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Ⅰ阅读理解ADon’thaveplentyoftimeforreading？Ifyouareinterestedinnon-fictionbooks，herearegoodchoicesforyou.ARoomof

One’sOwnThisessaybyEnglishwriterVirginiaWoolfisbasedonherseverallecturesgiventotwowomen’scollegesatCambridgeUniversityin1928.Init，Woolfdescribe

sthatit’scircumstancenottalentalonethatallowsmentobemoresuccessfulatwriting.Women，inotherwords，spendsomuchtimecooking，cleaning，andtendingtothei

rchildrenthattheyhavenotimeleftforart.Towritewell，therefore，awomanmusthave“aroomofherown”.Whileonitssurface，thisessayappearstob

eonlyaboutwriting，itisactuallyaboutwealthandclass，freedomandimprisonment，andthepowerstrugglebetweensexes.TheArtofWarWrittenbyancientCh

inesemilitarystrategistSunZi，TheArtofWariswidelyconsideredtobeoneofthebestbooksaboutmilitarystrategy(军事战略)inhumanhistory.Consisting

of13chapters，eachdealingwithaseparateaspectabouthowtofightawar，thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguagesandhasthousands

ofeditions.Forcenturies，ithasbeenusedtotrainmilitaryleadersforitsdetailedstudyofmilitarystrategyandeffectiveleadership.LettertoMyDaugh

terThisbookofessaysandpoemsbyMayaAngelou，arespectableAmericanpoet，iswrittenfor“thedaughtersheneverhad”—

themillionsofwomen，bothyoungandold，whosheconsiderstobeher“family”.Fromtheviewpointofacaring，olderrelative，thisbookcontai

nslessonsselectedfromherownlifeexperiences，includingthebirthofheronlychild，ason，aswellasthedevelopmentandlossoffriendship.ABriefHistoryofTimeIfy

ou’reshortontime，thenwhynotreadabout，well，thecreationoftime？Thisbook，firstpublishedin1998frombrilliantscientistandmathemati

cianStephenHawking，exploresmindbendingquestionsaboutthecreationoftheuniverse，includingifandwhenitwillend，andifso，how.Despiteitsheavy

subjectmatter，Hawkingaddressesthesequestionsinawaythat’seasytounderstand，evenforthosewhoknowlittleaboutphy

sics.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了四本纪实类文学作品。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefourbooks?A．ABriefHistoryofTimemainlyfocusesonthematteroftime.B．L

ettertoMyDaughterisactuallyacommonfamilyletter.C．TheArtofWargivesadviceonhowtobemilitaryleaders.D．ARoomofOne’sOwnismorethana

boutwriting.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whileonits...betweensexes.”可知，虽然表面上这篇文章只跟写作有关，但是实际上它是有关财富和社会等级，自由和监禁以及两性之间的权力之争的，所以D项正确。m

orethan意思是“不仅仅”。2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Asaphysicist，Hawkingisequallyfamousforwriting.B．M

ayadevotesherselftofightingforwomen’srights.C．ThebookbySunZiishelpfulinpolicy­making.D．Woolflooksdownuponmeninwritin

g.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“TheArtofWar...tofightawar”可知，TheArtofWar对政策的制定有帮助。所以选项C正确。3．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tomakecompa

risonsbetweenthefourbooks.B．Torecommendthefourbookstoreaders.C．Tomakecommentsonthefourbooks.D．Topromo

tesalesofthefourbooks.B解析：写作意图题。根据第一段可知，写作本文的目的是向读者介绍文中提到的四本作品。所以选项B正确。B(2018·昆明高三复习适应性检测)Spidermonkeyshavelong，thinarmswithhook­l

ikehandsthatallowthemtoswingthroughthetrees.Theydonothaveopposablethumbs(对生拇指)．Thebrown­headedspidermonkeyhasaprehensile(缠绕性

的)tail，whichmeansitcangraspandcanbeusedlikeafifthlegtograbtrees.Duringtheday，thespidermonkeysearchesforfruits，whichmakeupthemai

npartofitsdiet.Theywillalsoeatflowers，seeds，leaves，andsmallinsectsduringthedryseasonwhenfruitsaren’tavail

able.Theyspendmostofthedaylighthoursclimbingandswingingthroughthehighbranchesoftrees.Thebrown­headedspidermonkeylivesinalargecommunityof

about20to100maleandfemalemonkeys.Theysplitintosmallergroupsforfeeding.Femalesusuallygivebirthtoonlyasingleb

abyeachyearortwo.Youngmonkeysarecarriedontheirmothers’stomachsuntilabout16weeksold.Thentheyarestrongenoughtorideontheirmothers’backs.Allbrown-headed

spidermonkeybabiesarebornwithpinkfacesandears.Spidermonkeyshugeachotherandwraptheirtailsaroundeachother.Theyareveryinte

lligentandhavestrongmemories.Theywerenamedspidermonkeysbecausetheylooklikespidersastheyhangupsidedownfromtheirtailswit

htheirarmsandlegsswinging.Theirgenus(属)nameisAteles，whichmeans“imperfect”.Thisreferstothefactthattheydon’thavethumbs.Huntingthebro

wn­headedspidermonkeyisnowbarredinEcuador，acountryinnorthwesternSouthAmerica，buthumanshavekilledthemfortheirmeatfor

hundredsofyears.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蜘蛛猴的特征和生活习性。4．Spidermonkeyslivemostlyon________．A．insectsB．fruitsC．flowersD．leavesB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Duringtheday，t

hespidermonkeysearchesforfruits，whichmakeupthemainpartofitsdiet.”可知，在白天，蜘蛛猴寻找水果，这是它们饮食的主要成分。据此可知，它们以水果为主食。liveon意思是“以„„为主食

”。5．Whatcanwelearnaboutspidermonkeys?A．Theyhavefivelegs.B．Theyliveinsmallgroups.C．Theirtailscantaketheirweight.D．Theirgenusisthesameass

piders’．C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theywerenamed...theirarmsandlegsswinging.”可知，它们可以靠尾巴倒挂在树上，让四肢(在空中)摇摆着。由此推断，蜘蛛猴的尾巴可以

承担体重。所以选C。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barred”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Permitted.B．Forbidden.C．Encouraged.D．Ignor

ed.B解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知，厄瓜多尔是南美洲西北部的一个国家，那里的居民虽然几百年来猎杀蜘蛛猴以获取肉食，但是现在这种行为已经被禁止。此句采用but一词前后对比介绍蜘蛛猴在这个国家的今昔不同状况，forbid意思是“禁止”。所以B选项正确。7．Wheredonewly­b

ornspidermonkeysstay?A．Inalargecommunity.B．Intreeswithhighbranches.C．Ontheirmothers’backs.D．Ontheirmothers’stomachs.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Y

oungmonkeysarecarriedontheirmothers’stomachsuntilabout16weeksold.Thentheyarestrongenoughtorideontheirmoth

ers’backs.”可知，刚出生的小猴大约前16周生活在母猴肚子上。故选D。Ⅱ完形填空(2018·云南检测)Iusedtobelievecourtesy(礼仪)wasathingofthepast.Veryseld

omhaveIcomeacross__1__humanbeingsinthismoderneraoftheso­calledGenerationX.Recently，Ihadtochangemythinking，whenIcame__2__withjustsuc

hahumanbeing.Ihadgonetoafashionable__3__place，withmytwo__4__.Theplacewascrowdedwiththeusual__5__crowdandwehadtoclimbasteepflighto

fstairsinordertofinda(n)__6__table.Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks，wewereatthesteepdescent(下来)downthestairs，wherethe__7__spac

emadeclimbingdownverydifficult，withhardlyanyspaceforanotherpersontoclimbuporcomedown.__8__Iwasinthemiddleofmydesc

ent，aman__9__themainentranceoftherestaurantwhichwasrightinfrontofthe__10__.IwassureIwouldbe__11__roughlybythismanwhowantedtogoupinahurry.I__12__comin

gdownasfastasIcould，holdingontothebanister(栏杆)．Mydaughterswerealreadydown，__13__meworriedly，hopingIwo

uldreachthemsoon.Nearlyreachingthem，Inoticedtheman__14__standingnearthedoor.Ireachedmydaughtersand__15__thestrangerattheent

rancedoorwhichhekeptholdingopen.Ilookedbackthinkinghewasstill__16__thedoor，decidingwhethertogoinorfindanotherlesscrowdedplace.I__17__himg

oingupthestairs，twoatatime.Itoldmydaughtersaboutitandallthreeofusfelt__18__thatwedidnoteventhankthegentlemanwhowas__19__holdingthedooropenf

orusladiestopassthroughbeforegoingup.Weapplaudedhisgoodmannersfor__20__，waitingforustocomedownbeforegoinguphimselfandalso

holdingthemainentrancedooropenforustogoout.Tilldate，Irememberthisgentleman.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在拥挤的咖啡馆，一位非常

有礼貌的绅士一直在门口等作者下楼并开着门以方便作者她们出去，之后自己才上楼。作者对这一行为表示了感激与赞赏。1．A.politeB．educatedC．stubbornD．honestA解析：A项意为“有礼貌的”；B项意为“受过教育的”；C项

意为“固执的”；D项意为“诚实的”。根据第一段第一句中的“courtesy(礼仪)wasathingofthepast”可知，“我”很少遇见有礼貌的人。故选A。2．A.necktoneckB．handinhandC．facetofaceD．stepbystepC解析：A项

意为“并驾齐驱，不分上下”；B项意为“手挽手”；C项意为“面对面”；D项意为“逐步地，渐渐地”。根据下文内容可知，“我们”是面对面遇见的。故选C。3．A.fishB．fruitC．coffeeD．flow

erC解析：根据下文中的“Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks”可知，“我”去了一个咖啡馆。故选C。4．A.colleaguesB．daughtersC．friendsD．studentsB解析：根据第三段最后一句中的“

Mydaughterswerealreadydown”可知，“我”带着两个女儿。故选B。5．A.angryB．worriedC．nervousD．loudD解析：根据上文中的“Theplacewascrowded”可推断，这个地方人多

嘈杂。D项意为“喧闹的”，符合语境。故选D。6．A.emptyB．woodenC．cleanD．windowA解析：A项意为“空的”；B项意为“木制的”；C项意为“干净的”；D项意为“窗户”。根据上文中的“crowded”以及“我们”上楼梯可知，“我们”是为了寻找一个空桌。故选A。7．A.o

penB．vastC．privateD．narrowD解析：A项意为“开阔的”；B项意为“巨大的”；C项意为“私人的”；D项意为“狭窄的”。根据下文中的“madeclimbingdownverydifficult，withhardlyanyspacefor

anotherpersontoclimbuporcomedown”可知，楼梯很狭窄，所以下楼很困难。故选D。8．A.UnlessB．WheneverC．AsD．SinceC解析：句意为：当我下楼梯下到一

半时，一个人走进了餐厅„„根据上下分句之间的关系可知，此处应用as引导时间状语从句，意为“当„„时”。故选C。9．A.leftB．enteredC．noticedD．ignoredB解析：根据语境可知，此人应是走进餐厅的正门。故

选B。10．A.tableB．crowdC．restaurantD．stairsD解析：根据上下文语境可知，餐厅的正门就在楼梯的前面。故选D。11．A.pushedB．liftedC．pressedD．placedA解析：A项意为“

推”；B项意为“举起”；C项意为“挤压”；D项意为“放置”。根据语境可知，因为楼梯很狭窄，所以“我”认为这个男人上楼时肯定会粗鲁地挤“我”。故选A。12．A.stoppedB．keptC．avoidedD．suggestedB解析：根据语境可知，为了避免被挤，“我”尽可能地继续下楼梯。ke

epdoingsth.意为“继续做某事”，符合语境。故选B。13．A.lookingafterB．lookingaroundC．lookingdownonD．lookingupatD解析：A项意为“照顾”；B项意为“朝四

周看”；C项意为“看不起”；D项意为“向上看，抬头看”。根据本句中的“Mydaughterswerealreadydown”可知，女儿们已经下楼，“我”还在楼梯上，因此，女儿们应是抬头看“我”。故选D。14．A.oftenB．seldom

C．stillD．evenC解析：根据语境可知，“我”快下完楼时，这个男人还站在门口。故选C。15．A.passedB．struckC．helpedD．scoldedA解析：句意为：我来到女儿们旁边，与这个陌生男人在门口擦

肩而过，而他一直为我们开着门。故选A。16．A.onB．atC．inD．beyondB解析：此处表示“在门口”，应用介词at。故选B。17．A.heardB．preventedC．sawD．caughtC解析：根据上文中的“Ilookedback”可知，此

处表示“我”看到的景象。故选C。18．A.ashamedB．happyC．relievedD．surprisedA解析：A项意为“感到愧疚(或遗憾)的”；B项意为“高兴的”；C项意为“松了一口气的”；D项意为“吃惊的”。根据本句中的“wedidnotev

enthankthegentleman”可知，“我们”因没有感谢这位先生而感到遗憾。故选A。19．A.graduallyB．actuallyC．finallyD．immediatelyB解析：根据上文语境可知，“我”原以为这个男人等在门口是在决定是进去还是寻找另一个人少的地方，现在知道他实际上是在

为“我们”开着门，等“我们”出去。B项意为“实际上，事实上”，符合语境。故选B。20．A.allB．eitherC．noneD．bothD解析：下文介绍了这个人两个有礼貌的行为，所以此处应用both，意为“两者都”。故选D。