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考点19阅读之议论文（解析版）【命题趋势】议论文在近几年考试中出现的不多，但是也有。所以考生在平时的训练中也需复习。以下是近年真题和模拟试题训练，考生可以集中复习。1.【2021年全国甲卷】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgre

atlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyo

ndonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?

Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswritt

enbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—wome

n,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.Astudyrecentlypublished

bySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.

”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“rea

lly,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelyno

t.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themo

rewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromt

hosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoe

stheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.T

hey'restrict.13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesea

rlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscri

minationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.Ge

niusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入

，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthesta

ndardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadi

fferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——

女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据

第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysma

rt.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根

据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可

知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,cr

eativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些

能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。2.【2020年1月浙江卷】Today’sworldisnotaneasyadju

stmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyi

nfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchild

renlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,t

hepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstre

sstheuniqueroleoffathers,”Padilla-Walkersaid.“Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistenc

e—whichcanbetaught—arekeytoachild’slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative”parentingstyle.Autho

ritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childr

enfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy

,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthori

tativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-y

ear-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingth

ebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.27.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors’study?A.Itcenteredonfathers’roleinparen

ting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids’achievementinschool.28.Whatwouldanaut

horitativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands.B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehavi

ors.D.Explaintherulestothem.29.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singlep

arents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlef

orthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterm

inationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance答案与解析27.A推理判断题根据第一段最后一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversity

discoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.可知，该大学研究的是父亲在家庭中对孩子毅力品格的养成起着重要作用。故选A项

。28.D推理判断题根据第四段可知，“权威式的”父亲并不专断，而是要让孩子感受到温暖和责任，要强调规则背后的缘由，要给予孩子适当的自主权。故推断出，一个“权威式的”父亲会做的事情是给孩子解释规则。29

.A事实细节题根据最后一段最后一句…theresearcherssuggestthatsingleparents…,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.可知，未来研究的方向是单亲父母。30.C主旨大意

题文章主要论述了父亲的行为会影响孩子毅力的养成。故C项ChildrenTendtolearnDeterminationfromFather是文章的最佳标题。1.【辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2021届高三一模】ThearticleWhatChinaGetsRightabo

utRelationshipsbySamMassieremindsmeoftheQuoraquestionabouttheopiniononChinesepeople.Obviously,answersfromdifferentpeoplewon’tbethesame.Tome,thosediff

erentpeoplefallintotwogroups:thosewithavaguepictureofChina,andthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywell.It’squiteeasyforthefirstcategory

toreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice:“Whenwaschild,wastaughttobewatchfularoundChinesepeople-theywerethetypethatsmiledwhenoffendedbecause

they’llstabyouinthebackinrevenge(报复).Theyvaluedmoneyoverhumanlife,andthatwasmotive(动机)foralltheiractivities.”-QuoraUser.Thatp

rovidesus,ifIcansayso,aracist’sstereotypeofChinesepeople.ItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChina-al

onghistory,alargepopulation,theGreatWall,PandaExpress,festivals,tea,kongfumovies,cheapandbadclothes,themanufacturingpower,averylargeinternalmarke

t,andhardworking(yes,especiallyhighschoolstudents).Allthesearerathertoosimpleandgeneral.Bycontrast,tothosewecallaChina-hand,it

isquiteobviousthattheword“Chinese”bearsmuchmore.Intoday’severglobalizedworld,moreandmoreforeignfriendsareincreasi

nglyattractedtoChineseculture.TheylearnChinese,makeChinesefriends,watchChinesemovies,andpayvisitsorevenmovetoChina.Understandingthedifferencesb

etweentheeastandthewest,theycouldseethroughtheappearance.Inmanycases,thefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudeness

butitisactuallynotthatsimple.Whatshouldbepaidattentiontoarethein-group/out-groupeffects.SamMassieiswiseinsayingt

hat“rudenesstostrangersistheflipside(相反面)ofdeepbondswithlovedones.Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualities

ofChinesepeople.Tome,nomatterwhattheWesterners’opinionsare,whatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers.What’

syouropinion?12．Accordingtothewriter,thefirstgroup________.A．judgeChinesepeopleone-sidedlyB．seewellintoChinesecu

ltureC．turnouttobeill-educatedatschoolD．drawreasonableconclusionsaboutChina13．AChina-handwillmostproba

blyagreethat________.A．ChinesepeoplecandoanythingtofightbackagainstthosewhooffendthemB．Chinaisveryattract

iveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeopleC．Chinahasalonghistoryandthemosthardworkingstudentsinthew

orldD．Chinaisprofit-drivenandasaresult,peoplearecoldtostrangers14．Theunderlinedwordstereotypeinthefourthparagraphprobablymeans________.A．chang

ingandreasonableideaB．afixedandoftenrightideaC．afixedandoftenfalseideaD．achangingandunfairidea15．Thewriter’sattitudetoSam

Massie’sbookis________.A．approvingB．objectiveC．criticalD．indifferent【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了萨姆·马西书中关于一些西方人对中国人存在刻板印象，作者赞成萨姆·马西的

观点，认为中国人是慷慨的、真诚的。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’squiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice(第一类人很容易得出带有偏见的结论)”可知，第一类人看

待中国人有偏见，因此，根据本文，第一类人是A项“judgeChinesepeopleone-sidedly(片面地评价中国人)”符合题意。故选A项。13．推理判断题。根据第一中的“andthoseunderstandi

ngChinesecultureverywell(另一类是非常了解中国文化的人)”以及最后一段“Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandother

goodqualitiesofChinesepeople(我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨、真诚和其他优良品质)”可知，萨姆·马西非常了解中古文化，并且喜欢中国人的慷慨和真诚。因此，一个“中国通”最可能赞成的是B.项“Chinaisveryattractiveinculturew

ithitsgenerousandsincerepeople(中国文化很有吸引力，中国人也很慷慨和真诚)”符合题意。故选B项。14．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Itissadtoknowmanypeopledohav

eanunclearideaaboutChina-alonghistory,alargepopulation,theGreatWall,PandaExpress,festivals,tea,kongfumovies,cheapandbadclothes,themanufacturingpower,

averylargeinternalmarket,andhardworking(遗憾的是，许多人对中国有着不清楚的认识——历史悠久，人口众多，长城，熊猫快餐，节日，茶，功夫片，廉价和劣质的衣服，制造业的力量，非常大的内部市场，以及勤奋)”可知，很多人

对中国的认识是不清楚的，凭想当然的一种刻板印象。因此，划线词所在句子的意思为“如果我可以这么说的话，这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象”，划线词stereotype的意思为C项“afixedandoftenfalseidea(一

种固定的、通常是错误的看法)”符合题意。故选C项。15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thatprovidesus,ifIcansayso,aracist’sstereotypeofChinesepeople

(如果我可以这么说的话，这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象)”以及最后一段“Inmanycases,thefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenes

sbutitisactuallynotthatsimple…Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople.Tome,nomatterwha

ttheWesterners’opinionsare,whatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers.(在许多情况下，一些西方人对中国的第一印象不过是粗鲁无礼，但

实际上并不是那么简单……我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨、真诚和其他优良品质。对我来说，不管西方人的意见是什么，真正重要的是我们的行为举止和对待他人的方式。)”可知，作者认为，很多人对中国人的了解是片面的，他们对中国人存在刻

板印象，是实际上并不能这么简单的看，作者和萨姆·马西的都认为中国人是慷慨、真诚的。因此，作者对萨姆·马西的书的态度是A项“approving(赞成)”符合题意。故选A项。2.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次

模拟】Thechiefproblemindealingwithforeignmotoristsisnotsomuchrememberingthattheyaredifferentfromyou,butthattheyarelargelyvariab

le.Crossafrontier(边境)withoutadjustingandyoucanbeindeeptrouble.OneofthegreatestgulfsseparatingthedrivingnationsistheAtlanticOcean.Orrather,

itisthementaldistancebetweentheEuropeanandtheAmericanmotorist,particularlytheSouthAmericanmotorist.Compare,forexample,anEnglishdrive

ratasetoftrafficlightswithaBrazilian.VeryrarelywillanEnglishmantrytoanticipate(预先准备)thegreenlightbymovingoff.Youwillfindtheoccasion

alsomeonewhowatchesfortheyellowlighttocomeuponthesetoflights.However,hewillnotgountilhereceivesthelawfulsignal.Braziliansvi

ewthethingquitedifferently.If,infact,theyseetrafficlights,theyregardthemasakindofroadsidedecoration.Thenat

ivesofNorthAmericaaremuchmoredisciplined.Theyshowthisintheiraddictiontodrivinginonelane(车道)andstickingtoit—evenifitmean

ssettlingbehindsomegreattruckformanymiles.Topreventotherdriversfromfallingintowrongways,Americanmotoriststryalwaystost

ayclosebehindthevehicleinfrontwhichcanmakeitimpossibletomakeareallanechange.Europeanvisitorsarealwaysfallingintothistrap.TheyreturntotheOldWorldstill

wavingtheirarmsindisappointmentbecausewhiledrivingintheStateintheircarstheykeptfailingtogetoffthehig

hwaywhentheywantedtoandweresweptalongtothenextcity.However,onenationaboveallotherslivescautiouslybyitstrafficregulations—theSwiss.InSwitzerland,ifyou

weresimplytoanticipateatrafficlight,thechancesarethatthemotoristbehindyouwouldtakeyournumberandreportyoutothepol

ice.ThereareslightregionalvariationsamongtheFrench,GermanandItalianspeakingareas,butitisgenerallysafetoassumethatanycarbe

aringaCHstickerwillbedrivenwithahighdegreeofdiscipline.12．HowdoAmericandriversbehaveontheroadaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyruntheredlightsometi

mes.B．Theydriveclosebehindotherdrivers.C．Theycarelittleaboutthetrafficlight.D．Theystarttheircarattheyellowli

ght.13．Whichpeopletakethetrafficlightmostseriously?A．TheSwiss.B．TheBrazilians.C．TheEnglish.D．TheFrench.14．Thepassagei

smainlydevelopedby____.A．analyzingcausesB．describingchangesC．makingcomparisonsD．pointingoutsimilarities15．Whichpartofanewspaperisthe

passageprobablytakenfrom?A．Culture.B．Business.C．Entertainment.D．Geography.【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇议论文，本文论述了各个国家的司机

对交通规则的重视程度。12．细节理解题。根据第五段“Americanmotoriststryalwaystostayclosebehindthevehicleinfrontwhichcanmakeitimpossibletomakeareallanechange.”美国的

驾车者总是尽量跟在前面的车后面，这样就不可能进行真正的变道。可知，美国的司机开车总是紧随着前一辆车的后面。故选B项。13．细节理解题。根据最后一段“onenationaboveallotherslivescautiouslybyitstrafficregula

tions—theSwiss.InSwitzerland,ifyouweresimplytoanticipateatrafficlight,thechancesarethatthemotoristbehindyouwou

ldtakeyournumberandreportyoutothepolice.”有一个国家在遵守交通规则方面格外谨慎，那就是瑞士。在瑞士，如果你只是提前看到红绿灯，你后面的司机很可能会记下你的号码，然后向警察报案。可知，瑞士人最重

视交通信号灯。故选A项。14．细节理解题。根据“Compare,forexample,anEnglishdriveratasetoftrafficlightswithaBrazilian.”例如，比较一下在一组交通灯

前的英国司机和巴西司机。第四段“ThenativesofNorthAmericaaremuchmoredisciplined.”北美的土著人更有纪律性。以及第五段“However,onenationabove

allotherslivescautiouslybyitstrafficregulations—theSwiss.”然而，有一个国家在遵守交通规则方面格外谨慎，那就是瑞士。可知，本文是通过对比各个国家的司机对交通规则的重视程度进行论述的。故选C项。15．推理判断题。A.

Culture文化；B.Business商业；C.Entertainment娱乐；D.Geography地理。根据全文主题句Thechiefproblemindealingwithforeignmotoristsisnotsomuchrememberingthatt

heyaredifferentfromyou,butthattheyarelargelyvariable.Crossafrontier(边境)withoutadjustingandyoucanbeindeeptrouble.（与外国司机打交道的主要问题不是记住他们与你不同，而是记住他们在很大程度

上是可变的。不调整就跨越边界，你可能会陷入大麻烦。）以及全文内容可知，本文介绍的是文化的差异导致各个国家的交通习惯不同，所以这篇文章最可能出现在文化这一板块。故选A项3.【湖北省武汉市部分学校2020届高三上学期起点质量监测】TheNotreDamefireha

sbeenputout,butitsspireandalargeportionofitswoodenroofhavebeendamaged.Theterribledestructioncausesasuddensharppaintopeo

plearoundtheworld.OnChinesesocialmedianetworkWechatacommoncommentonthedisasteris:"Whatapitythatwecannotseethedamagedpartsof

thewonderanymore."Butthegoodnewsisthatthereisatleastonewayofseeingthem,namelyviaavideogamecalledAssassin'sCreed:Un

ity.Inthisgame,theplayercantraveltoonecityafteranotherandenterthebuildingsexactlylikewhattheyareinreality,andseeNotreDameasitwasbef

orethefire.Further,withvirtualrealitytechnology,whichisalreadyquitemature,onecanevenlookaroundtheundamagedNotreDameasifitisstil

lthere.Maybedigitaltechnologycouldhelptobetterprotectarchitecturalculturalheritage.Theideaofdigitizingancientbuild

ings,makingdigitalmodelsofthemsotheirdatacanbesaved，datesbacktothe1990sandthenecessarytechnologyhascontinuedtoadvancesincethen.Byscanningtheancientb

uildingswithlasers，building3Dmodelswithmultipleimages，aswellasmeasuringeverythingprecisely，engineerscanmakeac

opyasaccurateastherealone.Ascomputersandsmartphonesarehugelypopular，thedigitalreplica（复制品）hasgreatuse

value.First，itallowstouriststofeeltheculturalrelicswithouttouchingthem，whichhelpsprotectthem.ThevirtualtourofDunhuangGrottoesinGansuProvinceis

agoodexampleofthisastouristscanviewthepaintingswithoutstandingnearthem.Furthermore，itcanmakethedigitizedculturalrelicsmoref

amousbyspreadingawarenessaboutthemviatheInternet.In2000，avirtualtouroftheGreatWallbecameverypopularattheHannoverWorldExpo，

whichincreasedthenumberofforeigntouristsvisitingthesiteinthefollowingyears.Aboveall，itpreservesalltheinformationoftheculturalre

lics.Eveniftheoriginalonesaredamagedoneday，peoplecanstillknowwhattheywerelikeandcanbuildareplicaifdesired.Ofcourse，howeve

rpreciseamodelis，itisnottheoriginal.Timeisthebiggestthreattoacountry'sarchitecturalheritage，whichwillalwaysbecomeruinswiththepassingoftime.May

bewewillhavebettertechnologiesinthefuture，butthedigitaltechnologyoffersapracticalwaytopreservearchitecturalculturalheritageat

themoment.11.WhatcanweseeaboutNotreDameinthegame？（）A.Thedamagedparts.B.Itswoodenshape.C.Itsoriginallook.D.Th

ebigfire.12.Whatwillengineersdotocreateadigitalreplicaoftheancientbuildings？（）A.Improvethetechnologyneeded.B.Scanth

ephotosofthebuildingsC.Build3Dmodelsoffullsize.D.Measureallthepartsexactly.13.Whatvaluedoesadigitalrepli

cahave？（）A.Itkeepstherelicssafe.B.Ithelpstoguardtherelics.C.Itgathersdataoftherelics.D.Itadvertisesthehistoryoftherelics.14.Howdoe

stheauthorprovethedigitalcopyhasvitalpracticalimportance？（）A.Bycomparison.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byclassif

icationD.Bylistingdata.15.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardstheapplicationofdigitaltechnology？（）A.Doubtful.B.De

lighted.C.Supportive.D.Conservative.【答案】11.C12.D13.A14.B15.C【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是现代技术的发展衍生了保护建筑文化遗迹的一种的新的手段——数字副本，并讨论了这种技术的优点，及作者对其的态度。11.细节理解题。

根据第二段的Inthisgame,theplayercantraveltoonecityafteranotherandenterthebuildingsexactlylikewhattheyareinr

eality,andseeNotreDameasitwasbeforethefire.在这个游戏中，玩家可以从一个城市到另一个城市，进入与现实中的建筑一模一样的建筑中，看到火灾前的圣母院。由此可知，在游戏中我们可以看到巴黎圣母院原

来的样子，故选C。12.细节理解题。根据第三段的Byscanningtheancientbuildingswithlasers，building3Dmodelswithmultipleimages，aswellasmeasuringeverythingpr

ecisely，engineerscanmakeacopyasaccurateastherealone.通过扫描激光的古代建筑,与多个图像建立三维模型,以及测量精确,工程师可以复制一样准确真实。由此可知，工程师会

准确测量所有古代建筑的零部件来创造该古代建筑的数字副本，故选D。13.细节理解题。根据第三段的itallowstouriststofeeltheculturalrelicswithouttouchingthem，wh

ichhelpsprotectthem.它让游客感受到文物不碰它们，这有助于保护他们。由此可知，一个数字副本的价值是它能够确保文物的安全，故选A。14.推理判断题。根据第三段的ThevirtualtourofDunhuangGrottoesinGansuProvin

ceisagoodexampleofthisastouristscanviewthepaintingswithoutstandingnearthem….In2000，avirtualtouroftheGreatWallbecameverypopularatth

eHannoverWorldExpo，…由此可知，在论证数字副本的作用的每一个分论点之后，举出了敦煌莫高窟和长城两个例子，故可知作者通过举例子证明数字副本的重要意义，故选B。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为时间是一

个国家的建筑遗产的最大威胁，随着时间的流逝可能会成为废墟，但数字技术可能会提供了一个可行的方法来保护文化遗产。由此可推知，作者对数字技术的应用程序持有保守的态度。A.Doubtful.疑惑的；B.Delighted.高兴的；C.Supportive.支持的；D.Conservative.保守的

。故选C。4.【四川省宜宾市2018-2020学年高三上学期第一次诊断】Beingstuckbehindcrowdsofslowwalkerswhenyou’reinahurryisoneofthemostannoyingthings.Butnow,LakesideShopp

ingCentreinEssex,oneoftheUK’slargestshoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlane(通道)forshoppersinahurry,aimingt

ohelpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkersandtheangerthatgoeswiththem.TheLakesideShoppingCenterinEssexhasint

roduceda720-foot“fastlane”reservedforfastwalkersonly,justintimefortheChristmasrush.Thecenter’smanagementteamsaid:“

thelanewillhelptheshopperswhoknowwheretheywanttogoquicklyanddon’twanttogetcaughtinbehindunhurriedshoppersatthebusiesttimeoftheyear.”Thefastla

newasintroducedafteraMasterCardsurveyfoundthat80percentofconsumersfoundslowwalkerstheirbiggestannoyancewhileshopping.Theresearchal

sofoundthattheaveragewalkingspeedsloweddownby21percentduringtheChristmasshoppingperiod,asmostshoppersspent

moretimewindowshoppingduringthisperiod.GaryMortimer,anexpertfromtheQueenslandUniversityofTechnology,s

aidhewasn’tsurprisedbythepromotionaboutthelaunchofthefastlane,andthoughttheconceptwouldappealtoshoppersallovertheworld.“Crowdedparkinglotsan

dbusyshoppingcenterstendtobetwoofthebiggestcomplaintsofshoppersoverthefestiveseason,”hesaid.“Ithinkthefastlanesare

anewapproach.However,Isuspectitwillbeabitlikefastlanesonthehighway,soitmightendupbeingmoretroublethanitsworth.”TheMasterCardsurveya

lsoidentifiedthefourmostcommontypesofshoppers.Theyinclude“Skaters”－the31percentofshopperswhotryandmaketheirwaythroughcrowdspolitely,“Dodgers”－the51

percentofcustomerswhomovedownthepathstoavoidslowwalkers,“Bulldozers”－the11percentwhopushtheirwaythroughcro

wds,and“Tutters”－thel5percentwhoexpresstheirfrustrationstoslowwalkers.28.Thefastlaneisintendedfortheshopperswho.A.can’tmov

equicklybecauseofphysicaldisabilitiesB.buythingsontheirshoppinglistsquicklyC.taketheirtimetodowindowshoppingD.wanttoleave

themallquickly29.WhatisGaryMortimer’sattitudetothefastlane?A.Supportive.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Objective.30.Whopa

tientlymovesbehindaslowcrowd?A.Skaters.B.Dodgers.C.Bulldozers.D.Tutters.31.Whatisthemainideaofthispass

age?A.Shoppingcanbeannoyingsometimes.B.Howtoavoid“slowwalkers”whenshopping.C.Theproblemsthatshoppingcentersfaceduringbusyh

olidays.D.Theshoppingmallcreatesthefastlanetoavoid“slowwalkers”.【答案】28.B29.D30.A31.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要写了，针对圣诞节期间的顾客，购物中心创造快速车道避

免"慢行者"，并针对这一现象进行了讨论。28.细节理解题。根据第一段Butnow,LakesideShoppingCentreinEssex,oneoftheUK’slargestshoppingmalls,hasintroduce

ditsveryownfastlane(通道)forshoppersinahurry,aimingtohelpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkersandtheangerthatgoeswiththem.（但现在，英国最大的购物中心之一埃塞克斯

的湖畔购物中心(LakesideShoppingCentre)为匆忙的购物者推出了自己的“快车道”，旨在帮助没有耐心的购物者避免走得慢以及随之而来的愤怒。）可知“快车道”是专为那些在购物单上快速购物的人设计的。故选B。29.推理判断题。根

据文中GaryMortimer说的话："Ithinkthefastlanesareanovelapproach.However,Isuspectitwillbeabitlikefastlanesonthehighwa

y,soitmightendupbeingmoretroublethanitsworth.""我认为快车道是一种新颖的方法。但是，我怀疑它会有点像高速公路上的快车道，所以它可能比它的价值更麻烦。"可见他对于fastlane的评价是客观的，既说出它的优点也指出了它可能存在的

问题，所以答案选D。30.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Theyinclude"Skaters"-the31percentofshopperswhotryandmaketheirwaythroughcrowdspolitely,可见Skaters是礼貌地试着穿过人群。所以答案选

A。31.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句oneoftheUK'slargestshoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlaneforshoppersinahurry,aimingto

helpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkers-andtheragethatgoeswiththem.是本文的主旨句，购物中心创造快速车道避免"慢行者"，所以答案选D。5.【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2020届高三上学期第一次验收】Wetalkcont

inuouslyabouthowtomakechildrentougherandstronger,butwhateverwe’redoing,it’snotworking.Ratesofanxietydisordersanddepression

arerisingrapidlyamongteenagers.Whatarewedoingwrong?NassimTalebinventedtheword“antifragile”andusedittodescribeasmallbutveryimportantclassofsystemsthat

gainfromshocks,challenges,anddisorder.Theimmune(免疫的)systemisoneofthem:itrequiresexposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(过敏原)inchi

ldhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.Children’ssocialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems.Ifweoverprotectkidsandkeept

hem“safe”fromunpleasantsocialsituationsandnegativeemotions,wedeprive(剥夺)themofthechallengesandopportunitiesfors

kill-buildingtheyneedtogrowstrong.Suchchildrenarelikelytosuffermorewhenexposedlatertootherunpleasantbutordinaryli

feevents,suchasteasingandsocialrejection.It’snotthekids’fault.IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandl

atertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless.Outdoorplayan

dindependentmobilitywentdown;screentimeandadult-monitoredactivitieswentup.Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheirownrulesof

engagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangersturnsouttobevitalforthedevelopmentofadultsocialandevenphysicalcompetence.D

eprivingthemoffreeplaypreventstheirsocial-emotionalgrowth.NorwegianplayresearchersEllenSandseterandLeifKennairwarned:“Wemayobservean

increasedanxietyormentaldisordersinsocietyifchildrenareforbiddenfromparticipatinginage-adequateriskypla

y.”Theywrotethosewordsin2011.Overthefollowingfewyears,theirpredictioncametrue.Kidsbornafter1994aresufferingfrommuchhigherratesofanxietydisordersandd

epressionthandidthepreviousgeneration.Besides,thereisalsoariseintherateatwhichteenagegirlsareadmittedtohospitalford

eliberatelyharmingthemselves.Whatcanwedotochangethesetrends?Howcanweraisekidsstrongenoughtohandletheordinaryandextraordina

rychallengesoflife?Wecan’tguaranteethatgivingprimaryschoolchildrenmoreindependencetodaywillbringdowntherate

ofteenagesuicidetomorrow.Thelinksbetweenchildhoodoverprotectionandteenagementalillnessaresuggestivebutnotclear-cut.Yettherearegoodreasonstosu

spectthatbydeprivingournaturallyantifragilekidsofthewiderangeofexperiencestheyneedtobecomestrong,wearesystematicallypreventingtheir

growth.Weshouldletgo—andletthemgrow.32.WhydoestheauthormentiontheimmunesysteminParagraph2?A.Tostress

itsimportance.B.Tohelpunderstandanewword.C.Toquestionthelatestdiscovery.D.Toanalyzethecauseofanxiety.33.Parentsoverprotectch

ildrenbecause______.A.childrenarenotindependentenoughB.theywanttokeepchildrenfrombeingteasedC.parent-m

onitoredactivitiesareamustD.theyareconcernedabouttheirchildren’ssafety34.Accordingtotheauthor,freeplaycan______.A.reducechildren’sriskybehaviorB.st

rengthenchildren’sfriendshipC.promotechildren’stoughnessD.developchildren’sleadershipskills35.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewi

th?A.Stoptryingtoperfectyourchild.B.Ittakesgreatcouragetoraisechildren.C.Whilewetrytoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,ourchildrenteachuswhatlifei

sallabout.D.Preparethechildfortheroad,nottheroadforthechild.【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。青少年中焦虑症和抑郁症的发病率正在迅速上升。我们做错了什么？对此短文从不同

的角度分析了它产生的原因，这种趋势发展下去所导致的后果，并提出了自己的观点---让孩子准备好上路，而不是准备好道路给孩子走。32.推理判断题。由第二段，第三段“Theimmune(免疫的)systemisoneofthem:itrequiresexpo

suretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(过敏原)inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.Children’ssocialandemotio

nalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems”可知，免疫系统就是其中之一：它需要在儿童时期接触某些种类的细菌和潜在的过敏原，才能使孩子具有完全的免疫力。孩子们的社交和情感能力和他们的免疫系统一样具有“抗弱性”。所以通过免疫系统功能的介

绍和孩子们的社交和情感能力与免疫系统的比较。可以判断出，作者在第2段提到免疫系统是为了帮助理解一个新词。故选B项。33.细节理解题。由第四段“IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecam

emuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofc

rimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless”可知，在英国，在美国也一样，在20世纪80年代和90年代，随着有线电视和后来的互联网让每个人越来越多地接触到那些现在越

来越少发生的罕见的犯罪和事故，父母们变得更加恐惧。所以父母过度保护孩子，因为他们担心孩子的安全。故选D项。34.细节理解题。由第五段“Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheiro

wnrulesofengagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangersturnsouttobevitalforthedevelopmentofadultsocialande

venphysicalcompetence”可知，然而，孩子们在自由玩耍中制定自己的参与规则，他们能承担小风险，学会掌控小危险的能力，这对成人社交能力甚至身体能力的发展都是至关重要的。所以根据作者所说，自由玩耍可以促进儿童的韧性的提高。故选C项。35.推理判断题。由最后段“...wea

resystematicallypreventingtheirgrowth.Weshouldletgo—andletthemgrow.”可知，我们正在系统地阻止他们的成长。我们应该放手让他们成长。所以通过作者所说的我们能够判断出，作者希望成年人在孩子成长过

程中，成年人应该让孩子准备好踏上成长之路，成年人应该让孩子自己走上成长之路，去经历挫折和失败，这样才能使孩子变得更加的坚强。故D选项“让孩子准备好上路，而不是准备好道路给孩子走”。是作者所同意的。故选D项。6.【浙江省名校新高考研究联盟(Z20联盟)2020届高三上学期

第一次联考】Roughlythesizeofasodacan,sittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessdevice(设备)maybeturningfriendsawayfromyourhome.Theelepha

ntinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedcamera,adevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedev

icesmayhaveonhouseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey’rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatc

hthebiggametogether?"It’scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasiertofix,"saysLizziePost,presidentoftheEmilyPostInstitut

e,America’sdistinguishedmannersadvisors."Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatmannersappearintermsofwh

etheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit’snotasecur

ityissue."Postwantstomakeclearthatshe’snottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonalpreference.Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit’

sahost’sresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome.Ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgestha

tthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortab

le.However,ifacontractor(合约工)isworkinginyourhome,youdon’tneedtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Thenagain,th

ecameracanalsoworkincontractors’favor."Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey’reinthehouse,theydon’twanttobeblame

dforit,"shesays."Infact,thecameracouldbethethingthatprovesthattheydidn’tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.27.Thevisitorsarcconcernedthatthe

securitycameramay.A.threatentheirhealthB.spoiltheirpeaceofmindC.disturbtheirprivacyD.affecttheirpreference28.Whatisahost’srespons

ibilityconcerningthesecuritycamera?A.Indicatingitsposition.B.MakingtheirguestsfeelatcaseC.Turningitoil

intime.D.Havingacasualtalkwithguests.29.Howcanthehonesecuritycamerabenefitcontractorsworkinginyourhome?A.Itcanprevent

theaccidentshappening.B.Itcanprovetheirinnocence.C.Itcanrecordtheirworkingprogress.D.Itcanmaketheirworkmoreenjoyable.30

.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesecuritycamera?A.Negative.B.Pessimistic.C.Favorable.D.Objective.【答案】27.C28.B29.B30.D【解析】这是一篇

议论文。人们越来越多地在家里使用联网摄像头这种设备来获得内心的平静，但很少有人会停下来考虑这些设备可能对住客产生的影响。有人认为说到安全摄像头，确保客人在家里感到舒适是主人的责任。如果主人通过讲述一个故事，漫不经心地承认房里有一台照相机，这可能足以让客人开口说他们是否感到不舒服。27.细节

理解题。根据第二段中"Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatmannersappearintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacame

raornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit’snotasecurityissue."（他说:“我认为，如果不存在安全问题，看看你是否告诉别人你有相机，以及客人是否有权要求关掉相

机，这将是一件非常有趣的事情。”）可知参观者担心安全摄像头可能会干扰他们的隐私。故选C。28.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit’sahost’sresponsibilitytomakesuregues

tsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome.（说到安全摄像头，波斯特说，确保客人在家里感到舒适是主人的责任。）可知安全摄像头，主人的责任是让客人感到自在。故选B。29.细节理解题。

根据最后一句Infact,thecameracouldbethethingthatprovesthattheydidn’tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.（事实上，相机可以证明他们没

有偷那20美元，也没有把花瓶从桌子上摔下来。）可知家庭安全摄像头可以通过证明在家工作的合约工的无辜而使他们受益。故选B。30.推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者采用第三方观点对安全摄像头进行论述，并没有说明自己支持还是反对安全

摄像头，因此作者的态度是客观的。故选D。7.【黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学2020届高三上学期8月开学考试】Wheneverwe'reintroducedtostrangers,wemakesnapdecisio

nsaboutthemaccordingtoourfirstimpressions.AretheyattractiveOrhowmuchdotheyearn?FormostBrits,simplyaskingsomeonehowmucht

hey'reworth'financiallyisconsideredveryimpolite.Thankfully,mostpeoplearekindenoughtodropseveralhints(暗示)abouttheirrelativewealthorsuccessfulcareersT

heyalwayspostonsocialmediaaboutflyingtoameetingforwork.They'realwayswearingclotheswithlabelsbigenoughtosilentlyscreamabouthowr

ichtheyareandhowwellthey'redoing.It'saworryingtrend,andI'mnotimmunetoit.I'vefeltthewarmhappinessofknowingIearnedmorethan

somebody,andthebaselessgreyirritationofknowingthatIearnlessthananother.I'vecheckedintoplaceswhileIknowfu

llwellthatanybodyreadingitwillgetjealous.Itseemsasthoughself-worthisincreasinglybeingtiedtothecareerswechooseandthemoneyweearn.Astudyin20

13,forexamplefoundthatnearly17%ofunemployedAmericansweredepressedcomparedtoalmost6%ofthosewhohadapermanentjob.Weneedtostoppl

acingsomuchvalueonwhatapersonearns.Don'tgetmewrong-beingambitiousisnotafault,andachievementsshouldalwaysbecelebrated.Butwhenapersonusesthe

irsuccesstojudgeyounegativelyitbecomesaproblemIfyouwanttoknowwhatyou'rereallyworth,here'satip:Itdoesn'thaveanythingt

odowithyourbankaccount.It'sabouthowmanytimesyou'vebeenthereforyourfriends.It'showmanytimesyou'vebeenkindtoastrangerIt'severytimeyoudid

somethingunselfish,ortoldyourpartneryoulovedhim/her,ortreatedsomeonewithrespectnomatterwheretheywereintheirownlife.28.Whatcanwel

earnfromthesecondparagraph?A.MostBritsarepolite.B.MostBritsloveaskingothersaboutwealth.C.MostBritsliketoshowofftheirwealthandcareer.D.M

ostBritshavelotsofwealthandsuccessfulcareers29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“immune”mean?A.Exposed.B.Accust

omed.C.AddictedD.Unaffected.30.Whatdoestheexampleofthestudyin2013show?A.Peoplethinkself-valueisn'ttiedtowealthandcareer.B.Peopletendtothi

nkwealthandcareerreflectself-valueC.Peopletendtofeeldepressedbecauseoftheirunemployment.D.Peoplegettostopplacingsomuchvalueonwealthandcareer.31.What

istheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toconvinceuswhatself-valueliesin.B.Toexplainwhyweshowoffourwealth.C.Totellushowwe

dealwithourwealthandcareer.D.Tohelpushowwechoosethecareersandearnmoremoney.【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.A【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者抨击了一种现象：人们都认为自我价值依赖于你

从事的事业和你的财富。作者最后提出人生的自我价值应该体现在友爱、善良和无私等方面。28.细节理解题。根据第二段中Theyalwayspostonsocialmediaaboutflyingtoameetingforwork.They'realwayswearingclotheswithlabels

bigenoughtosilentlyscreamabouthowrichtheyareandhowwellthey'redoing.（他们总是在社交媒体上发布关于坐飞机去开会的消息。他们总是穿着印有大品牌的衣服，大到足以无声地大声疾呼他们多么富有，他们做得多么好。）可知大部分英

国人爱炫耀自己的事业和财富。故选C。29.词义猜测题。根据下文I'vefeltthewarmhappinessofknowingIearnedmorethansomebody,andthebaselessgreyirritationofknowingthatIearnle

ssthananother.（当我知道自己比别人挣得多时，我感到了温暖的幸福;当我知道自己比别人挣得少时，我感到了毫无根据的灰色烦恼。）可知作者也会为比别人挣得多而高兴，比别人挣得少而恼怒，可知作者也摆

脱不了世俗。所以这里作者是说“我也不是不受这种趋势影响”。故划线部分单词意思为“不受影响的”。故选D。30.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Itseemsasthoughself-worthisincreasinglybeingtiedtothecareerswechooseandthe

moneyweearn.（自我价值似乎越来越多地与我们选择的职业和挣到的钱联系在一起。）可知作者通过2013年的调查来说明人们都认为自己价值依赖于自己从事的事业和财富。故选B。31.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句If

youwanttoknowwhatyou'rereallyworth,here'satip:Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithyourbankaccount.（如果你想知道自己真正的价值，这里有个小建议:它与你的银行账户无关。）作者点出了人生价值的真正所在，可

知作者的写作目的在于说服我们什么是自我价值。故选A。8.【广东省惠州市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次调研】Being"youngisassociatedwithallthegoodthingsinlife-beauty,hope,andener

gy.Butyouthalsohasnegativeassociations-impulsiveness,trouble-making,andirresponsibility.Thisnegativesideseemstobewhat

societyfocusesonmore,whichiswhyyoungpeoplehavemostlybeenconsideredasidleanddifficult.ButwhenitcomestoGenerationZ-thosebornbetween1996and2010-t

hisstereotypedoesn'tseemtoapplyanymore.InJapan,forexample,GenZ-ersarelesslikelytobuyonimpulse,buttakeintoconsiderationmoreaproduct'struevalue.They'r

elookingatthecompanies,notjusttheproducts,"MasahikoUotani,CEOofJapanesecosmeticscompanyShiseido,toldBloomberg.They'reasking,'Arethe

yreallydeliveringvaluetothesociety?Aretheypromotingdiversityandinclusion?"GenZ-ersarealsomoregroundedthanwe'veexpectedthemtob

e.AccordingtoarecentsurveybyBankofAmerica,morethanhalfofyoungadultsagedbetween18and23saidtheywereplanningtobuyahousewithinfiveyears.Andthey'renotj

ustsayingit-theyarewillingtomakesacrificesforit,includinggettingasecondjobandsavingmoneyfordownpaymentinsteadofspendingitonavaca

tion."Despitetheiryoungage,thisgroupispragmaticandactivelyplanningfortheirfuture,"D.SteveBoland,headofConsumerL

endingatBankofAmerica,toldUSAToday."Theyhaveaclearvisionhowtheyarewillingtohelpthemselvesinordertomakeithappen.Socialissuesarealsoatthecenter

ofconcernofGenZ-ers,whotakethemselvesasachangingforceoftheworld.InIndia,forexample,youngpeoplewhohavejustreachedthevotingageareeagertovoteforane

wleaderwhoiscapableofsolvingproblemsthatmatterthemosttothem,includingpollution,unemploymentandwomen'ssafety.AsaGen

-Zeryourself,whatisyourplanforthefuture?8.Whatdotheunderlinedwordsthisstereotype"inparagraph2referto?A.Beingyoungisgood.B.GenZ-ersarebornafte

r1996.C.Thetraditionalpoorimpressionsontheyouth.D.Theassociationswithyoungpeople.9.Wecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthat_________

_____.A.GenZ-ersinJapanarepickyB.TheGenZ-ersareself-centeredC.TheGenZ-erscarelittleaboutproductsD.TheGenZ-ersarewisewhenshopping10.What'

sSteveBoland'sattitudetotheGenZ-ers?A.Approving.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Critical.11.Whichofthefollowingwordsm

aybestdescribetheGenZ-era?A.Confidentandindependent.B.Visionaryandresponsible.C.Persistentanddown-to-earth.D.Activeandcreative.【答案】8.C9.D

10.A11.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出年轻一代一般不被看好，但是GenerationZ不一样，他们在日常生活中展示了他们明智，务实，远见，和社会责任感。8.词义猜测题。根据文章中的youngpeople

havemostlybeenconsideredasidleanddifficult.ButwhenitcomestoGenerationZ-thosebornbetween1996and2010-thisstereotypedoesn'tseemtoapplyanymore.（年轻

人大多被认为是游手好闲，难以相处的，但是当谈到Zgeneration时，这种不好的印象不再适应他们了），可知，thisstereotype指的就是上句中提到的年轻人懒散，不容易相处的性格特点。C.Thetraditional

poorimpressionsontheyouth.（传统上对年轻人不好的映像）符合题意。故选C项。9.推理判断题。根据第三段中的InJapan,forexample,GenZ-ersarelesslikelytobuyonimpulse,butta

keintoconsiderationmoreaproduct'struevalue.（举例来说，在日本GenZ-ers在购物时没有那么冲动，而是更多考虑产品的真正价值）可知，GenZ-ers在购物时很理智。D.TheGenZ-ersarewisewhenshoppi

ng（GenZ-ers在购物时很明智）符合以上说法。故选D项。10.推理判断题。根据文章第五段的Despitetheiryoungage,thisgroupispragmaticandactivelyplanningfortheirfuture,"D.SteveBoland,"

Theyhaveaclearvisionhowtheyarewillingtohelpthemselvesinordertomakeithappen.（史蒂夫兰博说：“尽管他们很年轻但是他们是务实的，积极规划自己的将来

，他们有一个清晰的愿景，那就是为了实现目标他们愿意帮助自己”）可知，史蒂夫兰博对于GenZ-ers的态度是赞赏的。故选A项。11.推理判断题。根据文章第五段的Theyhaveaclearvisionhowtheyarewillingtohelpthemselvesinord

ertomakeithappen.（他们有一个清晰的愿景，那就是为了实现目标他们愿意帮助自己）和SocialissuesarealsoatthecenterofconcernofGenZ-ers,whotakethemselvesasachangingforceoftheworld.（社

会问题也是GenZ-ers一代关注的中心，他们认为自己是改变世界的力量）可知，GenZ-ers有远见和社会责任感。B.Visionaryandresponsible.（有远见和责任感）符合以上说法。故选B项。9.【河北省唐山市第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月调研】

Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily,andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnot

goingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligenc

e,andthat’sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengradually

makeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreata

tcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin.Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyouto

dosomethingyoulove.Ifyoudon’tenjoywhatyoudo,itisgoingtofeellikeunbearablepainandwilllikelymakeyouquitwellbeforeyoueverbecomegoodatit.Whe

nyouseepeopleexhibitingsomegreatskillsorhavingachievedgreatsuccess,youknowthattheyhaveputinahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecos

t.It’ssometimeseasytothinktheygotluckyortheywerebornwithsomeraretalent,butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andthe

re’sahugechancethatyou’rewronganyway.Whateveryoudo,ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinandda

yout,almosttothepointofaddiction,andoveralongperiodoftime.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork,don’texpecttoreceiveanyrewards.Consis

tent,toil(苦干)won’tguaranteeyouthelevelofsuccessyoumaywant,butitwillguaranteethatyouwillbecomereallygoodatwhateveritisyouputallthatworkinto.3

2.Paragraph1mainlytalksabout________.A.thereasonsforsuccessB.themeaningofsuccessC.thestandardsofsuccessD.theimportanceofsuccess33.Successfulpeoplesug

gestdoingwhatonelovesbecause________.A.workmakesonefeelpainB.onetendstoenjoyhisworkC.onegivesuphisworkeasilyD.ittakesalotoftimetosucceed34.Whatc

anweinferfromParagraph4?A.Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskills.B.Peopleneedtoachievesuccessatthecostoflife.C.Peoplesometimessucceedwithoutl

uckortalent.D.Ithelpstothinkthatluckortalentleadstosuccess.35.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Success―thechildoftalentandluckB.Success―altitude

ratherthanattitudeC.TimeandtidewaitfornomanD.Timeandtoilmakeforsuccess【答案】32.A33.D34.C35.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要论述了成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气

，而是设定一个符合实际的目标，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功，但是你为之付出的(领域)一定会成为你的优势所在。32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的I’mnotgoingtosaylu

ck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.（我不会说运气、天赋和环境不发挥作用，因为它们起作用）可知，“运气”“天赋”“环境”等都是指成功的条件或理由，因此第一段主要谈论成功的原因。本段中并没有讲

什么是成功，排除选项B(成功的含义)和C(成功的标准)；也没讲成功对人生有哪些重要性，也容易排除选项D。故A选项正确。33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.（这就是

为什么许多成功人士建议你做你喜欢的事情的一个重要原因），此处的this就是指代上文的内容，即第二段的最后两句话oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainth

ings,it'llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon'tputin.（一个人至少要花1万个小时学习和练习。要想在某些事情上变得出色，需要更多的时间，而这些时间是大多数人不会投入的），由此

可知，要成功需要花费大量的时间。故D选项正确。34.推理判断题。根据第四段中的It’ssometimeseasytothinktheygotluckyortheywerebornwithsomeraretalent,butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood

,andthere’sahugechancethatyou’rewronganyway.（有时很容易认为他们是幸运的，或者他们生来就有一些罕见的天赋，但是这样想对你没有好处，而且无论如何你都有很大的可能是错的）可推知，有时候人们的成功并不是靠这些因素，即使没有运气或天赋也能成功。故C选项正确。

35.主旨大意题。概括全文可知，文章主要指出成功的关键不是靠天赋、出身或运气，没有大量的时间和练习，一个人是不会取得成功的。因此，D项“时间和辛劳成就成功”适合做本文最佳标题。故D选项正确。10.【湖北省鄂州市颚南高中2019-2020学年高三10月联考】Janu

s,theRomangod,hastwofaceslookinginoppositedirections.Sodoesartificialintelligence(AI).Ononesidearethepositivechanges,ena

blingpeopletoachievemore,farmorequickly,byusingtechnologytoimprovetheirexistingskills.Looktheotherway,though,andthereareplentyofpot

entialpitfalls.LikeJanus,technologicalchangemayalsocausedisruption(混乱),butAIislikelytohaveabiggerimpactthananyth

ingsincetheappearanceofcomputers,anditsconsequencescouldbefarmoredisruptive.Intheyearsahead,AIwillraisethreebigquestio

nsforbossesandgovernments.Oneistheeffectonjobs.AlthoughCEOspubliclypraisethebroadbenefitsAIwillbring,theirm

aininterestliesincuttingcosts.OneEuropeanbankaskedInfosystofindawayofreducingthestaffinitsoperationsdepartmentfr

om50,000to500.TheMcKinseyGlobalInstituteestimatesthatby2030upto375mpeople,or14%oftheglobalworkforce,couldha

vetheirjobsreplacedbyAI.AsecondimportantquestionishowtoprotectprivacyasAIspreads.Theinternethasalreadymade

itpossibletotrackpeople’sdigitalbehaviorinminutedetail.AIwillofferevenbettertoolsforbusinessestomonitorconsumersandemploy

ees,bothonlineandinthephysicalworld.Consumersaresometimeshappytogoalongwiththisifitresultsinpersonalisedserviceorpromotions.ButAIis

boundtobringinvasionofprivacythatisseenasunacceptable.Forexample,law-enforcementofficialsaroundtheworldwilluseAItospotcriminals,butmayalsomonitoror

dinarycitizens.ThethirdquestionisabouttheeffectofAIoncompetitioninbusiness.Atechnologycompanythatachievesamajorb

reakthroughinartificialintelligencecouldraceaheadofrivals,putothersoutofbusinessandlessencompetition.Thisisunlikelytohappeninthenearfutu

re,butifitdiditwouldbeofgreatconcern.ItistooearlytotellwhetherthepositivechangesbroughtbyAIwilloutweightherisk.Butitwil

lputanendtotraditionalwaysofdoingthingsandstartaneweraforbusinessandfortheworldatlarge.32.Janusismentionedto.A.introducethetopicB.praisetheRomangodC

.tellitsdifferenceD.supportAI33.Theunderlinedword“pitfalls”inparagraph1isprobablymeans.A.consequencesB

.risksC.effectsD.benefits34.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.AIisadouble-edgedsword.B.PeopleshowgreatconcernaboutAI.C.priv

acyisthreatenedbyAI.D.AIwillenjoyabrightfuture.35.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Worried.D.Subject

ive.【答案】32.A33.B34.A35.A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了人工智能是一把双刃剑。人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险，现在下结论还为时过早。但它将终结传统的做事方式，开启一个商业

和整个世界的新时代。32.推理判断题。根据第一段Janus,theRomangod,hastwofaceslookinginoppositedirections.Sodoesartificialintelligence(AI).Ononeside

arethepositivechanges,enablingpeopletoachievemore,farmorequickly,byusingtechnologytoimprovetheirexistin

gskills.Looktheotherway,though,andthereareplentyofpotentialpitfalls.（杰纳斯，罗马的神，有两张脸朝相反的方向。人工智能也是如此。一方面是积极的变化，使人们能够通过使用技术来

提高他们现有的技能，从而更快地实现更多的目标。尽管如此，看看其他方式，有很多潜在的陷阱。）由此推断出，文中提到“杰纳斯”是为了引出“人工智能”具有两面性这个话题，故选A。33.词义猜测题。上文提到了积极的变化，最后一段Itistooearlytotellwh

etherthepositivechangesbroughtbyAIwilloutweightherisk.（人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险，现在下结论还为时过早。）由此可知下文Looktheotherway,though,andthereareplentyofpotentialpitfa

lls.的意思是尽管如此，看看其他方式，有很多潜在的风险。“pitfalls”的意思是风险。A.consequences结果；B.risks风险；C.effects影响；D.benefits利益，故选B。34.主旨大意题。第一段Janu

s,theRomangod,hastwofaceslookinginoppositedirections.Sodoesartificialintelligence(AI).（杰纳斯，罗马的神，有两张脸朝相反的方向。人工智能(AI)也是如此。）是全文的主题句，结

合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了人工智能是一把双刃剑。故选A。35.推理判断题。根据最后一段ItistooearlytotellwhetherthepositivechangesbroughtbyAIwilloutweightherisk.Butitwil

lputanendtotraditionalwaysofdoingthingsandstartaneweraforbusinessandfortheworldatlarge.（人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险，现在下结论还为时过早。但它将终结传统的

做事方式，开启一个商业和整个世界的新时代。）由此推断出，作者对人工智能的态度是客观的，故选A。通过对关键词，关键短语或者是关键的句子的把握是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法之一，它们往往隐藏着深层的意思。小题4根据最后一段Itistooearlytotellwhethertheposi

tivechangesbroughtbyAIwilloutweightherisk.Butitwillputanendtotraditionalwaysofdoingthingsandstartaneweraforbusinessandfort

heworldatlarge.（人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险，现在下结论还为时过早。但它将终结传统的做事方式，开启一个商业和整个世界的新时代。）由此推断出，作者对人工智能的态度是客观的，故选A。