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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（十）专题十八阅读理解第10讲阅读理解解题方法指导1.掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的命题规律；2.掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的解题方法；3.掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的高频词。北京中考阅读理解CD篇命题规律总结阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也

是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解主要考察学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。近年来逐渐显现出文

章易懂，但选题较难的趋势，要求阅读速度为每分钟约40-50词。北京中考阅读理解CD篇的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1.阅读量约在350-450字之间；2.题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类、科普环保类、教育类和社会现象类等；3.体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。北京中考阅读理

解CD篇考察的主要内容是：1.考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力；2.考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力；3.考查根据上下文猜测生词名师点拨教学目标的含义的能力；4.考查推断作者意图和态度的能力；5.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。

建议：平时阅读理解要加强科普类、议论类文章的阅读，做题方法不要只停留在机械寻找信息上，注重文章写作结构、主旨大意、观点态度的理解上，阅读英文原著，不要局限于中考试题。北京中考阅读理解CD篇解题方法指导一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，

了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对

号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步

逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案

是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（

effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis

(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题练习1.Auggielivesw

ithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlook

sverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobabl

yworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.（北京东城一模C篇）HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial.B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnor

mal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool.D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2.It’snotajoke,norhavetheCanadiansgonemad.Theyareusingthesec

hickenstoseeiftheWestNilevirus(病毒)isstillaround.Thevirusinfectsbirds,sothechickenshaveachanceofcatchingthevirusandfallill.TheWestNilevirusisspreadam

onghumans.ItkilledsevenpeopleinNewYorklastyear.（北京海淀一模C篇）WhyareCanadianofficialsplacingchickensalongtheborder?A.Tohelpcleanuptheborder.B.Tose

eifthevirusisstillaround.C.Toprotectthechickensfromfallingill.D.Tomakesurethatthebirdscanfindfood.3.FewofushaveheardofNilsBohlin,butwhe

neverwetakeacarjourneyhisinventionmakesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesou

rchancesofdeathorinjury(伤害）byatleast50%.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.（北京朝阳一模C篇

）Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%参考答案：BBD题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求

学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwh

ichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3

.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题练习1.However,somehowitseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosaytopeople“I'm

goingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘alone’,weareactuallyconnectedwithapieceo

felectricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滚屏)throughFacebooknosingintootherpeople

’slivesorseeingwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomp

aredtous.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包裹）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralways

thinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(认可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsthesedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasureofspendingtimejustf

orus.（北京东城一模D篇）Thewriteragrees___________.A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourse

lveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly2.“Perfec

tionistkidsareoftendrivenbyparents.”Asaparent,seewhetheryouarepushingyourchildtofeellikeshecan'tmakeasinglemistake.Doyoutalkabouttopschoolsev

eryday?Doyoumakeahugedealoutofagradethatisn'tanA?“Youcanaskyourchild,‘WhydoyouthinkyouhavetogetstraightA's?”,Franksays.There's

moretolife.Parentscanoffertheirchildrenopportunitiestohavefun.“Modelhardwork,relaxation,laughter,andjoy,”hesays.“It'

snotwhatyousaytokids,it'showyoulive.”（北京东城二模D篇）Whatsuggestiondoesthewritergivetotheparentsofperfectionistchildren?A.

Choosingtopschoolsfortheirchildren.B.Doingsomethingenjoyablewiththeirchildren.C.Preventingtheirchildrenfrommakingmistakes.D.Offeringalotofhe

lpwiththeirchildren'sstudy.3.WhilethereareclearlybothadvantagesanddisadvantageswhenitcomestoApple’slatestinvention,Ipersonall

ylikemysingle-purposewatchthatsimplytellsmethetime!Whataboutyou?Wouldyoubeinterestedinhavingasmartwatch?（北京海淀二模C篇）Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatt

hewriter_______.A.worriesaboutthesafetyofthesmartwatchB.thinkshighlyoftheprogressoftechnologyC.introducesthenewestkindofsmar

tphonesD.preferssingle-purposewatchesthattellthetime参考答案：BBD题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面

上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollow

ingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经

验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题练习1.Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnectedtofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFrance,thisca

nbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfriendsbackinEnglandforachat.Howev

er,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.（北京东城一模D篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?A.Interrupt

iveB.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory.D.Important.2.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweenth

eneighborsisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve.Carecanatt

imesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerfulword,anodo

rasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.Whatdoesthesentence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inPara

graph4probablymean?（北京海淀一模D篇）A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegoodneighbors.B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofs

mallarguments.D.Nobodycanbeperfectenoughtospeakillofothers.3.Bothcompaniesandindividuals（个人）canbenefitfromtelework.Onebenefitforcompaniesist

hatitcansavemoney.Itcanalsohelpimprovemorale.Thisisbecauseworkerswhohavechoicesabouthowtheyworkareoftenhappier.Ifworkersarehappier,theyarelikelyt

odobetterjobs.Thisisgoodforthecompany.Asforindividuals,theycansavemoneybycuttingdowntheirtransportationcosts.Th

eyalsosavetimebecausetheydonothavetogototheofficeeveryday.Dependingonhowoftentheyworkfromhome,telecommuterscansa

vebetween15and25workdayseveryyear.（北京东城二模C篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“morale”probablymean?A.Health.B.Abilities.C.Spirits.D.Wealth.参考答案：ABC题型题型四：

主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagra

phismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto__

___.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题练习1.Isthisasmartinventionortechnology

gonetoofar?WhiletheApplewatchisstylishinappearance,Ican’thelpbutquestioncertainaspects（方面）ofthenewdevice.Isita

positivethingtobeabletoreceivemessagesthroughawatch,oristhisanotherwayoflettingtechnologyupsetoursociallives?（北京海淀二模C篇）Whatisprobablythebes

ttitleforthispassage?A.TheAppleWatch：TheLatestInventionB.TheAppleWatch：SmartandFashionableC.TheAppleWatch：TechnologyGoneTooFar?D.TheAppleWatch

：AConvenientWaytoExercise?2.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingtoomuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.Isupposeitisimpor

tanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourselfandwithotherpeople.（北京东城一模D篇）What’sthebesttitleforth

epassage?A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves

?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?2015hasbeendecidedtobetheYearofFestivalsinMalaysia—sothere’sneverbeenabettertimetovisitM

alaysiathannow.Justturnthepagetoseesomeoftheimportanteventstakingplaceoverthenext12months.Andformore

informationontravelingtoMalaysia,pleasevisitwww.tourism.gov.my.（北京朝阳二模C篇）Whatisthewriter’spurposeinthepassage?A

.ToencourageustovisitMalaysia.B.Toreportsomeinterestingfestivals.C.Tosharehisownexperience.D.Tointroduceaforeigncountry.参考答案：CDA北京中考阅读理解CD篇分类练习日常生

活类（北京中考C篇）AreYouRightHandedorLeftHanded?Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.The

yoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouareri

ghthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.语篇练习Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（

别扭的）.Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereeve

npunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudent

scanusetheirlefthandtowrite.Whatcausespeopletobelefthandedorrighthanded?Expertshavesearchedlongandhardonthis.They

conclude（得出结论）thatleft-handedpeoplearelefthandedforthesamereasonthatright-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisal

eft-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-hander.It’ssimplylikethecolorofoureyes

–somepeoplehavebrowneyes,whilesomeothershaveblackeyes.However,mayresearchersthinkthatleft-handersandrigh

t-handersaredifferentinsomeaspects.Right-handersaremoretalkativeandoutgoingthanleft-handers.Manyright-h

andedpeopleunderstandspokenwordsbetter.Forexample,aftertheylistentodirectionstoasupermarket,theycanfinditeasily.Right-handersaregoodatorgan

izingpeople,too.Theyarealsobetterbasketballguards.JustaskYaoMing.Researchshowsthatleft-handersarecre

ativeandartistic.Manyfamousperformers,likeJimCarreyandPaulMcCartney,arelefthanded.Manyleft-handerslearnbettervisually（在视觉方面）.Inart,bothLeonardod

aVinciandMichelangelowerelefthanded.Inmusic,LudwigvanBeethovenwaslefthanded.Inscience,youfindNewtonandEinstein.Thel

eft-handedpeoplearealsoreallygoodattennisandothersinglesports.Ifyoupreferonehand,butyouarestillgooda

twritingwiththeother,youaremixed.Researchshowsmixed-handerscanremembereverydaythingsbetterthanotherpeople.Whatdid

youeatforlunchtwoweeksago?Ifyou’remixedhanded,youcanprobablyremember.1.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill

.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeingleftha

nded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.3.Accordingtothepassage,right

-handers.A.learnbettervisuallyB.aregoodorganizersC.arebetteratsinglesportsD.givecleardirectionstoothers4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatl

eft-handers.A.maybemoretalkativeandoutgoingB.areordinarypeoplelikeright-handersC.mightremembereverydaythingsbetterD.nolongerneedtouserigh

t-handedtools北京中考D篇ShouldChildrenBeAllowedtoGetBored?Childrenneedtimetostandandstare.Theyshouldbeallowedtogetboredtothattheycandeveloptheirabilityto

becreative.Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whil

eboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherin

developinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelear

ningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemad

eup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadi

ngmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreet

imewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.Dr.Beltonisanexpertontheeffectsofemotionsonlearning

.“Boredomcouldbeanuncomfortablefeeling,”shesaid.“Butsomeyoungpeoplecannotdealwiththatboredomcreatively.Sosometimestheymaybreakaclassroomwi

ndow,ordriveacaroutforamadrace.”Usually,whenchildrenhavenothingtodo,theywouldturnontheTV,thecomputer,orthephone.T

heirtimeonthesethingshasincreased,yettheyneedtohavetimetothinkabouttheirexperiencesthroughplayorjustwatchingtheworldaround

them.Itisthiskindofthinkingthatcaninspiretheimagination.Ontheotherhand,theTVorphonemaycutshortthethinkingprocess.That

canbeharmfultothedevelopmentofcreativity.“Fordevelopingtheabilitytobecreative,”Dr.Beltonadvised,“perhapsweneedtostandandstare,ands

tayoff-linefromtimetotime.”1.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.

2.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.

suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.

Boredomprovideschildrenwithspacetothinkfreely.B.It’smuchbetterforchildrentobebusythanbebored.C.Boredomhelpschildrendealwithdifficul

tiesproperly.D.It’sboringforchildrentothinkabouttheirexperiences.北京东城一模C篇Wonderisabookaboutaten-year-oldboycalledAugust,orAuggie,whofeelsnormalbutl

ooksverydifferent.What’sWonderabout?AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisX

box.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"

MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.Auggiehasneverbee

ntoschoolbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinhospital.Hismotherteacheshimathome.Butnowhe’sten,shethinksheshouldgotoschool.Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twa

nttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.Butwhenhevisitsaschoolwithhismum,helikestheheadteacheranddecidestogo.Augg

ie’sfirstyearatschoolhasgoodtimesandbadtimes.Hemakessomegoodfriendsbutotherchildrenarerudetohim.Attheendoftheyear,Auggiegoesonaschooltripanda

frighteningeventtherechangesthingscompletely.Isitagoodbook?Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyo

ufeelmanydifferentemotions.ItiseasytolikeAuggie.Hehasagoodsenseofhumour,sothebookhasagoodmixoffunnyandsadmoments.Bu

tthebookisn’tjustaboutAuggie.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack.Wonderispopularwithpeo

pleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.AbestsellerWonderisRJPalacio’sfirstbook.Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheide

aforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsabou

tbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.Thebookisverypopularandhaswonprizes.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJ

Palaciowritesnext.1.HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial.B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedo

esn’tgotoschool.D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2.Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.

Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmayma

kefunofhim.3.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adu

ltslikethebookmorethanchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.北京西城一模C篇Askids,welearnhowtowrite,maybeplayamusicalinstrum

entanddraw.Sowhydon’twelearntocode(编码)computerprogramstoo?Whatcodinghasincommonwithwriting,playingmusicandcreatingartisthatitle

tsyoubringyourideastolife.Codingisallaboutcreativityandthat’swhyIloveit.CreatingwithcodeCoderDojohel

psyoungpeoplearoundtheworldtolearncomputerprogrammingforfree.WhenIwenttomyfirstCoderDojoclassinDublinCityUniversity

inIreland,atagenine,Ididn’tknowanythingaboutcodingorevenwhatitwas.ButIremembermakingmyveryfirstwebpagethatfirstday,andbeingsurpr

isedthatIcouldcreatesuchathing.ItwasagreatfeelingthatIthinkeveryyoungpersonshouldexperience!BygoingtoCoderDojoeveryweek,Ilea

rnedhowtomakewebsites,appsandgames.OneofmyappsiscalledAuto-Journalist.Itcanhelpjournalists(记者)andintervieweesdointerviewseveniftheyarebothreally

busyorliveindifferenttimezones.Itisstillindevelopment,andIhaveshoweditatalleventcalledCoolestProjectsAwards,whereyoungpeoplegettoshowthepublicwhat

theyhavecreatedwithcode.It’ssomuchfuntoshareone’screations,andtoseewhateveryoneelsehasmadetoo.LearningenvironmentForthepastthreeyea

rsIhavealsobeenhelpingtoteachotheryoungpeopleatCoderDojoDCU.InrecentyearsIhavealsonoticedmanymoregirlsattendingCoderDojoDCUtotry

outcoding.ThishasalottodowiththeCoderDojogirls’classes—girlsandyoungwomentakepartinitwiththeirfriends，anditdoesn’tfeellikecodin

gisa“boything”.Itisreallywonderfultoseethis,becauseweneedmoregirlsandwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMaths).It’sagoodwaytolearnmorea

bouttechnology.StartearlyOneofthemainthingsIhavelearnedinthelastfewyearsisthatcodingisnotonlyforadults

,codingisforyoungpeople,too.Andwhenyouareachilditisagreattimetostartcoding,becauseyourimaginationisthelimitforwhatyoucancrea

te!Wanttolearnmore?FindoutifthereisaCoderDojonearyouatwww.Coderdojo.comorsetoneupyourself!AlsocheckoutCode.orgwhichhaslotsoffundrag-and-dropcodingg

ames.1.Inthewriter’sfirstcodingclass,she_______.A.madeappsandgamesB.createdawebpageC.wrotefornewspapersD.didsomeinterviews2.Wh

ydomoregirlsbegintolearncoding?A.Therearecodingclassesforgirls.B.Girlswanttolearna“boything”.C.TherearemoregirlsinSTEM.D.Girlscanmeetcoolbo

ysthere.3.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofcoding?A.Itisbetterthanplayingmusic.B.Itlimitschildren’simagination.C.Itstopspeoplefromlearn

ingfast.D.Ithelpschildrenwiththeircreativity.4.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.StartCodingasEarlyasPossibleB.ComeforFuninCoderDojo

ClassC.KidsShouldHaveChancestoLearntoCodeD.STEMISCallingforMoreGirlsandWomen北京海淀一模D篇Livingnexttonextistheprinciple(原则)ofaneighbor.Goodneighbo

rlinessistheidealtobeaimedat.Asthesayinggoes,nomanisanisland;hehastolivewithhisneighbors.Tomakelifeeasyandpleasant,hemustcooperatewithhisneigh

bors.Whetheronelikesitornot,onecannotdowithoutneighbors.Normallyonemaythinkhecandowithoutneighborsbecausehecanmanageallcomfortsandservices,sotheser

vicesortheneedforafriendmaynothappen.However,thesympathy(同情),admirationandappreciationwhichaneighbormayofferwillhaveagreathumanizinginfluence.Tos

hareone’sviewandsometimesevensadness,oneneedssomeneighbors.Butallneighborsarenotalwayskeepingthefriendlyrelationship.Stress

esandtension(紧张)developbecauseofmisunderstanding.Veryoftenchildrenmaybethecausefortensefeelings.Theneighbor’ssonmaypickaflowerorafruitfromy

ourgardenandanargumentmayfollow.Againhemaythrowhisballatyourwindowbreakingit.Thesearecommoncasessofarastheyoungeroneisconcernedbutitisf

ortheelderstoviewthemwithcalmnessandmakeupforit.Thismayreadeasyonpaperbutnotsoinreallife.Butbeingbroadmind

ed,onemustbeabletotolerate(容忍).Anotherreasonfortensionmaybetheanimals.Yourneighbor’sdogmaybearealtroubleorhischickenswouldcomeintoyourgar

denandeatawayyourplants.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweentheneighbor

sisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve

.Carecanattimesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerf

ulword,anodorasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.Neighborlinessisnotonlyforpeoplebutitisalsolargelyimportantbetweenneighboring

countries.Historyhasgotalottoteachonthis.Unlesscountrieslearntoliveasgoodneighbors,therecannotbepeaceo

nearth.Sochildrenmustbetaughtathomeandintheschooltocooperatewiththeneighborsandbefriendlywiththem.Thebasicruleistogiveandtakeandtodevelopasensethatt

heothermanhasasmuchrightasyoudo,andsomedegreeoftoleranceisverynecessary.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagrap

h?A.Oneisoftenneededbyhisfamily.B.Noonelikestobealoneonanisland.C.Everyonehastolivewithhisneighbors.D.Everyonelivesaneasyandpleasantlife.2.W

hichofthefollowingmaycausemisunderstanding?A.Hobbiesandhabits.B.Childrenandpets.C.Sportsandgames.D.Likesanddislikes.3.Whatdoesthesen

tence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegood

neighbors.B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofsmallarguments.D.Nobodycanbe

perfectenoughtospeakillofothers.4.Inthepassage,thewritertriesto____.A.showtheimportantofgettingonwithnei

ghborsB.teachthebasicrulesofbehavingwellathomeC.explainthereasonsoflearningteamworkD.introducewaysofbeingabetterperson北

京朝阳一模D篇EatingTogetherAftermymotherpassedawayandmybrotherwenttostudyinNewZealand,thefirstthingthatreallyfeltdifferentwasthedinnertable.MyfatherandIbe

ganeatingseparately.Wewentouttodinnerswithourfriendsorjustatesandwichesinfrontofourcomputers.Then,afe

wweeksbeforeIwassettoleaveforuniversity,myfatherwalkeddownstairs.“Youknow,Ithinkweshouldstarteatingtogetherevenifit’sjustyouandme,”hesaid.“Yourmo

therwouldhavewantedthat.”Itwasn’tperfect—themealswemadeweren’tamazingandwemissedMomandmybrother.Buttherewassomethingsp

ecialaboutsettingasidetimetobewithmyfather.Itwasacomfortablemomenttogetawayfrombusydays：anexcusetotalk,tothinkabo

uttheday,andrecentevents.Eatingtogetherwasasmallact,anditneededverylittleofus—andyetitwassurelyoneofthehappiestpartsofmyday.Sadly,Americanshardlyea

ttogetheranymore.Infact,mostAmericanfamiliesreporteatingasinglemealtogetherlessthanfivedaysaweek.It’sapitythatsomanyAmericansaremissi

ngoutonthemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones,andit’sevenmorethanthat.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative(消极的）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically(

心理上地）.Childrenwhodonoteatdinnerwiththeirparentsatleasttwiceaweekwere40%morelikelytobeoverweightcomparedtothosewho

do.Andstudentswhodonoteatwiththeirparentsaremorelikelytobetruantatschool.Justtheopposite,childrenwhodoeatd

innerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.Theyalsoreportbeingcloserwiththeirpare

ntsthanchildrenwhoeatdinnerwiththeirparentslessoften,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheNationalCenteratColumbiaUniversity.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,n

otjustfromanutritionalperspective(营养角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?Perhapsseeingeatingtogetherasanopportunitytogetawaywithstress,achanc

etocatchupwiththosewhomwelovecouldhelpourchildrendobetterinschool,getinbettershape,andbelesslikelytohaveproblems.Eatingtogether

alsoleadschildrentoreportbetterrelationshipswiththeirparentsandsurelyrelationshipsbetweenadultscansimi

larlybenefit.Sotryeatingtogether,andyou’llfindit’stotallyworthit.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.MostA

mericanssharemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones.B.Thewriterlikesgoingouttoeatsandwicheswithfriendsandparents.C.Eatingtogetherwithparentsisabigeventa

ndneedslotsofpreparation.D.Childrenwhodon'teatdinnerwithparentsaremorelikelytobeoverweight.2.Theunderli

nedpart“betruantatschool”probablymeans“________”.A.beabsentfromschoolB.bepleasedatschoolC.bepresentatschoolD.bedisappointedin

school3.ThewriterprobablyagreesthatA.eatingtogetherdoesn’thavegoodeffectsonadultsB.it’simportantforthe

youngtoeattogetherwithparentsC.it’stotallyworthspendingmuchmoneyineatingtogetherD.peoplewhoeattogetheroftenarelikelytohaveproblems北

京东城二模C篇TelecommutingFormostpeople,ausualworkdaymeanswakingup,eatingbreakfast,drivingtotheoffice,workingforabout8hoursandthendr

ivingbackhome.Butnotallworkershavethisexperience.Manypeopleworkfromtheirhomes.Thiskindofworkiscalledtelecommutingortelework

.Apersonwhotelecommutesiscalledatelecommuter.Peoplehaveworkedintheirhomesforthousandsofyears.Butthemodernideaoftelecommutin

gstartedintheearly1970s.Improvementsintechnology,especiallynetworkingtechnology,helpedsupportthedevelopm

entoftelework.Ascommunicationtechnologybecamecheaperandmorepowerful,telecommutingbecamemoreofachoiceforworkers.Bothcompaniesandindiv

iduals（个人）canbenefitfromtelework.Onebenefitforcompaniesisthatitcansavemoney.Itcanalsohelpimprovemorale.Thisisbecauseworkerswhohavechoicesabouthowthe

yworkareoftenhappier.Ifworkersarehappier,theyarelikelytodobetterjobs.Thisisgoodforthecompany.Asforindividuals,theycansavemoneybycuttingdow

ntheirtransportationcosts.Theyalsosavetimebecausetheydonothavetogototheofficeeveryday.Dependingonhowoftentheyworkfromhome,telecommutersc

ansavebetween15and25workdayseveryyear.Eventhoughtherearemanybenefitstotelework,therearealsosomedisadvantages.Managersareworriedabout

losingcontroloftheworkers.Iftheworkerisnotintheoffice,managersdon'tknowwhattheyaredoing.Teleworkcanalsobebadforaperson'sworkinglife.Managers

aremorelikelytogiveapromotion（升职）toworkersthattheyseeeveryday,sotelecommutershavelesschanceofgettingpromotedthanregularworkers.Astelecommu

tersoftenworkalone,anotherbadeffectoftelecommutingisseparationfromotherpeople.Telecommutinghasaplaceinthesocietytoday.Helpedbymor

epowerfultechnologies,teleworkersofthefuturewillbeabletocommunicateinnewandimprovedways.Thiswillmaketeleworkbetter

andmakesurethatitwillhaveamoreimportantplaceinthefuture.1.Whatdoestelecommutingmean?A.Drivingtowork.B.W

orkingfromhome.C.Workinginanoffice.D.Workingfor8hoursaday.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“morale”probablymean?A.Health.B.Abilities.C.Spirits.D.Wealth.

3.What'soneofthedisadvantagesoftelecommuting?A.Itmakesaworkerunfitandupset.B.Itmakesaworkeruninterestedinhisjob.C

.Itmakesaworkerhavelesschanceofpromotion.D.Itmakesaworkerhaveworsecontrolofhistime.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Teleworkwillgetim

provedinthefuture.B.Teleworkhasahistoryofhundredsofyears.C.Teleworkersworkformoredayseveryyear.D.Teleworkersa

regoodatcommunicatingwithothers.北京西城二模C篇KidsSpeakUpInanonlinepoll(投票),TIMEFORKIDSandKidsHealth.orgaskedkidshowtheyaregettingalongwiththei

rparents.Here’swhattheytoldus.GettingAlongandHavingFunAbouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheygetalongverywellwiththeirparents.Abou

tfouroutoffivetoldustheyhavefunwiththeirparents.Butthatdoesn’tmeantheyneverdisagree.Infact,mostkidsreportedarguingwiththeirparentssometimes.“It’sco

mmontodisagreeandargue,”saysD’ArcyLyness,achildpsychologist(心理学家).“Butit’salsoimportanttolearnhowtodosorespectfully.”Abo

uthalfofthekidssaidtheyaredoingthat.Whentheydisagreewiththeirparents,theysaytheyhaveadiscussioncalmly.Buttwooutoffivekidssaida

rgumentsalwaysinvolveshoutingateachother.Lynesspointsoutthatshoutingneverhelps.“Speakup,andletyourparentsknowyourideas,”sheadvises

.“Butbepatient.Don’tusearaised,angryvoice.”Notsurprisingly,threeoutoffourkidsadmitted(承认)tolyingattimes.Manysaidtheylietoavoidgettingintro

ubleordisappointingtheirparents.AccordingtoLyness,lyingisn’tjustwrong.Itcanactuallygetbadresults.Tellingthetruthbuildstrust.“Whenparentscan

trustyou,theyaremorelikelytogiveyoumorefreedom.”shesays.AChangingRelationshipKidsages12to14notonlysaidtheyliemore,buttheyalsoreportedhavi

nglessfun,feelinglessclose,andnotgettingalongaswellwiththeirparents.AccordingtoLyness,thosefeelingsarenotu

ncommon.Askidsgrowup,theyhavemoredisagreementsorargumentswiththeirparents.Butitdoesn’thavetobethatway.

“Kidsandparentsgetalongdifferentlyatdifferenttimesofthejourneyoflife,”shesays.Askidsgrowandchange,itisimportantforev

erybodytoadapt(适应).“There’sadanceofwaysthatyouactwithothersandgetalong,”shepointsout.“Thenthere’sachange,andit’sadi

fferentdance.”Changeisnormal,shestresses.Sharethisstorywithyourfamily.Youmayfindthatyouhavealottotalkabout.1.Accordingtothepoll,howmanyk

idsgetalongverywellwiththeirparents?A.About4/5.B.About2/3.C.About1/2.D.About2/5.2.WhatdoesLynessadvisekidstodowhenarguments

happen?A.Listentotheirparentscalmly.B.Trytounderstandtheirparents.C.Voicetheiropinionswithpatience.D.Tellawhitelietoavoidproblems.3.AccordingtoLy

ness,whichisapossiblewayforkidstogetmorefreedom?A.Totellthetruth.B.Tocaremoreabouttheirparents.C.Tomakelesstrouble.D.Tohaveatalkwiththeirparents.4.Wh

atcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Disagreementsbetweenparentsandkidsareavoidable.B.Kidsages12to14liemorebecausetheyhavelessfun.C.Therelationsh

ipbetweenparentsandkidsstaysthesame.D.Bothparentsandkidsshouldmakechangestogetonwell.北京西城二模D篇Travellingwithyourbe

longsonyourback,orbackpackingisself-plannedbudget(预算)touringusinglow-costtransport,andoftengoingonfoot.Ba

ckpackersdon’tcarrysuitcasesorstayinpriceyhotels.Instead,theywalkaroundwithbackpacksfilledwitheverythingtheyneed,readytosleepunderthestar

sifnecessary.Withtheirlimitedbudget,theyneedtochooselodgings(住宿)andtransportbasedonanoldsaying—thelowertheprice,

thebetter.Thelure(吸引力)ofadventurehasmadebackpackingapopulartravelstyleamongyoungpeopleandstudentswhoareseldomownersoffatwallets.Theypreferexploring

aplacebythemselves,withonlyaprintedmap,orasmartphoneonhand.“Apackagetourmaysuitafamily’sneeds,butit’snotmycupoftea,”saysBettyLam,whowentbackpac

kinginNewZealandwiththreefriendslastsummer.“Iwanttoexploreaplaceaccordingtomychoice,mytimetableandmyself.”Werethereanyparticularlymemorablee

ventsonthetrip?“Once,thetraintoAucklandwasputoffandtwoofourgroupwerehungry,sotheylefttheirbackpackswithusandwenttoanearbyshoptobuysomething

toeat.IstillrememberthescenewithTammyandmerunningflatouttocatchthetrain,carryingfourhugebackpacks.Theothertwowereracingbehindusasthey’dpanickedw

hentheysawthetraingettingreadytopullawayfromthestation.IheldthetraindooropenwhileTammywasshouting.“Quick—jumpin!”Susiecameinhe

adfirstwithJunelandingonthetopofherlikeasackofpotatoes!Itwassofunny!”Sowasthetripworthalltheeffort?“Definitely.True,wehadafewquarrels(争吵);wehav

edifferentinterests,anditwasn’teasytopleaseeverybody.Butwemanagedtoreachacompromise(妥协)everytime.Travellingwithfriendshelp

syoulearnaboutgettingonwithpeopleandworkingtogether.Allofushadgainedalotbytheendoftheholiday—thefourofushadbecomereallygoodbuddies.”Whatshouldbackp

ackersalwayscarrywiththem?Bettylaughs—“nottoomuch!Comfortablewalkingshoesareimportant.Araincoatisnecessaryandbringsomep

racticalclothes.”So,isthateverythingtobearinmind?“Well,yesandno,becauseyoucan’tprepareenough.Youneedmuchinformationaboutwhere

you’regoingtostay,transport,food,etc.Mostimportantly,youmusthaveinsurance(保险)—justincaseyourmoney,passportorbackpackgetstolen,oryou

getsick.Taketimeplanningandyou’llhavefunsafely.”1.Whatdobackpackersusuallydo?A.Stayinpriceyhotels.B.Face

alotofdangers.C.Spendmuchmoney.D.Choosecheaptransport.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBettyistrue?A.B

ettypreferredtravellingwithherfamilyonholidays.B.Thefriendshipimprovedasaresultoftheiradventures.C.OnlyhalfofBetty’sgroupcaughtthetraint

oAuckland.D.BettytouredNewZealandwithbackpackersshemetthere.3.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tog

iveussomeadviceonbackpacking.B.TotellusaboutBetty’stravellingstory.C.Tointroduceahottravelstyle,backpacking.D.Toencourageustotravelwithlessmo

ney.北京海淀二模C篇Forthosewhohaven’theardofit,theApplewatchisthelatestinventionfromthecreatorsoftheiPhoneandAppleMac.Asthename

suggests,thiscreationisadevice（装置）designedtotellusthetime.ThisisApple,however,andanApplewatchisneverjustaw

atch.Notonlydoesitshowusthetime,butitalsoactsasafitnessmonitorandamessagingdevicethatcanbeconnectedwithaniPhone.Isthis

asmartinventionortechnologygonetoofar?WhiletheApplewatchisstylishinappearance,Ican’thelpbutquestioncertainaspects（方面）ofthenewdevice.Isi

tapositivethingtobeabletoreceivemessagesthroughawatch,oristhisanotherwayoflettingtechnologyupsetoursociallives?Thankstotheinventiono

fthesmartwatch,wewillnolongerhavetoreachforourphonestocheckourmessages.Imaginethepossibleresults.Agroupoffriendssittingatatableinarestau

rantwilloverlookeachotheraseveryonewillbetoobusywatchingtheirwristsinexpectationofanewmessage.Studentswillhave

awayofcheckingtheirinboxduringschool,despitethefactthatusingmobilephonesisnotallowedinclass.Thelistgoeson.Alt

houghsmartwatchesmaymakecommunicatingthroughtechnologyeasier,itseemsthatusingthemcouldactuallyhinderfacet

ofacecommunication.Muchlikeaphone,thewatchwouldalsoneedtobecharged（充电）everyday.Thisisyetanotheraspectofthedevicewhi

chsetsitapartfromany“normal”watch.If,likeme,youstrugglewhenrememberingtoputyourphoneoncharge,thisisnotnecess

arilyapositivething.Idohavetoagree,however,thewatchhassomeinterestingandpurposefulfunctions（功能）.Asafitnessmonitor,thedevicecanbeu

sedtocreateandrecordexerciseactivities.Thiscouldbeofparticularinteresttooutdoorfans.Whilethereareseveralexisti

ngAndroidAppsthatcanalreadydothis,IcanseethattheApplewatchwouldbeamoreconvenientwayofexercisingwithoutamobilephone.Thequestionremains,however,i

sthepriceworththebenefits?WhilethereareclearlybothadvantagesanddisadvantageswhenitcomestoApple’slatestinvention,Ipersonally

likemysingle-purposewatchthatsimplytellsmethetime!Whataboutyou?Wouldyoubeinterestedinhavingasmartwatch?

1.ThankstotheinventionoftheApplewatch,_____.A.studentsdon’tusecomputersinclassB.mobilephonesdon’tneedtobe

chargedC.messagescanbecheckedwithoutphonesD.outdooractivitieshavebecomemorepopular2.Theunderlinedword"hinder"inParagraph3probablymeans“_______”.A

.makeupB.holdbackC.dependonD.lookafter3.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatthewriter_______.A.worriesaboutthesafetyofthesmartwatc

hB.thinkshighlyoftheprogressoftechnologyC.introducesthenewestkindofsmartphonesD.preferssingle-purposewatchesthattellthetime4.Whatisprobablyth

ebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheAppleWatch：TheLatestInventionB.TheAppleWatch：SmartandFashionableC.TheAppleWatch：TechnologyGon

eTooFar?D.TheAppleWatch：AConvenientWaytoExercise?北京海淀二模D篇CircleofKnowledgeMoststudentstodaydependontherapidnessandconvenienceoftheInternettop

rovidethefactstheylookfor.Givenaresearchtask,manystudentsmakeuseofawebsiteknownasWikipedia,whichisavailable（可获得的）toallusersoftheInternet.However,befo

retheintroductionoftheInternet,studentsjourneyedtothelibrarytosearchforfacts,figuresandstoriesinahugecollectionofbooksknownasencyclopedi

as（百科全书）.Theword“encyclopedia”,meaning“wholecircleofknowledge”,comesfromtheancientGreeklanguage.Thefirstencyclopediaswereorganizedby

topic.Theseearlycollectionsweretheworksofasinglewriter.ThefirstbookofthiskindwaswrittenbyaRoman,PlinytheElder,nearly2,000yearsago.Pliny’scollectionr

emainedpopularforalmost1,500years.Producingsuchhugeworkswasadifficulttask.Soexpertsbegantoworktogethe

r,sharingresponsibilityforwritingaboutdifferenttopics.ThefirstsetofbookstousemanyauthorswasAnUniversalDictionaryo

fArtsandSciencespublishedin1728.Themultiple-authormodelbecamethemostwidelyusedformat.Todaytherearemanyencyclopediasindiffere

ntmedia.TheonlineencyclopediaWikipediawasstartedin2001.UserscanvisitthefreewebsiteontheInternet.Buttheonlineinformationhasmistakes.Usersare

warnedthatnewerarticlesmayhavelargemistakes.Printedencyclopediasaremoreorlessfreeofmistakes.However,itisexpensivetom

akesureofthecorrectness.Wikipediaistryingtoimproveitscorrectness.Theyemploy（雇用）1,000“factcheckers”tolookth

roughthewebsiteandcorrectmistakes.Thewebsitemanagersalsostatethatolderarticlesaremorecompleteandbalanced.EncyclopediaBritannicahasevenmad

emovesawayfrombeingasingle-formatbooktoo.Thecompanystartedafreeonlineversion.Thefreearticlesareshort;however,longerarticlesareavailableaft

eruserspayforthem.Bothonlineandprinteditions（版本）havedisadvantages.Themistakescanbecorrected,buttheprocesstakestime.Printeditionsareresistant

（顽固的）tosuchmistakes.Theyarealsoresistanttosomethingelse:change.Sometimesnewinformationbecomesavailableaf

teranencyclopediaisprinted.Publisherscanwaittoincludethenewinformationinthenextedition,butthatmightbeayearormoreaway.Morechangesarelikelyfor

encyclopedias,whetherinprintoronline.Astimegoesby,theknowledgeofhumankindwillstillneedtoberecorded,sorted,andst

ored.Thestoryofhowthatinformationwilllookin20,50oreven100yearsisstillunwritten.1.Whatisthesecondparagraphm

ainlyabout?A.Thereadersofencyclopedias.B.Thejourneytothelibrary.C.Thehistoryofencyclopedias.D.Thechangetothelibrary.2.Theproblemofonlineency

clopediaWikipediamightbethat_______.A.theservicescosttoomuchB.newarticlescannotbefoundC.userscannotvisit

thewebsiteD.theinformationhasmistakes3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.thefuturelookofinformationisunknowntotheworldB.old

erarticlesonthewebsiteareusuallyeasyandshortC.thefirstencyclopediasweretheworksofmanywritersD.printeditionsofencyclopediaschangeinformationfast4

.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tosuggestreadingprintedencyclopedias.B.Toadvisepeopletouseonlineencyclopedias.C.T

osellsomeeditionsofencyclopediasonline.D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofencyclopedias.北京朝阳二模C篇Therearebasicallytwoways

ofdrivingintheworld：ifthedriver'sseatisontheleftandcarstravelontherightsideoftheroad,itiscalled“left-handdriving”,asi

tisinChina;Instead,itiscalled“right-handdriving”,asitisinBritain.Nowadays,around65%oftheworld'spopulationdrivesontherightof

theroad,whiletherestisusedtodrivingontheleft.Thoughnooneknowstheexactreasons,itseemslikelythatpeopleinancienttimestrave

lledontheleft.Romancoinsshowpicturesofhorsemenpassingoneachother'sright.Andright-handedpeoplegenerallygotonahorsefrom

theanimal'sleft.Obviously,it'ssafertodothisattheleftsideoftheroad,soitmakessenseforthehorsetoberiddenon

theleft.Achangehappenedinthelate1700s.WhenNapoleonconquered（攻占）nations,heforcedthemtotravelontherightsideoftheroad,whi

chspreadleft-handdrivingthroughoutEurope.However,Britainstillstuckwiththeright-handdrivingroleandcountriesw

hichwerepartoftheBritishEmpireweremadetofollow.ThisiswhyIndia,AustraliaandtheformerBritishcolonies（前英国殖民地）inAfricaconti

nuetodriveontheleft.OneexceptionisEgypt,asthatcountrywasdefeated(打败）byNapoleonbeforebecomingpartoftheBritishEmpire.Somecountriesc

hangedsides'untilmoderntimes.Swedenonlymovedtodrivingontherightin1967andIcelandchangedthefollowingyear.Ghana

changedsides'in1974.OnSeptember7,2009,Samoabecamethethirdcountryevertochangefromleft-toright-handdri

vingforthereasonthatitmadeiteasiertoimport(进口）cheapcarsfromright-handdrivingJapan,AustraliaandNewZealand.Soifyouwanttotraveltomoth

ercountryorgoonbusiness,makesureyouknowwhetheritisleft-orright-handdrivingtoavoidunnecessarytroubles.1.Nowadays,______oftheworld'sp

opulationdrivesontherightoftheroad.A.around74%B.around65%C.around19%D.around17%2.OnRomancoinswecanseepicture

sofhorsemen______.A.travellingthroughoutEuropeB.passingoneachother'srightC.practicingridinginthecount

ryD.gettingonthehorsesfromtheright3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Swedenchangedtodriveontherightin1974.B.Peop

ledriveontheleftsideoftheroadinEgypt.C.Napoleonhelpedwiththespreadofleft-handdriving.D.Peoplehaveknowntheexact

reasonsfordrivingontheleft.4.Whatisthewriter'spurposeforwritingthispassage?A.Toexplaintheadvantagesofthetwowaysofdriving.B.Tocomparethediffere

ncesofthetwowaysofdriving.C.Tointroducethedevelopmentofthetwowaysofdriving.D.Tocomplainaboutthechangeofthetwowaysofdriving.北京

朝阳二模D篇DoWeSayWhatWeThink?“It'srainingcatsanddogs!”AlthoughthissentenceisnotverycommoninEnglandanymore,itclearlyshowshow

wedon'talwayssaywhatwemean.Onethingthatoftengivestroubletolanguagelearnersisthattheyunderstandeveryword

inasentencebutthemeaningremainsunclear-likethissentencethatactuallymeans“It'srainingveryheavily!”.However,it'snotjustidioms（惯用语）thatcausedifficu

ltiesforpeoplelearningEnglish.TheBritishareoftenconsideredtobepoliteandkeeptheirfeelingstothemselves,butthiscanbeveryconf

usingfornon-nativespeakers.Weoftendon'tsaywhatwearethinking--infactweoftensaytheopposite!Here'sanexamplethatwillhopefullyexplainwhatImea

n,“Youshouldcomeroundfortea!”Isthisarealinvitationoristhepersonjustbeingpolite?Generally,Britishpeoplearelessopenthanpeoplefromothercultures,sowe

aren'tquicktoinvitepeopleintoourhomes.Thisphraseisoneofthosethatwesaybutoftendon'treallymean,sowhennofurtherdetails（细节）aregiven,youcan

probablythinkitwasmadeinthenameofpoliteness!Buthowdoesthiscomparetoothercountries?WhenIlivedinIndia,lotsofpeoplewouldinvite

meintotheirhomesbutIalwaysassumedthattheywerejustbeingpolite.Ofcourse,Iwaswrong.Theinvitationswerealw

aysfromthebottomofhearts,andtheydidexpectmetovisitthem.Iwasalwayssurprisedbyhowwelcomingpeoplewere.I

nfact,IthinkIspentmoretimeatotherpeople'shousesthanmyown!Thissummer,whileworkinginAustria,oneofmyfriendsmademethinkaboutinvitation

sagain.Sheinvitedmetojoinherandherboyfriendforamealout.Althoughtouchedbytheinvitation,Iimmediatelyhadthethoughtthatshewasjustbeingpolite,soIto

ldherthatIdidn'twanttointerruptthem.Sherepliedwith,“”Thisremindedmeagainthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe'rein.InEngland,weoftenthinkit'spolitet

oofferorsuggestsomethingevenifwedon'tactuallywanttodoit,butinotherculturespeoplearemoredirect.PerhapsifEnglishpeoplejustsaywhattheywereth

inking,thingswouldbealoteasier-especiallyforpeoplefromothercountries!1.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat______.A.it'simp

olitetoinvitefriendstocomeroundforteainIndiaB.theBritishpolitenesscanmakenon-nativespeakersconfusedC.it'sonlyidiomsthatcausedifficultiesforp

eoplelearningEnglishD.theBritishareveryopenandlikeinvitingpeopleintotheirhomes2.Theunderlinedword“assumed”inparagraph3probablymeans“______”.

A.imaginedB.provedC.regrettedD.explained3.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A.peoplelearningEnglishshouldbedirecttosaywhatth

eythinkB.differentculturesleadtothedifferentrealizationonpolitenessC.itsverynecessarytolearnaboutEnglishidi

omstobepoliteD.livinginBritainismoredifficultthanitinothercountries社会现象类北京东城一模D篇Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnected

tofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFrance,thiscanbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfrien

dsbackinEnglandforachat.However,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.Eventhemo

stout-goingpeopleneedsome“downtime”tocalmdownontheirownandgetrelaxed.ThisissomethingthatIconsidernecessaryandhealthy.Afteral

l,youhavetolivewithyourselffortherestofyourlife,soyou’dbetterknowhowtoenjoyyourowncompany.Itcanbeagoodthingtohavetimetoyourselftocollectyourtho

ughtsandfreeyourfeelings.TodayIwentforawalkbymyselfaroundthelakeandjustday-dreamed.Itwassorelaxingandenjoyablea

ndhelpedmeletgoofmybademotions.However,somehowitseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosayto

people“I'mgoingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘alone’,weareactuallyconnectedwithapieceofele

ctricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滚屏)throughFacebooknosingintootherpeople’slivesorseei

ngwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomparedtous.Thisisanagewhenw

ecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包裹）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwayst

hinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(认可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsthesedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasu

reofspendingtimejustforus.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingtoomuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.I

supposeitisimportanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourselfandwithotherpeople.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“int

rusive”probablymean?A.InterruptiveB.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory.D.Important.2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofbeingalo

neproperly?A.It’stheonlywaytogetrelaxed.B.Itmakesotherpeoplefeelupset.C.It’snecessaryandhealthyforpeople.D.Itmake

sout-goingpeoplefeellonely.3.Thewriteragrees_________.A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselve

swithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly4.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Istech

nologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?科普环保类北京海淀一模C篇H

ealthofficialsinCanadaareverybusythesedays.Theyareplacingchickensatfixedpointsallalongtheir2,500kmborder(边境)withtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.It’s

notajoke,norhavetheCanadiansgonemad.TheyareusingthesechickenstoseeiftheWestNilevirus(病毒)isstillaround.Thevirusinfect

sbirds,sothechickenshaveachanceofcatchingthevirusandfallill.TheWestNilevirusisspreadamonghumans.ItkilledsevenpeopleinNewYorklastyear.Countries

aroundtheworldarerealizingthatitmayjustbepossibletostopcertainkindsofpeoplefromenteringtheirland.How

ever,itisverydifficulttostopvirusestravelingfromoneendoftheearthtoanother.Whentheytraveltonewplaces,theygetusedtotheenvironmentveryeasilyands

ometimesstartdestroyingthelocalplantandanimallife.Thesebiologicalpollutersarecalledsmartpolluters.Thesesmartpolluterscanbecarried

acrossbordersofcountriesunknowingly.Justaswehumansaretravellingacrosstheworldmoreoftenthanearlier,thesebiologica

lpollutershavealsostartedjourneymuchmore.Theyslideintoairplanesthroughtheirwheels.Theydigintoobjectsthattravelersmaybecarryingfromonecountrytoanot

her.Therearesomegoodexamplesofhowthesepolluterswork.Thewaterhyacinth(水葫芦)ofSouthAmericaisblockinglakes

inChinaandAfrica.TreesnakesfromPapuaNewGuineaarebusyeatingupsomebirdsinthecountryofGuam,whichbreaksi

tsnaturalbalance.That’swhythecustoms(海关)officialsinmanyforeigncountriespreventpeoplefrombringinginasmallplant,oranobjectmadeofwood

thatisinitsnaturalform.Thecustomsofficialshavetheserulesbecausethesevarieties(多样性)ofplantsarespecialtocertainplaces.Theplantshavethepowertospr

eadnewillnessesamongnativeplantsandanimals.Biologicalpollutersalwayscreateproblemsinplaceswheretheydonotbelong.The

ycouldbespecialvarietiesofplants,bugsorevenanimals.1.WhyareCanadianofficialsplacingchickensalongtheborder?A.Tohelpc

leanuptheborder.B.Toseeifthevirusisstillaround.C.Toprotectthechickensfromfallingill.D.Tomakesurethatthebirdscanfindfood.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A

.Peoplefinditdifficulttotravelfromoneplacetoanother.B.Plantsalwayscreateproblemsinplaceswheretheybelong.C.Biologica

lpollutersmaydestroythelocalplantandanimallife.D.Virusesspendalongtimegettingusedtothelocalenvironment.3.Cust

omsofficialsinmanycountriespreventpeoplefrombringingin____.A.chocolatesB.shoesC.picturesD.plants4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.LandPollutionB

.TheWestNileVirusC.SmartPollutersD.TheWaterHyacinth北京朝阳一模C篇FewofushaveheardofNilsBohlin,butwheneverwetakeacarjourneyhisinventionma

kesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesourchancesofdeathorinjury(伤害）byatleast50%.Whilefee

lingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.Havingworkedasaplanedesignerbefore,Nils

knewclearlythatthepilotswerewillingtoputonanythingtokeepthemsafeinanaccident,buttohissurprise,mostpeopleinthecarsjustdidn’t

wanttobeuncomfortableforevenaminute.Toimprovethesafetyforpeopleinthecars,hedecidedtofindaperfectsystemwhichshouldbesimple,effectiveandconv

enient.Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.Seatbeltspreventpeopleinthecarsf

romseriousinjuryinfiveways.Keeppeopleinside.Peoplewhoarethrownoutfromacararefourtimesmorelikelytobekilledt

hanthosewhostayinside.Protectthestrongestpartsofthebody.Seatbeltsaredesignedtofixyourbodyatitsstrongestparts.Foranolderchildan

dadult,thesepartsarethehips(臀部)andshoulders.Spreadouttheforceinanaccident.Seatbeltsspreadtheforceoftheaccidentoverawideareaof

thebody.Byputtinglessstressononearea,theycanhelpyouavoidseriousinjury.Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyoustopsu

ddenlyorarehitbyanothercar.Helpthebodytoslowdown,Aquickspeedcausesinjury.Withthehelpoftheseatbelts,yourbodycanhavemoretimetoslowdown

inanaccident.Protectyourbrainandspinalcord(脊柱).Seatbeltsaredesignedtoprotectthesetwokeyareasofthehumanbody.Headand

spinalcordinjuriesmaybehardtoseeimmediately,buttheycancausedeath.Therefore,it’sofgreatimportancetoprotecttheseparts.Ittakeso

nlyafewsecondstobuckleup(系好安全带）onceyougetinthecar,butthissimpleactioncouldsaveyourlife.Whywouldn’tyou?1.Three

-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%2.NilsBohlininvent

edthethree-pointseatbeltinorderto_________.A.takeacarjourneyquicklyB.showthankstotheengineerC.keepthepilotssafeinanaccident

D.improvethesafetyforpeopleinthecars3.Fromthepassagewecanlearn_________.A.hipsandshouldersaren’ttheolder

childrenandadults’strongestpartsB.seatbeltscankeepyourkneesandfeetawayfromthehardpartsofthecarC.thebodyhasmoretimetoslo

wdowninanaccidentwiththehelpofseatbeltsD.headandspinalcordinjuriesmightbeeasytoseeimmediatelyandcausedeath4.Thispassageismainlya

bout_________.A.howseatbeltsaremadeB.howseatbeltsareusedC.howseatbeltssavelivesD.howseatbeltsdevelopbetter人生百味类北京西城一模D篇Su

ccessbyfailureIhadfailedagain.Itwasthedayofthebigmarathon.Ihaddecidedthreeyearsagototrainforthehalf-marathoneventan

dtakehomeamedal.ThereIsat,infrontofmyTV,whileIwatchedotherscrossthefinishline.Itwasjustanotherinalongstring(串)offa

ilures.IhadnevermetasingleweightlossorfitnessgoalandIwasmajoringintheartoffailing.Weareafamilyofexplorationandoftenplanac

tivevacations.ItseemedthatoneveryvacationIwastheonewhocouldn’tgothedistance.EachtimeIurged(催促)myfamily,“Goonwithoutme.Bringmelotsofpicturesandvideos

.I’llbefinejustsittingheretakingintheview.”Ilied.Sickofbeingleftbehind,Idecidedthatitwouldneverhappenagain.SureIwasinmy50s,bu

tsurelytherewasstillhopeforme.Ialwaysspentweekswalkingtoprepareforouractivevacations.Ihadlostweightmanytimes.Ijustalwaysseemedtofailtogetwh

ereIneededtobe.ButthistimeIwoulddosomethingdifferent.Iwasgoingtowalkahalfmarathon.SurelyIwouldlosewe

ightandgetinshapeifIcouldcompleteover12milesinfourhours.Besides,thiswouldbetraining.Trainingsoundedcoolerthandietandexercise.Iwasrevvedupandreadyto

go.Iboughtthepropergear(装备),checkedoutwhattypeofdrinkswouldbehandedoutatthemarathonandpreparedalot.Ihadaplan!Nowtwoyearslater,

thereIsat,watchingthousandsofpeopleofallagessucceedwhereIhadfailed.Iwalkedout,angrywithmyself,satdownandhadmyselfapityparty.Iwasam

asterattheartofpityparties,havingagreatdealofexperienceinholdingthem.Whatwasmyproblem?WherewasIgoingwrong?

Istoppedandconsideredeachfailure,onebyone.Imadesomeveryinterestingdiscoveries.Ihadfailedtoclimbtothetopofth

atMayanpyramid,butIdidclimbitandstoodontheseancientstones.IhadfailedtomeetasingleweightlossgoalandyetIhadlost43pounds.Icouldn’twalk12milesinfourh

ours,butIcouldwalk12miles.Allmyfailuresweresoundinglikeasuccessstory.ThistimeIwasgivingthanks.IwasthankfulthatIhadbee

ngiventhespiritoffailurebecausefailuremeantthatIwastrying,thatIdidn’tgiveup.IdecidedthatIwouldbecrossing

thefinishlinenextyear.1.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Thewriterdidn’tloseanyweightintheend.B.Thewriterdidn’tclimbtheMayanpyramid.C.Thewriterdidn’

ttakepartinthebigmarathon。D.Thewriterdidn’thaveholidayswithhisfamily.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Iwasrevved

up.”probablymean?A.Igotexcited.B.Ifeltmoved.C.Iwaspushed.D.Iwaschosen.3.Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriterinthepa

ssage?A.Cleverandfriendly.B.Interestingandproud.C.Humorousandhopeful.D.Kindandstrong-willed.4.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A.oneshouldne

vergiveuphalfwayB.settingagoatisthekeytosuccessC.onecanlearnbymakingandcorrectingmistakesD.tryingbutfailingtoreachthegoa

lisstillmeaningful教育类北京东城二模D篇ManagingStressManyofusexperiencestressinlife,sodothekids.“It'sthehardesttimeoflife,”saysKim“Tip”Fr

ank,writerofBattlingtheBlues,Grades3-8:TheHandbookforHelpingChildrenandTeensWithDepression.“Kidsneeddirec

tionandconfidence.”Herearesomecommoncomplaintsofoverstressedmiddleschoolersandwhatparentscandotohelp.“Idon'thaveanyfriends.”First,te

llyourchildthatshe'llgetthroughthisdifficultperiod.“Therewillbetimeswhenyouarealone,”Franksays.“Beingaloneisbetterthanchangingw

hoyouaretofitinwiththepopularcrowd.”Somekidsneedmoreclearinstructiononhowtomakefriends.Parentscanhelpbyhavingadiscussionwiththeirchildaboutwhatarea

lfriendis.Askyourchildwhatqualities（品质）hewantsinafriend.Thenyouhelphimfindsomepossiblefriends.Remindyourchildthatn

otallfriendshipsworkoutandtalktohimabouthowtobeagoodfriend.“Mybestfrienddoesn'tlikemeanymore.”It'scom

monforbestfriendstoseparateduringmiddleschool.Whenithappens,it'spainfulandmakesyourchildfeelleftbehind.“Tohelpyourchilddeal

withthisproblem,firstencouragehertomakeitcleartoherfriendthatshewantstokeepthefriendshipgoing,”Franksays.Then,remindherthatifherfriendchoose

stoendthefriendship,it'soutofhercontrol.“Youcanonlycontrolonesideoftherelationship,”hesays.Talktoyourchildaboutwhyfriendsmoveonorpullaway.Tel

lyourchildshewillmakenewfriends.Ithurts,butitoftenendsupworkingoutforthebestforbothchildren.“Imadeamistake!I

'mafailure!”Teachersseealotofperfectionismintoday'skids.ThesekidsgetupsetiftheygetaBonapaper.Theyareoft

enoverstressed.“Perfectionistkidsareoftendrivenbyparents.”Asaparent,seewhetheryouarepushingyourchildtofeellikeshecan'tmak

easinglemistake.Doyoutalkabouttopschoolseveryday?Doyoumakeahugedealoutofagradethatisn'tanA?“Youcanaskyourchild,‘Whydoyouthinkyouha

vetogetstraightA's?”,Franksays.There'smoretolife.Parentscanoffertheirchildrenopportunitiestohavefun.“Modelh

ardwork,relaxation,laughter,andjoy,”hesays.“It'snotwhatyousaytokids,it'showyoulive.”1.Whenaboydoesn'thaveanyfriends,whatshoul

dhisparentsdo?A.Findapopularcrowdforhim.B.Directhimtomakesomefriends..C.Encouragehimtochangehimself.D.Te

llhimtheimportanceofbeingalone.2.WhatdoesFrankthinkofseparationbetweenfriendsinmiddleschool?A.It'snormalandunavoidableB.It

'spainfulandreallybadforchildren.C.Itmeanstheydon'tvaluetheirfriendship.D.Itmeanstheirfriendshipisn'tdeepenough.3.Whatsuggestion

doesthewritergivetotheparentsofperfectionistchildren?A.Choosingtopschoolsfortheirchildren.B.Doingsomethingenjoyablewiththeirchildren.C.Preventingthei

rchildrenfrommakingmistakes.D.Offeringalotofhelpwiththeirchildren'sstudy.参考答案日常生活类北京中考C篇：CDBB北京中考D篇：ADA北京东城一模C篇：BDB北京西城一模C篇：BADC

北京海淀一模D篇：CBBA北京朝阳一模D篇：DAB北京东城二模C篇：BCCA北京西城二模C篇：BCAD北京西城二模D篇：DBC北京海淀二模C篇：CBDC北京海淀二模D篇：CDAD北京朝阳二模C篇：BBCC北京朝阳二模D篇：BAB社会现象类

北京东城一模D篇：ACBD科普环保类北京海淀一模C篇：BCDC北京朝阳一模C篇：DDCC人生感悟类：北京西城一模D篇：CACD教育类北京东城二模D篇：BAB北京初三期末阅读理解CD篇综合练习基础篇北京东城期末测试C篇话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级

社会现象类说明文3457分钟__/4★★★FOMOEverybodyknowshowimportantitisforstudentstogetagoodnight’ssleepeverynight.Youaren’tabletodoyourbestunlessyous

leepwell.I’msureyou’vealreadyknownthatyoushouldgotobedatareasonabletime.Mostexpertsagreethatthepropernumberofhoursiseight,andthisisacceptedascommo

nsense.However,Iknowthatmostofyougetmuchlesssleepthanthat–andsometimesitwillhavebadeffectonyourschoolwork.Ireadaninterestingarticleinateachers’

magazinerecently.Theydidastudyof848studentsinWales.Worryingly,theresultsshowedthatteenagersarefacinganewproblem.Theym

aygotobedandgetupatcertaintimesbutagrowingnumberarewakingupinthemiddleofthenight,nottousethebathroomorhaveasnackbutbecauseofanew

phenomenon(现象):FOMO–fearofmissingout!Accordingtothearticle,agrowingnumberofschoolchildrenwakeupduringthenighttochecksocialmedia(媒体)

.Afraidofmissingacomment(评论)oropportunitytotakepartinachat,theyarewakingatalltimesofthenight,goingonlineandgettinginvolved.Allthi

shappenswhentheyshouldbesoundasleep.Expertsareworriedaboutthisandthereportshowssomeworryingfacts:●23%of12to1

5-year-oldswakeupnearlyeverynighttousesocialmedia.Another15%wakeupatnightonceaweekforthesamereason.●Oneinthreestudentsoftenfeeltiredandunabletow

orknormally.●Studentswhousesocialmediaduringthenightaremorelikelytofeelunhappyandstressed.So,I’dliketoaskyout

oberesponsiblewhenitcomestosocialmedia.Bebrave!Turnoffyourmachinesatnight.Theworldwon’tendandyoursocialmediawillbewaiti

ngtogreetyouinthemorning!Igiveyoumywordthatyouwon’thavemissedanythingimportant.1.Howlongdoesateenager

needtosleepatnightaccordingtomostexperts?A.Forsixhours.B.Forsevenhours.C.Foreighthours.D.Forninehours.2.ThestudyinWalesshowsthatmorean

dmoreteenagers.A.gotobedlateB.failtofacetheirproblemsC.havesoundsleepD.checksocialmediaatnight3.TeenagerswithFOMOmay

worryabout.A.beingleftbehindbyothersB.missingtheirschoollessonsC.wakingupsuddenlyatnightD.beingunabletoworknormally4.T

hepassageiswrittento.A.stresstheimportanceofenoughsleepB.describeanewphenomenonamongteenagersC.advisestudentst

ostopusingsocialmediaatnightD.explainhowpopularsocialmediaisamongteenagers北京西城期末测试C篇话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文3647分钟__/3★★

★Doyouconsiderfailureasanending?Doyouoftenfeelafterafailurethatyouaregoodfornothing?Thenbecareful,youareo

neofthemwhohavebadrelationshipwithfailure.Andthisistheonlyreasonwhypeopleoftenkeepthemselvesawayfromtheirsuccess.

Thepoweroffailureisthatithelpsustolearnfromourmistakesandmisstepsandwemustconsiderafailureasanopportunitytogrowratherthangivingup.Let'sdiscoverther

easonswhysuccessfulpeoplebelievethatopportunityliesineveryfailure.DisappointmentorfailureshowsthatyouaretryingThebestwaytogau

ge（衡量）yourprogressatsomethingistoseehowmanytimesyoufailed.Incaseyouhaven'tfailedyet,chancesarethatyouhaven'ttriedhardyet.Lookatallsuccessfu

lmenandwomenthroughoutourhistory,theyallhadonethingincommon.That'stosaytheyfailednotoncebutseveraltimesbeforetheyachievedsuccess.L

et'stakeanexampleofThomasEdison:hefailedalotoftimestofindrightfilament（灯丝）forhislightbulb.HenryFordhadastrongerrel

ationshipwithfailure,whichinspiredhimtoquotethisunforgettablesaying“failureistheopportunitytobeginagain,moreintell

igently.”AchievementliesinlookingatfailureasanopportunityJustlikeeverysuccessfulpersonhadonethingincommon,similarlyallunsuccessfulper

sonsthroughoutourhistoryhadonethingincommon---theirinabilitytousefailureasanopportunityandatool.Ifyoufee

lyouronefailureisyourultimate（终极的）failure,andthatfeelingofsinkingdownisknownasanultimatefailure,youarepushingyo

urselfawayfromyourexpectedsuccess.Achievementisallaboutfindingoutwhatmistakesyoumade,whatisthemaincauseofthatfailure,andhowyouaregoin

gtomakeupforit.Successrequireswillpower,passion,hardwork,intelligence,determination,butalloftheabove,successrequiresfailure.Useyourfailur

easanopportunitytolearn,tobecomewiserandtoreconsideryourrelationshipwithfailure,thetruekeytosuccess.1.Accordingtothewr

iter,whydopeoplekeepthemselvesawayfromtheirsuccess?A.Becausetheydon'tsetlong-termgoals.B.Becausetheyhaven'tgotenoughtime.C.

Becausetheycan'tdealwithfailureproperly.D.Becausetheyaredisappointedinthemselves.2.Whydoesthewritertak

etheexampleofThomasEdison?A.Toexplainthereasonsforfailure.B.Toprovetheimportanceoffailure.C.TotakeprideinThomasEdison.D.Tointro

ducetheprocessofmakingalightbulb.3.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Failurecanbuildupyourconfidence.B.Successfulpeopleseldomfailed.C.Failureismoreim

portantthansuccess.D.Successfulpeopleusefailureasatool.北京海淀期末测试C篇话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3527分钟__/3

★★★Colorisanactivitythatchildrenworldwidehavelongenjoyed.Withapicturealreadymadeforthem.Kidssimplychooseacrayon.Pencilormarkeroftheir

favoritecolorandfillitin.Today,italsobecomesmoreandmorepopularamongteenagersandevenadults,whoareenjoyingrelaxinghour

sofcoloring.InDecember,fiveofthetoptenbest-sellingbooksintheUnitedStateswerecoloringbooks.They’refunbutarecoloringboo

ksgoodforyou?Thepositivefeedbackfromcustomersisencouraging.TrinaLucido,apopularartistcreatingcolorin

gbooks,saysthatmanyofhercustomersarebuyingthecoloringbooksforotherswhoaresickorgoingthrougharoughtime.Shead

dsthatthe“bigidea”behindherlatestbookistoencouragepeopletodosomethingcreative.Lucidoisright,accordingtoAllanRohan,apsychologyprofessor.“M

anycustomersappreciatecoloringbooksasanewcreativestage,”hesaidinaninterview,“butwhat’smoreimportantisthatpeoplespendtimecoloringinorde

rtoreduce(减少)stressafteralongday.”Researchshowsthatcoloringcanreducestressbyguidingpeopletofocusononesimpletask.Whenapersonisfillingi

naflowerwithalightpurplecolor,hefocusesontheflowerandforgetsaboutallhistroublesinlife.Expertsaddthatcoloringmayrelievepeoplefromacert

ainkingofpain.Doingthecoloringhelpspeopleeasetheirmindandcalmdown.Also,coloringinfluencespeople’sbraininahealthyway.Theshapeofthedrawin

gmakesonesideofthebrainactive,whilethecolorofthedrawingimprovestheother,Coloringcanbringoutyourimaginationand

cantakeyoubacktoyourchildhood.Interesting,isn’tit?“Itisveryrelaxing,”saidSusanJackson,abigfanofLucido’scolo

ringbooks.“Anystreetjustsortoffallsaway,Coloringfreesmymind.Andit’snotjusttrytofillblankpages.Thepicturesmakemefeelhappy„andthereisjustsome

thingaboutthem.SoI’msavingthepicturesIlikebesttotheveryend.”1.TrinaLucidowantshercoloringbooksto______.A.encouragep

eopletobecreativeB.beoneofthebest-sellersC.letpeopleenjoyrelaxinghoursD.helpdevelopfriendship.2.Whycancoloringreducestress?A.Becau

seitbringsoutimagination.B.Becauseitshowsthebeautyofnature.C.Becauseithelpspeopletobemorefocused.D.Be

causeitcantakepeoplebacktochildhood.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Lucido’scoloringbooksaremuch-loved.B.Coloringisaneffectivewa

ytocurediseases.C.SusanJacksontriestosavehercoloredpictures.D.Theshapeandcolorofdrawingdoharmtoourbrain.北

京朝阳期末测试C篇话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3807分钟__/4★★★MyJobChoiceMakingagoodjobchoiceisalmostasgoodasachoosingagoodlife.So,choosin

gajobisoneofthemostimportantdecisionstomakeinlife.Formyjob,therearethreeimportantthingsthatIwillconsider:ThefirstoneisthatImustworkinanareaIlike.

AndIthinkitismostimportanttome.Someoneoncesaid,“Ifyoufindajobthatyouenjoy,thenyouwon’thavetoworkanotherday.”Iwouldliketobe

comemorecreativethroughmywork.Iwouldalsoliketobethemostvaluablememberthere.AllthisispossibleonlyifIlikewh

atIdo.Thesecondoneisthattheareaofmyworkmustleadmetosolvesomenewandhardproblems.Iwouldliketostayinthesameareaforalongtime.

Inorderforthistohappen,theworkmustprovideenoughproblems.Morethanjustworkingtolive,Ienjoymakingadifferenceandtryingmybe

sttomakeprogress.Iwouldalsoliketobewellremuneratedformyhardwork,soIcanleadacomfortablelifewiththishard

-wonmoney.ThenIcanprovidethebestformyfamilyThethirdimportantthingisthatIwouldliketoworkinanareathatwouldhelpotherpeop

le.Theworkinmymindisinfieldssuchasthearmy(军队),trainingormanagement.Insuchareas,Icanhelptodeveloptheabilitiesofothersandbringou

tthebest.Itwouldbeamostsatisfyingjobtohelpyoungpeopletobecomethebestthattheycan.WhenIbecomeold,Iwouldliketolookbackwithagreatsenseof

satisfactionthatthousandsofpeoplehavebecomebetterpersonsthroughmywork.Iaccepttheideathatnooneshouldmakeachoiceof

ajobsuddenlyandquickly.Heshoulddecidewhathewantstobeinthelongrun.Then,heshoulddecidehowheworkstowardsi

t.Heshouldstudythepropercourses,readthebooksandspeaktoknowledgeablepersonsinthatfieldbeforemakingajobchoic

e.Agoodchoicewillmostprobablyleadtoabetterlife.1.Howmanyimportantthingswillthewriterthinkaboutwhenhechoosesajob?A.4.B.3.

C.2.D.1.2.Thewriterconsidersanenjoyablejobmostimportantbecause.A.hewillhavetoworkhardB.hehastobringouthisbestC.itcanmakehimmorec

reativeD.itispossibleforhimtolivebetter3.Theunderlinedword“remunerated”inthepassagemeans__________..A.rainedB.knownC.acceptedD.

paid4.Thewriterwantstotellusthateveryoneshould.A.liveacomfortablelifewithhisfamilyB.jointhearmytobecomeabetterpersonC.makepreparatio

nstofindasatisfyingjobD.helpyoungpeopletochooseaninterestingjob.提高篇北京东城期末测试D篇话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级教育类议论文3807分钟__/3★★★★Pe

erPressurePowerHaveyoueverdonesomethingyoudidn’twanttodo,justtofitin?Orjustbecauseyourfriendswantedyouto?That

’speerpressure.Peersarepeopleofyourage,suchasyourfriendsorschoolmates.Yourpeersareallaroundyouallthe

time.Theyinfluenceyourdecisionsorbehaviourandyoulearnalot–bothgoodandbad–byjustbeingaroundthem.Youmightadmire

astarplayeratschool.Maybeyounoticethepopularkidsatschoolandlookuptothem.Thosearen’tnecessarilybadthings

.Beingencouragedandinfluencedbydifferentpeerscouldhelpyouinthelongrun.Thepeoplearoundyoucanalsobenegative(消极的)influences,however.Maybeastarteammatete

llsyounevertopasstheballtoacertainplayer,orapopularstudentcheatsontests.Shouldyoutrytobelikethemtofitin?Somekidsthinkbeingpopularorbein

glikedismoreimportantthantheirownsenseofself.Itdoesn’tmakesense,butthat’stheproblemwithpeerpressure.Youcanloseyourself.Butyoucanalsofindy

ourself,asSchuylerdidwhenhewasaskedtogocampinglastyear.“Ididn’twanttogocamping,butmyfriendsreallywantedmetogo.Finally,Igavein,a

ndI’msogladIdid.Thetripwasfantastic!WedidalotoffunactivitiesIwouldhaveneverdoneonmyown.”Schuylersaid.Peerpressureispowerful,butthe

abilitytochooseisyours.“Ifyourfriendstrytogetyoutodosomethingthatyoufeelwrong,”saysIanBrennan,anexpertwh

odealswiththeproblemofpeerpressure.“Tellthemexactlyhowyoufeel.Andifthey’renotcoolaboutit,findnewfriends.”Thatcanbehardtodo,b

utsometimesit’snecessary.“Ifyourso-calledfriendsaretryingtogetyoutodonegativethings,doyoureallythinkthey’rethebestfriends?”saysNicoleS.,16

,ahighschoolstudent.“Tome,realfriendsacceptyouforwhoyouareandwhatyoubelievein,andrespectyourdecisions.

”Peerpressureisn’talwayssomethingtofear.Yourdecisionsareyourstomake.Takethetimetomakethemwisely.1.Acco

rdingtothepassage,peerpressureis.A.theadmirationforfamousteenagestarsB.theinfluencefrompeopleofthesa

meageC.thebehaviourtopleasepopularteammatesD.theabilitytochoosefriendsofsimilartaste2.Schuyler’sexperienceinPa

ragraph4shows.A.beingpopularisimportantB.peerpressurecanbeagoodthingC.peerpressureiscommonamongstudentsD.followingfrie

ndsmaymakeyouloseyourself3.What’sthewriter’ssuggestionaboutpeerpressure?A.Changingfriendswhenyoufeelpeerpre

ssure.B.Fittinginwithdifferentpeerstomakethemacceptyou.C.Makingdecisionscarefullywhenyoufacepeerpressure.D.Askingexpertsforh

elpwhenyoufeelhardtomakechoices.北京西城期末测试D篇话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级教育类议论文4767分钟__/4★★★★MichaelMorpurgoisoneofBritain'sbes

tlovedstorymakerswhosebookWarHorseistaughtinschool.HemadeaspeechatBookTrustAnnualLecture.Whentalkingabouttests,hesaidthatt

oomuchtestinginschoolswastakingthejoyoutofreadingforchildrenbecauseitdestroyedtheirconfidenceandresultedinfeelingsofshameanddisappointment.Mr.Mor

purgosaidtestingwas"supposedtoencourage"allchildren,whethertheypassedornot,buthiswasnotthecase."Whenyoufail,itbringsasenseofworthl

essness.Itseparatesyoufromthosewhohavepassed,rocksconfidence,anddestroyshopesanddreams."Forchildrenwhopass,theycanhavetheopportunitytor

eceivethegreatculturalandmaterialbenefitsofoursocietythroughdevelopinganenjoymentofreading.Butforchildrenwhofail,theyaremadetofeel

thattheworldofbooks,storiesandideasisnotforthem,andtheyarenotcleverenoughtojointhatworld.Itisnottheworldtheybelongto,anditiss

hutofffromthemforever.AsthepresidentofBookTrust,Mr.Morpurgoalsocriticizedschoolsfortakingthewonderofstories

andplayfulnessoflanguage.Schoolshavebeenteachingreadingbyturningstoriesintoaseriesofcomprehensionandgrammartests,becaus

etheyinsistthatmeasurable（可量化的）outcomesandresultsarethebe-allandend-alloftheeducationprocess.Butblaming（责备）governmentsorschoolsispa

ssingthebuck---itisasocietyasawholethatisresponsibleforwhetheritschildrensucceedorfailineducation,andeveryonesh

ouldmakeanefforttoensurethatreadingitselfisapleasureexperienceforallchildren.Mr.Morpurgo,whowasaprimar

yteacherbeforebecomingawriter,wantstoseea“storytime”introducesineveryprimaryschool,whenstoriesarerea

daloud,attheendofeachday.HisBookTrustlecturecalledonschoolsandthegovernmenttokeeplibrariesopen,forparents

toreadtotheirchildreneverynight,etc.“Storytime”wouldbeaspecialtimewithnotestingorteaching.“Letthechildrengohom

edreamingofthestory,relivingit,wonder„Alltherestwillcomelater.Oncetheseedissown,theforeislit,childrenwillwanttolearn.Sogivethemtheloveofst

oryfirst;therestwillfollow.”DianaGerald,theco-workerofBookTrust,said,“Readingisn’tatick-listofbooks.Thatneedtohavebeenread;nor

isitjustaskilltobelearnedthenputaside.Theabilityofreadingandwritingcan,andshouldbetested;readingforpleasuren

eedstobevaluedandseenmorelikeexercise-doitasregularlyasyoucan,makeitfunandredtogetherwheneverpossibleformaximumbenefits.”1.Wha

tdoestheexpression“passingthebuck”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Valuable.B.Irresponsible.C.Unnecessary.D.Harmful.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatshou

ldchildrendoattheir“storytime”?A.Enjoyreading.B.Preparefortests.C.Practisewritingstories.D.Ticktheirbooklists.3.Whichofthefol

lowingisMr.Morpurgo’ssuggestion?A.Testshouldbecanceledinschools.B.ChildrenshouldjointheBookTrust.C.Readingforpleasureshouldbeencouraged.

D.Thegovernmentshouldbuildmorelibraries.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Mr.Morpurgohopestobecomeapri

maryteacher.B.Childrenwhoaretestedcan’tgetthejoyfromreading.C.Mr.MorpurgowantshisbookWarHorsetobereadofteninschools.D.Childrenwhofailintests

probablywon’texplorethewonderofstories.北京海淀期末测试D篇话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级教育类议论文3637分钟__/4★★★★Accordingtoarecentnewspaperarticle,girlsdobet

terthanboysateverylevelofeducation.Soitishardlysurprisingthatwomenarenowfarmorelikelythanmentogotouniversities.“Eclipsed”(黯然失色)MaryCurnockCook,aleade

roftheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService,issoworriedaboutthefutureofboysthatshewantstoseeanationalefforttosolve

theissue.Ifthisdifferentialgrowthcarriesonunchecked,girlsbornthisyearwillbe75%morelikelytogotouniversitythantheir

malepeers(同伴).Sowhatisattherootofthisgap?Aretherechangesinthenatureofuniversitieswhichhaveledtothedom

inanceofwomenoncampus?Aregirlssimplybetteratschoolworkthesedays,andboyslessinterested?Bythetimeteenagersg

ettotheirhighschool,girlsarealreadygreatlyoutnumberingboys.Sobeforetheysitasingleexam,thereareprobablymoregirlsthanboyswhoarelikelytogotouniversity.

“Wasteoftime?”TheaveragegradeforagirlisC+comparedtoCforaboyatA-levelexaminations.Butthedifferencesbetweenboysandgirlsstartmuchearlieron.Accordin

gtoaUniversityofBristolstudy,boysarenearlytwiceaslikelyasgirlstohavefallenbehindbythetimetheystartschool.Primaryschoolsoftenhavemorefemale

teachers,andmothershelpingout.Accordingtothestudy,girlsandboysoftenhavedifferentattitudestowardsschoolwork

.Thereportsays:”Boysaremorelikelythangirlstoregardschoolasawasteoftime.”What’smore,boystendtospendoveronehourlessperweekonhomeworkthan

girls.Theyaremorelikelytoplaycomputergamesandlesslikelytoreadoutsideofschool.“Therearealotofboysthinkingtheycangetawaywiththeleastworkandwantingtos

pendtheirtimedoingother‘moreinterestingthings’,”saysRogerLeighton,theformerheadteacherofSydneyRussellSchool.“Girls,ontheotherha

nd,tendtounderstandtheneedtoworkhardearlieron---theytakealongerview.”1.MaryCurnockCookwantsto_______.A.findoutthecauseforthedifferenceB.f

indoutthenumberofgirlsoncampusC.seeboysworkharderthantheyusedtoD.seepeopleworktogetherontheproblem2.Theunder

linedword“dominance”inParagraph4probablyreferto“______”.A.achievementinschoolworkB.positionofadvantageC.progressinsubjectsD.controlofattentio

n3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Boydobetteratsomelevelsofeducation.B.Therearechangesinthenatureofuniversities.C.Girlsspendmoretimeons

choolworkthanboys.D.Boysandgirlsperformsimilarlyinprimaryschool.metallicparthandle4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A.W

hichismoreattractivetostudents?B.Whatdogirlsunderstandbetterthanboys?C.Whydomorewomenthanmengotouniversity?D.Whoismorelikelytodo

abetterjobinuniversities?北京朝阳期末测试D篇话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类说明文3917分钟__/3★★★★ANewInvention----AnElectricFor

kDoyouknowelectricitycanchangethewaywetastefood?Don’tfeelsurprisedatthefact.AspecialelectricforkinventedbyJapanesere

searcherscouldmakeanydishtastesalty.AccordingtoHiromiNakamura,aPostDoctorResearcheratMeijiUniversityofJa

pan,thetechnologycanbeveryusefulforpeoplewithspecialeatinghabits.Forexample,thesickwithhighbloodpressure（高血压）caneasilydevelopalow-salteatingha

bitandstillenjoydeliciousfood.Andwiththefork,there’stotallynoriskofover-saltingtheirfood.Luckily,thevoltage（电压）issosmalltha

titissafetousethefork.TheideaofaddingelectricitytofoodwasfirstshowntopublicasanexperimentattheComputerHumanInteractionConferencei

nAustin,Texas,in2012.Nakamuraandherteamconnectedawire（导线）toa9-voltbattery（电池）andpasseditthroughastraw（吸管）placedinacupofsweetlemonade.Vo

lunteersreportedthatthelemonadetastednotassweetasitusuallywas,becausetheelectricitycreatedthetasteofsalt.Nakamurahasimprov

edthetechnologytobeabletomaketheelectricityreachthefoodthroughforksandchopsticks.“Themetallicpartoftheforkisoneelectrode（电极）,an

dthehandleistheother,”Nakamuraexplained.“Whenyoutakeapieceoffoodwiththeforkandputitinyourmouth,youconnectthecircuit

.Whenyoutaketheforkoutofyourmouth,youdisconnectthecircuit.Soitactuallyworksasaswitch.”acircuitSimonKlose,TVpresenteroff

oodprogramMunchies,whorecentlyvisitedNakamuratotryouttheforkhimself,thensaiditwasoneofthegreatesteatingexperienceshe’deverhad.“Wh

enIfirstheardofelectricfood,itsoundedterrible.”hesaid.Helatercontinuedtousetheforktoeatpiecesoffriedchicken,andfoundthatthesaltinessgreatlyincreas

edastheelectricitywasconnected.Nakamurahasbeeneating“electric”foodforthepastthreetofouryearsinordertounderstanditbetter.“Forme,”shesaid,“itmayseemlik

ewe’recookingbutwe’reactuallyworkingonthehumantaste.”1.Theelectricforkmaybegoodforpeoplewho.A.needtoloseweightB.showinterestinphysicsC.workasres

earchersD.havehighbloodpressure2.Paragraph4mainlytellsus.A.howtheelectricforkworksB.whatcreatesthetasteofsaltC.wheretheel

ectricforkwasinventedD.whenthetechnologywasknowntopublic3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theelectricforkcancreateunrealtaste

.B.AresearcherfromEnglandinventedtheelectricfork.C.Peoplecanusetheelectricforkbypushingtheswitch.D.Theideaofaddingelectricitytofoodwasf

irstshowninaTVprogram.参考答案基础篇北京东城期末测试C篇：CDAC北京西城期末测试C篇：CBD北京海淀期末测试C篇：ACA北京朝阳期末测试C篇：BCDC提高篇北京东城期末测试D篇：BBC

北京西城期末测试D篇：BACD北京海淀期末测试D篇：DBCC北京朝阳期末测试D篇：DAA附录—高频词北京中考C篇单词/短语词性词义haveto必须，不得不bedesignedfor为„而设计difficultadj.困难的experimentn.试验cut„into„把„切成„surpr

isedadj.惊讶的lookdownupon瞧不起bepunishedfor因„而受惩罚acceptv.接受searchv.搜寻，搜查howeverconj.然而understandv.理解organizev.组织probabl

yadv.可能北京中考D篇单词/短语词性词义haveto必须，不得不bedesignedfor为„而设计difficultadj.困难的experimentn.试验cut„into„把„切成„surprisedadj.惊讶的lookdownupon瞧不起

bepunishedfor因„而受惩罚acceptv.接受searchv.搜寻，搜查howeverconj.然而understandv.理解organizev.组织probablyadv.可能北京东城一模C篇单词/短语词性词义normaladj.正常的dif

ferentadj.不同的describev.描述frightenedadj.害怕的terribleadj.可怕的，很糟的decidev.决定rudeadj.粗鲁的，无理的changev.改变completelyadv.完

全地excellentadj.极好的excitingadj.令人兴奋的popularadj.受欢迎的discussionn.讨论lookforwardto期待，盼望北京东城一模D篇单词/短语词性词义possibilityn.可能

性convenientadj.方便的calmdown平静下来relaxedadj.放松的necessaryadj.必要的healthyadj.健康的aloneadj.单独的spendv.度过，花费informationn.信息separate„from„把„与

„分开北京西城一模C篇单词/短语词性词义incommon共同的，共有的rememberv.记得experiencev.经验，经历sharev.分享environmentn.环境noticev.注意attendv.出席wonderfuladj.极好的adultn

.成年人checkout检验北京西城一模D篇单词/短语词性词义successn.成功failuren.失败marathonn.马拉松happenv.发生preparefor为„准备surelyadv.当然angryadj.生气的pityn.遗憾，怜悯thankfuladj.感谢的giv

eup放弃北京海淀一模C篇单词/短语词性词义madadj.疯狂的spreadv.传播realizev.意识到getusedto习惯于，适应destroyv.毁坏，破坏biologicaladj.生物的smar

tadj.聪明的unknowinglyadj.不知不觉的slideinto溜进breakv.打破prevent„from„阻止„做„belongv.属于北京海淀一模D篇单词/短语词性词义aimat目的在于

pleasantadj.高兴的cooperatewith与„合作whether„ornot不论，是否normallyadv.正常的managev.管理，设法influencev.影响throw„at„朝

„扔„solvev.解决speakillof诋毁，说„的坏话cheerfuladj.愉快的necessaryadj.必要的北京朝阳一模C篇单词/短语词性词义hearof听说comeupwith提出inventv.发明considerv.考虑spreadv.传播，展开

avoidv.避免hitv.打击protectv.保护immediatelyadv.立即，立刻simpleadj.简单的北京朝阳一模D篇单词/短语词性词义togetheradv.在一起passaway去世sep

aratelyadv.分别地amazingadj.令人惊异的missv.错过，思念specialadj.特殊的setaside留出hardlyadv.几乎不meaningfuladj.有意义的effectn.效果，影响comparev.比较，对照opportunityn

.机会relationshipn.关系similarlyadv.类似地worthadj.值得的北京东城二模C篇单词/短语词性词义improvementn.改进，改善technologyn.科技especiallyadv.尤其地supportv.支持communicationn

.交流powerfuladj.强大的benefitn.利益，好处transportationn.运输dependon依赖disadvantagen.缺点regularadj.有规律的北京东城二模D篇单词/短语词性词义stressn.压力hardadj.困难的

，努力的confidencen.自信commonadj.普通的，常见的complaintn.抱怨fitv.使„适应remindv.提醒painfuladj.痛苦的encouragev.鼓励upsetadj.沮丧的pus

hv.推havefun玩的高兴北京西城一模C篇单词/短语词性词义speakup大声讲，畅所欲言onlineadj.在线的getalongwith与„和睦相处disagreev.不同意arguev.争论，辩论respectfullyadv.恭敬地discussionn.讨论calmlya

dj.冷静地，平静的pointout指出，指明patientadj.有耐心的liev.说谎，躺avoidv.避开，避免wrongadj.错误的trustv.相信，信任freedomn.自由北京西城二模D篇单词/短语词性词义instea

dadv.代替，反而，相反limitedadj.有限的adventuren.冒险explorev.探索，探险suitv.适合，使„适应accordingto根据，按照putoff推迟nearbyadj.附近的pullaway（火车等）开始行驶funnyadj.有趣的，好笑的defini

telyadv.当然，肯定的pleasev.使高兴，使满意practicaladj.实际的，实用的incase以防，万一sickadj.生病的北京海淀二模C篇单词/短语词性词义suggestv.暗示，建议actv.行动，表演，起作用connectv.连接，使„有联系st

ylishadj.时髦的，流行的appearancen.外貌，外观positiveadj.积极的receivev.收到，接待socialadj.社会的nolonger不再checkv.检查，核对despiteprep.尽管purposefuladj.有目的的，故意的particular

adj.特别的outdooradj.室外，户外的personallyadv.亲自地，就个人而言地北京海淀二模D篇单词/短语词性词义rapidnessn.快，迅速providev.提供，供给factn.事实，实情websiten.网站collectionn.收集remainv.保持，依然prod

ucev.产生，生产taskn.任务，工作responsibilityn.责任，职责expensiveadj.昂贵的makesureof确定，确保lookthrough仔细检查includev.包括，包含changev.改变recordv.记录，记载北京朝阳C篇单词/短语词性词义b

asicallyadv.基本上nowadaysadv.现在，当今populationn.人口drivev.开车，驾驶leftadj.左边的exactadj.准确的，严密的generallyadv.一般地，通常obviouslya

dv.明显地happenv.发生forcev.强迫continuev.继续changev.改变becomev.变成avoidv.避免troublen.麻烦朝阳二模D篇单词/短语词性词义clearlyadv.清晰的actuallyadv.事实上causev.引起，导致considerv.

考虑，认为confusingadj.令人困惑的oppositeadj.相反的invitationn.邀请politeadj.有礼貌的probablyadv.大概，或许expectv.期待，预料touchv.触动interruptv.打扰remindv.提醒，使想起sugg

estv.建议，暗示