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Ⅰ阅读理解A(2018·济南高三针对性训练)ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin，derived

fromtheGreekwordpēktosmeaningsolidorclotted.TheancientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandcheese.

Thefirstmajorinnovationthatledtoflatbreadpizzawastheuseoftomatoasatopping.ItwascommonforthepooroftheareaaroundNaplestoaddtomatoesto

theiryeast－basedflatbread，andsothepizzabegan.Whileitisdifficulttosayforsurewhoinventedthepizza，itishoweverbelievedthatmodernpizzawasfi

rstmadebybakerRaffaeleEspositoofNaples.Infact，apopularurbanlegendholdsthatthearchetypal(原型的)pizza，PizzaMargherita，wasinvente

din1890，whentheRoyalPalaceofCapodimonteaskedtheNeapolitanpizzaioloRaffaeleEspositotocreateapizzainhonorofthevisitingQueenMargherita.Of

thethreedifferentpizzashecreated，theQueenstronglypreferredapiewrappedinthecolorsoftheItalianflag：red(tomato)，gr

een(basil)，andwhite(mozzarella)．Supposedly，thiskindofpizzawasthennamedaftertheQueenasPizzaMargherita.Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinma

nypartsoftheworld：·Thefirstpizzeria，AnticaPizzeriaPort’Alba，wasopenedin1830inNaples.·InNorthAmerica，thefirstpiz

zeriawasopenedin1905byGennaroLombardiat53SpringStreetinNewYorkCity.·ThefirstPizzaHut，thechainofpizzarestau

rantsappearedintheUnitedStatesin1958.·Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizza

.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。1．What’smainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A．Waysofmakingpizza.B．Thehistoryofpizza.C．Varie

tiesofpizza.D．Storiesaboutpizza.B解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段的“ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin

”以及文章的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。2．Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“derived”inParagraph1?A．Separated.B．Adapted.C．Originated.D．Transformed.C解析：词

义猜测题。根据第一段的“ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy”可知，此处说的是比萨起源于希腊单词“pēktos”，故画线词意为“发源，开始”，故选C。3．Howwaspi

zzafirststarted?A．AncientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandcheese.B．PeopleinNaplesaddedtomatoestotheirbreadasatopping.C．RaffaeleEspositowr

appedapieinthecolorsoftheItalianflag.D．QueenMargheritaawardedhernametopizzaintheRoyalPalace.B解析：细节理解题。根

据第一段最后两句可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西红柿作为配料，由此开创了比萨这种食品，故选B。4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Pizzaremainspopulararoundtheworld.B．ThefirstPizzaHutwasopenedinNaples.C

．Thetasteofpizzastaysthesameovertime.D．GennaroLombardiwasthefirsttomakepizza.A解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypar

tsoftheworld”和“Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizza.”可知，比萨现在在全世界依然很受欢迎，故选A。B(2018·辽

宁大连双基测试)Wheneverweseeabutton,wewanttopressitbecauseweknowthatsomethingwillhappen.Thisistrueinmostcases,fore

xample,onadoorbell.Butsomebuttonsareactuallyfake(假的),likethe“close”buttononalift.Manypeopleareinthehabitofpressingthe“clo

se”buttonbecausetheydon’thavethepatiencetowait.Butlifts’“close”buttonsareacompletetrick,atleastintheU．S.—thedoorswi

llnotcloseanyfasternomatterhowhardyoupress.Itstartedinthe1990swhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActwaspassedintheU．S.,makingsurethata

llliftsstayedopenlongenoughsothatpeoplewithdisabilitiescouldentersafely.Onlyrepairworkerscanusethebuttonstospeed

upthedoorclosingprocessiftheyhavespecialkeys.Buttonormalliftriders,thebuttonsaren’tcompletelyuseless.Accordi

ngtopsychologists,fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol.“Asenseofcontrol

isveryimportant.Itreducesstressandincreaseswell­being，”saidEllenJ．Langer,apsychologyprofessoratHarvardUniversity.Expertsalsoaddedthatalotofbuttons

thatdon’tdoanythingexistinourlivesforthissamepurpose.Forexample,pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon’tliveuptotheirnameseither.Pressingthemus

edtohelpmakethetrafficsignalschangefaster,butthatwasbeforecomputer­controlledtrafficsignalswereintroduc

ed.Butpsychologistsfounditinterestingthatevenwhenpeopleareawareoftheselittle“whitelies”，theystillcontinuetopush

fakebuttonsbecauseaslongasthedoorseventuallyclose,itisconsideredtobeworththeeffort.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们平时生活中所见到的

按钮可能是不起作用的。5．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Todescribedifferentfakebuttons.B．Toexplorethefunctionsoffakebutt

ons.C．Toanalyzevarioushabitsofpushingbuttons.D．Toexplainthedisadvantagesoffakebuttons.B解析：写作意图题。通读整篇文章可知，作者通过举例子介绍了不

同地点的虚假按钮，其目的是探求这些虚假按钮的功能。故选B。6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“close”buttonsonaliftinAmerica?A．Theyworkwhenpeoplepressthemhard.B．Theywered

esignedforasenseofcontrol.C．Theyneverspeedupthedoor­closingprocess.D．Theytakethesafetyofthedisabledintoaccount.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句可知，美国电梯里的

“关闭”按钮是为了确保残疾人能安全地通过。故选D。7．Whatcanweinferaboutpedestriancrosswalkbuttons?A．Theycanmakepeoplefeelbetter.B．Theyhelpcomputer

sworkfaster.C．Theycancontrolthetrafficsignals.D．Theyhelppedestrianscrosssafely.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbet

terbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol”和第六段中的“Forexample,pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon’tliveuptotheirnameseither.”可知，人行横道按钮也没有实现其功能，但可以让人们感觉好一点，故选A。8．Whic

hmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ButtonsintheU．S.A.B．ButtonsAlwaysLieC．ButtonsMayNotWorkD．“Close”Button

sonLiftsC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了有些按钮只是形式上的，而不具备真正的实际功能。故C项“按钮可能不起作用”最符合文章主旨。故选C。Ⅱ完形填空(2018·河北衡水中学联考)Thatwasmyfirstballetperformance

andIwastheleadrole.Ahugeblackcurtain__1__mefromthecrowd.Myheartracedsorapidlythatitwould__2__outofmychest.Ar

ushof__3__shotthroughmybodywhenthemusicbeganandItookmy__4__atthecenterofthestage.IpushedoffthefloorashardasIcouldand__5__intotheair.Th

enIstartedtocome__6__formylanding,preparingtojumpagain,andyetmyfoot__7__.Ifell,face­first.ForamomentIcouldn’t__8__，wonderingifIshouldgoon.__9__，tr

ainedforthousandsofhoursfortwelveyears,mymusclesignoredthe__10__ofmymindandI__11__myselfbackonmyfeet.Ifinishedthep

artandleftthestage.Bendingoveratable,Itriedto__12__tears.Ididn’twanttogobacktofinishthelasttwentyminutes.Ididn’t__13__thelea

drole.Thencamemyteacher.“The__14__thingonstageistofall.You’vegottenit,sowhat’sleftto__15__？Justgoandgiveitall.”Herwords__16__me.Minu

teslater,Iwentbackonstageandcompletelyletgoof__17__．Ijustdanced,lettingthemusicguidemethroughthemovement.Now,asaPrincipalDance

r,Ioftenthinkaboutthatperformance.Wefallwhenwetryourhardest.Thereisno__18__，onlypride.Fallingis__19__andsometimesitiseasierjusttostayon

the__20__．Butifwenevergetup，wewillneverexperiencewhatitisliketofly.【解题导语】作者通过讲述自己第一次芭蕾舞演出的经历告诉我们，当我们尽了

最大的努力，即使跌倒了，也不是耻辱，而是骄傲。如果我们跌倒了再也不爬起来，我们就永远不会体验到飞翔的感觉。1．A.coveredB．hidC．protectedD．droveB解析：演出还没有开始，巨大的幕布把作者藏在后面，与观众隔开。cover意为“覆盖”；hi

de意为“隐藏”；protect意为“保护”；drive意为“驱赶；驾驶”。故选B项。2．A.beatB．dropC．runD．shoutA解析：此处描写作者紧张激动的心情：作者的心跳得很快，几乎要跳出胸膛。选项中只有beat有表示心脏跳动的含义。故选A项。3．A.amazementB．excit

ementC．sadnessD．satisfactionB解析：由上句可知，作者非常激动、紧张，所以音乐响起时内心应该是激动的。amazement意为“惊异”；excitement意为“兴奋；激动”；sadness意为“悲伤”；satisfaction意为“

满意”。B项符合语境。4．A.timeB．turnC．placeD．orderC解析：根据常识可知，作者是领舞，所以音乐响起后会站到舞台中央。takeone’stime意为“不慌不忙”；takeone’sturn意为“轮到某人”；takeone’splace意为“某人就位”；takeone’so

rder意为“为某人点餐”。故选C项。5．A.flewB．spunC．roseD．lookedA解析：根据空前的pushedoffthefloor可知，这是作者在努力蹬离地面跃到空中。fly意为“飞翔”，表现芭蕾舞的腾空动作，符合语境，故选A项。spin意为“旋转”；rise意为“

升起”；look意为“看”。6．A.outB．inC．downD．offC解析：上文提到跃到空中，再根据空后的preparingtojumpagain可知，此处是准备落地。故选C项。7．A.slippedB．stopp

edC．steppedD．advancedA解析：根据后面的Ifell，face­first.可推测，此处指作者摔倒了，可能的原因是脚下打滑了。slip意为“打滑”；stop意为“停止”；step意为“踏步”；advance意

为“前进”。故选A项。8．A.thinkB．cryC．moveD．believeC解析：根据空后的wonderingifIshouldgoon可知，作者当时不知道是否应该继续表演，由此可以推测，作者当时摔倒后不能动弹(move)。故选C项。9．A.ThereforeB．Ho

weverC．OtherwiseD．InsteadB解析：根据上文可知，作者不知道自己是否应该继续表演，然而十二年无数小时的训练使作者的肌肉本能地忽略了内心的犹豫，作者发现自己又站了起来，上下文之间是转折关系，故选B项。10．A.lossB

．painC．reliefD．hesitationD解析：根据上文中的wonderingifIshouldgoon以及空后的mind可知，作者当时在犹豫。loss意为“损失”；pain意为“疼痛”；relief意为“宽慰”；hesitatio

n意为“犹豫”。故选D项。11．A.foundB．draggedC．accustomedD．allowedA解析：作者发现自己又站了起来。find意为“发现”；drag意为“拖动”；accustom意为“使习惯”；

allow意为“允许”。故选A项。12．A.dryupB．wipeoutC．burstintoD．fightbackD解析：表演告一段落之后，作者回到了后台，伏在一张桌子上努力抑制住泪水。根据空前的triedto以及当时的舞台表演场合可

知，作者应该是强忍泪水。dryup意为“使干涸”；wipeout意为“彻底毁灭；抹去”；burstinto意为“突然„„起来”；fightback意为“抗争；克制；忍住”。故选D项。13．A.playB．deserveC．getD．finishB解析：作者在

舞台上摔倒，觉得自己没资格当领舞。play意为“玩耍；参加；演奏”；deserve意为“应得；应受”；get意为“获得”；finish意为“完成”。故选B项。14．A.unexpectedB．awkwardC．co

mmonD．worstD解析：此处是老师的鼓励：舞台上最糟糕的事就是摔倒，你已经摔倒了，还有什么可失去的？unexpected意为“出乎意料的”；awkward意为“尴尬的”；common意为“常见的”；worst意为“最坏的”。故选D项。15．A

.goB．doC．loseD．sayC解析：没有什么比舞台上摔倒更糟糕的事了，所以不用害怕再失去(lose)什么。故选C项。16．A.awokeB．enrichedC．excitedD．surprisedA解析：根据下文Minutesla

ter,Iwentbackonstageandcompletelyletgoof...可知，作者又回到舞台继续表演，因此，此处指老师的话点醒了作者。awake意为“唤醒”；enrich意为“使丰富；充实”；

excite意为“使兴奋；使激动”；surprise意为“使惊讶”。故选A项。17．A.themusicB．myselfC．theteacherD．othersB解析：根据下文Ijustdanced,lettingthemusicguidemet

hroughthemovement.可知，作者随着音乐尽情舞蹈，释放自己。故选B项。18．A.excuseB．fearC．benefitD．shameD解析：结合上文作者认为自己摔倒是一种耻辱，而本句和下文则认为摔倒是一种骄傲。excuse意为“借口”；fe

ar意为“害怕”；benefit意为“好处”；shame意为“羞耻”。故选D项。19．A.shockingB．interestingC．rareD．terribleD解析：根据上文作者摔倒后的想法可知，此处应为摔倒很糟糕。shocking意为“惊人的”；interes

ting意为“有趣的”；rare意为“稀有的”；terrible意为“糟糕的”。故选D项。20．A.spotB．roadC．groundD．stageC解析：根据下文的getup和fly可知，此处是说摔倒后待在地上不再站起来更简单。spot意为“地点”；road意为“道路”；gro

und意为“地面”；stage意为“舞台”。故选C项。