtheextratimereadingtotheirkids.Whilethelong－termimpactoftherecentdecisionsmadebyt

hetwoeducatorsremainstobeseen,theexperimenthasalreadyprovedsuccessfulinFinlandwhichhasdoneawaywithhomewor

k,grades,andeventeachingbysubjectsformanyyears.Yet,FinnishstudentsalwaysrankhighinthePISA(ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment)testsesp

eciallyinmathandsciencebuttheyhavetheleasthomework!Hopefully,itwillonlybeamatteroftimebeforeUSeducatorsfollowtheirleadandbanafter

－schoolworkaswell!8.ThestudentsatSturenskolanSchoolhadnohomeworkinAprilbecause________.A.theheadmasterwasexperime

ntingwithherideaB.theyneededtodosomeexperimentsduringthemonthC.theywerebusypreparingforthenationalexa

minationsD.theheadmasterhadtocarryoutthegovernment’spolicy9.Whatmakeschildren’slearninghardnowadays?A.Childrenhavetodomoreanalyzing.B.Theapproac

htoeducationiscomplex.C.Childrengetnosupportathomeandschool.D.Therearemorefactstomemorize.10.Whatdoe

sPetronellaSirkkamostlikelyadviseparentstodo?A.Helpchildrenwiththeirhomework.B.Freechildrenfromafter－schoolhousework.C.Sp

endmoretimereadingtotheirchildren.D.Communicatewithteachersfromtimetotime.11.WhatcanweinferaboutthestudentsinFinland?A.Theystudy

thehardestatschool.B.Theyhaveamorerelaxingschoollife.C.Theyenjoygreatsuccessaftergraduation.D.Theyallhaveatalentformathandscience.【答案】8.A9

.A10.C11.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长PetronellaSirkka看到学生作业负担太重，而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获得成功。【8题详解】细节理解题。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a

nentiremonthfreeofhomeworkortests”和“inApril”可知，该学校学生在四月份没有家庭作业和考试，第二段第一句中的“Theschool’sprincipal,PetronellaSirkka,whocameup

withtheidea”，可知，这个学校的校长提出来了这个想法，并且“What’smore,iftheresultsoftheexperimentproveencouraging,starting2019,themiddleschoolerswillnev

erhavetoworryaboutafterschoolworkortests,asidefromthenationalexaminations,whicharecompulsiveforstudentsacrossthecountry.”（更重要的是，如果实验结果令人鼓舞，从2019年开始，

中学生将再也不用担心放学后的作业或考试，除了全国各地的学生都被迫参加的全国性考试。）可知正在进行这项试验，所以，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，并进行试验，故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“Whileinth

epaststudentswereprimarilysubjectedtomemorizingfacts,learningtodayisallaboutreflectionandanalysis.Asaresult,iti

softenharderforkids,especiallythosewithlittlesupportathome,tocomprehendthematerialbythemselves.”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩

子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“Theyhopeparentswillspendtheextratimereadingtotheirkids.

”意思为，他们希望父母花一些额外的时间为孩子阅读，可推知，PetronellaSirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据尾段第一句中的“theexperimenthasalreadyprovedsuccessfu

linFinlandwhichhasdoneawaywithhomework,grades,andeventeachingbysubjectsformanyyears”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚

至科目教学。据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故选B。