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专题07新闻报道类PPPaaarrrttt111题题题型型型总总总览览览【题型综述】在信息时代的今天，我们必须关注国内外的重要事件。因而时文报道类(也称新闻报道类)文章也是阅读理解中必不可少的。时文报道类文章一般以记叙文为

主。文章的特点是用非常简练的语言清楚地向读者阐述一件事。这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个事件(何时、何地、何人、何事、结果)——具体描述该事件(细节内容)——作者或其他人的看法和评价。不过，在表达方式上，作者会运用各种表达方式，如倒叙、插叙

等，思维的跳跃性较大。【技巧点拨】在做题时，既要重视时文类的标题和导语，也要重视每个段落的衔接。另外，这种文章中往往出现大量的陌生的人名或地名，在阅读时，要学会排除干扰。【读相关词】1.journalistn．记者，新闻

工作者2.publishvt.出版；发行3.professionaladj.专业的4.approvevt.赞成，批准5.statementn.声明，陈述6.announcev.宣布；宣告7.witnessv.见证；目击8.commentvt.&n

.评论9.themedia新闻界10.newssummary新闻摘要11.newsrelease新闻发布12.pressconference记者招待会13.reliablesource可靠新闻来源序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词Part2

真题感悟真题详解强重难词析长难句..Part3专题强化真题自测新题模拟14.anecdoten.趣闻轶事15.bodyn.新闻正文16.briefn.简讯17.columnn．专栏；栏目18.contributorn．投稿人19.covervt．采访;采写20.dailyn．日报21.d

eadlinen．截稿时间22.digestn．文摘23.feedbackn．信息反馈24.folo(=follow-up)n．连续报道25.headlinen．新闻标题；内容提要26.highlightsn.要闻27.journaslismn．新闻业;新闻学28.massmedia大众传播媒介

29.pressn．报界；新闻界30.articlen.文章31.photo＝photographn.照片32.titlen.标题，题目33.reportn．&vt.报道，报告34.featuren.特写，花絮35.criticismn.评论36.currentaffairs时事3

7.announcern.播音员38.columnistn.专栏作家39.editorn.编辑40.producern.制作人41.publishern.发行人42.updatevt.更新；校正43.exposevt.揭露44.advertisevt

.做广告45.advertisingsigns广告牌46.advertiseforsth.登广告征求/寻找……47.arousewidepublicconcern/drawwidepublicattention引起广泛的公众关注48.arrangeaninterview安排采访49.c

overanevent报道事件PPPaaarrrttt222真真真题题题感感感悟悟悟Passage1【真题详解】【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJourna

lofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcon

trarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithb

igappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthef

irst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasas

kedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinha

lfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortoo

kalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Fo

rthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresults

weresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironme

ntisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.Howev

er,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathin

personeatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?12．Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A．Foodsaf

ety.B．Movieviewership.C．Consumerdemand.D．Eatingbehavior.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A．Bigeaters.B．Over

weightpersons.C．Pickyeaters.D．Tallthinpersons.14．Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A．Toseehowshewouldaffectthepa

rticipants.B．Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C．Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D．Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.15．Onwhatba

sisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A．Howhungryweare.B．Howslimwewanttobe.C．Howweperceiveothers.D．Howwefeelaboutthefood

.【答案】12．D13．D14．A15．C【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Accordingtoarecentstudyinthe

JournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知，根据消费者研

究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。13．词义猜测题。根据前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavo

ideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the

beanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Totesttheeffec

tofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知

，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ifanov

erweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinp

ersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃

得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。【强重难词】1.appetiten.食欲；嗜好2.undergraduaten.大学本科生；大学肄业生adj.大学本科生的；大学肄业生的3.individuallyadv.个别地，单独地4.

participatein参加；参与5.viewershipn.（电视节目的）观众；收视率6.versionn.版本；译文；倒转术7.significantlyadv.显著地；相当数量地8.influentialadj.有影响的；有势力

的9.alargeportion,一大份10.consumptionhabits消费习惯11.contraryto与……相反【析长难句】1.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeci

allydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.【解析】本句中的whichincreasedherweightto180pounds.是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词fatsuit。【译文】但在一半的案例中，她穿了一套特别设计的肥胖

套装，使她的体重增加到180磅。【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________2.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideati

ngwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.【解析】本句是个主从复合句。其中contraryto…短语做状语，t

hat引导同位语从句；say后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句，宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句，这个定语从句修饰heavierpeople。【译文】现有的研究表明，你应该避免和点大份量饭的大胖

子一起吃饭，相反，你真正需要避免的是与食量大的却又高又瘦的人一起吃饭。【仿写】________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________3.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinflu

entialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.【解析】本句中的thatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluential是宾语从句，when引导的是时间状语从句。【译文】测试表明，社会环境对我们做决定的影响非

常大。【仿写】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________Passage2【真题详解】【2019浙江卷】Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStat

ioninLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”Peoplequicklycaughton

.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtoo

k,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboard

andtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohad

founda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcan

doforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbe

rtookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.Headdedthathehopespeoplei

nothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,”hesaid.

“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”21．Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inpara

graph1mean?A．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynott

iedtogether.22．WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A．Womentendedtobemoresociable.B．Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C．Economicproblems

weregettingworse.D．Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.23．WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A．Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B．T

oraisemoneyforhiscompany.C．Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D．Topromotekindnessandsympathy.21．C22．B23．D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上用别针别满了美元

，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。21．词义猜测题。根据第一段中ButatUnionStationinLosAngelesla

stmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可

知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上用别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故C项正确。22．推理判断题。根据第二段照片没给“

Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhada

brideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说：“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索

取。”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以泰勒·布里奇斯提到新娘是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B项正确。23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Brid

gessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.可知，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯开

展这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。故D项正确。【强重难词】1.stringn.线，弦，细绳；一串，一行2.beattachedto喜爱；附属于3.socio-economicadj.社会经济的4.comeuptov.达到；等于5.

apparentadj.显然的；表面上的6.campaignn.运动；活动；战役，军事行动；竞选7.showgenerosityandsympathy表现出慷慨和同情8.givethehelpingha

nd.伸出援助之手【析长难句】1.WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,【解析】句中的WhatIcan…引导主语从句，其中又含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词thefolks；整个句子

是主系表结构，thattheywerefullofsmiles是个表语从句。【译文】对于那些付出最多的人，我能说的是，他们充满了微笑。【仿写】_________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Headdedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttr

ysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.【解析】句中的thathehopespeopleinothercities…是宾语从句，其中and连接的trysimilarprojects…..和pos

ttheirownvideos…是两个并列的谓语。【译文】他补充说，他希望其他城市的人们也可以尝试类似的项目，并将自己的视频发布到互联网上。【仿写】______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________3.There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.【解析】本

句是个复合句，acertainfeeling后面的thatgivingcandoforyou和thatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost是两个并列的同位语从句，其中thatgavethemost又是一个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词those。【译文】

有一种感觉，付出可以为你带来好处，这在那些付出最多的人身上表现得很明显。【仿写】______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________PPPaaarrrttt333专专专题题题强强强化化化Passage1【真题自测】【2020·全国卷3】When"Riseof

thePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Butthe

yweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarr

ivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!"Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigita

lizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergr

aphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodha

sbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2

,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"have

drawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreat

mentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingc

oncerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.24.Whyd

idtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toe

xpressthankstosomefilmmakers.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."B.Thecreationofdigitalizedape

s.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes."D.Theperformanceofrealapes.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymea

n?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphabouta

nimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.TheycouldbetradedillegallyD.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】24.D25.B26.D27.A

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让

一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarriv

edwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制

作者表示感谢。故选D项。25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigital

izedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreat

eafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字

化人猿的创造。故选B项。26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个

非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivists

whosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，

其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。27.推理判断题。根据最后一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmento

ftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andthereareq

uestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedint

heSates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件

。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。Passage2【真题自测】【2016·全国卷1】GrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathird－generationnativeofBrowns

ville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwith

theirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerations

regardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.Nostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentsl

ikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.Even

PresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddau

ghters.Accordingtoastudybygrandparents.com,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson'sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfa

mily.Two－thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenou

ghorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfa

milyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.”Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteveryg

randparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Having

yourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.5．W

hywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhertomake

morefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.6．WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．

Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.7．WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleint

he1960s?A．Theywereunsureofthemselves.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparent

s.D．Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.8．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?A．Makedecisionsinthebestinte

restsoftheirown.B．Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.C．Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.D．Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.【答案】5．A6．D7

．C8．A【解析】本文是一篇关于人与社会问题的报道类夹叙夹议文。通过描述部分祖父母选择搬去和孩子们生活在一起，以便为孩子们提供帮助，引发更多人的选择与思考。5．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Todayallthreege

nerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.”可知这次搬家给他们带来了更紧密的家庭联系。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据第二段结尾处“...83p

ercentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelieve

morefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.”可知83%的人认为Mrs.Robinson的决定会影响美国家庭，2/3的人相信更多家庭会效仿，所以“多数

人认为这是一种趋势”。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenought

oprovewecoulddoitonourown,”可知那时的人们一心希望离家越远越好、越快越好。本题出错主要原因在于考生对“can’t...enough表示越……越好”不熟悉，而按字面理解成了“没能力离家足够远”。故选C。8．推理

判断题。第四段首句“Movingisnotforeveryone”已经说明“移居并非适合每一个人”，再结合下文“Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildi

sstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.”可知“（祖父母）得知孩子们在异地艰苦的生活，是很难过的，但（祖父母）放弃自己熟悉的生活也许会更难过”，所以推断出作者建议“作选择时要慎重，要

以自己最大的需求为衡量标准”。故选A。【点睛】社会现象类的文本是备考的重要部分，此类文本不仅要求学生读懂事实信息，还要理解作者的意图态度。所以备考中注意扫清用词句式等阅读障碍，更要教会学生读懂字里行间话外之音。题目设置上既关注细节

信息，又关注推理判断和观点态度。Passage3【新题模拟】（2021·山西太原市·高三期末）AntForest,agreeninitiativebytheworld’sleadingpaymentandlife

styleplatformAlipay,receivedthe“U.N.ChampionsoftheEarth”award,theUN’shighestenvironmentalhonor.ItwasgiventoAntForestformotivat

inghalfabillionpeopletoadoptaneco-friendlyandgreenerlifestyle,greatlycontributingtoecologicalprotectionwiththehelpo

fdigitaltechnology.Alipayachievedthisbyinspiringitsuserstodoenvironmentally-friendlythings,suchaswal

king,usingpublictransportation,goingpaperlessintheofficeandmoretoearn“greenenergypoints”.Thesepointscanthenbeusedtowaterandgrowtheirownvirtu

alyoungtrees.Afterthevirtualyoungtreeshavegrownuponline,AntForestwillplantrealtreessomewhereinChina.ThenumberofAntForest

usershasreached350million,reducing3milliontonsofcarbondioxide.“Suchprogramsarequiteattractivetome.Ifeelsatisfied

toseearealtreeplantedjustbydoingsomesimplethingssuchasridingbicyclesandbuyingticketsonline,”saidaninterviewee.Thi

sinitiativeofAntForestisinlinewiththeChinesegovernment’sstrategyofa“GreenEconomy”.Thecountryistakingaggressiveactionsinexpandingi

tsgreencoverage.Now,itseffortsarepayingoff,withimprovedbiodiversityandahealthiereconomicgrowth.Rareanimalspecie

shavebeenspottedandforestparksarenowpopularattractionsoftourism.Theplanetisatacriticalpointwhichcouldresultinnaturaldisasters.Itseemscleart

hatunlessgovernments,businessesandpeopleformafocusedteam,it’sdifficulttostopglobalwarming.Fortunately,AntForestshowsthati

tispossibletomakejointeffortswhilerelyingondigitaltechnology.Andmoreinitiativesareusingtechnologytocontributetoasustainablefutureoft

heplanet.1．WhatwasAntForestgiventheawardfor?A．Itbringsconveniencetopeople’slives.B．Itisrunbytheworld’sleadingpaymentplatform.C．Itte

chnicallyassistsmanypeopletoprotectecology.D．Ithasmadethegreatestcontributiontoglobaldevelopment.2．Whatisparagrap

h2mainlyabout?A．HowAlipaymakesprofits.B．HowAntForestiscarriedout.C．Whatalow-carbonlifeislike.D．WhyAlipaytakesupthein

itiative.3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．350millionpeoplehaveplantedrealtrees.B．Promotingtourismcanhel

psaveanimals.C．Chinakeepsabalancebetweeneconomyandecology.D．TheexpansionofgreencoveragemainlyresultsfromAntForest.4．HowdocsAntForest

contributetothesustainablefuture?A．Bycriticizingnaturaldisasters.B．Bystoppingtheglobalwarming.C．Byprovidingapla

tformtomakejointefforts.D．Byencouragingpeopletodonatemoneytoplanttrees.【答案】1．C2．B3．C4．C【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。全球领先支付平台支付宝的绿色倡议“蚂

蚁森林”因将“5亿人的绿色善举”转化为种植实木而荣获联合国“地球冠军奖”，这是联合国最高环境荣誉。中国加快绿色转型，有望为协调经济与自然环境提供有益的借鉴。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ItwasgiventoAntForestformotiv

atinghalfabillionpeopletoadoptaneco-friendlyandgreenerlifestyle,greatlycontributingtoecologicalprotectionwiththehelpofdigitaltechnology.(“蚂蚁森

林”项目旨在激励5亿人过上环保、绿色的生活方式，为数字技术促进生态保护做出了巨大贡献。)”可知，蚂蚁森林因为从技术上帮助许多人保护生态被授予奖项。故选C项。2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Alipayachievedthisbyinspiringitsuserstodo

environmentally-friendlythings,suchaswalking,usingpublictransportation,goingpaperlessintheofficeandmoretoearn“greenen

ergypoints”.(支付宝通过鼓励用户做一些环保的事情来实现这一目标，比如步行、使用公共交通工具、在办公室实现无纸化办公，以及更多来获得“绿色能源积分”。)”以及下文描述可知，本段主要讲了蚂蚁森林是如何实施目标的。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thecountryistaki

ngaggressiveactionsinexpandingitsgreencoverage.Now,itseffortsarepayingoff,withimprovedbiodiversityandahealthierecono

micgrowth.(中国正在积极采取行动扩大绿色覆盖范围。现在，随着生物多样性的改善和更健康的经济增长，它的努力得到了回报。)”可推知，中国保持经济与生态的平衡。故选C项。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Fortunately,AntForests

howsthatitispossibletomakejointeffortswhilerelyingondigitaltechnology.Andmoreinitiativesareusingtechnologytocontributetoas

ustainablefutureoftheplanet.(幸运的是，蚂蚁森林向我们展示了依靠数字技术，共同努力是完全有可能的。更多的计划正在利用技术为地球的可持续未来做出贡献。)”可知，蚂蚁森林通过提供一个共同努力的平台对可持续发展的未来做出了贡献。故选C项。Passage4【新题模拟

】（2021·江西新余市·高三期末）YoungChineseareincreasinglymakingtheirvoicesheardandinfluencingworldopinionastheytakeonm

oreimportantrolesininternationalorganizationsandglobalprojects,ataceremonyinBeijinginApril,singerandactorKarryWangwasmadethe

nationalgoodwillambassadorfortheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammebyEricSolheim,theorganization’sexecu

tivedirector.“Theyoutharenolongermerelyonlookerswhenitcomestoenvironmentalaction,norshouldtheybe.Iwillsparenoeffor

tindoingeverythingIcantotakecareofourEarth,andIinviteeveryonetojoinmeingeneratingawaveofpositiveaction,”Wangsaidinh

isspeechaftertheappointment.In2016,WangwidelysharedtheonlineWildforLifecampaign,whichgained400millionviews.Ayearlater,

hepubliclyspokeoutontheurgentneedtoprotectendangeredwildlife,callingtheanimalsthe“superstarsoftheplanet.”Beyonddrawi

ngattentiontowildlife,hecalledonhisfollowerstopledgetoreducetheirelectronicwaste,usingthehashtagBEATPOLLUTIONtohighlighttheissue.With

in24hours,hispostwasretweeted1.67milliontimesandmorethan400,000followershadpledgedtoreducewaste.“Ouractionswillsoonbethelev

eragetochangetheworld,”Wangsays,callingontheyoungergenerationinChinaandaroundtheworldtoraisetheirawarenessofenvironm

entalissues.ErikSolheim,headofUNEnvironmentsays,“ItisinspiringtoseethestronganddeterminedvoiceofChineseyouthwhe

nitcomestotheenvironment.Whenyoungpeoplesettheirmindstochange,itisincredibletoseethegreatthingsthatcanbeaccomplished,WeareveryexcitedtoworkwithW

angJunkaitocreateevenmoreawarenessabouttheenvironmentalproblemsandsolutionsforthesetimes.”AccordingtotheU

NreportYouthintheCoreofSustainabilityinAsiaPacificpublishedinMarch2016,youngpeople’sparticipationwillhelpachievethesustainabledeve

lopmentgoalsintheAsia-Pacificregionsetfor2030.BesidesWang,otherUNEPgoodwillambassadorsincludeactress

LiBingbing,actorLiChen,EllieGoulding,BertrandPiccardandcelebritiesfromallwalksoflifebothfromChinaandabro

ad.5．WhatmadeKarryWangthenationalgoodwillambassador?A．drawingattentiontowildlifeB．beingasingerandactorC．focusingonenviro

nmentalprotectionD．effortinreducingwaste6．WhatdidWangdotoreducewaste?A．Hemadeaspeechontheissue.B．Heaskedhisfanstomakeavowonthenet.C．Heretwe

etedarelevantpost.D．Hecalledonhisfollowerstopickupthewaste.7．Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A．HardlyhadKarryWangbeent

hegoodwillambassadorwhenhedeliveredaspeech.B．ManyyoungpeoplearcinfluencedbyKarryWang’saction.C．Chineseyoutharemakingadifferencetothesustainab

ledevelopment.D．TheUNEPgoodwillambassadorsarecelebritiesfromAsia.8．Whichofthefollowingbestservesasthetitle?A．KarryWang

’scontributiontoenvironmentalactionB．ThestronganddeterminedvoiceofChineseyouthC．SafeguardingourearthbythenewgenerationD．M

akingwavesontheglobalstage【答案】5．A6．B7．D8．D【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国有越来越多的青年积极坚定地参与进了国际组织和全球项目，发出自己的声音并影响世界舆论，文

中列举了王俊凯为代表，他成为了国际亲善大使。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ayearlater,hepubliclyspokeoutontheurgentneedtoprotectendangeredwildlife,calling

theanimalsthe“superstarsoftheplanet.”(一年后，他公开表示迫切需要保护濒危野生动物，称这些动物是“地球上的超级明星”。)”可知，呼吁关注野生动物让王俊凯成为国际亲善大使。故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据第三

段中“Beyonddrawingattentiontowildlife,hecalledonhisfollowerstopledgetoreducetheirelectronicwaste,usingthehashtagBEATPOLLUTIONtohighlighttheissue.(除了

吸引人们关注野生动物，他还呼吁粉丝们承诺减少电子垃圾，并使用“BEATPOLLUTION”的标签来突出这一问题。)”可知，王俊凯请他的粉丝在网上承诺减少浪费。故选B项。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“BesidesWang,otherUNEP

goodwillambassadorsincludeactressLiBingbing,actorLiChen,EllieGoulding,BertrandPiccardandcelebritiesfromallwalksoflifebothfromChinaandabroad.(除王

俊凯外，其他联合国环境规划署亲善大使还包括演员李冰冰、演员李晨、EllieGoulding、BertrandPiccard以及国内外各界名人。)”可知，选项D“联合国环境规划署的亲善大使是来自亚洲的名人。”是错误的。故选D项。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段

中“YoungChineseareincreasinglymakingtheirvoicesheardandinfluencingworldopinionastheytakeonmoreimportantrolesininternationalor

ganizationsandglobalprojects(随着中国年轻人在国际组织和全球项目中扮演越来越重要的角色，他们越来越多地发出自己的声音，并影响世界舆论)”以及第五段中“ErikSolheim,headofUNEnvironmentsays,“Itisins

piringtoseethestronganddeterminedvoiceofChineseyouthwhenitcomestotheenvironment.Whenyoungpeoplesettheirmindstochange,itisincredib

letoseethegreatthingsthatcanbeaccomplished,WeareveryexcitedtoworkwithWangJunkaitocreateevenmoreawarenessabouttheenvi

ronmentalproblemsandsolutionsforthesetimes.”(联合国环境署署长ErikSolheim说：“看到中国青年在环境问题上发出的坚定而坚定的声音，令人鼓舞。当年轻人下定决心去改变的时候

，看到他们可以完成伟大的事情是令人难以置信的。我们很高兴能够与王俊凯合作，为这个时代创造更多关于环境问题和解决方案的意识。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了中国有越来越多的青年积极坚定地参与进了国际组织和全球项目，发出自己的声音并影响世界舆论，文中列举了王俊凯为代表，他成为了国际亲善大使，因此本文的

最佳标题选项D“在全球舞台上掀起波澜”符合题意。故选D项。Passage5【新题模拟】（2021·山东滨州市·高三期末）InitiallySouthKoreahadbeendoingwellagainstthevirus,butinAugust,thenumberofrepo

rtedinfectionsnearlydoubled,from56to103,injusttwodays.Itreachedapeakof441casesonAugust26beforetickingbackdowntoatl

east100newinfectionsgerday.Thatmonth,thehealthministrybannedlargegatheringsandshutnightclubs,churchesandbeachestotu

rnthetide.Undersuchaterriblesituation,manyrestaurantshavetakeneffectivemeasurestocopewithit.Forexample,NoBrandBurger,afast-foodchaininSou

thKorea,isusingrobotstotakeorders,preparefoodandbringmealsouttodiners.Asaresult,customerscanavoidanyinteractionwithahumanserverduringthepandem

ic（疫'情）.Customersorderandpayviatouchscreen,andthentheirrequestissenttothekitchenwhereacookingmachineheatsupthebunsandpatties.Whe

nit'sready,arobot“waiter”bringsouttheirtakeoutbag.Humanworkersaddtoppingstotheburgersandwrapthemupintakeo

utbagsbeforepassingthemovertoservingrobots.Lastmonth,takeoutordersatNoBrandBurgeraccountedfor58percenttotalsales,upfrom42percentinJuly,accordingt

othechain'sparentcompany,ShinsegaeFood.Afterarecentsecondwaveofcoronavirusinfections,restaurantsinSouthKoreaw

ereonlyallowedtoprovidetakeoutanddeliveryafter9p.m.—arestrictionthatwasonlyliftedMonday.Otherrestaurants

inAsiahavestartedemployingrobotserversduringthepandemic.InSouthKorea,theItalianrestaurantchainMadforGarlicisusingservingrobotseven,forsi

t-downcustomers.Using3Dspacemappingandothertechnology,theelectronic“waiter”,knownasAglioKim,navigatesbetweentable

swithuptofiveorders.MadforGarlicmanagerLeeYoung—hosaidkidsespeciallyliketherobots,whichcancarryupto66pound

sintheirtrays.9．What'sthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Itshowshowseverethepandemicwas.B．Itprovidesbackgroundinformatio

nofrobotservice.C．Itintroducesthemeasuresthegovernmenthastaken.D．Itarousespeople'sinterestinreadingthetext.10．

Whyareservingrobotsputintouse?A．Tocuthumaninteractionduringthepandemic.B．Toimprovetheefficiencyofrestaurants.C．Topromote

Robottechnology.D．Toattractchildrencustomers.11．Whatcanrobotsatafast-foodchaininSouthKoreado?A．Addtoppings

totheburgers.B．Packfoodfordiners.C．BringmealsouttodinersD．Chatwithcustomers.12．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastt

woparagraphs?A．Therobotserviceisgenerallywelcomedbycustomers.B．Otherrestaurantshavelongputrobotsintopractice.C．Restaurants

couldonlyprovidetakeoutinthedaytime.D．Childrenlikerobotsbecausetheycanplaywiththem.【答案】9．B10．A11．C12．A【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述在疫情期间餐馆用机器

人接单、准备食物和给顾客送餐，这样顾客就可以避免与人类服务员产生任何互动，受到很多人的欢迎。9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“InitiallySouthKoreahadbeendoingwellagainstthevirus,…churchesandbeachestoturnth

etide.”最初韩国的抗疫局面一直不错，但八月份报告的新增病例数几乎翻了一番，两天内就从56例增至103例。8月26日韩国新增确诊病例达到了441例的高峰，之后又回落到每日新增至少100例的水平。为了扭转局势，八月份韩国卫生部禁止了大型聚会，关闭了夜总会、教堂和海滩。再根据下文提到的为了应对疫

情，饭店启用机器人服务，减少和人类服务员之间的互动，由此可以推断出第一段是提供机器人服务的背景，故选B。10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Forexample,NoBrandBurger,afast-foodchaininSouthKorea,isusingrobotstotakeorders

,preparefoodandbringmealsouttodiners.Asaresult,customerscanavoidanyinteractionwithahumanserverduringthepandemic（疫'情）.”韩国快餐连锁店NoBrandBurger正

在使用机器人下单、准备食物并将食物送到餐者手中。因此，客户可以避免在疫情期间与人类服务员进行任何交互。所以服务型机器人的使用切掉了人与人之间的接触。故选A。11．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Forexample,NoBrandBurger,af

ast-foodchaininSouthKorea,isusingrobotstotakeorders,preparefoodandbringmealsouttodiners.”韩国快餐连锁店NoBrandBurger正在使用机器人下单、准备食物并将

食物送到用餐者手中。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Lastmonth,takeoutordersatNoBrandBurgeraccountedfor58percenttotalsales,upfrom42

percentinJuly,accordingtothechain'sparentcompany,ShinsegaeFood.OtherrestaurantsinAsiahavestartedemployingrobotserversduringthepandemic.”根据NoBrand

汉堡店所属的新世界集团食品部的数据，上个月NoBrand的外卖订单占了总销量的58%，相比七月份的42%上升了。亚洲的其他餐馆在流行病期间也开始使用机器人服务器。由此可以推断出机器人服务受到越来越多的人欢迎。故选A。【点

睛】推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作意图等。以推断隐含意义的题目居多。推断隐含意义，即要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。题干中常含infer（推断），

suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。解此类题，首先找到相关信息，然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。如小题1，根据

文章第一段“InitiallySouthKoreahadbeendoingwellagainstthevirus,…churchesandbeachestoturnthetide.”最初韩国的抗疫局面一直不错，但八月份报告的新增病例数几乎翻了一

番，两天内就从56例增至103例。8月26日韩国新增确诊病例达到了441例的高峰，之后又回落到每日新增至少100例的水平。为了扭转局势，八月份韩国卫生部禁止了大型聚会，关闭了夜总会、教堂和海滩。再根据下文提到的

为了应对疫情，饭店启用机器人服务，减少和人类服务员之间的互动，由此可以推断出第一段提供了机器人服务的背景，故选B。