【文档说明】(新高考)高考英语三轮冲刺小题必练13 阅读理解之细节理解题(解析版).doc，共(10)页，88.000 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-29908.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

高考英语三轮冲刺小题必练(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括

和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。1.直接信息题【典例】（2020〃山东卷A篇节选）50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorabl

ementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket.B.AbookbyCo

rinneSzabo.C.AspecialT-shirt.D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据50HonorableMentions这一段“Judgeswillch

ooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。【点拨】第一步：依据题干信息，选择定位关键词细节理解题直接信息题

一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词，动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。第二步：依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对确定了定位关键词后，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在

文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到小题必练13：阅读理解之细节理解题原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案。2.间接信息题【典例】（2020〃山东卷B篇节选）Throughitall,sheremainedingoo

dacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherk

idsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorp

apers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenn

iferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealt

h.B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据“Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupman

ynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.”，可知，主人公为了学业，不能陪伴孩子，故选B。【点拨】间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都

会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。3.数字计算题【典例】（2020〃山东卷A篇节选）3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.fore

achofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAira

ndSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six

.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据3GrandPrizes中第一句“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。

【点拨】数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到有关的数字信息，再对相关的信息和数字进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。AEssayCompetitionTheaimofthiscontestistoencouragegre

atstudentwritersandtogivethemaleg-upintheirstudies.PrizesOneGrandPrizewinnerwillreceive:$1,000incash;theessa

ypublishedinourmagazine’sMay2021issue;aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor.TenFirstPlacewinnerswillreceive:$500incash;theirnamesandessa

ytitleslistedinourmagazine'sMay2021issue.FiftyHonorableMentionwinnerswillreceive:a$50giftcardtoouronlineshop.Requirements*Theleng

thoftheessayshouldbebetween500-700words.*Writeanessayonthetopicof:HowFoodAffectsOurMood.*Pleasewriteaboutth

reereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(论点)statementintheformofbodyparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpractica

levidencefromrespectedsources.*Donotwriteaboutyourselfanddon’texplainwhyyoudeservetowintheprizes.DeadlinesEarly-BirdDeadline:Ma

y4,2020--Freefortheentry.Deadline:June5,2020--$5fortheentry.ExtendedDeadline:July22，2020--$10fortheentry.1.WhatwillOn

eGrandPrizewinnersberewardedwith?A.Receiving$1500incash.B.Havingtheiressaytitleslistedinthemagazine.C.Receivingagiftcardtotheparticularonli

neshop.D.Gaininganopportunitytomeetthemagazine'sauthor.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据“aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor”可知，特等奖将有和杂志主编见面的机会。故选D

。2.Whichofthefollowingmeetstherequirements?A.Writinganessayofmorethan800words.B.Submittinganessayabo

utfoodnutrition.C.Expressingyourstrongdesiretogettheaward.D.Supportingyourreasonswithcredibleevidence.【答案】D【解析】细节理

解题。答案定位到“Requirements”部分,“Pleasewriteaboutthreereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(论点)statementintheformofbod

yparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpracticalevidencefromrespectedsources.”请在文章主体部分，写出3个论据来支撑你的论点，论据要从可信度高的资料中获得，要是实用的证据。故选D。3.Whencanyousub

mityouressayforfree?A.June4,2020.B.May25,2020.C.March4,2020.D.July25,2020.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Deadlines

”部分，“Early-BirdDeadline:May4,2020--Freefortheentry.”可知20202年5月4日以前是免费的，故选C。BWhen17-year-oldWolfCukiera

cceptedaninternship(实习)atNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,heexpectedtobechallengedandgaininsightsintop

ursuingacareerinphysics.Instead,thehighschooljuniorattainedworldwidefameforanachievement—findinganewplanet!Theteenagerwastaskedwithexaminingimage

softhechangesinstarbrightnessinsearchofevidenceofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem.“Iwasprettymuchspendingmysummerlookingatdataa

ndimagesonacomputerscreen,”Cukiersaid.“Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasastareclipse(遮

光)butthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet.”Anditwasnoordinaryplaneteither.FurtherresearchbyCukierandateamofscientistsfr

omGoddardrevealedthatTOI1338b,asitisnowcalled,isarareplanet—aworldorbitingtwostars.Cukier,afanofStarWars,comparesittoTatooineinthemovie.“It'sv

erymuchlikeTatooine,atleasthowthestarswouldappearinthesky.So,itwouldalsohaveadoublesunset.”Theresearchers,whoshowedtheirf

indingsonJanuary6,2020,believethatTOI1338bisabout6.9timeslargerthantheearth.ItisalsotheonlyplanetintheTOI1338system,whichlies1,30

0light-yearsawayfromtheearth.TheexpertsstatethatTOI1338b'stwostars,whichorbiteachotherevery15days,varyinsize.Talkingabouthisdiscovery,Cuk

iersaysitwasbothluckand“puttinginthehardwork”thatledtohisdiscovery.“Yes,whatIdidisimpressive,butitalsodidn'ttakethatma

nyspecialskills.So,ifsomeoneisinterestedinscience,likemyage,andeveniftheydon'thavetraining,theyshouldstilljustreachoutt

oresearchersandfindsomethingthattheycandobecausealmostanyonecanlookthroughdata.Itjusthappenedtobeme,whosawthiso

ne.”Asforhisfuture,Cukierplanstostudyeitherphysicsorastrophysicsincollege.HehopestoattendStanford,PrincetonorMITnextautumn.语篇解读：

本文是新闻报道。文章通过介绍一位美国高中生在NASA实习时，通过查看数据与图像，发现一颗特殊的行星，这颗行星同时围绕两颗恒星旋转。高中生还幽默地将这颗行星与电影中的行星做比较。最后，高中生表达了对天文学的热爱和今后的职业规划。主题贴近学生生活，对学生有教育意义。4.Howdid

WolfCukierfeelwhenhefirstsawthesignalfromTOI1338b?A.Hewasoverjoyed.B.Hewaspuzzled.C.Hewasworried.D.Hewasuninterested.【答

案】B【解析】细节理解题。把题干中的“HowdidWolfCukierfeel”与第一、二段的内容进行匹配；从第二段中的“Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.At

first,Ithoughtitwasastareclipsebutthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet.”可知，开始主人公以为是恒星的遮光，但与时间又不符。这说明WolfCukie

r在刚看到图像信息时是困惑的。故选B。5.WhatisspecialaboutTOI1338b?A.ItwasfoundbyNASAscientists.B.Itcirclesaroundtwosta

rs.C.ItresemblesTatooineinthesolarsystem.D.Itisabout6.9timeslargerthantheearth.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。排除选项A，文本第一段表明是一位高中生在NASA实习时最早洞察到

新行星的，而不是美国航天局的科学家；选择选项B，文本第三段中的‚arareplanet—aworldorbitingtwostars‛说明其特别之处；排除选项C，文本第二段中的‚examiningimagesofthech

angesinstarbrightnessinsearchofevidenceofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem‛，说明新行星不属于太阳系；排除选项D，文本第三段中提到了行星的大小，但不是其特别之处。故选B。6.WhatdoesWolfCukierthinkl

eadstohisdiscovery?A.Hisaffectionforstarwarsmovies.B.HavinganinternshipatNASA.C.Hisluckanddevotion.D.Hisspecialskillsandtrai

ning.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的‚Cukiersaysitwasbothluckand‘puttinginthehardwork’thatledtohisdiscovery‛可知C项正确。故选C。7.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.A

moviereview.B.Aphysicspaper.C.Asciencefiction.D.Anewspaperreport.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。通读本短文内容可知，这是一篇‚新闻报道‛。A选项为‚电影影评‛

，排除；B选项为‚物理学论文‛，排除；C选项为‚科幻小说‛，排除。故选D。CDecidingtogethermoney’sworthoutoftheweddingdressonwhichshespentover$1,000,anAustralianwomanhasbeenwearingher

weddingdress,ayearafterherwedding.43-year-oldTammyHalladoptedanewlifestyle-anti-consumerism(反消费主义)lifestylein2016,af

teratriptoIndiaopenedhereyestohowmuchweasasocietyconsumed.ShedecidednottobuyanynewclothesorfootwearforawholeyearaftershereturnedhometoAdel

aide,inSouthernAustralia,andshemanagedtomakeit.Butlastyear,asherweddingdayapproached,shefacedadilemma.Shewan

tedtolookgoodonthemostimportantdayofherlife,buthowcouldshespendasmallfortuneontheweddingdressshewouldonlywearonthatday?"IntheendIdecidedthatifIwas

goingtogetaweddingdress,I'dmakesureIcouldgetmymoney'sworth,"HalltellsPARealLife."ThefirsttimeIworeitaftertheweddingwastovoteintheAustralia

nelectioninearly2019,"the43-year-oldadds."Sincethen,it'sbeentoallsortsofplaces.Wearingitonacrowdedtrainwasespeciallyf

unny,butI'vewornittodohousework,tofootballgamesandtothegym."Hallsaysthatshehasgottensomestrangelooksfrompeople,butnoirritating（令人愤怒

的）comments.Itmayhavesomethingtodowiththefactthatthedressisnotthefanciest,butshebelievespeoplearejusttooreservedtosayany

thing.Anyway,shedoesn'treallycare,becausesheknowsshehastohitthegoalshehassetandwearingthedressmultipletimesisthemostreason

ablewayshecouldthinkoftomakethemostofherweddingdress.HallnowplanstowearherweddingdressonatriptoIcelandtha

tsheandherpartnerwilltakenextsummer.语篇解读：这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，一位反消费主义观念的澳大利亚妇女，为了避免浪费，结婚后一直穿婚纱做各种事，她认为多次穿上这件婚纱是利用婚纱最合理的方式。8.WhydidTammyHalladoptanewlif

estyle?A.ToadaptherselftoIndianlife.B.Tocutdownherconsumption.C.Tosavemoneyforhernexttrip.D.Togetpreparedforherwedding.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由题干

关键词TammyHall和anewlifestyle可将答案定位到第二段。由第二段的句子可知，43岁的TammyHall接受了一种新的生活方式——反消费主义，因为此前一次印度之行让她看到了我们这个社会消费了多少东西，回到Adelaide后

，她决定一整年不买任何新衣服或新鞋，说明她认为社会存在过度消费，所以接受反消费主义并缩减消费。故选B项。9.WhatdidTammyHalldotogethermoney'sworthoutofherwedding

dress?A.Shebroughtfuntopeoplewithit.B.Shetriedtowearittoearnmoney.C.Sheworeitrepeatedlyindailylife.D.Shegotitexchangedagainandagain.【

答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第四段和第五段可知，为了确保从婚纱中得到价值，婚礼后她穿婚纱去2019年初的澳大利亚大选中投票，从那以后，她穿婚纱去过各种各样的地方，在拥挤的火车，做家务、踢足球和健身；可知TammyHall在日

常生活中穿婚纱。故选C项。10.WhatcanweinferaboutTammyHall?A.Sheisdeterminedtoturnherideasintopractice.B.Shevaluesherwed

dingdresslessthanhertrips.C.Shehasbeenstrugglingtomaketheendsmeet.D.Shehasinfluencedpeople'slifestyle

widely.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“ShedecidednottobuyanynewclothesorfootwearforawholeyearaftershereturnedhometoAdelaide,inSouthernAustralia,andshemanagedto

makeit.”第四段“IntheendIdecidedthatifIwasgoingtogetaweddingdress,I'dmakesureIcouldgetmymoney'sworth”和倒数第二段“Anyway,shedoesn'

treallycare,becausesheknowsshehastohitthegoalshehassetandwearingthedressmultipletimesisthemostreasonablewayshecouldthinkoftomakethemostofherwedd

ingdress.”推断出TammyHall是一个能把想法付诸实践的人。故选A项。DPoetryContestPoetryContestDeadline:Monday,November23,2020Sponsoredby:FunomMakamaContest

Description•18poemsofthemaximum35allowedtobeenteredhavebeenentered.•Carefullyreadthesamplepoembyvisitingourwebsiteatwww.cobu

ild.collins.co.uk.•TakenoteofALLthemeters/patters/sequenceusedinthesamplepoem.WhattoSubmit?Anoriginalpoemonanythemeandofanytitle,publishednot

earlierthanthe25thofOctober,2020,thispoemMUSTfollowallthemeters/patters/sequenceyou'vekeenlyobserved

inthesamplepoem.Beneathyourpoemshouldbethecontestname,sponsor'snameanddateofpublication.PreparingYourEntrySubmitonecopyofyourpoemonline.Format

yourpoem.Pleasemakeyourentryeasytoread---noillustrationsorfancyfonts(字体).EnglishLanguagePoemsshouldbeinEnglish.Poems

translatedfromotherlanguagesarenotqualified,unlessyouwroteboththeoriginalpoemandthetranslation.NotetoPoetryContestantsYouarewelcomet

oenterthiscontest,whetherornotyouwonaprizeinoneofourpreviouscontests.GOODLUCK!11.Howmanypoemshavebeenenteredfor

thecontestsofar?A.17B.18C.35.D.53.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据“18poemsofthemaximum35allowedtobeenteredhavebeenentered.”最多可以有35首参赛诗，目前有1

8首参赛。故选B。12.Whatpreparationsshouldacontestantmakeforhis/herentry?A.Printingthepoemonthepaper.B.Formatting

thepoemproperly.C.Addingillustrationsbeneaththepoem.D.Writingthepoemwithbeautifulfonts.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Prepa

ringYourEntry”，根据”Submitonecopyofyourpoemonline.Formatyourpoem.Pleasemakeyourentryeasytoread---noillustrationsor

fancyfonts(字体).”可知，要将你的诗歌的副本上传到网上。诗歌要排版，参赛作品要简洁，不要有插图和字体。故选B。13.Whatkindofpoemsismostlikelytobeenteredforthecontest?A.Apoemselected

fromabookB.ApoempublishedonOctober24,2020.C.ApoemwritteninFrenchwithoutitstranslation.D.Apoemwrittenonyourownwi

ththegivenpattern.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Anoriginalpoemonanythemeandofanytitle,publishednotearlierthanthe25thofOctober

,2020.诗歌需要原创并且不能于2020年10月25日之前发表，故A、B选项错误；根据“PoemsshouldbeinEnglish.Poemstranslatedfromotherlanguagesarenotquali

fied.”诗歌必须是英文，翻译成别的语言没有参赛资格，故C选项错误。D选项：符合给定格式的原创诗歌，是可以参赛的。故选D。