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Ⅰ阅读理解A(2018·济南高三针对性训练)ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin，derivedfromtheGreekwordpēktosmeaningsoli

dorclotted.TheancientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandcheese.Thefirstmajorinnovationthatledtoflatbreadpizzawastheuseof

tomatoasatopping.ItwascommonforthepooroftheareaaroundNaplestoaddtomatoestotheiryeast－basedflatbread，andsothepizzabegan.Whileitisd

ifficulttosayforsurewhoinventedthepizza，itishoweverbelievedthatmodernpizzawasfirstmadebybakerRaffaeleEspos

itoofNaples.Infact，apopularurbanlegendholdsthatthearchetypal(原型的)pizza，PizzaMargherita，wasinventedin1890，whentheRoyalPalaceofCapodimonteaskedtheNeapo

litanpizzaioloRaffaeleEspositotocreateapizzainhonorofthevisitingQueenMargherita.Ofthethreedifferentpizzashecreated，theQueenstronglypreferredapiewrapp

edinthecolorsoftheItalianflag：red(tomato)，green(basil)，andwhite(mozzarella)．Supposedly，thiskindofpizzawasthennamedaftertheQuee

nasPizzaMargherita.Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypartsoftheworld：·Thefirstpizzeria，AnticaPizzeriaPort’Alba，wasopenedin1830inNap

les.·InNorthAmerica，thefirstpizzeriawasopenedin1905byGennaroLombardiat53SpringStreetinNewYorkCity.·ThefirstPizzaHut，thechainofpizzarestaurantsappear

edintheUnitedStatesin1958.·Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizz

a.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。1．What’smainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A．Waysofmakingpizza.B．Thehistoryofpizza.C．Varietiesofpizza.D

．Storiesaboutpizza.B解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段的“ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekino

rigin”以及文章的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。2．Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“derived”inParagraph1?A．Separated.B．Adapted.C．Originated.D．Transformed.C解析：词

义猜测题。根据第一段的“ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy”可知，此处说的是比萨起源于希腊单词“pēktos”，故画线词意为“发源，开始”，故选C。

3．Howwaspizzafirststarted?A．AncientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandcheese.B．PeopleinNaplesaddedtomatoestotheirbreadasatopping.C．Ra

ffaeleEspositowrappedapieinthecolorsoftheItalianflag.D．QueenMargheritaawardedhernametopizzaintheRoya

lPalace.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西红柿作为配料，由此开创了比萨这种食品，故选B。4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Pizzaremainspopulararoundthewor

ld.B．ThefirstPizzaHutwasopenedinNaples.C．Thetasteofpizzastaysthesameovertime.D．GennaroLombardiwasthefirsttomakepizza.A解析：细节理解题。

根据文中的“Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypartsoftheworld”和“Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariants

baseduponpizza.”可知，比萨现在在全世界依然很受欢迎，故选A。B(2018·辽宁大连双基测试)Wheneverweseeabutton,wewanttopressitbecauseweknowthatsomethingwill

happen.Thisistrueinmostcases,forexample,onadoorbell.Butsomebuttonsareactuallyfake(假的),likethe“close”buttononalift.Manypeoplearein

thehabitofpressingthe“close”buttonbecausetheydon’thavethepatiencetowait.Butlifts’“close”buttonsareacompletetrick,at

leastintheU．S.—thedoorswillnotcloseanyfasternomatterhowhardyoupress.Itstartedinthe1990swhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActwaspassedintheU

．S.,makingsurethatallliftsstayedopenlongenoughsothatpeoplewithdisabilitiescouldentersafely.Onlyrepairworkerscanuseth

ebuttonstospeedupthedoorclosingprocessiftheyhavespecialkeys.Buttonormalliftriders,thebuttonsaren’tcompletelyu

seless.Accordingtopsychologists,fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol.“Asenseofcontrolisveryimportan

t.Itreducesstressandincreaseswell­being，”saidEllenJ．Langer,apsychologyprofessoratHarvardUniversity.Experts

alsoaddedthatalotofbuttonsthatdon’tdoanythingexistinourlivesforthissamepurpose.Forexample,pedestriancro

sswalkbuttonsdon’tliveuptotheirnameseither.Pressingthemusedtohelpmakethetrafficsignalschangefaster,b

utthatwasbeforecomputer­controlledtrafficsignalswereintroduced.Butpsychologistsfounditinterestingthat

evenwhenpeopleareawareoftheselittle“whitelies”，theystillcontinuetopushfakebuttonsbecauseaslongasthedoorseventual

lyclose,itisconsideredtobeworththeeffort.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们平时生活中所见到的按钮可能是不起作用的。5．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwr

itingthetext?A．Todescribedifferentfakebuttons.B．Toexplorethefunctionsoffakebuttons.C．Toanalyzevarioushabitsofpushingbutt

ons.D．Toexplainthedisadvantagesoffakebuttons.B解析：写作意图题。通读整篇文章可知，作者通过举例子介绍了不同地点的虚假按钮，其目的是探求这些虚假按钮的功能。故选B。6．Whatcanwelea

rnaboutthe“close”buttonsonaliftinAmerica?A．Theyworkwhenpeoplepressthemhard.B．Theyweredesignedforasenseofcontrol.C．Theynev

erspeedupthedoor­closingprocess.D．Theytakethesafetyofthedisabledintoaccount.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句可知，美国电梯里

的“关闭”按钮是为了确保残疾人能安全地通过。故选D。7．Whatcanweinferaboutpedestriancrosswalkbuttons?A．Theycanmakepeoplefeelbetter.B．Theyhe

lpcomputersworkfaster.C．Theycancontrolthetrafficsignals.D．Theyhelppedestrianscrosssafely.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“fakebuttonscanactual

lymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol”和第六段中的“Forexample,pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon’tliveuptotheirnameseither.”可知，人行横道按钮也没有

实现其功能，但可以让人们感觉好一点，故选A。8．Whichmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ButtonsintheU．S.A.B．ButtonsAlwaysLieC．ButtonsMayNotWorkD．“Clos

e”ButtonsonLiftsC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了有些按钮只是形式上的，而不具备真正的实际功能。故C项“按钮可能不起作用”最符合文章主旨。故选C。Ⅱ完形填空(2018·河北衡水中学联考)Thatwasmyfirstbal

letperformanceandIwastheleadrole.Ahugeblackcurtain__1__mefromthecrowd.Myheartracedsorapidlythatitwould__2__outofmychest.A

rushof__3__shotthroughmybodywhenthemusicbeganandItookmy__4__atthecenterofthestage.IpushedoffthefloorashardasIcouldand__5__i

ntotheair.ThenIstartedtocome__6__formylanding,preparingtojumpagain,andyetmyfoot__7__.Ifell,face­firs

t.ForamomentIcouldn’t__8__，wonderingifIshouldgoon.__9__，trainedforthousandsofhoursfortwelveyears,mymusclesignoredthe__10

__ofmymindandI__11__myselfbackonmyfeet.Ifinishedthepartandleftthestage.Bendingoveratable,Itriedto__12__tears.Ididn’twantt

ogobacktofinishthelasttwentyminutes.Ididn’t__13__theleadrole.Thencamemyteacher.“The__14__thingonstageistofall.You

’vegottenit,sowhat’sleftto__15__？Justgoandgiveitall.”Herwords__16__me.Minuteslater,Iwentbackonstageandcompletelyletgoof__17__．Ijust

danced,lettingthemusicguidemethroughthemovement.Now,asaPrincipalDancer,Ioftenthinkaboutthatperformance.We

fallwhenwetryourhardest.Thereisno__18__，onlypride.Fallingis__19__andsometimesitiseasierjusttostayonthe__20__．Butifwenevergetup，wewillnever

experiencewhatitisliketofly.【解题导语】作者通过讲述自己第一次芭蕾舞演出的经历告诉我们，当我们尽了最大的努力，即使跌倒了，也不是耻辱，而是骄傲。如果我们跌倒了再也不爬起来，我们就永远不会体验到飞翔的感觉。1．A.coveredB．hidC．protectedD．dro

veB解析：演出还没有开始，巨大的幕布把作者藏在后面，与观众隔开。cover意为“覆盖”；hide意为“隐藏”；protect意为“保护”；drive意为“驱赶；驾驶”。故选B项。2．A.beatB．dropC．runD．shoutA

解析：此处描写作者紧张激动的心情：作者的心跳得很快，几乎要跳出胸膛。选项中只有beat有表示心脏跳动的含义。故选A项。3．A.amazementB．excitementC．sadnessD．satisfa

ctionB解析：由上句可知，作者非常激动、紧张，所以音乐响起时内心应该是激动的。amazement意为“惊异”；excitement意为“兴奋；激动”；sadness意为“悲伤”；satisfaction意为“满意”。B项符合语境。4．A.timeB．turnC．placeD．orderC解析：

根据常识可知，作者是领舞，所以音乐响起后会站到舞台中央。takeone’stime意为“不慌不忙”；takeone’sturn意为“轮到某人”；takeone’splace意为“某人就位”；takeone’sorder意为“为某人点餐”。故选C项。5．A.flewB．

spunC．roseD．lookedA解析：根据空前的pushedoffthefloor可知，这是作者在努力蹬离地面跃到空中。fly意为“飞翔”，表现芭蕾舞的腾空动作，符合语境，故选A项。spin意为“旋转”；rise意为“升起”；look意为“看

”。6．A.outB．inC．downD．offC解析：上文提到跃到空中，再根据空后的preparingtojumpagain可知，此处是准备落地。故选C项。7．A.slippedB．stoppedC．steppedD．advance

dA解析：根据后面的Ifell，face­first.可推测，此处指作者摔倒了，可能的原因是脚下打滑了。slip意为“打滑”；stop意为“停止”；step意为“踏步”；advance意为“前进”。故选A项。8．A.thinkB．cryC．moveD．believeC解析：根据空后

的wonderingifIshouldgoon可知，作者当时不知道是否应该继续表演，由此可以推测，作者当时摔倒后不能动弹(move)。故选C项。9．A.ThereforeB．HoweverC．OtherwiseD．InsteadB解析：根据上文可知，作者不知道自己是否应该继续表演，然

而十二年无数小时的训练使作者的肌肉本能地忽略了内心的犹豫，作者发现自己又站了起来，上下文之间是转折关系，故选B项。10．A.lossB．painC．reliefD．hesitationD解析：根据上文中的wonderingifIshouldgoon以及空后的mi

nd可知，作者当时在犹豫。loss意为“损失”；pain意为“疼痛”；relief意为“宽慰”；hesitation意为“犹豫”。故选D项。11．A.foundB．draggedC．accustomedD．allowedA解析：作者发现自己

又站了起来。find意为“发现”；drag意为“拖动”；accustom意为“使习惯”；allow意为“允许”。故选A项。12．A.dryupB．wipeoutC．burstintoD．fightbackD解析：表演告一段落之后，作者回到了后台，伏在一张桌子上努力抑制住泪

水。根据空前的triedto以及当时的舞台表演场合可知，作者应该是强忍泪水。dryup意为“使干涸”；wipeout意为“彻底毁灭；抹去”；burstinto意为“突然„„起来”；fightback意为“抗争；克制；忍住”。故选D项。13．A.pl

ayB．deserveC．getD．finishB解析：作者在舞台上摔倒，觉得自己没资格当领舞。play意为“玩耍；参加；演奏”；deserve意为“应得；应受”；get意为“获得”；finish意为“完成”。故选B项。1

4．A.unexpectedB．awkwardC．commonD．worstD解析：此处是老师的鼓励：舞台上最糟糕的事就是摔倒，你已经摔倒了，还有什么可失去的？unexpected意为“出乎意料的”；aw

kward意为“尴尬的”；common意为“常见的”；worst意为“最坏的”。故选D项。15．A.goB．doC．loseD．sayC解析：没有什么比舞台上摔倒更糟糕的事了，所以不用害怕再失去(lose)什么。故选C项。16．A.aw

okeB．enrichedC．excitedD．surprisedA解析：根据下文Minuteslater,Iwentbackonstageandcompletelyletgoof...可知，作者又回到舞台继续表演，因此，此处指老师的话点

醒了作者。awake意为“唤醒”；enrich意为“使丰富；充实”；excite意为“使兴奋；使激动”；surprise意为“使惊讶”。故选A项。17．A.themusicB．myselfC．theteacherD．othersB解析：根

据下文Ijustdanced,lettingthemusicguidemethroughthemovement.可知，作者随着音乐尽情舞蹈，释放自己。故选B项。18．A.excuseB．fearC．benefitD．sh

ameD解析：结合上文作者认为自己摔倒是一种耻辱，而本句和下文则认为摔倒是一种骄傲。excuse意为“借口”；fear意为“害怕”；benefit意为“好处”；shame意为“羞耻”。故选D项。19．A.s

hockingB．interestingC．rareD．terribleD解析：根据上文作者摔倒后的想法可知，此处应为摔倒很糟糕。shocking意为“惊人的”；interesting意为“有趣的”；rare意为“稀有的”；terrible意为“糟糕的”。故选D项。20．A.spotB．roa

dC．groundD．stageC解析：根据下文的getup和fly可知，此处是说摔倒后待在地上不再站起来更简单。spot意为“地点”；road意为“道路”；ground意为“地面”；stage意为“舞台”。故选C项。