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考点12阅读之主旨大意（解析版）【命题趋势】阅读理解在高考中的比重非常大。所谓“得阅读者得天下”，拿下了阅读就等于拿下了高考的半壁江山。所以提分的重点就在于阅读。而阅读理解中主旨大意题是常考题型，也是容易出错的题型之一。掌握解题步骤，确保主旨大意

题的正确率是非常重要的。【重要考向】一、识别主旨大意题；二、主旨大意题解题方法；考向一识别主旨大意题【典例】【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇】Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyare

morethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysyou‟dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15w

hodoesn‟townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.24.Whatdoespar

agraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根据文章第

二段“Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practi

callyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.(现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚

广受欢迎。故选B项。【主旨大意的识别提分秘籍】题干主要设置：1.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?2.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?3.WhatdoesNielsen'scareerstory

tellus?4.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?5.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?归纳：文章中如何寻找关键词1.举例中的关键词一定不是文章关键词2.Tim

ex是细节词，细节词不能有3.首段出现疑问句时，对该疑问对回答就是主题句考向二主旨大意题解题方法【典例】【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,thes

kiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalreso

urceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheser

esources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsme

n.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepas

sageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewe

tlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederal

DuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentF

ranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98ce

ntsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNation

alWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarsha

sgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationpr

ogramseverinitiated.31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSyste

mC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用

于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。【主旨大意提分秘籍】Mainidea题型的解题步骤1.关键词一定要有2.细节词不能有3.主题句一般在段首断尾，首段尾段1.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】Popularityisawell-explored

subjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables‟pla

ys-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentap

pedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere‟sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.33.Wha

tisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterperson

alskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.【参考答案】A事实细节题本题需要整体理解第二段内容，归纳其段落大意。本段前两句为主旨句，提出受欢迎度这一概念，并且介绍了MitchPrinstein的理论，把受欢迎的人分为两类，后面围绕这

两种分类展开论述。classification与第二句中的categories为同义异构现象。2.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonl

yformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystem

ofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.“That‟swhat‟ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,”shesaid.“They‟retheon

lythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfroman

otheranimal‟scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestur

es,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryi

ngbaby,signalling:“Climbonme.”Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother‟sbackandtheytravelofftogether.“Thebigmessagefromthisstudyis

thatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat‟snotuniquetohumans,”saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,ane

volutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowled

geoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”.“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshav

elittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobey

ondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”30.Whichofthefollowingi

sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthroughB.ChimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskillsC.Chimpan

zees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdomD.Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated【参考答案】D主旨大意题文章第一句即点明主旨，研究人员表明，他们已经破译出野生

黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。3.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelo

fdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That‟swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Aft

erall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhis

approachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsand

exposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestati

sticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilart

obackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatour

creativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheres

ultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—m

ayactuallyimproveone‟screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthin

kingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”a

ppearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,i

nouroffices,wecan‟tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers‟conversationswhilewe‟retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundth

atface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingf

reedomfrominterruptions.35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.He‟sanewsreporter.B.He‟sanofficemanag

er.C.He‟saprofessionaldesigner.D.He‟sapublishedwriter.【参考答案】D推理判断题。根据第一段“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsome

thingIstillthinkaboutoften.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。4.【2021年全国甲卷阅读

理解D篇】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisf

aceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthat

somepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEurope

anorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandards

foradmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedan

drejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“re

ally,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildr

enwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttak

eageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofge

niuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawrit

ersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”15.Whatisthebesttit

leforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根

据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimpl

egeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨

大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。5.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulook

contentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudyResearcherstrainedagroup

of11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（图像）ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalfor

thelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfofthepe

rson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopickt

heangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.28.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogs

can_________.A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfacesC.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根

据短文首段的第二句“Dogsmayinxdeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy”可知，一项新的研究表明,狗可能真地

可以辨别人的表情是高兴还是愤怒，紧接着后文又详细介绍了研究过程和结论，即狗能够识别人的表情，且倒数第二段的“Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethat

atleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfaciallexpressions”一句明确给出了结论。故选B项。6.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobe

equippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwit

hhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetwee

nthem,Mullersaid.30.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.Amajorlimitationofthestud

yD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“...whydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfaci

alexpressionsinhurmans”可知最后一段解释了为什么看起来狗具备识别人类表情的能力，也就是为什么会有这样的实验研究结论。故选B项。7.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解B篇】Welivein

atownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmyc

hildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen-anyscreen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookin

gatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebegunc

omingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothe

pointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedth

atsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedoc

umentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork

agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature."Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."There

isalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeah

abitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."Summerisupo

nus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.27.Whatcanbeasui

tabletitleforthetext?A.LetChildrenHaveFunB.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTireC.MarketNaturetoChildrenD.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren【参考答

案】C主旨大意题。作者通过回忆自己小时候在外面玩，以及现在自己的孩子花费在屏幕上时间太多，而不再出去玩了，过渡并叙述了很多人们意识到了这个问题，并且以电影导演DavidBond为例，拍摄纪录片，倡导让孩子们到户外，到大自然中去等，因此C项符合题意。8.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】L

eslieNielsen'schildhoodwasadifficultone,buthehadoneparticularshiningstarinhislife-hisuncle,whowasawell-knownactor.Theadmirationandrespect

hisuncleearnedinspiredNielsentomakeacareer（职业）inacting.Eventhoughheoftenfelthewouldbediscoveredtobeano-talent,hemovedforward,gainingascholarshipt

otheNeighborhoodPlayhouseandmakinghisfirsttelevisionappearanceafewyearslaterin1948.However,becomingafull-time,successfulactorwouldstillbea

nuphillbattleforanothereightyearsuntilhelandedanumberoffilmrolesthatfinallygothimnoticed.Buteventhen,whathehadwasn'tquitewhathewa

nted.Nielsenalwaysfeltheshouldbedoingcomedybuthisgoodlooksanddistinguishedvoicekepthimbusyindramaticroles

.Itwasn'tuntil1980-32yearsintohiscareer-thathelandedtheroleitwouldseemhewasmadeforinAirplane!Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhi

scareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.DidNielsenthenfeelcon

tentinhiscareer?Yesandno.Hewasthrilledtobedoingthecomedythathealwaysfeltheshoulddo,butevenduringhislastfewyears,healwayshadase

nseofcuriosity,wonderingwhatnewroleorchallengemighthejustaroundthecomer.Heneverstoppedworking,neverretired.LeslieNielsen'sdevotiontoacting

iswonderfullyinspiring.Hebuiltahugelysuccessfulcareerwithlittlemorethanplainoldhardworkanddetermination.Heshowedusthatev

enasingledesire,nevergivenupon,canmakeforaremarkablelife.23.WhatdoesNielsen'scareerstorytellus?A.Arti

slong,lifeisshort.B.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest.C.It'snevertoolatetolearn.D.Wherethere'sawillthere'saway.【参考答案】D推理判断题。本

文主要介绍了尼尔森受叔叔的影响在进入演艺圈，并且32年后因一部电影让其喜剧天分发挥到极致而一举成名，从而实现了他想成为喜剧演员的梦想。由此可知，有志者事竟成。故选D。9.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】Theconnectionbe

tweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudyconducte

dinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreprodu

ctivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Em

ployeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.【参考答案】D主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,d

iscoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductive

whentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物

的益处。故选D。10.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffec

ts.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeesweresho

wntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstitute

ofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions….Oneofhislatestp

rojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.…Inthefuture,theteamhopestodev

elopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant‟slifetime.…Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotale

lectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）—suchasthedistancefromapowerplan

ttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.3

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsrep

lacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【参考答案】C主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityco

nsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetla

mpsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明

约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发

了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。11.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】Someparentswillbuyany

high-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLev

ine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspa

tialskills….Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandf

oundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhopl

ayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparen

tswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatoneti

me.…ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstu

dy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法

，故选B项。12.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptoth

reebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,Ilivedoutadventuresthroughthebo

oksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.Myfirstjobwasworkingat…AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.…Ialw

aysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!...Now,Iseemy

childrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogener

ation.Asanovelist,I‟vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan‟taffordtopurchaseabook.I

seelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway

,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereadersto

usethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:A

SourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【参考答案】D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知

，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项

“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。13.【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigit

alizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor‟sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图

像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."B.Thecreationofdigitalizedape

s.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes."D.Theperformanceofrealapes.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-ca

pture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor‟sperformanceandlaterpr

ocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关

于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。14.【2020全国卷III阅读理解C篇】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosing

tolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroun

dfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristo

l—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontd

oorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysK

athrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit‟sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoi

nt,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It‟shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,bu

tresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhad

risenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyp

arents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in199

1.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremulti

generationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband‟sfami

lywhentheygetmarried.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.Aho

usingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【参考答案】D主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独

),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。15

.【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Ass

cientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.Peop

leinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthern

Europehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadapta

tion—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,n

umberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they‟vealsobuil

thousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudies

theBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,sp

earfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywa

lkingunderthesea."In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturie

sofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedliketheperfectchancef

ornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefor

thetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders‟SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWor

ld‟sBestDivers【参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadap

tion-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠

海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。16.【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解B篇】JeniferMauer

hasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduat

edfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Mauer,ofEd

gar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighscho

ol,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacolleg

eeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherow

n.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauCla

ireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome

.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtocarher

degree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,

sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimpor

tanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchild

renhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherf

amily-andthat'sprettypowerful.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?（）A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationis

thekeytosuccess.【参考答案】C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Throughitall,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好

的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduat

eandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat‟stheprettypowerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的

家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C.H

ardworkpaysoff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。17.【2020北京卷阅读理解C篇】Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-

forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript(手稿)consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions

,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.Theauthor’sintentionremainsasmysterious(神秘)ashisname;hemayhavebe

ensimplytakingnotesforhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn’ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed.“

Yousimplycan’tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,”shesays.ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebes

tsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn’tjustaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.…Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smiths

ays.…Smithhasputthemanuscript’sideasintopractice.…Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphilosophy”—tooksha

pe,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpinunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering(修补)

,ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebes

tofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB．Craf

tsmanshipLeadstoNewTheoriesC．CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD．CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience【参考答

案】C主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswit

hthehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsma

nshipMakesBetterScientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短

语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。18.【2020浙江

卷阅读理解C篇】Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpy

ourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUni

versityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers‟memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabattery

oftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulati

ng（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（认知）functio

natamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants‟overallhealth

status.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou‟reinpain,youmayfeeltired.But

itmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It‟snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkth

atcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter‟sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustass

timulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（协调）,”shesays.“Youhavetoorgan

izetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingot

herenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmin

dbusycanonlyhelp.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleSh

ouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【参考答案】C【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Challengingworkthatrequires

lotsofanalyticalthinking，planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage”以及最后一段最后一句“Still,cont

inuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.”可知，具有挑战性的工作能帮助我们保持大脑健康，这也是贯穿全文的主旨句。文章通过阐释实验研究、引用权威话语等方式都是围绕“有难度的工作能保持大脑

敏锐”展开的。故选C。19.【2020浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Today‟sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessis

persistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydisco

veredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefin

dingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementins

chool.“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,”Padilla-Walkersaid.“Thisresearchalsohelpstoprove

thatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence—whichcanbetaught—arekeytoachild‟slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedtha

tdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative”parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrollin

g.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;respo

nsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy,about52percento

fthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthori

tativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-old

slivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffuturerese

arch.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAd

ultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance【参考答案

】C主旨大意题文章主要论述了父亲的行为会影响孩子毅力的养成。故C项ChildrenTendtolearnDeterminationfromFather是文章的最佳标题。20.【2019北京卷阅读理解C篇】Theproblemofrobocal

lshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon‟tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺诈）.W

earefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgetting

through.Unfortunately,it‟stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese＂solutions"（解决方案）becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocl

everermeans.Inthenearfuture,it‟snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou‟re

hearingisactuallyreal.That‟sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabo

uttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear‟sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletopr

oducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelop

mentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdata

breaches（数据侵入）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother‟sname,andfarmore.Armedwithth

isknowledge,they‟reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlo

okstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller‟s,trickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother‟sname,andcardnu

mber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voi

cemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetwor

ks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatm

ightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltoge

therandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishard

toearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebe

sttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDange

rousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology【参考答案】C主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话：自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自

动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。文章第一段表明主题：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故选C。21.【2019全

国卷I阅读理解D篇】Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatu

s.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes

,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,apro

fessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables‟plays-well-with-othersqualitiess

trengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere‟stheki

ndofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhavese

emed,Dr.Prinstein‟sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are＂mostl

ikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandriskybehavior.＂Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin

235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.＂Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreagg

ressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatu

shasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovert

olateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincam

etoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthose

outcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvan

tage,＂hesaid.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon‟tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.Mor

eSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness【参考答案】A主旨大意题纵观全文，作者论述受欢迎度对青少年的影响。本题A选项学生理解起来较困难，可通过排除法去做，B选项“地位越高越好”，显然违背文章主旨；C选项“成为最好的自己，你可以的”，有一定干扰性，但

文中没有提到成为最好的，而是要成为最受欢迎的；D选项“多一些自我控制，少一些攻击性”，文中没有提到自我控制。再根据最后一段中的Beingliked(讨人喜欢)createsopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflife

experiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage可推知，正确选项为A“友善一点(讨人喜欢)”，你将不会排在最后(你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后)。finish获得(名次)，如finishfirst/s

econdetc.。22.【2019全国卷II阅读理解C篇】MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach‟sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforh

ersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel‟s"me"time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she‟snotal

one.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf（53percent）havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf（46percent）havelunchbyt

hemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport."Iprefertogooutand

beout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?"Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalm

Beach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapea

llowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized."Today,Ijustwantedsometimetom

yself,"shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhi

sphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）."Iref

lectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,"hesaid."It'sachanceforself-reflection,Youreturntoworkrecharged

andwithaplan."Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutas

kingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable."Itdoesn'tfeelasal

oneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,"saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.31.Whatisthetextmainlyab

out?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.【参考答案】

A主旨大意题本文通过一份报告的统计数据和两个实例说明美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势，并在文章最后一段提出人们选择独自用餐的原因。因此A项正确。23.【2019全国卷II阅读理解D篇】Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.The

microorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscle

aningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It‟sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.Itd

ependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,

NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon‟sstudentshaveb

eenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey‟reclosetoasolution（解决方案）.“Wedon‟tgivethes

tudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager."Therearenotests,"Gordonsays."Thereisnograded

homework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan'Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it‟s'I‟vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,

presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it‟snotaverynicethingattimes.35.Whatist

hebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD.HU

NCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform【参考答案】B主旨大意题文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生

们通过homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。24.【2019全国卷III阅读理解B篇】ForWesterndesigners,Chinaa

nditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill

,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthi

syear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideC

hineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionablei

maginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"

saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffas

hion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethe

mselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.ForHill,itisi

mpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"s

hesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences

,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."27.Whatca

nbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.Differenc

esBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【参考答案】D主旨大意题本文通过AmandaHill的评论

，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。25.【2019浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofe

etacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoastt

otheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55perce

nt;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.27.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousness

ofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaf

orests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.【参考答案】A段落大意题第二段内容提到，新研究发现，超过4.6万平方英里的加州森林中，直径大于两英尺的树木数量下降了50%。从雾气弥漫的北部海岸到内华达山脉，再到洛杉矶上空的圣加布

里埃尔，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响。在塞拉高地，大树的数量下降了55%以上；在南加州部分地区，下降率接近75％。由此可知，第二段主要介绍了加州大树的受损情况。26.【2018全国卷I阅读理解B篇】GoodMorningBritain‟sSusannaReidisusedtogrillinggu

estsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMon

ey:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwa

ste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe‟sbeenabletop

utalotofwhatshe‟slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphone

frommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheya

reflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe‟renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodours

elves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV‟sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromtheva

strangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight‟sEasterspe

cialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily‟slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstillt

astyrecipes.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPe

rfectChefD.CookingWellforLess【参考答案】D主旨大意题本文主要介绍了SusannaReid主持的电视节目SaveMoney:GoodFood。由第一段...showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutriti

ousmealsonatightbudget，第二段...offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday和最后一段Theteamt

ransforms...withlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.可知SaveMoney:GoodFood这个节目旨在帮助家庭用更少的钱做出美味可口的饭菜。27.【2018全国卷I阅读理解C篇】Languagesh

avebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-g

atherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbeliev

ethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.So

onafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,indust

rialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbett

ercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareinc

reasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegene

ralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenb

ysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuine

aaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld‟slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplet

hanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.P

ick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustr

alia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People

‟slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【参考答案】C主旨大意题通读全文，可知文章主要讲述随

着人类社会的发展，语言的种类越来越少。28.【2018全国卷II阅读理解D篇】We‟veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeo

plewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What‟stheproblem?It‟spos

siblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It‟smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit‟sawkwardandchallenging,orwethin

kit‟sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit‟saninval

uablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan‟tforgetthatdeeprelati

onshipswouldn‟tevenexistifitweren‟tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBern

ardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginsw

ithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,Eliz

abethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)wi

thitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhi

gherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It‟snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”sayDunn.“B

utinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeo

plewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongin

gstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCountsB.WaysofMak

ingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence【参考答案】C主旨大意题文章第二段便提出论点：Expertssayit‟saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits，

接下来便通过引用专家的言论以及实验结果来证明闲谈的益处及重要性，所以文章的主旨是“闲谈的益处”。29.【2018全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriv

er.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeh

arbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotall

citiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwas

discoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.Dawsondidnothaveanyofthen

aturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.Thepath

toDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.Formanywhomadei

ttoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestofth

eirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbe

enfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCity

asquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCit

y—itspresentpopulationis762.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theriseandfallofacity.B.ThegoldrushinCanada.C.Journeys

intothewilderness.D.TourisminDawson.【参考答案】A主旨大意题通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加拿大城市道森市的兴衰史。道森市虽然地理位置不占优势，生存环境也比较恶劣，但因为金矿的发现而繁荣起来。然而随着金矿被挖掘一空，人们又都陆续迁离这里，道

森市又变成人烟稀少的城市，由此过程可看出道森市的大起大落。30.【2018全国卷III阅读理解D篇】Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydow

eoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearliertha

nIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofoureffort

s,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerob

jectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金）(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor)Forw

eeks,I‟vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpth

emlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywit

hhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenmin

utes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingi

t.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogeth

er.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB

.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving【参考答案】C主旨大意题文章第一段最后一句ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtoliv

emorewithless是全文的中心句，第二、三段分别以女儿和儿子的事例来支持文章的中心观点。因此LiveMorewithLess最适合做文章的标题。31.【2018浙江卷阅读理解B篇】StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitm

akessensewhenyouconsiderthathe‟sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetru

cksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein‟sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.Americansusemoretha

n100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcit

iesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehi

ringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongt

hebagmakers‟arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergy

toproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegr

oundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,the

longeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfound

thatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon‟tdispute(质疑)thesep

oints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeither

B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl【参考答案】A主旨大意题本文通过对比塑料购物袋和可重复使用的购物袋各自的利弊来讨论哪一种对环境更有害，故

A选项为最佳标题。32.【2018浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Istarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions:toattackonebigbookfromthepast,aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungand

ambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental:“MobyDick”onathree-daycross-countrytraintrip;“TheMagicMou

ntain”inaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors,notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms,andlittletodobeyondro

wonthesaltpond.Attempting“TheManWithoutQualities”onareturntoHawaii,mynativestate,however,waslessfruitful:I

madeitthroughoneandaquartervolumes(册),thendecidedthatI‟dgotthepointandwentswimminginstead.ButthissummerIfindmyselfatal

oss.I‟mnotquiteinterestedinBalzac,say,or“TristramShandy.”There‟salways“WarandPeace,”whichI‟vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes,onlytoge

tboggeddowninthe“War”part,setitasideforawhile,andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain,havingforgotteneveryone‟snameandsoci

alrank.Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreinto“TheWaves”or“Justine,”whichfeelsalmostlikecheating,tooexcit

ingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.Andthenthere‟sStendhal‟s“TheRedandtheBlack,”whichhappenstobethenameo

fmyfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer,createdbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackForty.Itiseasytodrink,andknockingbackthreeorfourseemslikesuchadeli

ghtfulidea.Cecconi‟stheory:“Itakewhatever‟sfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid.”Theresultisapureshotofafternooninthepark,makingone

feelcheerfulandpeacefulallatonce,lyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut,sunbeatingthroughthelids...30.Whatcanbeasuita

bletitleforthetext?A.TheBooksofSummerB.MySummerHolidaysC.ToReadorNottoReadD.It‟sNeverTooLatetoRead【参考答案】答案A解析主旨大

意题。作者在第一段讲到自己每年夏天都会选一本名著来读,并交代了读书的环境和背景;第二、三段讲到了今年夏天作者对于选哪本书的困惑,综合全文来看,文章主要讲的是“暑期的书”。1.【安徽省“江淮十校”2019-2020年高三

上学期第一次联考】Untilthe1990scoffeewasrarelyservedinChinaexceptatluxuryhotelsaimedatforeigners.WhenStarbucksopen

editsfirstoutlettherein1999,itwasfarfromclearthatthecountry‟savidtea-drinkerswouldtaketosuchadifferent-andusuallymorecostly-sourceofcaffeine.

Starbuckstriedtoattractcustomersunusedtocoffee‟sbittertastebypromotingmilkandsugar-heavyconcoctions(调和)s

uchasFrappuccinos.ButcoffeehasbecomefashionableamongthemiddleclassinChina.Starbucksnowhasabout3,800outletsinChina

-morethaninanyothercountryoutsideAmerica.Statista,abusiness-intelligenceportal(门户网站),saystheroastcoffeemarketinChinaisgrowingbymorethan10%y

ear.Starbucksanditsrivalsseebigopportunitiesforexpandingthere.Sotoo,however,dohome-growncompetitors.AmajornewpresenceisLuckinCoffee,Beijing-basedch

ain.Sinceitsfoundinglessthantwoyearsago,ithasopenedmorethan2,300outlets.OnMay17thLuckin‟sinitialpublicofferingontheNasdaqstockmarke

traisedmorethan$570m,givingitavalueofabout$4bn.Luckin‟sremarkablegrowthissignofchange.NolongerdoChineseconsum

ersseecoffeeassuchaluxury.MostofLuckin‟soutletsaremerelykioskswherebusywhite-collarworkerspickuptheirdrinks

,havingorderedthemonline.Super-fastdeliverycanalsobearrangedthroughthecompany‟sapp.Independentcoffeesh

opsarespringingup.Thegrowthisstrikinggiventhecountry‟sreputationforitstea-drinkingculturewheremanyresidentsliketorelaxinteahousessippingteaserve

dgracefully.Butthetwomarketsaredifferent.Theteahousestendtocatertoolderpeoplewholiketospendlonghoursplayingmahjongandg

ossiping.Atthecoffeeshopsitisraretoseeanyoneover40.Youngpeopleusethemforsocialising,butmuchoftheirinteractioni

sonline-sharingphotosoftheirdrinksandofthecoffee-makingequipment.AnoptionontheChineseratingappDianping

allowsuserstosearchforwanghong("internetviral")coffeehouses:oneswithparticularlyphotogenicdecor(照片装饰)WherebettertosipandWeChat?31.W

hatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CoffeeistakingoffinChina.B.Tea-drinkingisnotpopular.C.Coffeeortea,whichdoyouprefer?D.Coffeehasbecom

epeople‟sfavoriteinChina.【参考答案】A主旨大意题。本文从1999年星巴克入住中国，到中国本土的瑞幸咖啡的兴起，从中国人不习惯咖啡的苦味道到态度的转变，主要讲述了咖啡在中国的兴起。故选A。2.【安徽省“江淮十校”2019-2020年

高三上学期第一次联考】Olderwomenwhowalkalittleoverthreekilometerseachdaymightlivelongerthanlessactivewomenofthesame

age,anewstudysuggests.ManyAmericanshopingtostayhealthysetadailygoalof10,000steps,orabouteightkilometers.Theyoftenhav

ethisgoalbecausetheyarewearingelectronicdeviceswhichsetthattarget,noteresearchersintheUnitedStates.Theirfindingsappearedrecentlyinthepublicat

ionJAMAInternalMedicine.Butitisnotclearhowmuchintensity(强度)orspeedmatterwhencountingthehealthbenefitsofeverystep,theresearcherswrite.They

addthat10,000stepsperdaymightnotbetherightgoalforeveryone.Forthestudy,researchersobserved17,000women,allintheirearly70s.Theyaskedthewomento

wearaccelerometersforatleastfourdays.Accelerometersaresmalldevicesthatmeasurethenumberofstepsandtheint

ensityofmovement.Theresearchersfollowedupwiththewomenmuchlater,around4.3yearslater,onaverage.Sincethebeginningofthestudy,504womenhaddied.Compared

towomenwhotooknomorethan2,718stepsdaily,thewomenwhotookatleast4,363stepsperdaywere41percentlesslikelyto

die.“Evenamodestamountofstepsisassociatedwithlowerdeathrates,"saidI-MinLee,theleadwriterofareportonthestudy."Therateofsteppingdidnotmatterinthese

olderwomen:itwasthenumberofstepsthatmattered.Thestudyhadafewlimitations.Forexample,theresearchersonlymeasuredwomen‟smovementsonce,atthesta

rtofthestudyperiod.Itispossiblethatthewomen‟sbehaviorschangedovertime.Still,theresultsare"goodnewsforolde

radultswhomayhavedifficultywalkingatfasterpaces,"saidKeithDiaz,aresearcheratColumbiaUniversity.Hewasnotinvolvedinthestudy.

“Anywalkingisbetterthannothing,"Diazsaidbyemail."Withevensmallamountsofwalking,yourriskofdeathwillbesharplyreduced"Forthosewhohavedifficultywalking,

otherresearchshowsthatanyformofaerobicactivityprovideshealthbenefits,"headded."Swimming,bicyclingoranyformofactivitythatiscontinuousinnatu

rewillprovidehealthbenefits.32.Whatconclusioncanwecometofromthetext?A.Peoplewhowalkabout10,000stepscanl

ivelonger.B.10,000stepsperdaymightbetherightgoalforpeople.C.Themorestepsonewalksperday,thelongerlifehemayliv

e.D.Thenumberofstepsisimportantforalonglifeamongolderwomen.【参考答案】D主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其第5段的内容“Anywalkingisbetterthannothing”可知，每天走的步数对身体健康很重要。并且

第而段明确指出1000步这个目标不是适用于每个人的。所以选项AB都不正确。选项C（走的越多越长寿）描述太偏激，也不正确。故选D。3.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】Astheoldsayinggoes,“Don‟tjudgeaboo

kbyitscover.”Andneithershouldwejudgemoviestarsbytheirages.Atjust21,ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjury(评审团

)memberattheCannesFilmFestival.ThisyearitlastedfromMay14thtoMay25th.“IwasincompleteshockwhenIgotthatphonecallandthatquestion

ifIwantedtobeamemberoftheCannesJury,”Fanningsaidduringapressconference.Asitturnedout,itnotonlyshockedtheUSactress,butalsobroughtcriticismfrom

thosewhobelievedFanningwastooyoungcomparedtootherveteransintheindustry.ButFanning‟sactingexperiencewasinfactagoodargume

ntforherjurymembership.Infact,FanninghasbeenaHollywoodfixtureforlongerthanyourealize.The21-year-oldhasbeeninmanybigpr

oductions.ShebeganactinginIAmSamatage2.WithleadrolesinmovieslikeSuper8,WeBoughtaZooandMaleficentunder

herbelt(取得成功),she‟sappearedin60projectsandisoneofHollywood‟shottestyoungstars.Fanning‟sdevotiontoworknumbersheramongthefewformerc

hildstarswhocontinuetoactasadults.InherlatestmovieTeenSpirit,whichhitUScinemaslastmonth,Fanningplaysapopsinger.Sinceshehadnosingingexperience,Fa

nninghadtoworkwithGrammy-winningmusicproducerMariusdeVriesforthreemonthsbeforethefilmingstarted.“Iwouldgotohisapartmentan

dsingthroughallthesongseveryday,”shesaid.“Hevideoedmeandrecordedmesingingeverythingandmademewatchitbackagainandagaintoimprovemyskills.”Withsuchric

hactingexperienceanddevotiontoherart,“Fanningcertainlywasabletorepresentanewclassinfilm”attheCannesFilmFestival.【

参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中Atjust21,ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjurymemberattheCannesFilmFestival.（年仅21岁的艾丽·范宁成为戛纳电影节最年轻的评审团成员

，创造了历史。）以及主要内容可知主要围绕着艾丽·范宁赢得了她的荣誉的事情。故选A。4.【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】When"irregardless"wasincludedinMerriam-Websterdictionary,

itcausedwidedisagreements.“Irregardless”hasbeeninwidespreadandnear-constantusesince1795,whenanewspap

ercalledTheCharlestonCityGazelleofCharlestonGa.,firstusedit.WedonotmaketheEnglishlanguage,wemerelyrecordit,“thedictio

nary'sstaffwrotein“WordsoftheWeek”.Theword'sdefinition,whenwereadit,wouldseemtobewithoutregard.However,Merriam-Websterdefines"irregardless"

as“nonstandard”butmeaningthesameas“regardless”.AccordingtoMerriam-Webster,"Manypeoplefind'irregardless'tobearid

iculousword,astheir-prefixusuallyindicatesnegativemeaning;however,inthiscaseitappearstomakethemeaningof'regardless

‟stronger."“It'snotarealword.Idon'tcarewhatthedictionarysays,”respondsauthorMichelleRay,whoteachesEnglishinSilverSpri

ng,Md.Andshesaysshe'sstillplanningtomark“irregardless"asincorrectonherstudents'work.AnAmericannewspape

rtheBaltimoreSunpublishedthewordineditorJohnMcIntyre'scommentaryonSaturday:Irregardless'istooaword;youjustdon'tunderst

anddictionaries.Peoplegetupsetaboutthedictionarybecausetheythinkitissomesortofofficialdocument.Butactua

lly,it'snot.It'sjustlexicographersidentifyingwordsthatpeopleuseandtryingtofindouthowtheyarespelled,howtheyarepronounced,wha

tmeaningstheyhaveandwheretheycamefrom."“Thedictionary'srecognitiondoesn'tenrollawordascorrectintheEnglishlanguage,“McIntyresays."Itjus

tsaysthisisawordthatalotofpeopleuseinEnglish.Andhere'swhatweknowaboutit."Soit'saword,butitsuseisstilldiscoura

gedinformalwriting.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．"Irregardless"IsFrequentlyUsedinFormalWritingB．ExpertsCan'tA

greeontheMeaningof“Irregardless"C．"Irregardlee"Shouldn'tbeIncludedintheDictionaryD．RegardlessofWhatYouThink,“I

rregardless"IsaWord【参考答案】D主旨大意题。根据第一段中“When"irregardless"wasincludedinMerriam-Websterdictionary,itcausedwidedisagreements.(当irregardless一词被收录进韦氏词典

时，引起了广泛的争议)”结合文章介绍了“irregardless”这个单词的起源，韦氏词典对其的解释以及人们对此的不同看法。可知，D选项“不管你怎么想，„irregardless‟就是算一个单词”最符合文章标题。故选D。5.【河北省实验中学202

1届高三月考】VictorFrankl，theauthorofMansSearchfarMeaning，oncewrote，"'Everythingcanbetakenfromapersonbutonething：thelas

tofhumanfreedoms-tochooseone'sattitudeinanygivensetofcircumstances．"Franklwasright．Attitudeisachoice．Youcouldbefacedwithathousand

problems，manyormostoverwhichyouhaveabsolutelynocontrol．However，thereisalwaysonethingyouareincompleteandabsolutecontrolofandthatisyourownattitude．To

behonest，itwasn'tuntilIwasinmylate20sthatIfinallyunderstooditsfullimpact．Allthroughmyteensandintomyearlyadultlife，Ican'ttellyouthenumberof

timesthatIheard，"Bob，ifyou'djustchangeyourattitude，youwoulddoalotbetter"Atthattime，Ididn'tknowwhatattitudewas，letaloneknowhowtochangei

t!Attitudeandresultsareinseparable，Theyfollowoneanotherasnightfollowsday．Oneisthecause，whiletheother，theresult．Thereisatermweusetodistinguishthis"ca

useandeffect"relationship，whichiscalledTheLawofCauseandEffect．Simplystated，ifyouthinkinnegativeterms，youwillg

etnegativeresults；ifyouthinkinpositiveterms，youwillachievepositiveresults．Somepeoplealwaysseewrongthingsintheworld．Theseindividualsareq

uicktoblamecircumstancesorotherpeoplefortheirproblems，ratherthanacceptingresponsibilityfortheirlifeandth

eirattitude．Thus，itwouldappearasiftheywerebornwithbadluckandithasfollowedthemaroundtheirwholelife．However，thereareotherswho

areforeverwinningandlivingthegoodlife．Theyaretherealmoversandshakerswhomakethingshappen．Theyseemtogofromonemajoraccomplishmenttoanother．They'reincon

troloftheirlife．Theirwinsareamatterofchoice．Youcanexperiencethatkindoflifeaswell，youonlyneedtodecide．DorotheaBrando

ncesaid，"Actasifitwereimpossibletofail，"andIchallengeyoutodoso．Bysimplybecomingawarethatyoucanchooseyourthoughtseachand

everyday，youwillchangeyourentireoutlook．Youhavethepowertochooseanabundantlifenomatterwhatyourcircumstancesare．Don't

waittoexperienceallthewonderfulthingstheuniversehasinstoreforyou．Starttodaybyworkingonyourattitudeandwelcometheabundantlifethatyouareme

anttolead．11．Whatisthewriter'smessageconveyedinthispassage？______A．Winningisamatterofcontrol．B．Successbegi

nswithpositiveattitude．C．Badattituderesultsinbadresults．D．Attitudeandresultsareinseparable．【参考答案】B主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段“Bysimplybecomin

gawarethatyoucanchooseyourthoughtseachandeveryday，youwillchangeyourentireoutlook．Youhavethepowertochooseanabundan

tlifenomatterwhatyourcircumstancesare．Starttodaybyworkingonyourattitudeandwelcometheabundantlifethatyo

uaremeanttolead”可知，只要意识到你可以每天选择你的想法，你就会改变你的整个观点。无论你的境遇如何，你都有能力选择富足的生活。从今天开始，改变你的态度，迎接你想要的生活。所以本文主要讲述了成功始于积极的态度。故选B。6.【重庆市一中

2021届高三适应性考试】AndrewGreydoesn‟tfitmostpeople‟sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalaboruniver

sity,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA‟sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistsh

elpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscien

ce,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedi

n,”saysChrisLincoln,anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天体物理学家)andcofounderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdo

zensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognit

ionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject,”Dr.Lintonsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages,graphs,orev

enseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,partic

ularlyamateurscientists,don‟tstayfocusedonwhatthey‟resupposedto.Andthat‟sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusua

lthingsinsdataset.“Andcitizensciencedoesn‟thavetobedirectedbyascientist,”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramonScience,Te

chnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthencanalsobecitizenscie

ntists,”shesays.That‟swhathappenedinFlint,Michigan,whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcause

dabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecam

eprofessionalized,regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels,scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromev

erydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwereintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”11．Whatwoul

dbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Citizenscientistscanbeintelligent.B．Scienceisimportanttoeveryone.C．Anyonecanbeascientist.D．Scienceise

verywhere.【参考答案】C主旨大意题。文章第一段通过对AndrewGrey这位平民科学家的介绍来引出全文；第二段中的Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpi

ngresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.说明这样的平民科学家目前有很多；第五段中的Andcitizensciencedoesn‟thavetobedirectedbyascientist说明想成为平民科

学家并不难。再通过下文中regularpeople,helpfromeverydaypeople,scienceiseasy这些字眼可判断，文章主要讲述了普通人也可以研究科学，成为科学家，C项Anyonecanbeascientist.很好地概括了全文的主旨大意。故选C项。7.【河

北省保定市2021届高三模拟】Formanywhite-collarworkersaroundtheworld,therecentpandemichasmeanthavingtoworkfromhome.Theirusualofficelocationhasbeenoutofbounds.This

meansdifferentworkingpractices,whichhaveadvantagesanddisadvantagesforemployees.Butthebigquestionis,“Willtheyeverseeth

eirofficesagain?”Homeworkinghasmadepeoplerealizewhattaskstheycanperformathome,ratherthanenduringacom

mutetotheofficetodothesamething.Ithasgiventhemmoretimewiththefamily;they‟vebeensleepingbetterandhavesav

edmoneybynottravellingorbuyinglunchesonthego.Andrecentresearchsuggeststhemajorityofpeopleworkingfromhomearejustasproductive.Forsomepeo

ple,thiscouldbeapermanentarrangement.IntheUK,fiftyofthebiggestemployersquestionedbyBBC,havesaidtheyhavenoplanstoreturnallstafftotheofficefull-timei

nthenearfuture.Ofcourse,onemainreasonisthatfirmscouldn‟tseeawayofaccommodatinglargenumbersofstaffwhilesocialdistancingregulationswerestillinplace.B

utBBCalsoheardfromsomesmallerbusinesseswhoaredecidingtoabandontheirofficesaltogether.Otherbiggercompaniesarealsolooking

atshuttingofficestosavemoneyasmanyjobscanbeperformedremotely.PeterCheese,headoftheCharteredInstituteofPersonnelandDevelop

ment,toldBBC:“We‟reatamomentofrealchangeintheworldofwork,drivenbybigexistentialcrises.”Butthisisn‟tgreat

newsforeveryone.Someemployeescanfeelisolatedathome,andthere‟slessopportunitytonetworkorlearnfromotherpeople,especiallyifthey‟reanewr

ecruit.Also,citycentersmaysuffermostfromachangeinworkinghabits.Shopsandcafesrelyonthefootfallofofficeworkers,andwithoutthem,theyfaceclos

ure.Thefutureisstilluncertain,whichiswhyttmaybetooearlytosaywhereourdeskswillbepermanentlylocated.Buttheofficeofthefuturemaybey

ourhome.31．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A．DoesWorkingFromHomeBenefitaLot?B．WillOfficesDisappearintheFuture?C．TheUsualOfficeLocation

HasBeenoutofBoundsD．DifferentWorkingPracticesHaveAdvantagesandDisadvantages【参考答案】B主旨大意题。第一段最后一句Butthebigquestionis,“Willtheyeverseethe

irofficesagain?”（但最大的问题是，“他们还能再见到自己的办公室吗?”）提出了文章的论点“员工是否还会回办公室办公”，下文进行了讨论，在最后一段最后两句“Thefutureisstilluncertain,whichiswhyitmaybeto

oearlytosaywhereourdeskswillbepermanentlylocated.Buttheofficeofthefuturemaybeyourhome.”（未来仍不确定，这就是为什么现在说我们的办公桌将永久放在哪里可能还为时过早。未来的办公室可能是你的家。），

可推断，作者认为办公室是否会消失尚不能定论。所以选项B（办公室会在未来消失吗?）是最好的标题。故选B。8.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】Alecturehallshouldbelikeachurch-alittletoodark,muchtoocold,anduncomfor

tablysilent.Youshouldfeelguiltyopeningyourwaterbottle,becauseall200peopleintheroomcanhearit.SowhenI‟mtryingtopayattention,thelastthingyoushoul

dbedoingiscarryingonaconversationaboutyourlastweekendpartyoranythingelse.Duringthepastschoolterm,I‟vehadenough.Oneofmybiggestcomplaintsof

largeclasssizesisthetendencyforthreetofivefriendstosittogetherandloudlywhispereachothers‟earsoffforanhourand15minutesstraight.Mystupidmonkeybrainca

n‟thelpbutfocusonyourconversationaboutthedifferencebetweenashblondeandlightblondecoloredhairthatlookexactlythesame.Tome,itjustfeelslikea

waste.You‟reactivelywastingmoney,andmissingvitalinformation.We(andthegovernment)payquitealotforoureducation,butyouareheretoignoresomeon

esignificantlymoreexperiencedthanus,inclasseswepicked,forhourseveryweek.Iknowmajorrequirementscanbeboring,butthisisstil

laneducation.Itrequirestwo-wayeffort.Mostofstudentsherehaveatleastonegoalincommon:success.Noteverycheckpointonthatpathisgoingtobefilledwithjoy.

Sitdown,shutup,andforceyourselftolistentoyourprofessor.Societytellsusitwilleventuallypayoff.Ormaybeitwon‟tbecauseyoudon‟twantto.Ia

ctuallydon‟tcareifyoudecidetopaylittleornoattentiontothelectureitself,solongasyou‟renotbeingdisturbing.Forthosew

illingtotry,in20yearswhenyoufinallypayoffyourdebtwithyourfairlysecurewhite-collarjob,you‟lllookbackandbehappythatyouwentthroughthelectures.15

．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．HardWorkPaysOff!B．FocusontheLectures!C．WastingYourTimeIsaShame!D．MindYourIn-Cla

ssBehavior!【参考答案】D主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，“我”写这篇文章是结合自己的听课经历：课堂上很多人窃窃私语，影响“我”听课。所以我谈自己对这种行为的观点：Iknowmajorrequirementscanbeboring,butthisisstillaneducation

.及Sitdown,shutup,andforceyourselftolistentoyourprofessor.Societytellsusitwilleventuallypayoff.课堂上就要坐好，不说话，迫使自己听教授的课。社会最终会对我们有回报。因此，课

堂上要注意自己的行为。因此选D项。9.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】Realfinancialsecurityandfreedomisnotinourjobbutinourpassion.It‟seasytodefineandevaluateamanbyhispursueJo

sephCampbelloncesaid,“Followyourdreamandtheuniversewillopendoorswherethereareonlywalls.”Inlife,we‟llalways

befounddoinganyofthesetwothings:eithermakingalivingormakingadifference.Pensions(养老金)andsalariesstopm

anyfrompursuingexcellencewhilepassionunlockshiddenpotentialsthatequipusforchallengesandopportunities.Ajobhelpsusmakealivingwhil

epassionenablesustomakeadifference.Iwanttosincerelyhelptoadjustandclarifythemisguidedbeliefamongworkersthatajobisameansoflive

lihood.Rather,itshouldbeameanstofuelourpassion.Theearlieryourealizethisbasictruthoflife,themoreclearlyyou'llbeabletopositiony

ourselfinlivingalifeofimpactandvalue.ThesuccessofKentuckyFriedChicken（KFC）showshowmeaningfulitistopursueyourpassioninsteadofyourpension.I

tsfounder,ColonelHarlandSanders,didn‟trealizethisuntilhewasgivenhisfirstsocialsecuritycheckof105dollars.Buthedeci

dedthattheresurelywassomethingtodoforhimselfandotherpeopleinsteadoflivingonthatsmallpension.Hewasdetermine

dtoengagehimselfinwhatbroughthimimpactandvalue.Drawinginspirationfromhismother'sspecialrecipeforfriedchicken,heinvented“finger-licking”season

ingwithelevenspicesandherbs.Despitemuchrejection,hemanagedtoroundupsomeinvestorsandpromotecompany'srapi

dexpansiontomorethan6,000locations.Sanders‟lifepointedtowardstwofactsaboutmakingadifference:one,thereisnoa

gethatistoooldtomakeadifference;two,thereisnothingtoosmallorinsignificanttomakeadifferencewith,aslongasitisyourpassion.11．Whatisthebe

sttitleforthistext?A．PassionorPension?B．FollowingYourDreamsC．WorkingforPensionD．ToWorkornottoWork?【参考答案】A主

旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的“Inlife,we‟llalwaysbefounddoinganyofthesetwothings:eithermakingalivingormakingadifference.Pensions(养老金)andsalariesstopman

yfrompursuingexcellencewhilepassionunlockshiddenpotentialsthatequipusforchallengesandopportunities.Ajobhelpsusmakealivingwhilepass

ionenablesustomakeadifference.（在生活中，我们总是被发现做这两件事中的一种：要么谋生，要么做出改变。养老金和薪水阻止了很多人追求卓越，而激情解锁了很多隐藏的潜力，这些潜力让我们能够面对挑战和机遇）”可知，文章主要阐明了作者关于稳定

的收入让人停止进取，而激情却能让人迸发潜力的观点。故“激情还是养老金？”可以作为本文标题。故选A。10.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Whatdoyoudowhennobodyisaroundtotakeyourpicture?You

takeaselfie(拍照).Butwhataboutselfiesinspace?OnTwitterlastyear,NASAastronautEdwin“Buzz”Aldrin,whofamouslybecamethesecondma

ntowalkonthemooninJuly1969,laidclaimtoaspaceflightfirsttakingthefirstselfieinspaceduringtheGeminiXIImissionin1966.“Forme,itneeds

tobedigitaltobeselfie,”arguesJenniferLevasseur,whoisinchargeoftheSmithsonianNationalAirandSpaceMuseum.AccordingtoLevasseur,theconceptofaselfieisdire

ctlylinkedtoInternetcultureandhumandesiretointeractonsocialplatforms.“Thethingthatmakesaselfieissharingit,”shesays.Still,astronautshavebeen

carryingcamerasabroadspacevehiclessincethe1960s,andthey'vetakenplentyofpicturesofthemselvesalongtheway.A

stronautshadtopullthefilmmagazinesoutandleavetheircamerasbehindwhentheyreturnedtoEarthbecauseearlyspacemissionswererestrict

edbyaconservativeweightlimitonthereturntrip.AbigchangeinspacecameratechnologycameaftersadlossofthespaceshuttleColumbia

whobrokeapartonitsreturntoEarthin2003.“Fearingthattheywouldneverbeabletobringthefilmbackfromspaceandloseallthathardworkcelebratedthepushfordigital

.”Levasseursays.TodayastronautscanhaveaccesstotheInternetandsocialplatformsinspaceandposttruebasedselfiestakenbydigitalcameras.Takingselfiesands

haringthemonsocialmediaisawaythatastronautsinspacecanparticipateinthesameactivitiespeopleonEarthdoeveryday.Thefirstastronau

tselfiethatwentviral(网红的)ontheinternetwasonebyJapaneseastronautAkihikoHoshidein2012.15．Whatisthebesttit

leforthetext?A．TheExplorationofSpace.B．TheHistoryofSelfiesinSpace.C．TheChangeinSpaceCameraTechnology.D．TheDevelopmentinSpaceTechnology.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。问

最佳标题是什么。此类题目往往需要看每一段的首句和尾句连接起来、综合衡量才能得出答案。第一段讲的是1966年人类拍的第一张太空自拍照。第二段讲自拍需要数码技术才能行。第四段讲述的是2003年哥伦比亚号失事后，促进了太空数码照相技术的发展，太空照相技术迎来大变革。最后一段讲现在太空宇航员可以在社交

平台和网络上，实时分享太空自拍照。这个里面重复次数最多的是selfie自拍这个关键词。根据以上分析，得知B选项切合题意：TheHistoryofSelfiesinSpace.太空自拍的历史。故选B。11.【江苏省南

通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】MauriceDruonoftheFrenchAcademyonceproposedthatFrenchshouldbemadetheprincipallegallanguageoftheEuropeanUnion(EU).Hearguedthatit

slogicandprecisionmadeittheexcellentjudiciallanguage.Otherslaughed.HowveryFrenchofhim!TheFrencharehardlyaloneinbelievingthattheirlanguagei

sespeciallypoetic,emotional.logical,precise,accessibleorrich.Butitturnsoutthatthethingspeopleprizeintheirownlanguagescanoftenbethesamethingsfor

eignlearnershate.Taketheformal-informaldistinctioninwordsfor"you".GermanandFrenchhaveduandtuforfriendsandfami

ly,andsieandvousforunknownadultsandformalspeech.NativesofthoselanguagesmissthatdistinctionwhenspeakingEn

glish.Thosewhoselanguages(likeEnglish)don'tmakeitinthefirstplaceoftenresenthavingthischoiceforcedonthemi

nFrenchorGerman.Linguists(语言学家）believethatlanguagesdiffernotinwhattheycanexpress,butinwhattheymust.Giventhetimeandwillingnesstoexplainorinventb

asicterms,anylanguagecouldbeusedtotalkaboutanything.Buttheyvarywildlyinwhattheyinsistspeakerssay,withthetu-yousdis

tinctionbeingjustthetipoftheicebergWasho,anativelanguageofNevada,hasfourpastandthreefuturetenses,dependi

ngonhowdistantaneventisintime.Tariana,fromBrazil,has“evidentiality”：speakerschooseoneoffiveverb-endingstoshowhowtheyknowwhattheystatetobetrue.Jara

wara,alsofromBrazil,distinguishes“we(includingyou)"and“we(withoutyou)".Languages,RM.W.DixonofJamesCookUniversityinAustraliasays,arelikeaWe

stern-stylehouse.Thereareafewroomsyoumusthave(kitchen,bedroom,livingroom,bathroom),andsomeoptional(office,gue

stroom).Onafixedbudget,wecan'thavealltheextras.Astowhichlanguageisa“best”one,hethinksweshouldmakeourownlistofdesir

ablefeatures,andthencloselyexamineafewlanguagestodecidewhetheronehasmoreofthemthananother.Butthelist

ofadvantagesisitselfamatterofjudgment.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Whichlanguageisthebest?YoudecideB．AreEuropeanlanguagessuperior?Y

oubetC．Aremorecomplicatedlanguagesmoreprecise?D．WhichlanguageshouldbethejudiciallanguageoftheEU?【参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Astowh

ichlanguageisa“best”one,hethinksweshouldmakeourownlistofdesirablefeatures,andthencloselyexamineafewlang

uagestodecidewhetheronehasmoreofthemthananother.”（至于哪一种语言是“最好的”语言，他认为我们应该列出自己想要的特性，然后仔细检查几种语言，以决定一种语言的特性是

否比另一种语言多。）及全文可知，本文最终讨论出来的结论是由自己决定哪种语言更好。故选A项。12.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】Mostpeoplethinkthatwomenarenaturallykind,crytoomu

chandthinkwiththeirhearts,insteadofusingtheirheadslikemen.Meanwhile,menarethoughttobeborntoberationalcreatureswhonaturallyknowhowto

leadanddomath.However,statisticsonpersonalitytypesreportthat75.5%ofwomenareFeelersand56.5%ofmenareThinkers.So,rightnowweseethatahugenumberofme

nabout43%--haveFeelingpreferences.Accordingtothesenumbers,only25%ofwomenareThinkers.AmajorityofwomentestedareFeel

ers,butareamajorityofwomenbornasFeelers?Inmanyregards,womenarestillexpectedtoupholdthefeminine(女性的)goalsofhalfacentury

ago-staypretty,havebabies,keepatidyhome,andcookagoodnutritiousmealeverynight.Now,inadditiontothoseoldstandards,mostwomenplanon

workingandhavingcareers.Butevenintheworkplace,showingaThinkingpreferencecanbeproblematic.Womenwhotakechargeoroffercriticismmayb

eseen88bossy,OfcourserthequestiongoestotheThinkingmen.Boyslearnatayoungagethatbeingemotionalorsensitivecanbesee

ntobelessstrong.Theyhavebeentaughtnottocrytoshowthattheyarebraveenoughtobearanysufferings.Inthatcase,theyaremorelikelytobelessofFeelers.Maybe

FeelerwomenandThinkermenarenotnaturally80.ThereisnothingwrongwithbeingaFeelerwomanoraThinkerman.BeingaFeelerdoesnotmeanthatyou'rearolle

rcoasterofemotionswhomightknockoveratableatanymoment,nordoesbeingaThinkermeanthatyouareaninfallibler

obotdesignedtomakeheartlessdecisions.Regardlessofgender.yourpersonalityandpreferencesarecompletelyvali

d;neitherThinkingnorFeelingisrightorwrong,goodorbad.Andofcourse,people,whopreferaThinkingstylestillhavefeelings,andFeelerscanbeextremelyint

elligent.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DoesPersonalityChangeOvertheTime?B．IsPersonalityOnlyDeterminedbyGender?C．AreFeelerWome

nandThinkerMenBorntoBeSo?D．CanFeelersandThinkersGetOnWellWithEachOther?【参考答案】C主旨大意题。大多数人认为女人天生善良，爱哭，用心思考，而不是像男人那样动脑思考

。与此同时，男人被认为是天生的理性生物，天生知道如何领导和做数学。然而，根据性格类型的统计数据显示，75.5%的女性是“感受者”，56.5%的男性是“思考者”。可知，本文在探讨“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。根据最后一段“Bei

ngaFeelerdoesnotmeanthatyou'rearollercoasterofemotionswhomightknockoveratableatanymoment,nordoesbeingaThinkermeanthatyouareaninfalliblerobot

designedtomakeheartlessdecisions.”做一个感觉者并不意味着你是一个随时可能打翻桌子的情绪过山车，做一个思考者也不意味着你是一个绝对正确的机器人，被设计来做无情的决定。由此可知，人们通常认为女人天是感受者而男人天生是思考者，然

而这并不是绝对的，个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。所以短文的最佳标题为“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。故选C。13.【海南省海南中学2021届高三模拟】Whilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenice

lastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe‟ve“summered.”“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearne

dthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpected

to“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents.Chancesareyoudidn‟tfeeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“Th

everbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage,”saysPatriciaO‟Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat2

0percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventh

oughconversion(转化)isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B．White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBib

lefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresus

pect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbb

ecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartothem,”saysO‟Conner.That‟swhywe‟recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemig

htfeelupsetbythethoughtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn‟tofferarule,butsugge

ststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit‟seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit‟sdes

criptivebutnotsilly-sounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneo

ftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English.”Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgeti

t.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns？B．AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C．AreYouComfortable

aboutaNewVerb?D．AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing【参考答案】B主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有

谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Me

daling来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。14.【福建省龙岩一中2021届高三模拟】Bynowyou‟veprobablyheardaboutthe“you‟renotspecial”speech,whenEng

lishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:“Donotgettheideayou‟reanythingspec

ial,becauseyou‟renot.”Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony—andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough‟sego-p

uncturingwords.Butlostintheuproarwassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoid

eawhetherthey‟reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassessth

eirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it‟snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:weall

tendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit‟softenexactlywhenwe‟releastcompetentatagiventaskt

hatwerateourperformancemostgenerously.Ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicals

tudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirself-evaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poors

tudents,theauthorsnote,“lackinsight”intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUnive

rsitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,su

fferfroma“dualburden”:they‟renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryincapabilitypreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.InDunningandKruger‟sstud

y,subjectsscoringatthebottomoftheheapontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor“extremelyoverestimated”theirtalents.Whatthesei

ndividualslacked(inadditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was“metacognitiveskill”:thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey

‟reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There‟saparadoxhere,t

heauthorsnote:“Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatdomain.”Inot

herwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe‟redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.Thereare

acoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,eve

nwhenyouyourselfdon‟tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbac

kthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou‟redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou‟redoingwrong.AsDunn

ingandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthings

couldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthe

mtoourchildren—theywon‟tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatthey‟respecial.They‟llalreadyknowth

attheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.12．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．SpecialorNot?TeachKidsToFigu

reItOutB．Let‟sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC．TipsOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecialD．TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimatetheirTalents【参考答案】A主旨大意题。通读全文，

特别是根据第一段中的“Bynowyou‟veprobablyheardaboutthe“you‟renotspecial”speech”（可能你已经听说过“你并不特别”的演讲了）以及“ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey‟repa

rticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilit

ies”（我们的年轻人实际上不知道他们是否特别有才华或有成就。我们急于提高他们的自尊心，却忘了教他们如何实事求是地评估自己的能力）并结合倒数第二段内容可知，文章从你并不特别”的演讲入手，指出了现在的年轻人不知道如何评估自己的能力，他们既需要有对自己的内在诚实有需要

对他人的外在诚实，故选A。15.【辽宁省鞍山市鞍钢高级中学2021届高三一模】Theannualmarathoninmytownoccurredasscheduled.Myjobwastofollowbehindthe

runnersinanambulanceincaseanyofthemneededmedicalattention.Astheathletesbegantopacethemselves,thefrontrunnersstartedtodisappear.Itwa

sthenthatmyeyesweredrawntothewomaninbluerunningshortsandabaggywhiteT-shirt.Iknewwewerealreadywatchingour“lastrunner”.

Herfeetwereturnedin,yetherleftkneewasturnedout.Herlegsweresocrippled(跛足的)andbentthatitseemedimpossibleforhertowalk,letalonerunamarathon.Thedri

verandIwatchedinsilenceassheslowlymovedforward.Wewouldmoveforwardalittlebit,thenstopandwaitforhertogainsomedistance.Thenwe‟dslowlymovef

orwardalittlebitmore.AsIwatchedherstruggletoputonefootinfrontoftheother,Ifoundmyselfbreathingforherandurgingherforward.Iwantedhertostop,and

atthesametime,Iprayedthatshewouldn‟t.Finally,shewastheonlyrunnerleftinsight.Isatontheedgeofmyseatandwatchedwithrespectandamazementasshepushedforward

withsheerdeterminationthroughthelastmiles.Whenthefinishlinecameintosight,thecheeringcrowdshadlonggonehome.Yet,standingstr

aightandproudwaitedaman.Hewasholdingoneendofaribbontiedtoapost.Sheslowlycrossedthrough,leavingbothendsoftheribbonfluttering(飘动)behin

dher.Idon‟tknowthiswoman‟sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofmylife—apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn‟taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinning

aprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can‟t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunne

r.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.3．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ACrippledWoman.B．AnUnforgettableJob.C．TheLastRunner.D．TheAnnualMa

rathon.【参考答案】C主旨大意题。本文主要讲述作者作为工作人员参加马拉松比赛，目睹一位脚有问题的女人坚持跑完马拉松的过程，并且这个最后一位跑步者一直激励作者以后生活的道路。所以“最后一位跑步者”为短文最佳标题，更吸引读者，故选C

。