【文档说明】(新高考)高考英语一轮复习考点练习12-阅读之主旨大意题(解析版）.doc，共(49)页，253.500 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-29971.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

考点12阅读之主旨大意（解析版）【命题趋势】阅读理解在高考中的比重非常大。所谓“得阅读者得天下”，拿下了阅读就等于拿下了高考的半壁江山。所以提分的重点就在于阅读。而阅读理解中主旨大意题是常考题型，也是容易出错的题型之一。掌握解题步骤，确保主旨大意题的正确率是非常重要的。【重要考向】一、识别主旨大意

题；二、主旨大意题解题方法；考向一识别主旨大意题【典例】【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇】Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralia

nhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysyou‟dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn‟townamobilephone.Infactplent

yofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.24.Whatdoesparagraph2m

ainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesig

n.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.I

nfactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.(现在

你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。【主旨大意的识别提分秘籍】题干主要设置：1.Whichofthefollow

ingisasuitabletitleforthetext?2.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?3.WhatdoesNielsen'scareerstorytellus?4.What

canwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?5.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?归纳：文章中如何寻找关键词1.举例中的关键词一定不是文章关键词2.Timex是细节词，细节词不能有3.首段出现疑问句时，对该疑

问对回答就是主题句考向二主旨大意题解题方法【典例】【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingva

rietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorers

andthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)we

rekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingp

opulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfir

mactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunt

ers16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Di

ng”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiolo

gicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdir

ectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthisla

ndwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5mill

ionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.31.Whichofthefollow

ingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheH

istoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地

的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。【主旨大意提分秘籍】Mainidea题型的解题步骤1.关键词一定要有2.细节词不能有3.主题句一般在段首断尾，首段尾段1.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】Popularityisawe

ll-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusse

ekers.Thelikables‟plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersona

lskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere‟sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:stat

usbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.【参考答案】A事实细节题本题需要整体理解第二段内容，归纳其段落大意。本段前两句为主旨句，提出受欢迎度这一概念，并且介绍了MitchPrinstein的理

论，把受欢迎的人分为两类，后面围绕这两种分类展开论述。classification与第二句中的categories为同义异构现象。2.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresea

rch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadas

ystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.“That‟swhat‟ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,”shesaid.“They‟re

theonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheran

imal‟scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdiffer

encebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywish

tocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signalling:“Climbonme.”Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother

‟sbackandtheytravelofftogether.“Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat‟snotun

iquetohumans,”saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseek

ingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”.“Thevaguen

essofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandact

ions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”30.Wh

ichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthroughB.Chimpanzeesdevelope

dspecificcommunicationskillsC.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdomD.Chimpanzeelanguage:communic

ationgesturestranslated【参考答案】D主旨大意题文章第一句即点明主旨，研究人员表明，他们已经破译出野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。3.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterview

ersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That‟swhyIhaveamembershipatthecowo

rkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopen

officelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvario

uslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinth

ebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignifica

nt;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—signifi

cantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthat

muchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevel

ofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone‟screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptou

rnormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“dist

ractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybeth

at,inouroffices,wecan‟tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers‟conversationswhilewe‟retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-

faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfr

eedomfrominterruptions.35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.He‟sanewsreporter.B.He‟sanofficemanager.C.He‟saprofess

ionaldesigner.D.He‟sapublishedwriter.【参考答案】D推理判断题。根据第一段“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIs

tillthinkaboutoften.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。4.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】Whoisagenius?Thisq

uestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewantto

gobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofu

s?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perh

apsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissionto

thegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.Ast

udyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender

(性别)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“real

ly,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'st

hegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemor

ewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futu

regeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareable

tochangetheworld.”15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.Geniusand

Luck【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligenc

e,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、

毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。5.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Ifyoueverge

ttheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodisting

uishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudyResearcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（图像）ofthes

amepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentest

edthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintrainin

g.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.28.T

henewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfacesC.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother

【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根据短文首段的第二句“Dogsmayinxdeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy”可知，一项新的研究表明,狗可能真

地可以辨别人的表情是高兴还是愤怒，紧接着后文又详细介绍了研究过程和结论，即狗能够识别人的表情，且倒数第二段的“Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacia

llexpressions”一句明确给出了结论。故选B项。6.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressio

nsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfa

cialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.30.Whatisthel

astparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.Amajorlimitationofthestud

yD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“...whydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpre

ssionsinhurmans”可知最后一段解释了为什么看起来狗具备识别人类表情的能力，也就是为什么会有这样的实验研究结论。故选B项。7.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解B篇】Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.There

aretwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschooli

spickupascreen-anyscreen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfh

oursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationsh

avebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,then

agedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedth

atsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hed

ocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,a

filmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutinton

ature."Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobes

uggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejus

tsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,andit

needsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LetChildrenHaveFu

nB.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTireC.MarketNaturetoChildrenD.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren【参考答案】C主旨大意题。作者通过回忆自己小时候在外面玩，以及现在自己的孩子花费在屏幕上时间太多，而不再出去玩

了，过渡并叙述了很多人们意识到了这个问题，并且以电影导演DavidBond为例，拍摄纪录片，倡导让孩子们到户外，到大自然中去等，因此C项符合题意。8.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】LeslieNielsen'schildhoodwasadiff

icultone,buthehadoneparticularshiningstarinhislife-hisuncle,whowasawell-knownactor.TheadmirationandrespecthisuncleearnedinspiredNi

elsentomakeacareer（职业）inacting.Eventhoughheoftenfelthewouldbediscoveredtobeano-talent,hemovedforward,gai

ningascholarshiptotheNeighborhoodPlayhouseandmakinghisfirsttelevisionappearanceafewyearslaterin1948.However,becoming

afull-time,successfulactorwouldstillbeanuphillbattleforanothereightyearsuntilhelandedanumberoffilmrolesthat

finallygothimnoticed.Buteventhen,whathehadwasn'tquitewhathewanted.Nielsenalwaysfeltheshouldbedoingcomedybuthisgoodlooksanddistingui

shedvoicekepthimbusyindramaticroles.Itwasn'tuntil1980-32yearsintohiscareer-thathelandedtheroleitwouldseemhew

asmadeforinAirplane!Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancia

lsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.DidNielsenthenfeelcontentinhiscareer?Yesandno.Hewasthrilledtobedoingthecomedythathealw

aysfeltheshoulddo,butevenduringhislastfewyears,healwayshadasenseofcuriosity,wonderingwhatnewroleorchallengemighthejustaroundthecomer.Heneversto

ppedworking,neverretired.LeslieNielsen'sdevotiontoactingiswonderfullyinspiring.Hebuiltahugelysuccessfulcareerwithlittlemorethanplainol

dhardworkanddetermination.Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire,nevergivenupon,canmakeforaremarkablelife.23.

WhatdoesNielsen'scareerstorytellus?A.Artislong,lifeisshort.B.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest.C.It'snevertoolatetolearn.D.Wherethere'sawillthere'saway.【

参考答案】D推理判断题。本文主要介绍了尼尔森受叔叔的影响在进入演艺圈，并且32年后因一部电影让其喜剧天分发挥到极致而一举成名，从而实现了他想成为喜剧演员的梦想。由此可知，有志者事竟成。故选D。9.【2020全国

卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveef

fects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrim

e.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout

?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgre

enplants.【参考答案】D主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecit

yexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithho

useplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。10.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】Theconnec

tionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudycon

ductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreprodu

ctivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurt

her—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions….Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentom

akeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.…Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesp

rayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant‟slifetime.…Lightingaccountsforabout7%oftheto

talelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）—suchasthedistancef

romapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandther

eforehelpsaveenergy.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowi

ngplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【参考答案】C主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabo

ut7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremo

tehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于

照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文

章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。11.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyifth

eythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSus

anLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspa

tialskills….Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathome

andfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedw

ithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslatesh

apes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthest

udyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.…ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amat

hematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，

研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。12.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanr

emember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidspl

ayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.Myfirstjobwasworkingat…AsIgrewoldera

ndbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.…Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwerea

ctingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!...Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtotheli

brarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I‟vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocall

ibrarywhentheycan‟taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherar

eaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encourag

ereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitlefo

rthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【参考答案】

D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲

述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。13.【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technolo

gytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor‟sperformanceandlaterpro

cessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.25.Whatdoe

sparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes."D.Theperformanceofrealapes.【参考答案】

B主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals

,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor‟sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcom

putergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。14.【2020全

国卷III阅读理解C篇】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosin

gtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelives

upstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—on

eofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadha

sherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynW

hitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit‟sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”Andwha

tdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It‟shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butre

searchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogeth

erhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththe

irelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comp

aredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storiesli

kethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwi

ththeirhusband‟sfamilywhentheygetmarried.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.Ahousin

gprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【参考答案】D主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatr

iskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。15.【2020全国卷III

阅读理解D篇】Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes

(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedto

livingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinan

articlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea

-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousand

sinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they‟vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“

Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBaja

uwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish

."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethe

mactuallywalkingunderthesea."In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBa

jau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Its

eemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothe

rgenesthathelptheBajaudive.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders‟SurvivalSkillsC.B

asicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld‟sBestDivers【参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersrepor

tedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可

知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。16.【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解B篇】JeniferMa

uerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.Thatwillpow

erborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Maue

r,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwi

ththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneyse

tasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthre

echildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.Shechos

etheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivet

oclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtocarherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocovertheb

ills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jenni

fersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtoha

vetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherea

rnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?（）A.

Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.【参考答案】C推理判断题。根据最

后一段的Throughitall,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However,herchil

drenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andt

hat‟stheprettypowerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中

通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C.Hardworkpaysoff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。17.【2020北京卷阅读理解C篇】Forthepastfi

veyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,s

hecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript(手稿)consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindi

ngthebestsand.Theauthor’sintentionremainsasmysterious(神秘)ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckma

inlybythefactthatshedidn’ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed.“Yousimplycan’tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,”shesays.Thou

ghSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn’tjustaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.…Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Sm

ithsays.…Smithhasputthemanuscript’sideasintopractice.…Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphilosophy”—tookshape,academicslookedtocraft

smenforhelpinunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering(修补),ascraftsmenexpe

rimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsights

withthehandinessofourancestors.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB．CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTh

eoriesC．CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD．CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience【参考答案】C主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperien

ceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就

能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScien

tists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相

关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。18.【2020浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Challengingworkthatrequire

slotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurology

suggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevol

unteers‟memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesame

sortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytend

edtolosecognitive（认知）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsa

ccountedfortheparticipants‟overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthes

tudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou‟reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelp

yourbrainstayhealthy.”It‟snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter‟sjob,forex

ample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runnin

gafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（协调）,”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareof

thebillsandgroceries.”Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenviro

nmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJo

bsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【参考答案】C【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyti

calthinking，planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage”以及最后一段最后一句“Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourm

indbusycanonlyhelp.”可知，具有挑战性的工作能帮助我们保持大脑健康，这也是贯穿全文的主旨句。文章通过阐释实验研究、引用权威话语等方式都是围绕“有难度的工作能保持大脑敏锐”展开的。故选C。19.【2020浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Today‟sworldisnotan

easyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.Res

earchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchil

drenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andove

rtime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniquerol

eoffathers,”Padilla-Walkersaid.“Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence—whichca

nbetaught—arekeytoachild‟slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative”parenti

ngstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowin

gcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanappropri

atelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.

Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetterou

tcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthats

ingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.30.Whi

chofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSuccee

dinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance【参考答案】C主旨大意题文章主要论

述了父亲的行为会影响孩子毅力的养成。故C项ChildrenTendtolearnDeterminationfromFather是文章的最佳标题。20.【2019北京卷阅读理解C篇】Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatm

anypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon‟tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺诈）

.Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtop

reventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it‟stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese＂solutions"（解决方案）becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedonto

cleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it‟snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoqu

estionwhetherthevoiceyou‟rehearingisactuallyreal.That‟sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationt

echnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear‟sI/OConference,acompanyshoweda

newvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesede

velopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprec

ision.Adecadeofdatabreaches（数据侵入）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother‟sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge

,they‟reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeaf

amiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller‟s,trickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother‟s

name,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexisting

relationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetw

orks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdeveloping

auniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappsl

ikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlyg

oingtogetharderfromhereonout.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBla

mefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology【参考答案】C主旨大意题。第一段提到：

robocalls（机器人电话：自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。文章第

一段表明主题：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故选C。21.【2019全国卷I阅读理解D篇】Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whicha

llowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnot

bybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell

-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelik

ableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables‟plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterperson

alskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere‟sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolesce

nce:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein‟sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewho

werehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are＂mostlikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandrisky

behavior.＂Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstu

dentsurveys（调查研究）.＂Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmate

s.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheopp

ositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolate

ryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconcl

usion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesfo

rlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,＂hesaid.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon‟

tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness【参考答案】A主旨大意题纵观全文，作者论述受欢迎度对青少年的影响。本题A选项学生理

解起来较困难，可通过排除法去做，B选项“地位越高越好”，显然违背文章主旨；C选项“成为最好的自己，你可以的”，有一定干扰性，但文中没有提到成为最好的，而是要成为最受欢迎的；D选项“多一些自我控制，少一些攻击性”，文中没有提到自我控制。再根据最后一段中的Beinglik

ed(讨人喜欢)createsopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage可推知，正确选项为A“友善一点(讨人喜欢)”，你将不会排在最后(你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后)

。finish获得(名次)，如finishfirst/secondetc.。22.【2019全国卷II阅读理解C篇】MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach‟sBarLouiecoun

terbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel‟s"me"time.AndlikemoreAmeri

cans,she‟snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf（53percent）havebreakfastaloneandnearl

yhalf（46percent）havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport."

Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?"Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithc

oworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromta

ppingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized."Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,"shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewM

azoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'so

nafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）."Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,"hesaid."It'sachanceforself-re

flection,Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan."Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpe

oplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanya

tthetable."Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,"saidLaurieDemeritt,whose

companyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.T

hestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.【参考答案】A主旨大意题本文通过一份报告的统计数据和两个实例说明美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势，并在文章最后一段提出人们选择

独自用餐的原因。因此A项正确。23.【2019全国卷II阅读理解D篇】Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoft

heInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It

‟sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonna

HimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Fort

hepasttwoyears,Gordon‟sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey‟reclo

setoasolution（解决方案）.“Wedon‟tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager."Therearenotests,"

Gordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan'Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it‟s'I‟vegottoproducethi

sproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it‟snotaverynicethingattimes.35.Wha

tisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:ACo

llegeAdmissionReform【参考答案】B主旨大意题文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过homework（制作供美国国家

航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。24.【2019全国卷III阅读理解B篇】ForWesterndesigners,Chinaanditsrichculturehave

longbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcr

eativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThro

ughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChin

eseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Th

eexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysH

ill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenar

enotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedby

China—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGal

iano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplaye

rwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerj

ustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinflue

nces,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyway

s."27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.Dif

ferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【参考答案】D主旨大意题本文通过AmandaHill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国

设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。25.【2019浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeeta

crosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynor

therncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55

percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.27.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.

Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.Thei

nfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.【参考答案】A段落大意题第二段内容提到，新研究发现，超过4.6万平方英里的加州森林中，直径大于两英尺的树木数量下降了50%。从雾气弥漫的北部海岸到内

华达山脉，再到洛杉矶上空的圣加布里埃尔，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响。在塞拉高地，大树的数量下降了55%以上；在南加州部分地区，下降率接近75％。由此可知，第二段主要介绍了加州大树的受损情况。26.【2018全国卷I阅读理解B篇】GoodMornin

gBritain‟sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeli

ciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattT

ebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainprese

ntersaysshe‟sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe‟slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay£5forapor

tion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimesw

e‟renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV‟sSaveMoney:GoodH

ealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseh

oldexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight‟sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinsp

irationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily‟slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess【参考答案】D主旨大

意题本文主要介绍了SusannaReid主持的电视节目SaveMoney:GoodFood。由第一段...showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget，第二段...offer

stoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday和最后一段Theteamtransforms...withlessexpensiveb

utstilltastyrecipes.可知SaveMoney:GoodFood这个节目旨在帮助家庭用更少的钱做出美味可口的饭菜。27.【2018全国卷I阅读理解C篇】Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,but

inrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelop

edtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworld

hadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosep

eoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,tr

ade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobal

isationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEngl

ish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralrul

eisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysma

llnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsfo

rwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld‟slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywel

lover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,Bu

suuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,with

aquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguagesw

illbecreated.B.People‟slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydeter

mineslanguageevolution.【参考答案】C主旨大意题通读全文，可知文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展，语言的种类越来越少。28.【2018全国卷II阅读理解D篇】We‟veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairp

lane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence

.What‟stheproblem?It‟spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It‟smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit‟sawkwardandcha

llenging,orwethinkit‟sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssa

yit‟saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan‟tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn‟tevenexist

ifitweren‟tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessRese

archInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”h

eexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,E

lizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseek

outaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherposi

tivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It‟snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”sayDu

nn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachoutt

ostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkis

thebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCountsB.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmall

TalkD.UncomfortableSilence【参考答案】C主旨大意题文章第二段便提出论点：Expertssayit‟saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits，接下来便通过引用专家的言论以及实验结果来证明闲谈的益处及重要性

，所以文章的主旨是“闲谈的益处”。29.【2018全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoples

ettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,i

snearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million

.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野

).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.Dawso

ndidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundre

dsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.Fo

rmanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold

,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwas

nevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecityw

ascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlas

ka,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrush

happened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theriseandfallofacity.B.ThegoldrushinCanad

a.C.Journeysintothewilderness.D.TourisminDawson.【参考答案】A主旨大意题通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加拿大城市道森市的兴衰史。道森市虽然地理位置不占优势，生存环境也比较恶

劣，但因为金矿的发现而繁荣起来。然而随着金矿被挖掘一空，人们又都陆续迁离这里，道森市又变成人烟稀少的城市，由此过程可看出道森市的大起大落。30.【2018全国卷III阅读理解D篇】Adultsunderstandwhatitf

eelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?Theg

oodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoung

childrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealarg

ebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromised

toputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金）(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor)Forweeks,I‟vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquesti

ons:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheo

ryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentio

nforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinh

ismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpas

sedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandI

hadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetex

t?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving【参考答案】C主旨大意题文章第一段最后一句Thegood

newsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless是全文的中心句，第二、三段分别以女儿和儿子的事例来支持文章的中心观点。因此LiveMorewithLess最适合做文章的标题。31

.【2018浙江卷阅读理解B篇】StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe‟sanenvironmentalscien

tistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatisevenmoreinterestingisth

atoneofStein‟sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.Americansusemorethan100billionthinf

ilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).The

bagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethat

theirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers‟arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopp

erstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbags

maybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimatth

eproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthem

oreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagm

ustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon‟tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillb

ebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.P

lastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl【参考答案】A主旨大意题本文通过对比塑料购物袋和可重复使用的购物袋各自的利弊

来讨论哪一种对环境更有害，故A选项为最佳标题。32.【2018浙江卷阅读理解C篇】Istarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions:toattackonebigbookfromthepast,aclassict

hatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungandambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental:“MobyDick”

onathree-daycross-countrytraintrip;“TheMagicMountain”inaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors,notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms,and

littletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.Attempting“TheManWithoutQualities”onareturntoHawaii,mynativestate,however,waslessfruitful:I

madeitthroughoneandaquartervolumes(册),thendecidedthatI‟dgotthepointandwentswimminginstead.ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.I‟mnotquiteinterested

inBalzac,say,or“TristramShandy.”There‟salways“WarandPeace,”whichI‟vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes,onlyto

getboggeddowninthe“War”part,setitasideforawhile,andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain,havingforgotteneveryone‟snamea

ndsocialrank.Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreinto“TheWaves”or“Justine,”whichfeelsalmostlikecheating,tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntopr

operlybelonginseriousliterature.Andthenthere‟sStendhal‟s“TheRedandtheBlack,”whichhappenstobethenameofmyf

avoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer,createdbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackForty.Itiseasytodrink,andknockingbac

kthreeorfourseemslikesuchadelightfulidea.Cecconi‟stheory:“Itakewhatever‟sfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid.”Theres

ultisapureshotofafternooninthepark,makingonefeelcheerfulandpeacefulallatonce,lyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut,sunbeatingthroughthelids.

..30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheBooksofSummerB.MySummerHolidaysC.ToReadorNottoReadD.It‟sNeverTooLatetoRead【

参考答案】答案A解析主旨大意题。作者在第一段讲到自己每年夏天都会选一本名著来读,并交代了读书的环境和背景;第二、三段讲到了今年夏天作者对于选哪本书的困惑,综合全文来看,文章主要讲的是“暑期的书”。1.【安徽省“江淮十校”2019-2020年高三上

学期第一次联考】Untilthe1990scoffeewasrarelyservedinChinaexceptatluxuryhotelsaimedatforeigners.WhenStarbucksopeneditsfirstoutlettherein1999,itwasfarfro

mclearthatthecountry‟savidtea-drinkerswouldtaketosuchadifferent-andusuallymorecostly-sourceofcaffeine.Starbuckstr

iedtoattractcustomersunusedtocoffee‟sbittertastebypromotingmilkandsugar-heavyconcoctions(调和)suchasFrappuccinos.Butcoffeehasbecomefa

shionableamongthemiddleclassinChina.Starbucksnowhasabout3,800outletsinChina-morethaninanyothercountryoutsideAmerica.Statista,abusiness-intel

ligenceportal(门户网站),saystheroastcoffeemarketinChinaisgrowingbymorethan10%year.Starbucksanditsrivalsseebigopportunitiesforexpandingthere.Soto

o,however,dohome-growncompetitors.AmajornewpresenceisLuckinCoffee,Beijing-basedchain.Sinceitsfoundinglesstha

ntwoyearsago,ithasopenedmorethan2,300outlets.OnMay17thLuckin‟sinitialpublicofferingontheNasdaqstockmarketrais

edmorethan$570m,givingitavalueofabout$4bn.Luckin‟sremarkablegrowthissignofchange.NolongerdoChineseconsumersseecoffeea

ssuchaluxury.MostofLuckin‟soutletsaremerelykioskswherebusywhite-collarworkerspickuptheirdrinks,havingorderedthemonline.Sup

er-fastdeliverycanalsobearrangedthroughthecompany‟sapp.Independentcoffeeshopsarespringingup.Thegrowthisstrikinggiventh

ecountry‟sreputationforitstea-drinkingculturewheremanyresidentsliketorelaxinteahousessippingteaservedgracefully.Butthetwomar

ketsaredifferent.Theteahousestendtocatertoolderpeoplewholiketospendlonghoursplayingmahjongandgossiping.Atthecoffeeshopsit

israretoseeanyoneover40.Youngpeopleusethemforsocialising,butmuchoftheirinteractionisonline-sharingph

otosoftheirdrinksandofthecoffee-makingequipment.AnoptionontheChineseratingappDianpingallowsuserstosearchforwanghong("internetviral")coffeehouses:ones

withparticularlyphotogenicdecor(照片装饰)WherebettertosipandWeChat?31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CoffeeistakingoffinChina.B.Tea-drinkingisn

otpopular.C.Coffeeortea,whichdoyouprefer?D.Coffeehasbecomepeople‟sfavoriteinChina.【参考答案】A主旨大意题。本文从1999年星巴克入住中国，到中国本土的瑞幸咖啡的

兴起，从中国人不习惯咖啡的苦味道到态度的转变，主要讲述了咖啡在中国的兴起。故选A。2.【安徽省“江淮十校”2019-2020年高三上学期第一次联考】Olderwomenwhowalkalittleoverthreekilometerseachdaymi

ghtlivelongerthanlessactivewomenofthesameage,anewstudysuggests.ManyAmericanshopingtostayhealthysetadailygoal

of10,000steps,orabouteightkilometers.Theyoftenhavethisgoalbecausetheyarewearingelectronicdeviceswhichsetthattarget,noteresearchersinthe

UnitedStates.TheirfindingsappearedrecentlyinthepublicationJAMAInternalMedicine.Butitisnotclearhowmuchintensity(强度)orspeedmatter

whencountingthehealthbenefitsofeverystep,theresearcherswrite.Theyaddthat10,000stepsperdaymightnotbetherightgoalforeveryone.Forthestudy,researchersobs

erved17,000women,allintheirearly70s.Theyaskedthewomentowearaccelerometersforatleastfourdays.Accelerometersar

esmalldevicesthatmeasurethenumberofstepsandtheintensityofmovement.Theresearchersfollowedupwiththewomenmuchlater,around4.3yearslater,

onaverage.Sincethebeginningofthestudy,504womenhaddied.Comparedtowomenwhotooknomorethan2,718stepsdaily,thewomenw

hotookatleast4,363stepsperdaywere41percentlesslikelytodie.“Evenamodestamountofstepsisassociatedwithlower

deathrates,"saidI-MinLee,theleadwriterofareportonthestudy."Therateofsteppingdidnotmatterintheseolderwomen:itwasthenumberofstepsthatmattered

.Thestudyhadafewlimitations.Forexample,theresearchersonlymeasuredwomen‟smovementsonce,atthestartofthest

udyperiod.Itispossiblethatthewomen‟sbehaviorschangedovertime.Still,theresultsare"goodnewsforolderadultswhomayhavedifficultywalkingatfasterpa

ces,"saidKeithDiaz,aresearcheratColumbiaUniversity.Hewasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Anywalkingisbetterthannothing,"Diazsaidbyemail."Withe

vensmallamountsofwalking,yourriskofdeathwillbesharplyreduced"Forthosewhohavedifficultywalking,otherresearchshowsthatanyformofaerobicactiv

ityprovideshealthbenefits,"headded."Swimming,bicyclingoranyformofactivitythatiscontinuousinnaturewillprovidehealthbenefits.32

.Whatconclusioncanwecometofromthetext?A.Peoplewhowalkabout10,000stepscanlivelonger.B.10,000stepsperdaymightbetherightgoalforpeople.C.Th

emorestepsonewalksperday,thelongerlifehemaylive.D.Thenumberofstepsisimportantforalonglifeamongolderwomen.【参

考答案】D主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其第5段的内容“Anywalkingisbetterthannothing”可知，每天走的步数对身体健康很重要。并且第而段明确指出1000步这个目标不是适用于每个人的。所以选项AB都不正确。选项C（走的越多越长寿）描述太偏激，也

不正确。故选D。3.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】Astheoldsayinggoes,“Don‟tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Andneithershouldwejudgemo

viestarsbytheirages.Atjust21,ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjury(评审团)memberattheCannesFilmFestival.ThisyearitlastedfromMay14th

toMay25th.“IwasincompleteshockwhenIgotthatphonecallandthatquestionifIwantedtobeamemberoftheCannesJury,”Fanningsaidduringapressconference.Asitturned

out,itnotonlyshockedtheUSactress,butalsobroughtcriticismfromthosewhobelievedFanningwastooyoungcomparedtootherveteran

sintheindustry.ButFanning‟sactingexperiencewasinfactagoodargumentforherjurymembership.Infact,FanninghasbeenaHollywoodfixtureforlongerthanyourealize

.The21-year-oldhasbeeninmanybigproductions.ShebeganactinginIAmSamatage2.WithleadrolesinmovieslikeSuper8,WeBoughtaZooandMaleficentunderhe

rbelt(取得成功),she‟sappearedin60projectsandisoneofHollywood‟shottestyoungstars.Fanning‟sdevotiontoworknumbersheramongthefewformerchildstarsw

hocontinuetoactasadults.InherlatestmovieTeenSpirit,whichhitUScinemaslastmonth,Fanningplaysapopsinger.Sinceshehadnosingingexperience,Fanningha

dtoworkwithGrammy-winningmusicproducerMariusdeVriesforthreemonthsbeforethefilmingstarted.“Iwouldgoto

hisapartmentandsingthroughallthesongseveryday,”shesaid.“Hevideoedmeandrecordedmesingingeverythingandmademewatchitbackagainandagaintoimprovemy

skills.”Withsuchrichactingexperienceanddevotiontoherart,“Fanningcertainlywasabletorepresentanewclassinfilm”att

heCannesFilmFestival.【参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中Atjust21,ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjurymemberatt

heCannesFilmFestival.（年仅21岁的艾丽·范宁成为戛纳电影节最年轻的评审团成员，创造了历史。）以及主要内容可知主要围绕着艾丽·范宁赢得了她的荣誉的事情。故选A。4.【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】Wh

en"irregardless"wasincludedinMerriam-Websterdictionary,itcausedwidedisagreements.“Irregardless”hasbeeninwidesp

readandnear-constantusesince1795,whenanewspapercalledTheCharlestonCityGazelleofCharlestonGa.,firstusedit.WedonotmaketheEnglishlangua

ge,wemerelyrecordit,“thedictionary'sstaffwrotein“WordsoftheWeek”.Theword'sdefinition,whenwereadit,wouldseemtobewithoutr

egard.However,Merriam-Websterdefines"irregardless"as“nonstandard”butmeaningthesameas“regardless”.AccordingtoMerriam-Webster,"Manypeoplefin

d'irregardless'tobearidiculousword,astheir-prefixusuallyindicatesnegativemeaning;however,inthiscaseitappearstomakethemeani

ngof'regardless‟stronger."“It'snotarealword.Idon'tcarewhatthedictionarysays,”respondsauthorMichelleRay,whoteachesEn

glishinSilverSpring,Md.Andshesaysshe'sstillplanningtomark“irregardless"asincorrectonherstudents'work.AnAmericannewspapertheBaltimoreSunpubl

ishedthewordineditorJohnMcIntyre'scommentaryonSaturday:Irregardless'istooaword;youjustdon'tunderstanddictionaries.Peoplegetupsetaboutthedictio

narybecausetheythinkitissomesortofofficialdocument.Butactually,it'snot.It'sjustlexicographersidentifyingwordsthatpeopleuseandtry

ingtofindouthowtheyarespelled,howtheyarepronounced,whatmeaningstheyhaveandwheretheycamefrom."“Thedict

ionary'srecognitiondoesn'tenrollawordascorrectintheEnglishlanguage,“McIntyresays."ItjustsaysthisisawordthatalotofpeopleuseinEnglish.Andhe

re'swhatweknowaboutit."Soit'saword,butitsuseisstilldiscouragedinformalwriting.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．"Irregardless"IsFrequentlyUsedinF

ormalWritingB．ExpertsCan'tAgreeontheMeaningof“Irregardless"C．"Irregardlee"Shouldn'tbeIncludedintheDictionaryD．RegardlessofWhatYouThink,“Irregardles

s"IsaWord【参考答案】D主旨大意题。根据第一段中“When"irregardless"wasincludedinMerriam-Websterdictionary,itcausedwidedisagreements.(当irregard

less一词被收录进韦氏词典时，引起了广泛的争议)”结合文章介绍了“irregardless”这个单词的起源，韦氏词典对其的解释以及人们对此的不同看法。可知，D选项“不管你怎么想，„irregardless‟就

是算一个单词”最符合文章标题。故选D。5.【河北省实验中学2021届高三月考】VictorFrankl，theauthorofMansSearchfarMeaning，oncewrote，"'Everythingcanbetakenfromapersonbutonething：th

elastofhumanfreedoms-tochooseone'sattitudeinanygivensetofcircumstances．"Franklwasright．Attitudeisachoice．Youcoul

dbefacedwithathousandproblems，manyormostoverwhichyouhaveabsolutelynocontrol．However，thereisalwaysonethingyouareincompleteandabsolutecontrolo

fandthatisyourownattitude．Tobehonest，itwasn'tuntilIwasinmylate20sthatIfinallyunderstooditsfullimpact．Allthroughmyteensandintomyearlyad

ultlife，Ican'ttellyouthenumberoftimesthatIheard，"Bob，ifyou'djustchangeyourattitude，youwoulddoalotbetter"Atthattime，Idi

dn'tknowwhatattitudewas，letaloneknowhowtochangeit!Attitudeandresultsareinseparable，Theyfollowoneanotherasnightfollowsday．Oneisthecause，whiletheother，

theresult．Thereisatermweusetodistinguishthis"causeandeffect"relationship，whichiscalledTheLawofCauseandEffect．Simply

stated，ifyouthinkinnegativeterms，youwillgetnegativeresults；ifyouthinkinpositiveterms，youwillachievepositiveresults．Somepeoplealwaysseewrongt

hingsintheworld．Theseindividualsarequicktoblamecircumstancesorotherpeoplefortheirproblems，ratherthanacceptingresponsibilityfortheirli

feandtheirattitude．Thus，itwouldappearasiftheywerebornwithbadluckandithasfollowedthemaroundtheirwholelife．However

，thereareotherswhoareforeverwinningandlivingthegoodlife．Theyaretherealmoversandshakerswhomakethingshappen．Theyseemtogofromo

nemajoraccomplishmenttoanother．They'reincontroloftheirlife．Theirwinsareamatterofchoice．Youcanexperiencethatkindoflifeaswell，youonlyneedtodecid

e．DorotheaBrandoncesaid，"Actasifitwereimpossibletofail，"andIchallengeyoutodoso．Bysimplybecomingawarethatyoucanchooseyourthoughtseachandeveryday

，youwillchangeyourentireoutlook．Youhavethepowertochooseanabundantlifenomatterwhatyourcircumstancesare．Don'twaittoe

xperienceallthewonderfulthingstheuniversehasinstoreforyou．Starttodaybyworkingonyourattitudeandwelcometheabundantlifethaty

ouaremeanttolead．11．Whatisthewriter'smessageconveyedinthispassage？______A．Winningisamatterofcontrol．B．Successbe

ginswithpositiveattitude．C．Badattituderesultsinbadresults．D．Attitudeandresultsareinseparable．【参考答案】B主旨大意题。通读全文

尤其是最后一段“Bysimplybecomingawarethatyoucanchooseyourthoughtseachandeveryday，youwillchangeyourentireoutlook．Youhavethepowertochooseanabundant

lifenomatterwhatyourcircumstancesare．Starttodaybyworkingonyourattitudeandwelcometheabundantlifethatyouaremeanttolead”可知，只要意识到你可以每天选择你的想法，你就会改变你的整个观

点。无论你的境遇如何，你都有能力选择富足的生活。从今天开始，改变你的态度，迎接你想要的生活。所以本文主要讲述了成功始于积极的态度。故选B。6.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】AndrewGreydoesn‟tfitmostpeople‟sid

eaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalaboruniversity,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA‟sKeplerspacet

elescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies,onlyafewordinary

peoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacolla

borative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin,”saysChrisLincoln,anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天体物理学家

)andcofounderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromeco

logytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject,”Dr.Lintonsays.“Anyonecanidentifyp

atternsinimages,graphs,orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,particu

larlyamateurscientists,don‟tstayfocusedonwhatthey‟resupposedto.Andthat‟sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnotice

theunusualthingsinsdataset.“Andcitizensciencedoesn‟thavetobedirectedbyascientist,”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramonScience,Tech

nologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthencanalsobeciti

zenscientists,”shesays.That‟swhathappenedinFlint,Michigan,whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Ci

tizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized,regularpeo

plelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels,scientistsstillwelc

omehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwereintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”11

．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Citizenscientistscanbeintelligent.B．Scienceisimportanttoeveryone.C．Anyonecanbeascientist.D．Scienceiseverywhere.【

参考答案】C主旨大意题。文章第一段通过对AndrewGrey这位平民科学家的介绍来引出全文；第二段中的Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpan

dcollectiveunderstanding.说明这样的平民科学家目前有很多；第五段中的Andcitizensciencedoesn‟thavetobedirectedbyascientist说明想成为平民科学家并不难。再通过下文中regular

people,helpfromeverydaypeople,scienceiseasy这些字眼可判断，文章主要讲述了普通人也可以研究科学，成为科学家，C项Anyonecanbeascientist.很好地概括了全文的主旨大意。故选C项。7.【

河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】Formanywhite-collarworkersaroundtheworld,therecentpandemichasmeanthavingtoworkfromhome.Theirusualofficelocationhasb

eenoutofbounds.Thismeansdifferentworkingpractices,whichhaveadvantagesanddisadvantagesforemployees.Butt

hebigquestionis,“Willtheyeverseetheirofficesagain?”Homeworkinghasmadepeoplerealizewhattaskstheycanperformathome,ratherthanen

duringacommutetotheofficetodothesamething.Ithasgiventhemmoretimewiththefamily;they‟vebeensleepingbetterandh

avesavedmoneybynottravellingorbuyinglunchesonthego.Andrecentresearchsuggeststhemajorityofpeopleworkingfromhomearejustasproductive.Forsomepeople,this

couldbeapermanentarrangement.IntheUK,fiftyofthebiggestemployersquestionedbyBBC,havesaidtheyhavenoplanstoreturnallstafftoth

eofficefull-timeinthenearfuture.Ofcourse,onemainreasonisthatfirmscouldn‟tseeawayofaccommodatinglargenu

mbersofstaffwhilesocialdistancingregulationswerestillinplace.ButBBCalsoheardfromsomesmallerbusinesseswhoaredecidingtoabandontheirofficesa

ltogether.Otherbiggercompaniesarealsolookingatshuttingofficestosavemoneyasmanyjobscanbeperformedremote

ly.PeterCheese,headoftheCharteredInstituteofPersonnelandDevelopment,toldBBC:“We‟reatamomentofrealchangeintheworldofw

ork,drivenbybigexistentialcrises.”Butthisisn‟tgreatnewsforeveryone.Someemployeescanfeelisolatedathome,andthere‟sless

opportunitytonetworkorlearnfromotherpeople,especiallyifthey‟reanewrecruit.Also,citycentersmaysuffermostfromachangeinworkinghabits.Shopsandcafesrelyon

thefootfallofofficeworkers,andwithoutthem,theyfaceclosure.Thefutureisstilluncertain,whichiswhyttmaybetooe

arlytosaywhereourdeskswillbepermanentlylocated.Buttheofficeofthefuturemaybeyourhome.31．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A．DoesWorkingFromHomeBenefi

taLot?B．WillOfficesDisappearintheFuture?C．TheUsualOfficeLocationHasBeenoutofBoundsD．DifferentWorkingPracticesH

aveAdvantagesandDisadvantages【参考答案】B主旨大意题。第一段最后一句Butthebigquestionis,“Willtheyeverseetheirofficesagain?”（但最大的问

题是，“他们还能再见到自己的办公室吗?”）提出了文章的论点“员工是否还会回办公室办公”，下文进行了讨论，在最后一段最后两句“Thefutureisstilluncertain,whichiswhyitma

ybetooearlytosaywhereourdeskswillbepermanentlylocated.Buttheofficeofthefuturemaybeyourhome.”（未来仍不确定，这就是为什么现在说我们的办公桌将永久放

在哪里可能还为时过早。未来的办公室可能是你的家。），可推断，作者认为办公室是否会消失尚不能定论。所以选项B（办公室会在未来消失吗?）是最好的标题。故选B。8.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】Alecturehallshouldbel

ikeachurch-alittletoodark,muchtoocold,anduncomfortablysilent.Youshouldfeelguiltyopeningyourwaterbottle,becauseall200peopleintheroomcanhearit.

SowhenI‟mtryingtopayattention,thelastthingyoushouldbedoingiscarryingonaconversationaboutyourlastweekendpar

tyoranythingelse.Duringthepastschoolterm,I‟vehadenough.Oneofmybiggestcomplaintsoflargeclasssizesisthetendencyforthreetofiv

efriendstosittogetherandloudlywhispereachothers‟earsoffforanhourand15minutesstraight.Mystupidmonkeybraincan‟thelpbutfocusonyou

rconversationaboutthedifferencebetweenashblondeandlightblondecoloredhairthatlookexactlythesame.Tome,itjustfeelslikeawaste.You‟reactiv

elywastingmoney,andmissingvitalinformation.We(andthegovernment)payquitealotforoureducation,butyouarehe

retoignoresomeonesignificantlymoreexperiencedthanus,inclasseswepicked,forhourseveryweek.Iknowmajorrequirementscanbe

boring,butthisisstillaneducation.Itrequirestwo-wayeffort.Mostofstudentsherehaveatleastonegoalincommon:success.Notevery

checkpointonthatpathisgoingtobefilledwithjoy.Sitdown,shutup,andforceyourselftolistentoyourprofessor.Societytellsusitwilleventuallypayof

f.Ormaybeitwon‟tbecauseyoudon‟twantto.Iactuallydon‟tcareifyoudecidetopaylittleornoattentiontothelect

ureitself,solongasyou‟renotbeingdisturbing.Forthosewillingtotry,in20yearswhenyoufinallypayoffyourdebtwithyourfairlysecurewhite-collarjob,yo

u‟lllookbackandbehappythatyouwentthroughthelectures.15．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．HardWorkPaysOff!B．FocusontheLectur

es!C．WastingYourTimeIsaShame!D．MindYourIn-ClassBehavior!【参考答案】D主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，“我”写这篇文章是结合自己的听课经历：课堂上很多人

窃窃私语，影响“我”听课。所以我谈自己对这种行为的观点：Iknowmajorrequirementscanbeboring,butthisisstillaneducation.及Sitdown,shutup,andforceyourselftolistentoyou

rprofessor.Societytellsusitwilleventuallypayoff.课堂上就要坐好，不说话，迫使自己听教授的课。社会最终会对我们有回报。因此，课堂上要注意自己的行为。因此选D项。9.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】Rea

lfinancialsecurityandfreedomisnotinourjobbutinourpassion.It‟seasytodefineandevaluateamanbyhispursueJosephCampbelloncesaid,“Fol

lowyourdreamandtheuniversewillopendoorswherethereareonlywalls.”Inlife,we‟llalwaysbefounddoinganyofthesetwothings:ei

thermakingalivingormakingadifference.Pensions(养老金)andsalariesstopmanyfrompursuingexcellencewhilepassionunlockshiddenpotentialsthatequ

ipusforchallengesandopportunities.Ajobhelpsusmakealivingwhilepassionenablesustomakeadifference.Iwanttosincerelyhelptoadjustan

dclarifythemisguidedbeliefamongworkersthatajobisameansoflivelihood.Rather,itshouldbeameanstofuelourpassion.Theearlieryourea

lizethisbasictruthoflife,themoreclearlyyou'llbeabletopositionyourselfinlivingalifeofimpactandvalue.ThesuccessofK

entuckyFriedChicken（KFC）showshowmeaningfulitistopursueyourpassioninsteadofyourpension.Itsfounder,ColonelHarlandSan

ders,didn‟trealizethisuntilhewasgivenhisfirstsocialsecuritycheckof105dollars.Buthedecidedthattheresurelywassomethingtod

oforhimselfandotherpeopleinsteadoflivingonthatsmallpension.Hewasdeterminedtoengagehimselfinwhatbroughthimimpactandvalue.Dra

winginspirationfromhismother'sspecialrecipeforfriedchicken,heinvented“finger-licking”seasoningwithelevenspicesandherbs

.Despitemuchrejection,hemanagedtoroundupsomeinvestorsandpromotecompany'srapidexpansiontomorethan6,000locations.Sanders‟lifepointedtowardstwofactsa

boutmakingadifference:one,thereisnoagethatistoooldtomakeadifference;two,thereisnothingtoosmallorinsignificanttomakeadifferencewith,aslongasiti

syourpassion.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．PassionorPension?B．FollowingYourDreamsC．WorkingforPensionD．ToWorkornottoWork?

【参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的“Inlife,we‟llalwaysbefounddoinganyofthesetwothings:eithermakingalivingormakingadif

ference.Pensions(养老金)andsalariesstopmanyfrompursuingexcellencewhilepassionunlockshiddenpotentialsthatequipusforchallengesandopportunities.A

jobhelpsusmakealivingwhilepassionenablesustomakeadifference.（在生活中，我们总是被发现做这两件事中的一种：要么谋生，要么做出改变。养老金和薪水阻止了很多人追求卓越，而激情解锁了很多隐藏的潜力，这些潜力让我们能够面对

挑战和机遇）”可知，文章主要阐明了作者关于稳定的收入让人停止进取，而激情却能让人迸发潜力的观点。故“激情还是养老金？”可以作为本文标题。故选A。10.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Whatdoyoudowhennobodyi

saroundtotakeyourpicture?Youtakeaselfie(拍照).Butwhataboutselfiesinspace?OnTwitterlastyear,NASAastronautEdwin“Buzz”Aldrin,whofamouslybeca

methesecondmantowalkonthemooninJuly1969,laidclaimtoaspaceflightfirsttakingthefirstselfieinspaceduringtheGeminiXIImissionin1966.“Forme,

itneedstobedigitaltobeselfie,”arguesJenniferLevasseur,whoisinchargeoftheSmithsonianNationalAirandSpaceMuseum.AccordingtoLevasseur,the

conceptofaselfieisdirectlylinkedtoInternetcultureandhumandesiretointeractonsocialplatforms.“Thethingthatmakesaselfieissharingit,”shesays.Still,ast

ronautshavebeencarryingcamerasabroadspacevehiclessincethe1960s,andthey'vetakenplentyofpicturesofthemselvesalongtheway.Astro

nautshadtopullthefilmmagazinesoutandleavetheircamerasbehindwhentheyreturnedtoEarthbecauseearlyspacemissionswererest

rictedbyaconservativeweightlimitonthereturntrip.Abigchangeinspacecameratechnologycameaftersadlossofthespaceshuttle

ColumbiawhobrokeapartonitsreturntoEarthin2003.“Fearingthattheywouldneverbeabletobringthefilmbackfromspaceandloseallthathardworkcele

bratedthepushfordigital.”Levasseursays.TodayastronautscanhaveaccesstotheInternetandsocialplatformsinspaceandposttrueba

sedselfiestakenbydigitalcameras.Takingselfiesandsharingthemonsocialmediaisawaythatastronautsinspacecanparticipateinthesameactivitiesp

eopleonEarthdoeveryday.Thefirstastronautselfiethatwentviral(网红的)ontheinternetwasonebyJapaneseastronautAkihikoHoshidein2012.15．Whatisthebes

ttitleforthetext?A．TheExplorationofSpace.B．TheHistoryofSelfiesinSpace.C．TheChangeinSpaceCameraTechnology.D．TheD

evelopmentinSpaceTechnology.【参考答案】B主旨大意题。问最佳标题是什么。此类题目往往需要看每一段的首句和尾句连接起来、综合衡量才能得出答案。第一段讲的是1966年人类拍的第一张太空自拍照。第二段讲自拍需要数码技术才能行。第四段讲述的是20

03年哥伦比亚号失事后，促进了太空数码照相技术的发展，太空照相技术迎来大变革。最后一段讲现在太空宇航员可以在社交平台和网络上，实时分享太空自拍照。这个里面重复次数最多的是selfie自拍这个关键词。根据以上分析，得知B选项切合题意：TheHistoryofSelfiesinSpace.太空自

拍的历史。故选B。11.【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】MauriceDruonoftheFrenchAcademyonceproposedthatFrenchshouldbemadetheprincipallegallanguageof

theEuropeanUnion(EU).Hearguedthatitslogicandprecisionmadeittheexcellentjudiciallanguage.Otherslaughed.HowveryFrenchofhi

m!TheFrencharehardlyaloneinbelievingthattheirlanguageisespeciallypoetic,emotional.logical,precise,accessibleorrich.Butitturnsoutthatthe

thingspeopleprizeintheirownlanguagescanoftenbethesamethingsforeignlearnershate.Taketheformal-informaldistinctioninwordsfor"you".GermanandFrenchhave

duandtuforfriendsandfamily,andsieandvousforunknownadultsandformalspeech.Nativesofthoselanguagesmissthatdistinctionwhens

peakingEnglish.Thosewhoselanguages(likeEnglish)don'tmakeitinthefirstplaceoftenresenthavingthischoiceforcedontheminFrencho

rGerman.Linguists(语言学家）believethatlanguagesdiffernotinwhattheycanexpress,butinwhattheymust.Giventhetimeandwillingnesstoexplainorinventbasicterms,an

ylanguagecouldbeusedtotalkaboutanything.Buttheyvarywildlyinwhattheyinsistspeakerssay,withthetu-yousdis

tinctionbeingjustthetipoftheicebergWasho,anativelanguageofNevada,hasfourpastandthreefuturetenses,depe

ndingonhowdistantaneventisintime.Tariana,fromBrazil,has“evidentiality”：speakerschooseoneoffiveverb-endingstoshowhowth

eyknowwhattheystatetobetrue.Jarawara,alsofromBrazil,distinguishes“we(includingyou)"and“we(withoutyou)".Languages,RM.W.DixonofJamesCookUniversity

inAustraliasays,arelikeaWestern-stylehouse.Thereareafewroomsyoumusthave(kitchen,bedroom,livingroom,bathroom),an

dsomeoptional(office,guestroom).Onafixedbudget,wecan'thavealltheextras.Astowhichlanguageisa“best”one,hethinksweshouldmakeou

rownlistofdesirablefeatures,andthencloselyexamineafewlanguagestodecidewhetheronehasmoreofthemthananother.Butthelistofa

dvantagesisitselfamatterofjudgment.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Whichlanguageisthebest?YoudecideB．AreEuropeanlanguagessuperior?YoubetC

．Aremorecomplicatedlanguagesmoreprecise?D．WhichlanguageshouldbethejudiciallanguageoftheEU?【参考答案】A主旨大意题。根据最

后一段“Astowhichlanguageisa“best”one,hethinksweshouldmakeourownlistofdesirablefeatures,andthencloselyexamineafewlanguagestodecidewhethe

ronehasmoreofthemthananother.”（至于哪一种语言是“最好的”语言，他认为我们应该列出自己想要的特性，然后仔细检查几种语言，以决定一种语言的特性是否比另一种语言多。）及全文可知，本文最终讨论出来的结论是由自己决定哪种语言更好。故选

A项。12.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】Mostpeoplethinkthatwomenarenaturallykind,crytoomuchandthinkwiththeirhearts,

insteadofusingtheirheadslikemen.Meanwhile,menarethoughttobeborntoberationalcreatureswhonaturallyknowhowtoleadanddomath.However,sta

tisticsonpersonalitytypesreportthat75.5%ofwomenareFeelersand56.5%ofmenareThinkers.So,rightnowweseethatahugenumberofmenabout43%--haveFeelingpre

ferences.Accordingtothesenumbers,only25%ofwomenareThinkers.AmajorityofwomentestedareFeelers,butareamajorityofwomenbornasFee

lers?Inmanyregards,womenarestillexpectedtoupholdthefeminine(女性的)goalsofhalfacenturyago-staypretty,havebabi

es,keepatidyhome,andcookagoodnutritiousmealeverynight.Now,inadditiontothoseoldstandards,mostwomenplanonworkingandhavingcareers.Butevenintheworkpl

ace,showingaThinkingpreferencecanbeproblematic.Womenwhotakechargeoroffercriticismmaybeseen88bossy,Ofcourserthequestiongoestot

heThinkingmen.Boyslearnatayoungagethatbeingemotionalorsensitivecanbeseentobelessstrong.Theyhavebeentaughtnottocrytosh

owthattheyarebraveenoughtobearanysufferings.Inthatcase,theyaremorelikelytobelessofFeelers.MaybeFeelerwomenandThinkermenarenotnaturall

y80.ThereisnothingwrongwithbeingaFeelerwomanoraThinkerman.BeingaFeelerdoesnotmeanthatyou'rearollercoasterofemotionswhomightkn

ockoveratableatanymoment,nordoesbeingaThinkermeanthatyouareaninfalliblerobotdesignedtomakeheartlessdecisions.Regardlessofgender.yourp

ersonalityandpreferencesarecompletelyvalid;neitherThinkingnorFeelingisrightorwrong,goodorbad.Andofcourse,people,whopreferaThinkingstylest

illhavefeelings,andFeelerscanbeextremelyintelligent.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DoesPersonalityChangeOve

rtheTime?B．IsPersonalityOnlyDeterminedbyGender?C．AreFeelerWomenandThinkerMenBorntoBeSo?D．CanFeelersandThinkersGe

tOnWellWithEachOther?【参考答案】C主旨大意题。大多数人认为女人天生善良，爱哭，用心思考，而不是像男人那样动脑思考。与此同时，男人被认为是天生的理性生物，天生知道如何领导和做数学。然而，根据性格类型的统

计数据显示，75.5%的女性是“感受者”，56.5%的男性是“思考者”。可知，本文在探讨“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。根据最后一段“BeingaFeelerdoesnotmeanthatyou'rearollercoas

terofemotionswhomightknockoveratableatanymoment,nordoesbeingaThinkermeanthatyouareaninfalliblerobotdesignedtomakeheartlessd

ecisions.”做一个感觉者并不意味着你是一个随时可能打翻桌子的情绪过山车，做一个思考者也不意味着你是一个绝对正确的机器人，被设计来做无情的决定。由此可知，人们通常认为女人天是感受者而男人天生是思考者，然而这并不是绝对的，个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。所以短文的最

佳标题为“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。故选C。13.【海南省海南中学2021届高三模拟】Whilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsum

mer,fewwouldsaythatwe‟ve“summered.”“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,we

alllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweare

expectedto“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents.Chancesareyoudidn‟tfeeluncomfortableaboutt

hesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage,”saysPatriciaO‟Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestima

tethat20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,a

bout40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventhoughconversion(转化)isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.

WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B．White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeen

pressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwritersto

useverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartothem,”saysO‟Conner.That‟swhywe‟recomfortabl

e“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythethoughtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn‟tof

ferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit‟seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit‟sdesc

riptivebutnotsilly-sounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneofth

eprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English.”Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltog

ether,forgetit.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns？B．AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C．AreYouComfortableaboutaNew

Verb?D．AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing【参考答案】B主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这

类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling

来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。14.【福建省龙岩一中2021届高三模拟】Bynowyou‟veprobablyheardaboutthe“you

‟renotspecial”speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:“Donotgettheideayou‟reanythingspecial,becauseyou‟r

enot.”Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony—andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough‟sego-puncturingwords.Butlostintheu

proarwassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey‟reparticularlytalen

tedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesst

heirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it‟snotjustprivil

egedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit‟softenexactlywhenwe‟

releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously.Ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,

medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirself-evaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuch

morestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,“lackinsight”intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsycholog

istDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfro

ma“dualburden”:they‟renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryincapabilitypreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.InDunningandK

ruger‟sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomoftheheapontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor“extremelyoverestimated”theirtalents.Whatth

eseindividualslacked(inadditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was“metacognitiveskill”:thecapacity

tomonitorhowwellthey‟reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirow

nabilities.There‟saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:“Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysa

meskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatdomain.”Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe‟redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitse

lf.Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourse

lftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon‟tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekou

tfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou‟redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou‟redoingwrong.AsDunningan

dKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavegon

ewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren

—theywon‟tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatthey‟respecial.They‟llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.

12．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．SpecialorNot?TeachKidsToFigureItOutB．Let‟sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC．TipsOnMakingOur

selvesMoreSpecialD．TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimatetheirTalents【参考答案】A主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Bynowyou‟vep

robablyheardaboutthe“you‟renotspecial”speech”（可能你已经听说过“你并不特别”的演讲了）以及“ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey‟reparticularlytal

entedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesst

heirownabilities”（我们的年轻人实际上不知道他们是否特别有才华或有成就。我们急于提高他们的自尊心，却忘了教他们如何实事求是地评估自己的能力）并结合倒数第二段内容可知，文章从你并不特别”的演讲入手，

指出了现在的年轻人不知道如何评估自己的能力，他们既需要有对自己的内在诚实有需要对他人的外在诚实，故选A。15.【辽宁省鞍山市鞍钢高级中学2021届高三一模】Theannualmarathoninmytownoccurredasscheduled.Myjobwastofollowb

ehindtherunnersinanambulanceincaseanyofthemneededmedicalattention.Astheathletesbegantopacethemselves,thefrontrunnersstartedtodisapp

ear.ItwasthenthatmyeyesweredrawntothewomaninbluerunningshortsandabaggywhiteT-shirt.Iknewwewerealreadywatchi

ngour“lastrunner”.Herfeetwereturnedin,yetherleftkneewasturnedout.Herlegsweresocrippled(跛足的)andbentthatitseemedimpossibleforhertow

alk,letalonerunamarathon.ThedriverandIwatchedinsilenceassheslowlymovedforward.Wewouldmoveforwardalittlebi

t,thenstopandwaitforhertogainsomedistance.Thenwe‟dslowlymoveforwardalittlebitmore.AsIwatchedherstruggletopu

tonefootinfrontoftheother,Ifoundmyselfbreathingforherandurgingherforward.Iwantedhertostop,andatthesametime,Iprayedthatshewouldn‟t.Finally,shewastheo

nlyrunnerleftinsight.Isatontheedgeofmyseatandwatchedwithrespectandamazementasshepushedforwardwithsheerdeterminationthroughthel

astmiles.Whenthefinishlinecameintosight,thecheeringcrowdshadlonggonehome.Yet,standingstraightandproudwaitedaman.Hewasholdingoneendofaribbon

tiedtoapost.Sheslowlycrossedthrough,leavingbothendsoftheribbonfluttering(飘动)behindher.Idon‟tknowthiswoman‟sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofm

ylife—apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn‟taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningaprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.WhenIthinkthingsar

etoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can‟t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.3．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．ACrippledWoman.B．AnUnforgettableJob.C．TheLastRunner.D．TheAnnualMarathon.【参考答案】C主旨大意题。本文主要讲述作者作为工作人员参加马拉松比赛，目睹一位脚有问题

的女人坚持跑完马拉松的过程，并且这个最后一位跑步者一直激励作者以后生活的道路。所以“最后一位跑步者”为短文最佳标题，更吸引读者，故选C。