高考英语二轮复习语精讲精练专题十四:特殊句式(含解析)

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高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十四:特殊句式Ⅰ.强调句一.强调句的基本形式1、强调句的陈述句形式:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它部分。注意:被强调部分通常是主语、宾语或状语;强调主语且指人的时候可以用who,其他一律用that。例如:Hemetanoldfriendinth

eparkyesterday.主语谓语宾语地点状语时间状语对句中各部分进行强调:(1)强调主语:Itwashewho/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.(2)强调宾语:Itwasanoldfriendthathe

metintheparkyesterday.(3)强调地点状语:Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday.(4)强调时间状语:Itwasyesterdaythathem

etanoldfriendinthepark.2、强调句的一般疑问句形式:Is/wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分?①Wasithewho/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyester

day?②Wasitanoldfriendthathemetintheparkyesterday?③Wasitintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday?④Wasit

yesterdaythathemetanoldfriendinthepark?3、强调句的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其它部分?①Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?②Whowasitth

atbrokethewindow?③WherewasitthatyouputyourEnglishbook?④Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?⑤Whyisitthathedoesn'tliket

hebook?⑥Howwasitthathegothurt?注意:(1)强调主语时,谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致。①Itishewho/thatoftendoesgooddeeds.②ItisIwho/thatamlooki

ngforyou.(2)构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词只用that或who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that或who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原

句谓语动词是与过去相关的时态,如一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时等,用Itwas…,与现在或将来相关的时态用Itis…。(3)若强调句的疑问句形式放在宾语从句的位置,则需要用陈述句的形式。例如:①Doyoukn

owwhoitisthatwillteachusEnglish?②Ireallydon'tknowwhenitwasthathewenttobed.二.not…until…句型的强调句句型为:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调

部分+that+其它部分。普通句:Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhiswifecameback.强调句:Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.注意:此句型只用until,不用till;因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了,t

hat后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。三.谓语动词的强调1、Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语,如需要强调谓语,用助动词do/does或did。例如:①Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.②Shedoesloveyou.③Hedidwriteto

youlastweek.2、注意:此种强调只用do/does和did,第三人称单数用does,过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。强调句的验证方法:先看句子里有没有It、be动词和that,如果有,去掉Itis/was…that结构,看原句是否为一个完整的句子,如果是,则为

强调句,否则就不是强调句。Ⅱ.倒装句倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装(fullinversion)和部分倒装(partialinversion)一、部

分倒装部分倒装可以用于多种时态,常见的情况有:1.句首状语为否定词(短语)或半否定词的句子要用部分倒装。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,not,little,few,nowhere,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,inno

way,bynomeans,atnotime,innocase,undernocircumstance等。例如:①NeverwillIgivein.②NotaworddidIsaytohim.③Ican'tswim.Neithercanhe.④LittledoeshecareaboutwhatI

said.⑤Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.⑥Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.⑦Hardlyhadhearrivedatth

estationwhenthetrainleft.⑧Bynomeanswillshemarryyou.注意:Neither…nor…所引导的并列句,前后分句均用部分倒装。例如:NeitherdoIknowhername,nordoesTom.2."

Only+状语(副词、介词短语、从句等)"放在句首,句子要部分倒装。例如:①OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.②Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.③On

lywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.注意:“only+主语”位于句首时不倒装。例如:①Butonlylovecansay,tryagainorwal

kaway.②Onlyyoucanhelpme.3.so或so引导的短语放在句首作状语,要部分倒装。例如:①Isawthefilm,sodidMary.②Soangrywashethathecouldhardlyspeak.③Sofrightenedwa

shethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.④Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.⑤SofastdidherunthatIcouldhardlykeepupwithhim.4."Notonly

+分句,butalso+分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。例如:①NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.②Notonlydidhecome,butalsohewasveryhappy.③Notonlywaseveryt

hingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship(wastakenaway).注意:notonly...butalso...连接主语时,不倒装。例如:Notonlyth

emotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.5.Notuntil放在句首要用部分倒装;若是复句,从句不倒装,主句倒装。例如:①Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbik

e.②NotuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.6.在以often,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或频率副词(短语)开头的句子中,要

用部分倒装结构。例如:①Oftenhavewemadethattest.②ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.③Nowandagaindidshecometoseeme.7.虚拟语气的条件从句中,省

略了if后,were,had,should等放在条件句主语前,够成倒装。例如:①WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.=IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.②Shoulditra

intomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffvisitingBeijing.=Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffvisitingBeijing.③Hadyouworkedhardatcollege,youwouldha

vegotabetterjob.=Ifyouhadworkedhardatcollege,youwouldhavegotabetterjob.8.由as,though,however构成的让步状语从句,从句要倒装,此种倒装结构比较特殊,一般为:形容词(副词或名词等)+as/thoug

h+主语+谓语;however+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语。例如:①Childasheis,heknowssomuchabouthistory.②Tiredasheis,hewon'tstoptohavearest.③Tryastheymigh

t,theyweren'tabletoovertaketheleaders.④Tryaswemight,wewillneversurpasstheirachievements.⑤Howeverlateitis,motherwillwaitforhimtoh

avedinner.⑥Howeverhardtheytried,theyweren'tabletoovertaketheleaders.⑦Howeverhardwetry,wewillneversurpasstheirachiev

ements.二、完全倒装完全倒装通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构有:1.Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。例

如:①Thereisaprettygirlinthenextroom.②Therestoodadogbeforehim.③Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.2.在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里,要用全部倒装。即用“

Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主语"结构。例如:①Herecomesthegirl!②Theregoesthebell.③Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.④Nowcomesyourtur

n.注意:如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如:①Hereyouare.②Thereshecomes.3.表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。例如:①IncameMr.White.②Upwentthearr

owintotheair.③Outrushedthechildren.④Awaywenttheboy.注意:如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如:①Awayhewent.②Outtheyrushed.4.当表示地点的介词词组(如on

thewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首时,要用全部倒装。例如:①Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake

.②Herantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.③Eastofthelakelietwotowns.④Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.5.分词(代词)

+be+主语"结构。例如:①Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.②Buriedinthedeepseaareallkindsofseaanimalbodies.

③Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·特殊句式考点规律分析:短文改错及语法填空对特殊句式的考查主要涉及强调句型尤其是that的使用、倒装句尤其是助动词的选择以及助动词后面接动词原形、省略句等。特殊句式单句语法填

空真题训练:1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,阅读B)WhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.Onlyafter

ayearoffriendlydiscussion_______MsGaffinallysayyes.2.(2016·全国Ⅲ,阅读D)________(positive)anarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhis

newbook.3.(2016·江苏,34)Notuntilrecentlytheyencouragethedevelopmentoftourists-relatedactivitiesintheru

ralareas.4.(2016·天津,13)Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelthecoachpicksuptourists.5.(2016·北京,阅读B)“It’stheocean________makesRockaways

ospecial.”shesays.6.(2016·北京,完形)Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewoulddie,andso________thesickchi

ldrenofNome.7.(2016·四川,阅读D)Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,the________(great)burdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight

.8.(2015·天津,3)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice_______sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.9.(2015·湖南,23)Onlyaftertalkingtot

wostudentsdidI_________thathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.(discover)10.(2015·湖南,21)Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome_______

______Irealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.11.(2015·湖南,24)Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________(

leave)inthewronghands.学习札记:________________________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________语法专题十四:特殊句式特殊句式单句语法填空真题

训练:1.did[考查only+状语置于句首,句子用部分倒装,所以此处用助动词did。]2.Themorepositive[考查themore...themore...结构,越……就越……。]3.did[考查倒装句。句意为:直到最近他们

才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Notuntilrecently可知,本句要用部分倒装形式,encourage表示的动作已经发生,故用一般过去时。]4.that[考查强调句型的判定。句意为:你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看

本句是不是强调句型:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将Itis/was与that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断,“Thecoachpicksuptouristsatthehotel.”句子成分完整

,句意明确,故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点,故空格处应填that。]5.that[考查强调句型。]6.would[考查so的倒装结构,前面用了would,后面也用would。]7.greater[考查themore...themore...结构。]8.did9.di

scover10.that11.left

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