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Ⅰ阅读理解A(2018·福州高三适应性练习)NohumanhassetfootontheMoonsince1972.Now，aftermorethanfourdecadesofinactivity，int

erestinputtinghumansbackontheMoonisfinallyheatingupagain.Butwhowillgettherefirst?CHINAOn14December2013，ChinasuccessfullylandeditsJ

adeRabbitrover(探测车)ontheMoon.Itisnowworkingonitsnextexplorationmission.NamedChang’e4，themissionisscheduledtotouchdownintheAitk

enBasinneartheendof2018.Ifsuccessful，itwillbethefirstlandingontheMoon’sfarside.RUSSIARussiaplansamannedMoonlandingin

2030.ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon，explorin

gforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost(前哨站)．INDIAFollowingthesuccessofitsChandrayaan-1in2008，Indiaannouncedafol

low­onmission.Chandrayaan­2wasmeanttocooperatewithRussia.ButwhentheRussiansfailedtodeliverthepromisedlanderin2013，Indiadecidedtogoitalone.Chandrayaa

n­2isabouttobesentupin2018.U．S.A.InDecember2018，NASAplanstosenduptheExplorationMission1，anuncrewedtestoftheir

OrionastronautcapsuleinwhichthecraftwillcirclearoundtheMoonbeforereturningtoEarth.Allbeingwell，acrewedcapsulewillfollowin2023.Shou

ldthemissionproveasuccess，theastronautswillbethefirsthumanstoseethefarsideoftheMoonwiththeirowneyessinceApollo17in1972.【解题导语】本文是一

篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。1．WhatwillChinadoinitsnextspacemission?A．ImproveitsJadeRabbitrover.B．Workwithothercountries.

C．LandChang’e4ontheMoon.D．ExplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球AitkenBasin地区。据此可知，中国的下一步空

间计划是嫦娥四号登月，故C项正确。2．WhydidIndiatrytocarryoutitsfollow­onmissionalone?A．Itcouldn’tfindapartner.B．Itdidn’tgetthelanderasplanned.C．TheRu

ssiansrefusedtoworkwithIndia.D．ItplannedtolaunchChandrayaan­2inadvance.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，因此印度决定自己实施登月计划，故B项正确。3．Whichco

untryisinterestedinresourcesontheMoon?A．Russia.B．China.C．India.D．U.S.A.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻

找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。4．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．RussiahasbuiltahumanoutpostontheMoon.B．ChinawillbethefirsttoseethefarsideoftheMoon.C．U.S.A.w

illsendacrewedcapsuletotheMooninthefuture.D．HumanshavekeptactiveinexploringtheMoonsince1972.C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，如果一切顺利，美国将于2023年发送

载人太空舱登月。据此可知，美国将在未来实施载人登月计划，故C项正确。B(2018·合肥高三调研性检测)Inoureverydayliveswemeetsituationsinwhichwetakemanythingsforgranted.Weonlytreasurethingsw

hentheyaregone.Thisisasadtruthofhumannature.Oneday,Ifoundmyselfasawitnesstoasimilarsituation.Oneevening,Ileftworkandboardedthetrain.

Afterentering,Inoticedsomethingunusual.Thecenterofthecarhadafewemptyseatswhilebothendswerecrowdedwithpeoplestanding.Ididn’tp

aymuchattentionandsatdownononeoftheemptyseats.Isensedafunnysmell.Itwasn’tlongbeforeInoticedahomelesspersonsleepingonthreeseatsinfrontofme.Hewasbleedi

ngfromhisnose.Whywasn’tanyonehelpinghim?Hisclothesweretornandhewasgivingoffastrangesmell.Alongwiththesmell,hise

yesweredull,watery,andred.Occasionallyhescratchedhimselfandpeoplelookedathimasifhehadcommittedacrime.Asthetrainstoppedatstation

sandmorepeoplecameintheycoveredtheirnosesandfacedawayfromhim.Alltheseatsaroundhimwereempty.Suddenly,hebegantoswearatthepeo

plearoundhim.Aplain­clothespoliceofficerwholookedlikeaconstructionworkertookouthiscertificateandshowedittothehomelessman.Theofficer,notwantingt

otouchthehomelessman,toldhimhisrightsanddirectedhimtoexitthetrain.Astheofficerwalkedthemanoutofthetrain,th

ehomelessmanturnedaroundandsaid“MYHOME！”andstartedcrying.Amandoesn’tvaluethingsuntiltheyaregone.Ifhedidn’thaveahome,atleasthehadfre

edom.Nowhehasneither.Noonewantstohelpsomeonewhowon’thelphimself.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。乘坐火车时，“我”发现了一个流浪汉，他衣衫褴褛，身上散发异味，乘客们避而远之。突然，他开始咒骂他周围的乘客。后来流浪汉被

便衣警察带走，他不仅没有家，这一次还失去了自由。5．Whenenteringthecar,howdidtheauthorfeelatfirst?A．AnnoyedB．Puzzled.C．Sad.D．Calm.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头

却挤满了站着的人；据此可以判断，“我”感到很困惑，故B项正确。6．Howdidpeoplereacttothehomelessman?A．Theycaughthimandcalledthepolice.B．Theycoveredhimwithclean

clothes.C．Theydislikedandavoidedhim.D．Theystaredathimcuriously.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；根据第三段第三句可知，流浪汉偶尔抓挠自己，人们看着他，好像他曾经犯罪了一

样；据此可以判断，人们不喜欢他，避免和他接触，故C项正确。7．Itcanbelearnedthatthepoliceman________．A．wasveryrudetothemanB．sentthemanbacktohis

hometownC．forcedthemantoleavethecityD．wentoffthetrainwiththemanD解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，警官最后带着这个流浪汉走下了火车，故D项正确。8．Whatdoestheaut

horthinkofthehomelessman?A．Heisaloseroflife.B．Heisworthourrespect.C．Heisveryfunny.D．Heisafearlessfighter.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、第三

句可知，如果他没有家，至少他还有自由，如今他两个都没有了。据此可以判断，他是一个生活的失败者，故A项正确。C(2018·云南高三11校跨区调研考试)Spider(蜘蛛)webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstring

s.Thelong,thinstringsonaguitarcanvibrate(振动).Theymovebackandforth,orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadebyspiders.Theli

nesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreatureinformationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeigh

teyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft,naturally­madesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar,aspidercansendoutvibrationsacro

ssitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies(频率).Spiderscatchtheirfood,usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements,whichspreada

crosstheirwebs.Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate，orsomethingtastytoeat.Vibrationsarenotjustusedtosp

otwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourtship(求爱),solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefe

malescanusetodeterminenotonlythatthey’reamale,butthey’retherightspecies,andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.Spidersmaketheir

ownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial,theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinform

ationisgettingtothemwhentheyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnatureoftheirself-madematerialsandcreation

s.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedovertimeforthispurpose.【解题导语】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。9．Howdoe

saspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?A．Throughitssenseofsight.B．Throughvibrationsofitsweb.C．Throughdifferentfrequencies.D．

Throughamusicalpattern.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。故选B项。10．Wha

tdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A．Insects.B．Strings.C．Spiders.D．Vibrations.A解析：代词指

代题。根据第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood...acrosstheirwebs.”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。11．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisT

RUE?A．Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.B．Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.C．Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloos

e.D．Thetightnessofsilkcan’tbeadjustedonceit’smade.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial,th

eycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。12．Thetextmainlytellsreade

rs________．A．guitarsandspiderwebsaresimilarB．spiderwebshavevariousfunctionsC．spidersareskillfulinhuntinginsectsD．vibrationsarevitalinaspider’slif

eD解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是第二段中的最后一句可知，D项正确。Ⅱ七选五(2018·广东七校联考)Itisnecessarytobereasonableandflexibleenoughtoavoidconflictsasmuchaspossibleandl

iveinpeacewithothers.1.________Ifyouhavedoneallyourbesttoavoidconflictsandyouarestillarguing,thenreadtheseeffectiveti

psonhowtoavoidconflicts.Don’tgetinthecenteroftheconflict.Sometimespeoplecangetinthecenterofconflictsduetotheirenthusiasmforofferinghelp.

Franklyspeaking,itisveryunwise,becauseitcanmakeyouthemainfigureoftheconflict.2.________Youshouldfocusonyourownlifeissues.Bekind.3

.________Lifeisfullofconflictsanddisagreements,andthat’swhyyoushouldfindmoreconservativewaysofdealingwiththem.Forexample,ki

ndnesscanlessentheconflict.Trytobeapeacekeeper.Peacekeeperstendtocooperatewithpeoplewithoutbademotionswhichusuallylea

dtoargumentsandevenconflicts.“4.________”Thissayingisthelifemottoofanatural-bornpeacekeeper.Don’tworryifyouarenot

anatural-bornpeacekeeper;youcangainthisskillduringlife.Walkoff.Whentheconflictisgatheringpaceandyoucan’tmanagetocontrolyourself,youshouldchoosetoh

andlethesituationinanotherway.Byallmeans,trytokeepyourselfawayfromstress.5.________Youshouldgetawayfromthesituationforawhile.A．Theg

reatestvictoryisabattlenotfought.B．Conflictsareunavoidable,sotrytoacceptthem.C．Weakpeopleusuallydesireotherstoofferhelpa

ndsupport.D．Letotherpeoplesolvetheirproblemswithoutyourpresence.E．Itishelpfultoputsomedistancebetweenyourselfandtheopponent

.F．Whensomeonepushesyoutothelimit,trytoactkindlytowardsthisperson.G．Arguingcaneitherbreakyourfriendshiporaffectyourrelationshiptosome

degree.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种有效避免冲突的建议。1．G解析：根据空前一句可知，尽量避免冲突是十分有必要的；据此可以判断，空处承上启下，介绍冲突的严重危害，引出文章主题，故G项正确。2．D解析：根据空后一句可知，作者建议把注意力集中在自己的事情上；据此可以判断，空处建议

“让其他人自己解决他们自己的问题”，故D项符合文意。3．F解析：根据该段标题“Bekind.”可知，该段主要阐述“和善待人”的建议，这与F项中的“trytoactkindlytowardsthisperson”照应，故F项符合文意。4．A解析：根据空后一句可以判断，空处是调解人的一

句格言。A项意为“最伟大的胜利是一场没有战斗的斗争”，符合文意，故A项正确。5．E解析：根据空前一句可知，这里作者建议要远离冲突，离开对手；据此可知E项符合文意。