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Ⅰ阅读理解A(2018·广西适应性检测)Whereshouldanadventuroustouristgo?Afteryou’vedonesightseeinginLondon，shoppinginNewYork，tastedthelocalfoodinParis，an

ddancedtoyourheart’scontentattheBrazilianCarnival，whereelsecanyougo?Whatexotic(异国风情的)touristdestinationawaitsyou

?Well，Antarcticasoundsliketheholidayofalifetime!It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientistsinresearchstationssharethe

icylandscapewithpenguinsandotheranimalswhichcancopewiththelowtemperatures.TourismbeganinAntarcticainthe1950sandi

t’sstillasmallscale.About37，000touristsareexpectedtherethisseason，butmanywon’tevenleavetheboat.TheBBC’sJulietRixvisitedthefrozencontinentandaske

dherselfifsheshouldbethereatall，causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment.Hertourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleavefootprin

tsandtheyallgotothesameplace，theaccessiblecoastline，whichisalsowherethepenguinsandsealsgotobreed.Butsomepeoplebelievetha

tifcarefullycontrolled，tourismcanbegoodforAntarctica.Ithasnonativepopulationanditneedsadvocates.Visitorstotheicycontinentmightbereadytosuppor

tandeventofunditspreservation.Andthey’relikelytoengageinthediscussionaboutglobalwarming，whichhasledtothemeltingofglaciers.

AccordingtoRix，guidelinesarefollowedwhenyou’reabouttosetfootinAntarcticaandtouristshavetodisinfect(为……消毒)theirbootstomakesurenoalienspeciesareintrodu

ced.Andonceonland，there’snoeatingorsmoking.Rocks，bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandnothingshouldbeleft

behind.TouristsfortunateenoughtovisitAntarcticamustbeawarethatthisisnottheirhomeandkeeptheirfingerscrossedthatfuturegenerations

willalsobeabletoenjoysuchbreathtakingviews.【解题导语】游客应该去南极洲旅游吗？本文介绍了去南极洲旅游的情况和对游客的要求。1．Accordingtothesecondparagraph，wecanlearnthat________．A．Ant

arcticahasbecomethebestplaceforpeopletotravelB．onlyscientistscanbeallowedtogotoAntarcticaC．AntarcticaislessaffectedbyhumanactivitiesD．noanimalsc

ansurviveinAntarcticaexceptpenguinsC解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第二句话“It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.”

可知，它被认为是地球上最后的不毛之地。由此可推知，南极洲受人类活动的影响较小。2．JulietRix’stravelinAntarcticamentionedinthefourthparagraphindicatesthat________．A．governmentsshouldtakemea

surestostoptouristsfromgoingtoAntarcticaB．whethertouristsshouldgotoAntarcticaornotshouldbeconsideredcarefullyC．theanimals’habitatin

AntarcticahasbeenseriouslyaffectedbytourismD．onlyjournalistsbegintopayattentiontotheenvironmentalprotectioninAntarcticaB解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“askedhersel

fifsheshouldbethereatall，causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment”以及“Hertourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleavefootprintsandth

eyallgotothesameplace”可推知，人们是否应该去南极洲旅游应认真地考虑一下。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoRix?A．TouristscaneatandsmokeinAntarctica.B．Tou

ristscantakesomethingtheylikefromAntarctica.C．Touristscanthrowawaysomethingtheydon’tneedinAntarctica.D．TouristscanenjoythebeautifulsceneryinAntarcti

ca.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“there’snoeatingorsmoking.Rocks，bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandno

thingshouldbeleftbehind”可知，A、B、C三项的说法均与原文不符；根据文章结尾处“toenjoysuchbreathtakingviews”可知，游客可以在南极洲欣赏到惊人的景色。4．Whichofthefollowin

gisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．WhyCan’tTouristsGotoAntarctica?B．HowCanTouristsGotoAntarctica?C．ShouldTo

uristsGotoAntarctica?D．AreTouristsAllowedtoGotoAntarctica?C解析：推理判断题。通读全文的内容可知，文章围绕的是“应该不应该去南极洲旅游？”这一话题，因此C项最适合作标题。B(2018·南昌模拟)VitaminBcouldhel

plessentheeffectsofthemostdangeroustypeofairpollution,accordingtoanewstudypublishedrecently.Inthefirststudyofitskind,ateamofinternationalresearchers

lookedatthedamagecausedbyoneofthepollutantsthathavethemostsevereimpactonhealth:PM2.5.Particulatematter,orPM,i

satypeofairpollutantconsistingofsmallparticlesofdifferentsizes.PM2.5hasadiameteroffewerthan2.5micrometers,about30timessmallerthanahumanhair.

Theseparticlesaresosmallthattheycangointoourrespiratorysystem(呼吸系统),resultinginlungandsystemicinflammation(炎症)andstress.Theteamf

oundthatsomethingassimpleasadailyvitaminBsupplementcouldpotentiallyreducetheimpactofthetinyparticlesonthehumanbody,althoughtheystressedthattheres

earchwasinitsearlystagesandthesamplesizewassmall.Forthisstudy,10volunteerswereinitiallyexposedtocleanairandgivenaplacebo(安慰剂)tochecktheir

responses.ThegroupthentookanotherplaceboforfourweeksbeforebeingexposedtoheavilypollutedairfromdowntownTo

ronto,whereanestimated1，000carspasseveryhour.Thebadairwasdeliveredtothevolunteersthroughan“oxygen－type”facema

sk.Theexperimentwasthenrepeated,witheachvolunteertakingaBvitaminsupplementdailymadeupof2.5mgoffolicacid,50mgofvitaminB6,and1mgofv

itaminB12.B6canbefoundinliver,chickenandnuts,andB12infish,meat,eggs,milkandsomecereals.TheresearchersfoundthatfourweeksofB

vitaminsupplementsreducedthedamageofPM2.5exposureby28%－76%.Theresultshighlighthowpreventionatanindividuallevelcouldbeusedtofighttheharmfuleff

ectsofPM2.5.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。吸入人体内的PM2.5(细颗粒物)会导致疾病。不过，研究发现维生素B在一定程度上能降低PM2.5的危害。5．WhyisPM2.5harmfultoourhealth?A．Itpollutesandpoisonsth

eair.B．Itistoomuchtobegotridof.C．Itcarriesvirusesanddiseases.D．Itiseasilybreathedinanddamagesourbody.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thesepart

iclesaresosmall...inflammation(炎症)andstress.”可知，PM2.5(细颗粒物)很小，能进入我们的呼吸系统，导致肺部和全身炎症。6．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A．Theprocessoftherese

archwasnotscientific.B．Thiskindofresearchhasbeendonemanytimes.C．Furtherstudiesareneededtoconfirmtheirfindings.D．VitaminBishardtoo

btaininpeople’sdailylife.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“althoughtheystressedthattheresearchwasinitsearlystagesandthesamplesizewassmall.”可知，该项研究处于初级阶

段且样本规模小，因此还需要更多的研究来证明研究团队的发现。7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Internationalresearchershaveanewfinding.B．Vi

taminBcouldreducethedamageofPM2.5.C．Particulatematterdoesgreatharmtoourhealth.D．Emissioncontrolandregulatio

narebadlyneeded.B解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段和第二段谈到PM2.5的定义以及PM2.5的危害；第三到五段告诉我们维生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。所以B项最能概括文章主旨。8．Thenewstudywasprobablypublished________．A．inas

ciencejournalB．onagovernmentwebsiteC．inafashionmagazineD．inamedicaltextbookA解析：文章出处题。该文的内容为科学研究发现，很可能出自科学

期刊。所以A项正确。Ⅱ完形填空(2018·西宁三校联考)Iwaslookingthroughsomeoldphotoalbumstheotherday.Ihad__1__donethatmanytimesbeforebutIfeltasud

den__2__toseethemagain.Ifoundmyself__3__somanybeautifulmemoriesfrommychildhood.TherewasmydearNanagivingmeathorou

gh__4__whenIwasanewbornbaby.Therewasmeandmybrotherstandinginfrontoftheworld’sugliest__5__ourfavoriteChristmastree.TherewasmybeautifulMom__6__

meonherlap.Thenthepicturesseemed__7__allofasuddenbecausemyeyeswerewet.Ijustcouldn’t__8__thetears.“Wh

atisgoingon？”I__9__．Ihadn’tcriedthelasttime.Butwhatwas__10__now?IsoonsawthatitwasIwhochanged.Ihad__11__

．Myspirithadwalkedalittlefurtherdownthe__12__oflove.Irealizedaslongastheycamewithawarmheart，weteyeswere__1

3__tobeashamedof.IsmiledandIfeltMomandNanasmiling__14__onmefromHeaven.LeoBuscagliasaid：“I’mnotafraidof__15__．Theyc

leanoutmyeyeballs.”Ithinktheycleanoutour__16__aswell.Theyhelpustowashawayourpain，fearandgrief(悲伤)．Theyhelpusto__17__ou

rloveandgoodness.Theyhelpustobecomewhoweare__18__tobe.Thenexttimeyoufeelyourtearsstarting，justletthem__19__．Lifeisfullofsmilesandtears.Onlybyallowin

gthembothcanwe__20__live.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。再次看老相册时，作者重温了童年的一些美好回忆，并流下了眼泪。作者从而感悟到生活中充满欢笑和眼泪，只有允许它们两者都存在，我们才能真正地生活。1．A.neverB．everC．alreadyD．nearlyC解析

：根据下文的“manytimesbefore”以及“Ihadn’tcriedthelasttime.”可知，作者应该不止一次看过这些老相册，故此处表示作者之前已经(already)多次看过这些老相册了。2．A.appealB．sadnessC

．fearD．urgeD解析：此处表示作者突然有再次看老相册的冲动(urge)。appeal“恳求”；sadness“悲伤”；fear“害怕”。3．A.shapingB．relivingC．escapin

gD．buildingB解析：此处表示作者重温(reliving)了许多来自童年时期的美好回忆。shape“塑造”；escape“逃避”；build“建造”。4．A.bathB．speechC．hugD．surve

yA解析：根据下文的“whenIwasanewbornbaby”可知，此处表示作者还是个新生儿时，奶奶给她彻底洗澡，故选A项。5．A.andB．butC．orD．asB解析：空前的“theworld’sugliest”和空后的

“ourfavorite”之间为转折关系，故用并列连词but。6．A.spinningB．possessingC．holdingD．walkingC解析：根据下文的“onherlap”可知，此处应表示“我漂

亮的妈妈把我抱着放在她的腿上”。hold意为“抱着；托着”，符合语境。spin“快速旋转”；possess“拥有”；walk“走；遛”。7．A.beautifulB．blankC．abnormalD．

vagueD解析：上文提到了作者正在看老照片，根据下文的“becausemyeyeswerewet...thetears”可知作者流泪了。根据常识可知，此处表示这些老照片变得模糊(vague)了。beautiful“漂亮的”；blank“空白的”；abnor

mal“不正常的”。8．A.fightbackB．fightwithC．fightforD．fightagainstA解析：根据上文的“becausemyeyeswerewet”和下文的“Ihadn’tcriedthelastti

me.But...”可知，作者这次看老照片的时候哭了，此处表示作者遏制不住眼泪。fightback“忍住；抑制住”，符合语境。fightwith“与……争斗”；fightfor“努力争取”；fightagainst“对抗”。9．A.foundB．wonde

redC．hesitatedD．discussedB解析：作者以前看老照片没有哭，而这次看老照片却哭了。所以作者想知道(wondered)发生了什么。find“发现，找到”；hesitate“犹豫，迟疑”；discuss“讨论”。10．A.heartbreakingB．wrongC．diff

erentD．disturbingC解析：根据下文的“IsoonsawthatitwasIwhochanged.”可知，作者很快明白，是她自己和以前不一样了。故之前作者想知道的问题是“现在有什么是不同的呢”。故选C项。11．

A.grownB．misunderstoodC．insistedD．struggledA解析：根据下文的“Myspirithadwalkedalittlefurtherdownthe______oflove.”可知，此处应表示作者的心灵已经在爱的道路(path)上走得更远了一点了

，即作者已经成长(grown)了。12．A.feastB．pathC．expectationD．circleB解析：参见上题解析。feast“宴会”；expectation“期望”；circle“圈子”。13．A.ever

ythingB．somethingC．anythingD．nothingD解析：根据上文的“aslongastheycamewithawarmheart”以及下文的“Ismiled”可知，该句表示含泪的眼睛没有什么(nothing)可羞愧的，只要它们伴随着一颗温暖的心而来。14．A

.forwardB．upwardsC．downD．behindC解析：根据下文的“onmefromHeaven”可知，此处表示作者感到妈妈和奶奶从天堂向下(down)冲着自己微笑。15．A.tearsB

．failuresC．deathsD．illnessesA解析：根据语境尤其是下文的“Theycleanoutmyeyeballs.”可知，此处表示“眼泪清洗了我的眼球”，故选tears。16．A.competenceB．insideC．identificationD．development

B解析：根据下文的“Theyhelpustowashawayourpain，fearandgrief(悲伤)．Theyhelpusto...tobe.”可知，此处表示眼泪不仅清洗了我们的眼球，也清洗了我们的内心(inside)。competence“能力”；identification

“辨认”；development“发展”。17．A.lookthroughB．cleanoutC．learnfromD．reconnecttoD解析：第一段提到老照片让作者的美好回忆重现，故这里应该是

表示“眼泪帮助我们重新找回我们的爱和善良”。reconnectto“重新连接”，在这里引申为“重新找回”。lookthrough“浏览”；cleanout“把……清洗干净”；learnfrom“向……学习”。18．A.usedB．remindedC．forcedD．me

antD解析：此处表示眼泪可以帮助我们成为我们想成为的人。bemeanttodo“打算；想要”。19．A.separateB．stayC．flowD．disappearC解析：根据上文提到的眼泪的好处可知，此处表示下次你感觉到眼泪开始流的时候，那么就让它们流

下来吧。故选C项。20．A.trulyB．roughlyC．generallyD．tentativelyA解析：生活中充满笑和泪，只有允许它们都存在，我们才能真正地(truly)生活。roughly“粗略地”；generally“大体上”；tentatively“试探性地”

。