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1高考英语句子成分知识讲解1.主语（subject）句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或主语从句等担任（请看下表）ProfessorWangisawell－known

scholar.（名词）Ireadnewspapereveryday.（代词）Threeplussixisnine.（数词）Tobecomeaprofessorhasbeenhisambition.（不定式）Smokingisharmfultohealth.（动名词）Whatw

eshalldonextisnotyetdecided.（主语从句）2.谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作和状态通常由动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词+主要动词）担任，其位置在主语之后（请看下表）Hi

smotherisadoctor.（系动词）Hesmiled.（不及物动词）Weplayedbasketballyesterday.（及物动词）Chinahasenteredagreatnewera.（助动词+主要动词）Youmustn'tdriveafterdrinking.（情态动词

+主要动词）Tips：动词分类：实义动词（及物动词+不及物动词）、连系动词、助动词、情态动词划重点！！！正确的所有英文句子，永远一定有且只有一个主谓语成分，谓语一定永远存在。因此，当分析长难句时，一定先要找到句子的主要谓语

动词部分，再划分其他句子结构。例：①Shefoundthatkidspraisedfor“tryinghard”didbetterontestesandweremorelikelytotakeondifficultassignmentsthanthosepr

aisedforbeing“smart”.分析：句子主干：shefoundthat...（found是谓语动词，that引导宾语从句：从句里面的谓语是didandwerelikelyto...并列结构）翻译：她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好

，更愿意承担困难的任务。3.宾语（object）表示及物动词的对象或内容。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、数词或与之相当的结构担任，其位置在及物动词或介词之后。Brentboughtacomputerlastyear.（名词）Weh

elpeachotherandlearnfromeachother.（代词）Iaskedforsix.（数词）Theybegantoquarrelamongthemselves.（不定式短语）Wouldyoumindcomingearlierto

morrow?（动名词短语）Weshouldhealthewoundedandsavethedying.（名词化的形容词或分词）Idontknowwherehehasgone.（从句）4.表语（predicative）在连系动词之后表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份的部分通常由名词、代词、形容词

、副词、数词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词或表语从句担任2Hisfatherisalawyer.（名词）Thisdictionaryismine，nothers.（代词）Andyisalwayscareles

s.（形容词）Isanybodyin？/Myday'sworkisover.（副词）Weareseven.（数词）Sheisingoodhealth.（介词短语）AllIcoulddowastowai

t.（不定式）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）I'mreallypleasedwithyourworkthisterm.（分词）Thekeyquestionishowweshouldsolvethepro

blem.（从句）5.定语（attribute）用于限定或修饰名词或代词通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等担任前置定语：单词作定语通常放在被修饰语的前面后置定语：短语和从句作定语

则放在被修饰语的后面Sheisanaturalmusician.（形容词）Theyarewomenpilots.（名词）Hisproposalisworthconsidering.（代词）Thereisonlyonewaytodoit.（数词）Peopletherearequi

tefriendlytous.（副词）Shehasawishtotravelroundtheworld.（不定式）Thereisaswimmingpoolintheircollege.（分词）Thewildlookinhiseyesspokeplainerthanword

s.（介词短语）Thecarthatisparkedoutsideismine.（从句）6.状语（adverbial）用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子通常由副词或与之相当的结构担任修饰形容词或副词的状语放在被

修饰语之前；修饰动词的状语有的放在动词之前，有的放在动词之后。①副词做状语Thegirlisimprovingremarkably.（副词，修饰动词isimproving）Thegirlisremarkablybeautiful.（副词，修饰形容词beautiful）T

hegirlisimprovingremarkablyfast.（副词，修饰副词fast）Unfortunately,themessageneverarrived.（副词，修饰全句）副词enough作状语时，须后置：Hedidn'trunquick

lyenoughtocatchthebus.（副词，修饰quickly）Istheroombigenoughforaparty?（副词，修饰big）②名词作状语，多置于句末：waitamoment.Thepartyteachesustoservethepeopleheartand

soul.③一些指示代词、不定代词做状语，多置于其修饰的词之前：Ican'teatthatmuch.Wehavewalkedthisfarwithoutstopping.Mycoffeeisnonetoohot.④不定式作状语，多置于句末

，强调时可置于句首：3Atthetopwestoppedtolookattheview.Youhaveonlytoasktogetit.⑤分词作状语，多置于句首和句末，有时也可置于句中：Arrivingatthestation,welearnedthatt

hetrainhadalreadygone.⑥介词短语作状语，多置于句末和句首：I'vebeenfeelingslightlyillforaweek.Atthemomenthe'soutofwork.⑦从句作状语：Wechattedaswewalkedalong.Iwillcallyouas

soonasIarriveinBeijing.7.补语（complement）用于补充说明主语或宾语补语可分为宾语补足语和主语补足语①主语补语：Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.（形容词）Theman,cruelbe

yondbelief,didn'tlistentotheirpleadings.（形容词）HewascalledOliver.（名词）Hewasseentogoupstairs.（不定式）Startingas

astreetvendor,heisnowgeneralmanagerofatradingcorporationinBeijing.（现在分词）Hecamehomequitechanged.（过去分词）Hecamehomeoutofhumor.（介词短语）Peoplearej

ustbornwhatcolortheyare.（名词性从句）②宾语补语：TheynamedthechildJimmy.（名词）Isawthekiteupanddown.（副词）Ifoundthebookveryinter

esting.（形容词）Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbedforaweek.（不定式）Theysawherwalkingintothebookstore.（分词）Youshould

putyourbooksinorder.（介词短语）若宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句，可用it作形式宾语代替其位置，而将其放到宾语补足语后面。Ifounditdifficulttofinishthetaskintime.（不

定式作宾语，difficult是宾补）Doyouconsideritanygoodsendingmorepeoplethere?（动名词）Wehavemadeitclearthatwedisagreed.（从句）含宾语补足语的句子改成被动语态时，原宾语和宾语补足语便分

别成为主语和主语补足语：Wefoundhimworkingintheoffice.Brucewasfoundworkingintheoffice.8.同位语（appositive）一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其它形式）

就是同位语通常由名词、名词性短语或从句担任：Thefuturebelongstoyouyoungpeople.（名词，youngpeople是you的同位语）Theyeachhaveadictionary.（代词）Isthereanyroomforustwo?（数词）Hisambi

tion,conqueringthewholeworld,wasneverfulfilled.（动名词）4Hertask,tocleanthehouse,iseasy.（不定式）Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.（从句）Thenewsthatwearehavin

gaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.（从句）9.独立成分（independentelement）与全句没有语法关系的句子成分可以作独立成分，通常有三种词语：感叹语、呼语、插入语①感叹语Oh,John,willyoucomeintomyroom,please?Aha!

Thatisit.②呼语Comeinandtakeaseat，Mr.Black.Boys，don'twasteyourtime.③插入语Thisman,asyouknow,isgoodfornothing.Incidentally,yourproposalha

sbeenputtothediscussionatthemeeting.Generallyspeaking,she’snotquitefitforthiskindofwork.