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课时质量评价(二十三)选择性必修第一册Unit5RevealingnatureA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空A(2020·湖南长郡中学适应性考试)Chickensareexcellentnaturalenemiesoflocusts(蝗虫).On

average,onechickencancatchover600locustsadayandcancover0.6acreofgrassland.1.________(official)inChina'sXinjia

nghavehandedoutover2，200chickenstolocalfarmers,2.________(hope)tocontrollocusts.Therehasbeenadeclineinthelocustpopulationinseveralcounties3._____

___themeasurehasbeenadopted.Areportpredicted4.________(high)thannormalincidentsoflocustsforthenorthernpartofChina,5.________(main)owingtowarmerwin

tertemperatures.Nearly10，000acresinWushicountyhavealreadybeendestroyedbylocusts.PreviouseffortstokilllocustsinXinjia

ngincludedpesticides(杀虫剂)that,whileeffective,also6.________(end)upkillingoffbeneficialinsectsandharmingtheecosyst

em.Alternatively,only100chickenslastyearinWushicountywereabletoeffectivelylimitdamage7.________morethan1，300acres.Thisisn'tthefirsttimeChina8.

________(use)birdsagainstlocusts.AstoryfromTheTelegraphdescribedhowofficialstrained700，000chickensandducks9.________(run)afterandconsumelocustsatth

esoundofawhistle.Thecampaign,whichincludednearly280，000people,wasaresponsetothecountry'sworstlocustoutbreakin10._

_______quartercentury.【语篇解读】中国新疆的牧场面临蝗虫灾害，当地政府采取了生态措施，利用鸡、鸭捕杀蝗虫，最终取得了良好的效果。1.Officials考查名词的单复数。official为可数名词，根据下

文中的“havehandedout”可知，主语应用复数形式，故填Officials。2.hoping考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语havehandedout，此处与谓语之间无连词连接，由此判断此处应用非谓语动词，hope与主语

Officials之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填hoping。3.where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为counties，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where

。4.higher考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的“than”可知，此处应用比较级。5.mainly考查词性转换。此处修饰介词短语owingto，应该用副词作状语，mainly意为“主要地”。6.ended考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，that引

导定语从句，在从句中作主语，此处作从句谓语，根据主句中的谓语动词included可以判断，从句应该用一般过去时。故填ended。7.to考查介词。limit...to...为固定搭配，意为“把„„限定在„„”，故填t

o。8.hasused考查动词的时态。Thisis/was(not)thefirsttime(that)．..为固定句型，意为“这(不)是第一次„„”，当主句谓语是is时，that从句应该用现在完成时，故填has

used。9.torun考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填torun。10.a考查固定搭配。根据语境，此处应表示“近25年里”。aquarter意为“四分之一”，为固定搭配，故填a。BYou'veheardofgettinglostinabook.Now,get

readytogetlostina“river”ofbooksZhongshuge,abookstoreinYangzhou,China.When1.________(walk)intoZhongshuge,you'resurroundedonallsidesby

atunnelofbooks.An2.________(architecture)studiocalledX＋LivingdesignedZhongshuge.Theshelves3.________(arrange)incurvedshapestocreatethetunnel-likea

ppearance.Theflooriscoveredwithblackmirrors,reflectingtheshelvesaboveandcreatingthefeel4.________thebookshelv

escontinuedownpasttheflooryou'restanding5.________.Asitturnsout,thestore'sdesignhasmore6.________(significant)thanjustafunfeel.Yangzhouisfullofcanal

sandrivers.X＋Living,therefore,7.________(combine)thisconceptwithZhongshuge8.________(perfect),andtriedtocreatea“river”ofbooks.Asif

allthatweren'tenough,Zhongshugehas9.________amazingspaceforchildren'sbooksaswell.Thebookshelvesareshapedlikehouses,clouds,andeve

nahotairballoon10.________(offer)themaparadise.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国扬州的一家书店——钟书阁，及店内的设计布置等情况。1.walking考查省略句。在when引导的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。本句的

完整形式为“When(youare)walkingintoZhongshuge”。故填walking。2.architectural考查形容词。修饰名词studio应用形容词architectural，表示“建筑学的”。故填archite

ctural。3.arearranged考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为shelves，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填arearranged。4.that考查同位语从句。此处为同位语从句解释说明前面的thefeel，且从句中不缺

少成分，故填that。5.on考查固定搭配。standon为固定搭配，表示“站在”。故填on。6.significance考查名词。此处作动词has的宾语，应用名词significance“意义，重要性”。故填signific

ance。7.combined考查动词的时态。combine在句中作谓语，且根据后文中的并列谓语“andtried”可知，应用一般过去时。故填combined。8.perfectly考查副词。此处修饰动词combined，应用副词perfectly

，表示“完美地”。故填perfectly。9.an考查冠词。space此处表示“间隔”，为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且amazing为元音音素开头的单词。故填an。10.tooffer考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，of

fer在句中作目的状语应用不定式。故填tooffer。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.我如此忙以至于我不能帮忙照顾孩子。(so...that...)I'msobusythatIcan'thelptolookafterthechild.2.从他的表情看，我怀疑他是个

小偷。(suspect)Judgingfromhisexpression,Isuspectedhimtobe/asathief.3.她回到家时，有一大堆信件等着她。(现在分词作后置定语)Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmails

waitingforher．4.据说到目前为止汤姆已经记住了2000个汉字。(besaidtodo...)Tomissaidtohavelearnedbyheart2，000Chinesecharactersuptonow.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Althoughith

asbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarecapableofseeing,hearingandsmelling,theyarestillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirst

time,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasonic(超声的)crieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfiel

dofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater­starvedcrops.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniver

sityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirstemitcu

t.Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsome

mammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideagainstlayingeggsonaplantthatsoundswater

­stressed,theresearcherssuggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactaccordingly,they

speculate(推断)．Onaverage,drought­stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanav

erageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Itisevenpo

ssibletodistinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestressis.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltorecognisebetweentheplants'soundsandthewind,r

ainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound'sintensityan

dfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.Enablingfarmerstolis

tenforwater­stressedplantscould“openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionagriculture”，theresearcherssuggest.Theyadd

thatsuchanabilitywillbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareastodrought.“Thesuggestionthatthesoun

dsthatdrought­stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasible(可行的)ifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafieldsit

uation，”saysAnneVisscherattheroyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Shewarnsthattheresultscan'tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltortempe

rature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyothe

ranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsbasedonguessesfornow,shesays.1.TheexperimentbyresearchersatTelAvi

vUniversityshowsthat________．A.tomatoplantscrymoreoftenthantobaccowhenhurtB.plantsoundscanbeheardbyplantsquitefarawayC.humansca

nhearwater­hungryplantscryingD.mothslikelayingeggsonstressedplant2.WhatisAnneVisscher'sattitudetowardsthefindi

ngoftheexperiment?A.Disappointed.B.Cautious.C.Appreciative.D.Optimistic.3.Takingadvantageofthenewres

earchfinding,farmerscan________．A.harvestcropsintimeB.reducegreenhouseeffectsC.diagnoseplantconditionfasterD.detectandremov

einsectseasily4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PlantsGetStressedJustLikeUsB.SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAwayC

.CriesofPlantsBreakFarmers'HeartsD.PlantsScreaminthePresenceofStress【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，植物在受到缺水或者被砍断的压力时，会发出尖叫声。这一新发现开创了精准农业的一个新领域。1.A细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.”可知，研究人员的实验显示番茄植株受到伤害时比烟草植株更容易发出尖叫声。故选A。2.B推理

判断题。根据倒数第一段中的“theresultscan'tyetbebroadened...sothatidearemainsbasedonguesses...”可知，AnneVisscher对实验结果持谨慎的态度。故选B。3.C

推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，这一新的发现让农民能够听到缺水植物的声音，农民就可以快速判断植物当前处于缺水的状况。故选C。4.D标题归纳题。文章第一段提到“theyhavebeenrecordedma

kingultrasonic(超声的)crieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.”下文是说明这一研究的

具体过程。植物在受到缺水或者被砍断的压力时，会发出声音。因此文章的标题应该是“植物在压力下会发出尖叫声”。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空Therehewas,turningthecornerofHawleyandMainStreetlikeclockwork.

Hisredhairseemedtocatchthesunlight,givinghisheadasoftcandle—flameglow.Hecaughtmyeye,andupwenthisarmin

hisusualwave.Asusual,I1backandgavehimawarmsmile.Ididn'tknowhisname,buthewasvery2toeverybody.Nomattertheweather,Isaw

himwalkingouttherealmosteveryday.Havingmovedfromalargercity,Iwasn'tusedtowavesfrom3.Actually,whereverwewere,peoplehardly4eachother.Wesimplypasse

dbyeachother,headsdown,mindingourown5．Perhapsthat'swhyIenjoyedthesedailywaves.Itfeltgreattobe6andreceivethatmessageof“Hello！”.Ondayswhenwedidn't7t

opasseachother,Imissedhimandwonderedifhewasallright.Thenextday,I'dfindmyselfdrivingwithoneeyeonthe8.ItwasahappyreunionwhenIspotte

dhim,andI'dwavefirstinmy9．OnenightIwaswalkinginthestreet,mythoughtstravelledto“TheWaver”，wonderingifIcouldbe10enoughtowaveatpeo

pleIdidn'tknow.Justatthepoint,Iheardacar11.Imadeeyecontactwiththepersoninthecar,smiledandwavedather.Thewoman'sface1

2，andshewavedback.Iwasalittlesurprised.Iremindedmyself,“It'sokay.It'sactuallykindof13！”IwavedtoeveryoneIsawtherestoftheway

home.Everyoneatsomepointintheirliveswondersifthey'vemadeany14ontheworld.Icantellyouthatyoudon'thavetochangetheworld15.It'senoughtohe

lpsweetenitalittle,evensimplybyaheart­warmingwave.1.A.wavedB.tookC.salutedD.glanced2.A.cautiousB.reliableC.friendlyD.t

hankful3.A.strangersB.relativesC.colleaguesD.employers4.A.informedB.encouragedC.encounteredD.acknowledged5.A.behavioursB.businessC.appear

anceD.manners6.A.worriedB.noticedC.relievedD.checked7.A.agreeB.attemptC.promiseD.happen8.A.pedestriansB.buildingsC.streetD.children

9.A.mildnessB.kindnessC.eagernessD.brightness10.A.braveB.matureC.luckyD.crazy11.A.attackingB.escapingC.followingD.approaching12.A.lengthenedB.sof

tenedC.worsenedD.tightened13.A.coolB.toughC.freshD.curious14.A.commentB.impactC.decisionD.sense15.A.

accuratelyB.slightlyC.thoroughlyD.generally【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过向陌生人挥手感悟到每个人在人生的某个阶段都想知道自己是否对这个世界产生了影响。你不需要彻底改变这个世界，即使只是一个简单的挥手也可以让世界变得更

美好。1.A根据上文“Hecaughtmyeye,andupwenthisarminhisusualwave.”可知，作者也向对方挥了挥手作为回应。故选A。2.C根据上文对方跟不认识的作者打招呼可知，那个人对每个人都很友好。故选C。3.A根据上文“Ididn'tknowhisname

”可知，作者不习惯陌生人向自己招手。故选A。4.D在大城市里，人们不习惯陌生人向自己招手，因此无论在哪里，人们几乎都不认识对方。故选D。5.B此处考查固定短语mindone'sownbusiness表

示“管自己的事”。故选B。6.B根据上文陌生人注意到了作者，向作者挥手可知，作者感到被人注意到的感觉棒极了。故选B。7.D根据上文可知，作者和陌生男子只是在街上碰巧遇到的，短语happento“碰巧发生”。故选D。8.C根据上文“Imissed

himandwonderedifhewasallright.”可知，作者想念和自己挥手的男子，因此开车的时候一只眼睛还盯着街上。故选C。9.C作者和对方好几天不见，因此在此重聚时，急切地向他挥手。短语inone'

seagerness“急切地”。故选C。10.A根据上文可知作者并不习惯和陌生人挥手，因此此处是在思考自己是否能够勇敢地向不认识的人挥手。故选A。11.D根据下文“Imadeeyecontactwiththepersoninthecar”可知，有车开过来了，逐渐靠近作者。故选D。12

.B根据上文“smiledandwavedather”可知，作者向车里的女士微笑和挥手，对方的脸色变得柔和，也向作者挥了挥手。故选B。13.A根据上文“It'sokay.”可知，作者这么做了以后，觉得还挺酷的，承接上文okay，此处用cool更符合语境。故选A。14.B根据下

文“ontheworld”可知，此处考查短语makeanimpacton表示“对„„产生影响”。故选B。15.C根据下文“It'senoughtohelpsweetenitalittle,evensimplybyaheart­wa

rmingwave.”可知，你不必彻底改变世界，只需要一个简单的热情的挥手，就可以使世界更甜蜜一点儿。故选C。Ⅲ.语法填空Manyofmyfriendslikefallandtakeitastheirf

avouriteseason.Lastweekend,Iwentoutdoorsandsoon1.________(find)adeeperappreciationforthisseason.Thechangeofleaf

coloursisacommonreasongiven2.________theloveoffall.Eachtreereacts3.________(different)tothechangeoftheseason.Somes

hedtheirleavesinhopesofreproducing.However,other4.________(tree)remaingreenforaslongaspossibletogainadditionalenergyfromth

esuntosurvivethewinter.Thiseffect5.________(call)theflight-or-fightresponse.Fallisatimeof6.________(reflect)and

preparationfortheyearahead.Ihavefoundameaningoffallforme.I'm7.________18-year-oldboyinthefinalyearofhighschoolandmylifeisaworkinprogress.There

aretimesIwanttogiveup,butthenIlookaroundmeandrealiselifekeeps8.________(move).Thenaturalcycleoflifeisbeautifulanddoesn'tstopgrowingsoIhavetolearnto

keepup.Themeaningoffallisdifferentforeachperson.Iencourageyou9.________(go)outtofollowsomepathorsidewalkanddiscover10.________fallmeanstoyou.【语篇解读】作

者喜欢秋天这个季节，因为它是作者反思和准备未来的时刻，能让作者不断前进。1.found考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Lastweekend”和“went”可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事，故填found。2.for考查固定搭配。there

asonfor...为固定搭配，意为“„„的原因”，故填for。3.differently考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词reacts，故填differently。4.trees考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，此处other修饰名词复数，且谓语动

词为复数，故填trees。5.iscalled考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，call和主语Thiseffect是被动关系，且此处描述的是一种客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填iscalled。6.reflection考查词性转换。of是介词，后

面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，再结合and后的preparation可知，此处应填reflection。7.an考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。8.

moving考查固定用法。keepdoingsth.为固定用法，意为“一直做某事，继续做某事”，故填moving。9.togo考查固定用法。encouragesb.todosth.为固定用法，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填togo。10.what考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从

句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。