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课时质量评价(十五)必修第三册Unit3TheworldofscienceA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AYoumaynotknowthenameJohnSmithPemberton,butyoumustknowthenameofhis1.________(invent):Coca-Cola.Pemb

ertonwasaUSchemist.WhenhewaswoundedintheCivilWar,heusedmedicinetoeasethepainandgraduallygot2.________(addict)toit.Tolighttheadd

iction,hecreatedhisowndrinkby3.________(use)leavesofcocaandnutsofkola.Henamed4.________，“Pemberton'sFrenchWineCoca”.In

thesameyear,thelocalgovernmentpassedabanonalcohol.Pembertonhadtochangetherecipetoremovethealcohol.In1886,P

embertoninvitedWillisVenabletohelphimperfecthisnewrecipe.Theyusedcarbonatedwaterandfinallyinventedanewdrink.

Ithadnoalcohol5.________couldstilleasepainandclearthemind.Pembertondecidedtosellit6.________adrinkratherth

anamedicine.In1887,PembertonsoldpartofthestockofhiscompanytoAsaCandler,7.________latercreatedtheCoca-ColaCompany.Nowadays,Coca­Colahasbeco

meoneofthemostpopular8.________(drink)intheworld.Thecompanyonlyofferssemi-finishedproductstopartnersandwon'tsell

the9.________(origin)ingredients(成分).ItssecretrecipewaskeptintheSunTrustBankinAtlantafor86yearsuntiltheendof2011.Sinc

ethen,it10.________(keep)intheWorldofCoca-ColacentreinAtlanta.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了可口可乐的发明过程。1.invention考查名

词。根据上文his为形容词性物主代词，故填名词invention。2.addicted考查固定搭配。短语getaddictedto意为“上瘾；沉迷于”。故填addicted。3.using考查非谓语动词。by为介词后跟动词时要用动名词作宾语，故填using。4.it考查代词。此

处指代上文drink，故填代词it。5.but考查连词。根据上下文语境可知此处为转折关系，故填but。6.as考查介词。根据语境可知表示“作为；当作”，故填介词as。7.who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为AsaCandler，且从句中缺少主语，指人，用who引导

。故填who。8.drinks考查名词的单复数。短语oneof后跟名词复数形式，表示“„„其中之一”，故填drinks。9.original考查形容词。修饰名词ingredients应用形容词，故填original。10.hasbeenkept考查

动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文“Sincethen”可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系应用被动语态，主语为it，用hasbeendone。故填hasbeenkept。BSituatedinBeijing'sShichahaiscenicar

ea,CAVElooksnodifferentfromany1.________caféinthecityontheoutside,2.________peoplesteppinginforacupofcoffeewillfind

itinterestinginside.Somecustomersareholdingandtouchinghedgehogs(刺猬)3.________(gentle)intheirpalms.Inrecentyears,

anincreasingnumberofanimalthemedcafés4.________(gain)hugepopularityamongChina'scitydwellers.Withthis5.________(

rise)trend,abunchofeateriesmakingmoneyoutofhousinguniqueanimalssuchashedgehogshassprungup.InBeijingalone,thereareseveralcafésorrestaura

ntslikeCAVE.ThereisaJapanesepub,6.________hasthreeraccoons(浣熊)andacaféwherecustomerscantake7._______

_(photo)withabout30huskies(哈士奇)．CAVE,whichisalsothecity'sfirsthedgehogthemedcafé，nowhassevenhedgehogskeptincagesinaroom8.________(sep

arate)fromthediningarea.Ifcustomerswanttoplaywiththehedgehogs,theyneedtoput9.________thickglovesandt

hewaiterswillbringthemoutandputthemontothecustomers'hands.“Ithinkhedgehogsareaverygoodidea.It'soriginalandinteres

ting，”saidSerhiiMelnyk,atouristfromPolandwho10.________(stop)bythecafétograbanAmericanoandwasattractedtotheanimal.【语

篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着动物主题咖啡馆的兴起，不少咖啡馆引入不太常见的动物供顾客参观或者玩耍，以此来吸引消费者。位于北京什刹海的CAVE是该市第一家动物主题咖啡馆，咖啡馆里养着七只刺猬，顾客可以戴着厚厚的手套和它们玩耍。

1.other考查代词。此处考查固定表达anyother＋名词单数“其他任何„„”，故填other。2.but考查连词。根据句意“CAVE和城市里其他任何咖啡店看起来没什么不一样，但是去喝咖啡的人会发现它里面很有

趣”可知前后句为转折关系，故填but。3.gently考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词，故填gently。4.havegained考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知此处是谓语动词，根据“Inrecentyears”判断为现在完成时

，主语cafés是复数，故填havegained。5.rising考查形容词。此处应填形容词修饰名词，risingtrend“新兴的风尚”，故填rising。6.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是pub，指物，关系词在从

句中充当主语，应该用关系代词which，故填which。7.photos考查名词的单复数。此处考查短语takephotos“拍照”，故填photos。8.separate/separated考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词作后置

定语，逻辑主语room(房间)和separate(隔离)之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词separated；或因为separate可以作为形容词，故此处还可理解为形容词作后置定语，故填separate/separated。9.on考查介词。此处考查短语pu

ton“穿上”，故填on。10.stopped考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知此处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文的said判断为一般过去时，stopby“顺便看望，顺便拜访”，故填stopped。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.约翰是昨晚穿着他最好的衣服去参加舞会的。(强调句型)I

twaslastnightthatJohnworehisbestsuittothedance.2.如果他们那时没有帮助我们，我们现在仍然处于困境中。(虚拟语气)Iftheyhadn'thelpedusthen,wewouldstillbein

troublenow.3.我和汤姆都是来自北京的学生。(aswellas)I,aswellasTom,amastudentwhocomesfromBeijing.4.他脸上的表情表明他很生气。(suggestthat...)

Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasveryangry．B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Ifyoubelievethatscientistsandartistsaremostcreativewhen

they'reyoung,youaremissinganimportantpartofthestory.AnewstudypublishedinDeEconomistlookedatNobelPrizewinnersinthefieldofecono

mics.Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.Theresearchsupportspreviousworkbytheaut

horsthatfoundsimilarpatternsintheartsandothersciences.“Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally，

”saidBruceWeinberg,leadauthorofthestudyandprofessorofeconomicsatTheOhioStateUniversity.“Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusivelyassociatedwith

youth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou'retalkingabout.”Inthestudy,thosewhodidtheirmostgroundbreakingworkearlyintheircareerstendedtobe“con

ceptual”innovators(创新者)．Thesetypeofinnovators“thinkoutsidethebox”，challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwith

newideas.Conceptualinnovatorsarenotyetimmersed(沉浸于)intheacceptedtheoriesoftheirfield,Weinbergsaid.Butthe

reisanotherkindofcreativity,hesaid,whichisfoundamong“experimental”innovators.Theseinnovatorsaccumulateknowledgethroughtheircareersandfindnewwayst

ounderstandit.ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)career.“Whe

theryouhityourcreativepeakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhaveaconceptualorexperimentalapproach，”Weinbergsaid.Theresearcherstookan

ovel,empirical(经验主义的)approachtothestudy,whichinvolved31laureates.Theyarrangedthelaureatesonalistfromthemostexperimentalt

omostconceptual.Thisrankingwasbasedonthelaureates'mostimportantwork,classifyingtheminto“conceptual”or“experimental”．A

fterclassifyingthelaureates,theresearchersdeterminedtheageatwhicheachlaureatemadehismostimportantcontributiontoeconomicsandcouldbeconsideredathis

creativepeak.Theyfoundthatconceptuallaureatespeakedbetweenages25and29.Experimentallaureatespeakedwhentheywereroughlytwice

asold,intheirmid­50s.“Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork，”We

inbergsaid.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thinkoutsidethebox”mean?A.Followrulesstrictly.B.Experimentonboxes.C.Breakoldthoughtpatterns.D.Figureouthowt

oescapefromabox.2.Whatdoweknowabout“experimental”innovators?A.Theyusuallycomeupwithnewideasallofasudden.B.Theymakediscove

riesthroughconstanttrialanderror.C.Themajorityofthemreachtheircreativepeakintheirtwenties.D.Theymakemorecontributionsthan“conceptual”innov

ators.3.Whatdotheresearchersbelievedeterminessomeone'screativepeak?A.One'spersonalitytype.B.Whatkindofjobonetakes.C.Howonehandlestheirwork.D.One's

attitudetowardstheirwork.4.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Creativitycomesatanyage,youngorold.B.Creativi

tytendstodecreaseaspeoplegetolder.C.Economists,artistsandotherscientistshavemuchincommon.D.Economistsa

remorecreativethanartistsandotherscientists.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过对一些诺贝尔奖获得者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者，是“概念性的”的创新

者还是“实验性的”创新者。1.C词义猜测题。在画线短语所在的句子中，后面的非谓语动词部分“challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas”是对画线短语的补充解释，意思为“挑战传统

智慧，突然想出新点子”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的思维模式。故选C。2.B细节理解题。根据第七段内容可知，“实验性”的创新者是从不断的反复实验中获得发现。故选B。3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员认为，决定你什么时候达到创造力巅峰

的是你如何处理你的工作。此题是语义转换，“howyouapproachyourwork”和选项C中的“Howonehandlestheirwork”是语义转换。故选C。4.A主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Itfoun

dtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.”及倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要是说明创造力巅峰可以出现在任何年龄，可能在年轻的时候，也可能是年老的时候。

什么时候出现创造力巅峰与你如何处理你的工作有关。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Thelionsandleopards(豹)ofanationalparkinIndianormallydonotgetalong.They1eachotherforspaceandfood.Butabou

tayearago,ayounglionessinthepark2ababyleopard.The2­month­oldbabywithbrownearsandblueeyeswas3，andthelionessspentweeksnursing,4andcaringforhimunt

ilhedied.Shetreatedhimasifhewereoneofherowntwosons,whowereaboutthesameage.Thiswasa5caseofcross-speci

esadoptioninthewild,andtheonlydocumentedexampleinvolvinganimalsthatarenormally6．7，theparkworkersthoughttheassociationwouldbebrief,but

thiswenton.Thefamilywere8totourthepark.Thelionesstookcareofthebaby,and9meatthatshehunted.Thenewbrother

splayedwithhimandoccasionallyfollowedhimuptrees.Thisunlikely10wassurelyamazing.Althoughthisadoptionwaspuz

zling,ithighlightsthe11betweenthetwospecies.Untiltheyreachyoungadulthood,whensocialdifferences12，lionsandleopardspl

ayandbegformilkinsimilarways.Forthismotherlioness,shemayhave13thebaby'smoreleopard-likefeatures—hissmell,sizeandspottedappearance.Hejustjumpe

din.The14oftheinterspeciesadoptioninthewildwouldbesweetenoughforachildren'sbook,yet15enoughtoattractscientists.1.A.putupwithB.takea

dvantageofC.dependonD.fightwith2.A.scaredB.adoptedC.spottedD.attacked3.A.lazyB.braveC.weakD.dangerous4.A.feedingB.ch

eckingC.followingD.dressing5.A.simpleB.typicalC.famousD.rare6.A.friendsB.competitorsC.partnersD.neighbours7.A.In

itiallyB.LuckilyC.CertainlyD.Unexpectedly8.A.expectedB.observedC.persuadedD.pushed9.A.cookedB.packedC.sharedD.burned10.A.experienceB.affai

rC.agreementD.connection11.A.communicationB.similaritiesC.behaviourD.differences12.A.emergeB.remainC.recoverD.survive13.A.comparedB.dislikedC

.ignoredD.protected14.A.incidentB.experienceC.reportD.tale15.A.strangeB.caringC.reliableD.moving【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一

个公园中一只母狮子收养了一只两个月大的小豹子，母狮子花了几个星期的时间来照料它，喂养它，直到它死去。她对待他就像对待自己两个儿子一样。这是一个罕见的野生跨物种领养案例。1.D根据上文“Thelionsandleopards(豹)ofanationalparkinIndianorm

allydonotgetalong.”可知，狮子和豹子通常不会和睦相处，它们会为空间和食物相互争斗。故选D。2.B根据第二段中的“Shetreatedhimasifhewereoneofherowntwo

sons,whowereaboutthesameage.”可知，母狮子收养了一只小豹子。故选B。3.C根据上文“The2-month-oldbaby”可知，小豹子才两个月大，很虚弱。故选C。4.A根据下文“andcaring

forhim”可知母狮子给小豹子喂食、照顾它直到它死去。故选A。5.D根据下文“caseofcross-speciesadoptioninthewild”可知，野生跨物种领养是一个罕见案例。故选D。6.B根据第一段中的“Thelionsandleopards(

豹)ofanationalparkinIndianormallydonotgetalong.”可知，狮子和豹子本来是竞争对手，故选B。7.A根据下文“theparkworkersthoughttheassociationwouldbebrief,butthiswenton”可知，起初公园工作

人员认为这种联系会很短暂，但事情继续下去了。故选A。8.B根据下文“totourthepark”可知，母狮子和幼崽这一家子被人们观察到在公园里游览。故选B。9.C根据上文“Thelionesstookcareofthebaby”可知，母狮子给小豹子分享自己猎取到的肉。故选

C。10.D本来是竞争对手的两个物种，结果母狮子却收养了一只小豹子还成了一个家庭，这种联系让人觉得不可思议。故选D。11.B根据下文“lionsandleopardsplayandbegformilkinsimilarways”可知，这两个物种之间存在一定的相似性。

故选B。12.A根据上文“Untiltheyreachyoungadulthood,whensocialdifferences”可知，直到狮子和豹子进入成年期，它们的社会差异才会显现出来。故选A。13.C根据下文

“thebaby'smoreleopard-likefeatures—hissmell,sizeandspottedappearance”可知，母狮子收养小豹子是因为她忽略了小豹子的豹子特征。故选C。14.D根据下文“forachildren'sbook”可知，野生动物间的跨物种领养更像是

会出现在儿童读物里的故事。故选D。15.A第二段中的“caseofcross-speciesadoptioninthewild”提到跨物种领养本来就是个罕见的案例，所以对于科学家来说，野生动物间跨物种领养是很奇怪的。故

选A。Ⅲ.概要写作(2020·浙江杭州地区重点中学期中考试)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。USpsychotherapist(精神治疗师)VirginiaSatir(1916－19

88)oncesaid,“Weneed4hugsadayforsurvival.Weneed8hugsadayformaintenance.Weneed12hugsadayforgrowth.”Shebelievedthathugging

wasnecessaryandimportant.Researchershavefoundscientificevidencethatbacksupherbeliefs.Accordingtoarecentstudypubl

ishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,receivingahugcanreducestressandhelpprotectusfromillness.Inthestudy,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUnive

rsity(CMU)intheUSinvited404healthyadultstoparticipateininterviewsabouthowoftentheyexperiencedconflictsintheirdailylives,aswellas

howmanyhugstheyreceivedwithinaperiodoftwoweeks.Theseparticipantswereintentionallyexposedtocoldvirusesduringtheinterview.According

totheresearch,peoplewhoreceivedhugsonthesamedayswhentheyexperiencedconflictstendedtoreportfewernegativefeelingsduringthef

ollowingdays.Theyhavealsofoundthatpeoplewhoreceivedhugswerelessstressedout.Thephysicalcontactthatwegetthroughhuggingespecial

lyfromlovedonesisamarkerofintimacy(亲密)andhelpsgeneratethefeelingthatothersaretheretohelpinthefaceofadversity(困境),accordingtoScient

ificAmerican.Peoplefeelmorecomfortableandrelaxedafterhugging.Theresearchershavealsofoundthatthemorehugspeopleget,thelesslikelythey

aretocatchcolds,ScienceDailynoted.Whenpeoplereceivehugs,theyreleasemoreoxytocin(催产素),whichisalsoknownast

he“lovehormone”.Accordingtotheresearchers,thishormonecandecreaseone'sheartrateandlowerbloodpressure.Thiscanputpeopleintoastateofemotiona

lwell­being.Whenpeopleareinthisstate,theirimmunesystemsbecomestronger.Ofcourse,huggingisnottheonlywaytocomfortothers.“Butphysicalcontactlikehuggingca

ncomfortpeoplewithoutmakinganyjudgments(aboutrightorwrong)，”MichaelMurphyfromCMUtoldTime.___________

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_______________________【参考范文】Thenecessityandsignificanceofhuggingareconfirmedbyarecentstudy.Inthestudy,p

articipantswereaskedabouttheirconflictexperiencesandthehugstheyreceivedduringtwoweekswithexposuretocoldvirusesatthesametime.Asthestudysu

ggests,hugs,whichareofgreatbenefitforus,canhelpusgetawayfromnegativefeelingsandreleasestress.Thestudyal

sofindshuggingcanstrengthenpeople'simmunesystems,reducingthepossibilityofdevelopingillnesses.Itissurelyanide

alwaytogiveuscomfortbyhugging.