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章末排查练(三)授课提示:对应学生用书第75页排查50个重要反应的化学、离子方程式1.钠及其重要化合物①Na和H2O的反应________________________________________________________________________
②Na和CH3COOH的反应________________________________________________________________________③Na2O2和H2O的反应_________________________________________
_______________________________④NaH和水的反应________________________________________________________________________⑤向NaOH溶液
中通入过量CO2________________________________________________________________________⑥将Na2CO3溶液与石灰乳混合________
________________________________________________________________⑦向Na2CO3溶液中通入过量CO2________________________________________________________
________________⑧将Na2CO3和Ca(HCO3)2混合________________________________________________________________________⑨将含等物质的
量NaHCO3溶液和NaOH溶液混合________________________________________________________________________⑩将含等物质的量NaHCO3溶液与澄清石灰水混合____________
____________________________________________________________⑪将NaHCO3溶液与少量澄清石灰水混合______________________
__________________________________________________⑫向饱和Na2CO3溶液中通入过量CO2气体__________________________________________________________
______________答案:①2Na+2H2O===2Na++2OH-+H2↑②2Na+2CH3COOH===2CH3COO-+2Na++H2↑③2Na2O2+2H2O===4Na++4OH-+O2↑④NaH+
H2O===Na++OH-+H2↑⑤OH-+CO2===HCO-3⑥CO2-3+Ca(OH)2===CaCO3↓+2OH-⑦CO2-3+CO2+H2O===2HCO-3⑧CO2-3+Ca2+===CaCO3↓⑨HCO-3+OH-===CO2-3+H2O⑩HCO-
3+Ca2++OH-===CaCO3↓+H2O⑪2HCO-3+Ca2++2OH-===CaCO3↓+CO2-3+2H2O⑫2Na++CO2-3+CO2+H2O===2NaHCO3↓2.铝及其重要化合物⑬Al和NaOH溶液的反应___
_____________________________________________________________________⑭Al(OH)3和NaOH溶液的反应_______________________________________________________
_________________⑮Al(OH)3和盐酸的反应________________________________________________________________________⑯Al2O3和NaOH的反应__
______________________________________________________________________⑰Al2O3和盐酸的反应_______________________________________
_________________________________⑱NaAlO2和过量盐酸的反应_____________________________________________________________
___________⑲向NaAlO2溶液中通入过量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________⑳将NaAlO2与NaHCO3混合____
____________________________________________________________________○21将NaAlO2与AlCl3溶液混合_________________________________________________________
_______________○22向AlCl3溶液中加入过量NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________○23向AlCl3溶液中加入过量氨水_
_______________________________________________________________________○24将AlCl3溶液与NaHCO3溶液混合__________________________________________________
______________________答案:⑬2Al+2OH-+2H2O===2AlO-2+3H2↑⑭Al(OH)3+OH-===AlO-2+2H2O⑮Al(OH)3+3H+===Al3++3H2O⑯Al2O3+2OH-===2AlO-2+H2
O⑰Al2O3+6H+===2Al3++3H2O⑱AlO-2+4H+===Al3++2H2O⑲AlO-2+CO2+2H2O===Al(OH)3↓+HCO-3⑳AlO-2+HCO-3+H2O===Al(OH)3↓+CO2-3○21
213AlO-2+Al3++6H2O===4Al(OH)3↓○22Al3++4OH-===AlO-2+2H2O○23Al3++3NH3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓+3NH+4○24Al3++3HCO-3===Al
(OH)3↓+3CO2↑3.铁及其重要化合物○25Fe和过量稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________○26Fe高温下和
水蒸气的反应________________________________________________________________________○27Fe2O3和Al的反应___________________________
_____________________________________________○28Fe2O3高温下和CO的反应______________________________________________
__________________________○29FeCl3溶液和Cu的反应________________________________________________________________________○30FeCl3与
KSCN的反应________________________________________________________________________○31向FeCl2溶液中加入等物质的量的Na2O2____________
____________________________________________________________○32向FeCl2溶液中加入NaClO_______________________________________________________________
_________○33Fe(OH)2长时间置于空气中________________________________________________________________________○34Fe3O4和稀盐
酸的反应________________________________________________________________________○35Fe3O4和稀HNO3的反应____________
____________________________________________________________○36FeO和稀盐酸的反应_____________________________________________
___________________________○37FeO和稀HNO3的反应__________________________________________________________________
______○38Fe(OH)2和稀盐酸的反应________________________________________________________________________○39Fe(OH)2和稀HNO3的反应____________________
____________________________________________________○40Fe(OH)3和HI的反应_______________________________________________
_________________________○41FeBr2和少量Cl2的反应________________________________________________________________________○42FeBr2和Cl2等物质的量的反
应________________________________________________________________________○43FeBr2和过量Cl2的反应_______________________________________
_________________________________答案:○25Fe+4H++NO-3===Fe3++NO↑+2H2O○263Fe+4H2O(g)=====高温Fe3O4+4H2○27Fe2O3+2Al=====高温2Fe+Al2O
3○28Fe2O3+3CO=====高温2Fe+3CO2○292Fe3++Cu===2Fe2++Cu2+○30Fe3++3SCN-Fe(SCN)3○314Fe2++4Na2O2+6H2O===4Fe(OH)3↓+8Na++O2↑○322Fe2++
ClO-+4OH-+H2O===2Fe(OH)3↓+Cl-○334Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O===4Fe(OH)3○34Fe3O4+8H+===2Fe3++Fe2++4H2O○353Fe3O4+28H++NO-3===9Fe3++NO↑+14H2O○36FeO+2H+==
=Fe2++H2O○373FeO+10H++NO-3===3Fe3++NO↑+5H2O○38Fe(OH)2+2H+===Fe2++2H2O○393Fe(OH)2+10H++NO-3===3Fe3++NO↑+8H2O○402Fe(OH)3
+6H++2I-===2Fe2++I2+6H2O○412Fe2++Cl2===2Fe3++2Cl-○422Fe2++2Br-+2Cl2===2Fe3++Br2+4Cl-○432Fe2++4Br-+3Cl2===2Fe3++2Br2+6Cl-4.铜及其重要化合物○44Cu在硫
蒸气中燃烧________________________________________________________________________○45铜在空气中生成铜绿________________________
________________________________________________○46用惰性电极电解CuSO4溶液_______________________________________________________
_________________○47Cu和浓HNO3的反应_____________________________________________________________________
___○48Cu和稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________○49Cu和浓H2SO4的反应____________________________
____________________________________________○50胆矾受热分解_________________________________________________________________
_______答案:○442Cu+S=====△Cu2S○452Cu+O2+CO2+H2O===Cu2(OH)2CO3○462Cu2++2H2O=====通电2Cu+4H++O2↑○47Cu+4H++2NO-3===Cu2++2N
O2↑+2H2O○483Cu+8H++2NO-3===3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2O○49Cu+2H2SO4(浓)=====△Cu2++SO2-4+SO2↑+2H2O