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课时质量评价(十五)必修第三册Unit3TheworldofscienceA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AYoumaynotknowthenameJohnSmithPemberton,butyoumustknowthenameofhis1

.________(invent):Coca-Cola.PembertonwasaUSchemist.WhenhewaswoundedintheCivilWar,heusedmedicinetoeasethepainandgraduallygot2.________

(addict)toit.Tolighttheaddiction,hecreatedhisowndrinkby3.________(use)leavesofcocaandnutsofkola.Henamed

4.________，“Pemberton'sFrenchWineCoca”.Inthesameyear,thelocalgovernmentpassedabanonalcohol.Pembertonhadtochangetherecipetoremovethealcohol.In1886,P

embertoninvitedWillisVenabletohelphimperfecthisnewrecipe.Theyusedcarbonatedwaterandfinallyinventedanewdrink.Ithadnoalcohol5.________coul

dstilleasepainandclearthemind.Pembertondecidedtosellit6.________adrinkratherthanamedicine.In1887,Pembertonsoldpar

tofthestockofhiscompanytoAsaCandler,7.________latercreatedtheCoca-ColaCompany.Nowadays,Coca­Colahasbecomeoneofthemostpopular8.________(drink

)intheworld.Thecompanyonlyofferssemi-finishedproductstopartnersandwon'tsellthe9.________(origin)ingredie

nts(成分).ItssecretrecipewaskeptintheSunTrustBankinAtlantafor86yearsuntiltheendof2011.Sincethen,it10.________(keep)intheWo

rldofCoca-ColacentreinAtlanta.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了可口可乐的发明过程。1.invention考查名词。根据上文his为形容词性物主代词，故填名词invention。2.add

icted考查固定搭配。短语getaddictedto意为“上瘾；沉迷于”。故填addicted。3.using考查非谓语动词。by为介词后跟动词时要用动名词作宾语，故填using。4.it考查代词。此处指代上文drink，故填代词it。5.but考查连词。根据上下文语境可知此处为转

折关系，故填but。6.as考查介词。根据语境可知表示“作为；当作”，故填介词as。7.who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为AsaCandler，且从句中缺少主语，指人，用who引导。故填who。8.drinks考查名

词的单复数。短语oneof后跟名词复数形式，表示“„„其中之一”，故填drinks。9.original考查形容词。修饰名词ingredients应用形容词，故填original。10.hasbeenkept考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文“Sincethen”可知应用现在完成时，且

主语与谓语动词构成被动关系应用被动语态，主语为it，用hasbeendone。故填hasbeenkept。BSituatedinBeijing'sShichahaiscenicarea,CAVElooksnodiffe

rentfromany1.________caféinthecityontheoutside,2.________peoplesteppinginforacupofcoffeewillfinditinterestinginside.Somecustomersareholdi

ngandtouchinghedgehogs(刺猬)3.________(gentle)intheirpalms.Inrecentyears,anincreasingnumberofanimalthemedcafés4.________(gai

n)hugepopularityamongChina'scitydwellers.Withthis5.________(rise)trend,abunchofeateriesmakingmoneyoutofhousinguniqueanimalssuchashedgehogshasspr

ungup.InBeijingalone,thereareseveralcafésorrestaurantslikeCAVE.ThereisaJapanesepub,6.________hasthreeraccoons(浣熊)andacaf

éwherecustomerscantake7.________(photo)withabout30huskies(哈士奇)．CAVE,whichisalsothecity'sfirsthedgehogth

emedcafé，nowhassevenhedgehogskeptincagesinaroom8.________(separate)fromthediningarea.Ifcustomerswanttoplaywiththehedgehogs,theyneedtoput9.________

thickglovesandthewaiterswillbringthemoutandputthemontothecustomers'hands.“Ithinkhedgehogsareaverygoodidea.It

'soriginalandinteresting，”saidSerhiiMelnyk,atouristfromPolandwho10.________(stop)bythecafétograbanAmericanoandwasattrac

tedtotheanimal.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着动物主题咖啡馆的兴起，不少咖啡馆引入不太常见的动物供顾客参观或者玩耍，以此来吸引消费者。位于北京什刹海的CAVE是该市第一家动物主题咖啡馆，咖啡馆里养着七只刺猬，

顾客可以戴着厚厚的手套和它们玩耍。1.other考查代词。此处考查固定表达anyother＋名词单数“其他任何„„”，故填other。2.but考查连词。根据句意“CAVE和城市里其他任何咖啡店看起来没什么不一样，但是去喝咖啡的人会发现它

里面很有趣”可知前后句为转折关系，故填but。3.gently考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词，故填gently。4.havegained考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知此处是谓语动词，根据“

Inrecentyears”判断为现在完成时，主语cafés是复数，故填havegained。5.rising考查形容词。此处应填形容词修饰名词，risingtrend“新兴的风尚”，故填rising。6.which考查定语

从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是pub，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，应该用关系代词which，故填which。7.photos考查名词的单复数。此处考查短语takephot

os“拍照”，故填photos。8.separate/separated考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语room(房间)和separate(隔离)之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词separated；或因为separate可以作为形容词，故此处还可理解为形容词作

后置定语，故填separate/separated。9.on考查介词。此处考查短语puton“穿上”，故填on。10.stopped考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知此处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文的said判断为一般过去时，stopby“顺便看望，顺便拜访”

，故填stopped。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.约翰是昨晚穿着他最好的衣服去参加舞会的。(强调句型)ItwaslastnightthatJohnworehisbestsuittothedance.2.如果他们那时没有帮助我们，我们现在仍然处于困境中。(虚拟语气)Iftheyhadn

'thelpedusthen,wewouldstillbeintroublenow.3.我和汤姆都是来自北京的学生。(aswellas)I,aswellasTom,amastudentwhocomesfromBeijing.4.他脸上的

表情表明他很生气。(suggestthat...)Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasveryangry．B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Ifyoubelievethatscientis

tsandartistsaremostcreativewhenthey'reyoung,youaremissinganimportantpartofthestory.AnewstudypublishedinDeEconomist

lookedatNobelPrizewinnersinthefieldofeconomics.Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.Th

eresearchsupportspreviousworkbytheauthorsthatfoundsimilarpatternsintheartsandothersciences.“Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,

butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally，”saidBruceWeinberg,leadauthorofthestudyandprofessorofeconomicsatTheOhioSta

teUniversity.“Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusivelyassociatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou'retalkingabout.”Inthe

study,thosewhodidtheirmostgroundbreakingworkearlyintheircareerstendedtobe“conceptual”innovators(创新者)．Thesetypeofinnovators“thinkoutsid

ethebox”，challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.Conceptualinnovatorsarenotyetimmersed(沉浸于)inth

eacceptedtheoriesoftheirfield,Weinbergsaid.Butthereisanotherkindofcreativity,hesaid,whichisfoundamong“experimental”innovators.Theseinnovatorsaccumula

teknowledgethroughtheircareersandfindnewwaystounderstandit.ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobella

ureate's(荣誉获得者的)career.“Whetheryouhityourcreativepeakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhaveaconceptualorexp

erimentalapproach，”Weinbergsaid.Theresearcherstookanovel,empirical(经验主义的)approachtothestudy,whichinvolved31laureates.Theyarrangedthelaureates

onalistfromthemostexperimentaltomostconceptual.Thisrankingwasbasedonthelaureates'mostimportantwork,classifyingtheminto“conceptual”or“experiment

al”．Afterclassifyingthelaureates,theresearchersdeterminedtheageatwhicheachlaureatemadehismostimportantcontributiontoeconomicsandcouldbeconsider

edathiscreativepeak.Theyfoundthatconceptuallaureatespeakedbetweenages25and29.Experimentallaureatespeakedwhentheywereroughlytwiceasold,

intheirmid­50s.“Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork，”Weinbergsaid.1.Whatdoes

theunderlinedphrase“thinkoutsidethebox”mean?A.Followrulesstrictly.B.Experimentonboxes.C.Breakoldthoughtpatterns.D.Figureouthowtoe

scapefromabox.2.Whatdoweknowabout“experimental”innovators?A.Theyusuallycomeupwithnewideasallofasudden.B.Theymakediscoveriesthroughconsta

nttrialanderror.C.Themajorityofthemreachtheircreativepeakintheirtwenties.D.Theymakemorecontributionsthan“c

onceptual”innovators.3.Whatdotheresearchersbelievedeterminessomeone'screativepeak?A.One'spersonalitytype.B.What

kindofjobonetakes.C.Howonehandlestheirwork.D.One'sattitudetowardstheirwork.4.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Creativitycomesatanyag

e,youngorold.B.Creativitytendstodecreaseaspeoplegetolder.C.Economists,artistsandotherscientistshavemuchincommon.D.Economist

saremorecreativethanartistsandotherscientists.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过对一些诺贝尔奖获得者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者，是“概

念性的”的创新者还是“实验性的”创新者。1.C词义猜测题。在画线短语所在的句子中，后面的非谓语动词部分“challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas”是对画线短语的补充解释，意思为“

挑战传统智慧，突然想出新点子”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的思维模式。故选C。2.B细节理解题。根据第七段内容可知，“实验性”的创新者是从不断的反复实验中获得发现。故选B。3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员认为，决

定你什么时候达到创造力巅峰的是你如何处理你的工作。此题是语义转换，“howyouapproachyourwork”和选项C中的“Howonehandlestheirwork”是语义转换。故选C。4.A主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Itfoundtherearetwodif

ferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.”及倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要是说明创造力巅峰可以出

现在任何年龄，可能在年轻的时候，也可能是年老的时候。什么时候出现创造力巅峰与你如何处理你的工作有关。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Thelionsandleopards(豹)ofanationalparkinInd

ianormallydonotgetalong.They1eachotherforspaceandfood.Butaboutayearago,ayounglionessinthepark2ababyleopard.The2­month­oldbabywithbrownearsandblueeyes

was3，andthelionessspentweeksnursing,4andcaringforhimuntilhedied.Shetreatedhimasifhewereoneofherowntwo

sons,whowereaboutthesameage.Thiswasa5caseofcross-speciesadoptioninthewild,andtheonlydocumentedexampleinvolvinganim

alsthatarenormally6．7，theparkworkersthoughttheassociationwouldbebrief,butthiswenton.Thefamilywere8totourthepark.T

helionesstookcareofthebaby,and9meatthatshehunted.Thenewbrothersplayedwithhimandoccasionallyfollowedhimuptrees.Thisunlikely10wassurel

yamazing.Althoughthisadoptionwaspuzzling,ithighlightsthe11betweenthetwospecies.Untiltheyreachyoungadulthood,whensocialdiffer

ences12，lionsandleopardsplayandbegformilkinsimilarways.Forthismotherlioness,shemayhave13thebaby'smoreleopard-likefeatures—hiss

mell,sizeandspottedappearance.Hejustjumpedin.The14oftheinterspeciesadoptioninthewildwouldbesweetenoughforachi

ldren'sbook,yet15enoughtoattractscientists.1.A.putupwithB.takeadvantageofC.dependonD.fightwith2.A.scaredB.adop

tedC.spottedD.attacked3.A.lazyB.braveC.weakD.dangerous4.A.feedingB.checkingC.followingD.dressing5.A.simpleB.typicalC.famousD.

rare6.A.friendsB.competitorsC.partnersD.neighbours7.A.InitiallyB.LuckilyC.CertainlyD.Unexpectedly8.A.ex

pectedB.observedC.persuadedD.pushed9.A.cookedB.packedC.sharedD.burned10.A.experienceB.affairC.agreementD.connection11.A.communicati

onB.similaritiesC.behaviourD.differences12.A.emergeB.remainC.recoverD.survive13.A.comparedB.dislikedC.ignoredD.protect

ed14.A.incidentB.experienceC.reportD.tale15.A.strangeB.caringC.reliableD.moving【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍

了一个公园中一只母狮子收养了一只两个月大的小豹子，母狮子花了几个星期的时间来照料它，喂养它，直到它死去。她对待他就像对待自己两个儿子一样。这是一个罕见的野生跨物种领养案例。1.D根据上文“Thelionsandleopards(豹)ofanationalparkinIndianormallydo

notgetalong.”可知，狮子和豹子通常不会和睦相处，它们会为空间和食物相互争斗。故选D。2.B根据第二段中的“Shetreatedhimasifhewereoneofherowntwosons,whowereaboutthesameage.”可知，母狮

子收养了一只小豹子。故选B。3.C根据上文“The2-month-oldbaby”可知，小豹子才两个月大，很虚弱。故选C。4.A根据下文“andcaringforhim”可知母狮子给小豹子喂食、照顾它直到它死去。故选A。5.D根据下文“caseofcross-spec

iesadoptioninthewild”可知，野生跨物种领养是一个罕见案例。故选D。6.B根据第一段中的“Thelionsandleopards(豹)ofanationalparkinIndianormallydonotgetalong.”可知，狮子和豹子本来是竞争对

手，故选B。7.A根据下文“theparkworkersthoughttheassociationwouldbebrief,butthiswenton”可知，起初公园工作人员认为这种联系会很短暂，但事情继续下去了。故选A。8.B根据下文“totourth

epark”可知，母狮子和幼崽这一家子被人们观察到在公园里游览。故选B。9.C根据上文“Thelionesstookcareofthebaby”可知，母狮子给小豹子分享自己猎取到的肉。故选C。10.D本来是竞争对手的两个物种，结果母狮子却收养了一只小豹子还成了一

个家庭，这种联系让人觉得不可思议。故选D。11.B根据下文“lionsandleopardsplayandbegformilkinsimilarways”可知，这两个物种之间存在一定的相似性。故选B。12.A根据上文“Untiltheyreachyoungadulthoo

d,whensocialdifferences”可知，直到狮子和豹子进入成年期，它们的社会差异才会显现出来。故选A。13.C根据下文“thebaby'smoreleopard-likefeatures—hissmell,

sizeandspottedappearance”可知，母狮子收养小豹子是因为她忽略了小豹子的豹子特征。故选C。14.D根据下文“forachildren'sbook”可知，野生动物间的跨物种领养更像是会出现在儿童读物里的故事。故选D。15.

A第二段中的“caseofcross-speciesadoptioninthewild”提到跨物种领养本来就是个罕见的案例，所以对于科学家来说，野生动物间跨物种领养是很奇怪的。故选A。Ⅲ.概要写作(2020·浙江杭州地区重点中学期中考试)阅读

下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。USpsychotherapist(精神治疗师)VirginiaSatir(1916－1988)oncesaid,“Weneed4hugsadayforsurvival.Weneed8hugsadayfo

rmaintenance.Weneed12hugsadayforgrowth.”Shebelievedthathuggingwasnecessaryandimportant.Researchershavefoundscientificevidenc

ethatbacksupherbeliefs.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,receivingahugcanreducestressandhelpprotectusfr

omillness.Inthestudy,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversity(CMU)intheUSinvited404healthyadultstoparticipateininterviewsabouthowoftentheyexperien

cedconflictsintheirdailylives,aswellashowmanyhugstheyreceivedwithinaperiodoftwoweeks.Theseparticipantswereintentionallyexposedtocoldv

irusesduringtheinterview.Accordingtotheresearch,peoplewhoreceivedhugsonthesamedayswhentheyexperiencedconflictste

ndedtoreportfewernegativefeelingsduringthefollowingdays.Theyhavealsofoundthatpeoplewhoreceivedhugswerelessstressedout.Thephysicalcontactthatwegetthr

oughhuggingespeciallyfromlovedonesisamarkerofintimacy(亲密)andhelpsgeneratethefeelingthatothersaretheretohelpinthefaceofadversity(困境),accordin

gtoScientificAmerican.Peoplefeelmorecomfortableandrelaxedafterhugging.Theresearchershavealsofoundthatthemorehugspeopleget,thelesslikel

ytheyaretocatchcolds,ScienceDailynoted.Whenpeoplereceivehugs,theyreleasemoreoxytocin(催产素),whichisalsok

nownasthe“lovehormone”.Accordingtotheresearchers,thishormonecandecreaseone'sheartrateandlowerbloodpressur

e.Thiscanputpeopleintoastateofemotionalwell­being.Whenpeopleareinthisstate,theirimmunesystemsbecomestronger.Ofcourse,huggingisnottheo

nlywaytocomfortothers.“Butphysicalcontactlikehuggingcancomfortpeoplewithoutmakinganyjudgments(aboutrightorwrong)，”MichaelMurphyfromC

MUtoldTime._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________【参考范文】Thenecessityandsignificanceofhuggingareconfirmedbyarecentstudy.Inthestudy,participantswereaskeda

bouttheirconflictexperiencesandthehugstheyreceivedduringtwoweekswithexposuretocoldvirusesatthesametime.Asthestudysuggests,hugs,whichareofgrea

tbenefitforus,canhelpusgetawayfromnegativefeelingsandreleasestress.Thestudyalsofindshuggingcanstrengthenpeo

ple'simmunesystems,reducingthepossibilityofdevelopingillnesses.Itissurelyanidealwaytogiveuscomfortbyhugging.