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1高考英语中国传统文化语法填空练习班级考号姓名总分一、火药Experimentingwithlife-lengtheningelixirsaroundA.D.850,Chinesealchemistsinsteaddiscoveredgunpowder.Theirexplosive
1._________(invent)wouldbecomethebasisforalmosteveryweaponusedinwarfromthatpointon,fromfieryarrows2._________rifles,cannonsandgren
ades.Gunpowdermadewarfareallovertheworldverydifferent,3._________(affect)thewaybattleswerefoughtandborde
rsweredrawnthroughouttheMiddleAges.GunpowdersomehowremainedamonopolyoftheChineseuntilthe13thcentury,4._________thesciencewaspassedalongtheancientsil
ktraderoutetoEurope,whereitbecame5.________decidingfactorinmanyMiddleAgeskirmishes.By1350,rudimentarygun
powdercannonswerecommonplaceintheEnglishandFrenchmilitaries,6._________usedthetechnologyagainsteachotherduringtheHundredYears
'War.TheOttomanTurksalso7._________(employ)gunpowdercannonswithabandonduringtheirsuccessfulsiegeofConstantinoplein14
53.The8._________(power)newweaponessentiallyrenderedthetraditionalwalledfortificationofEurope,impregnableforcenturies,weakanddefen
seless.DuringtheAgeofExploration,Europeansused9._________(gun)andcannonstoexpandtheirvasttradenetworksandpowerfulempires.Gunpowderwoul
dbetakenallacrosstheglobeasEuropeansusedthispowerfuladvantage10._________(conquer)andenslavemanyinplaceslikeTheAm
ericasandAfrica.二、指南针的演变Theadventofthecompasswasagreat1._________(contribute)oftheChinesepeopletoworldcivilisation.Thecompassisas
impleinstrument2.________(consist)ofamagneticneedlethatcanbeturned3._________(flexible)andacompasswithasca
letoindicatethedirectionoftheearth'smagneticfield.TheearliestinstrumentsthatcouldindicatedirectionwerecalledSinan,4.
_________appearedaroundtheWarringStatesperiod,whennaturalmagnetswerepolishedintotheshapeof5._________spoonandplacedonagraduatedsquareengraved
platetogiveageneralindicationofdirection.Lateron,itwasdiscoveredthatbyrubbingamagnetagainstanobjectsuchasasteelneedleinonedirections
everal6._________(time),theneedlecouldalsobemagnetised,sothatitcouldpointmoreaccuratelythantheSinan,andth
usthecompass7._________(invented).IntheSongdynasty,aninstrumentwasalsoinventedtoindicatedirection,8._________(call)thecompassfish,
whichfloatedonwater.9._________theSouthernSongDynasty,peopleassembledthemagneticneedleandthedialintoasingleunit,namedtheneedledial,alsoca
lledthemeridiandial,compassandsoon.OurcompassspreadtoEuropeandtheArabianregionaroundthe210._________(twelve)c
entury,greatlycontributingtothedevelopmentofworldnavigationandhumansociety.三、书法Calligraphy,literally“beautifulwriti
ng,”hasbeenappreciated1.________anartforminmanydifferentculturesthroughouttheworld,butthestatureofcalligraphyinChinesecultur
eisunmatched.InChina,fromaveryearlyperiod,calligraphywasconsiderednotjustaformofdecorativeart;rather,it2._________(view)as
thesupremevisualartform,wasmorevalued3.________paintingandsculpture,andrankedalongsidepoetryas4.________meansofself-expressionandcultiva
tion.Howonewrote,5._______fact,wasasimportantaswhatonewrote.Tounderstandhowcalligraphycametooccupysuchapro
minentposition,itisnecessary6.________(consider)avarietyoffactors,suchasthematerialsusedincalligraphy
andthenatureoftheChinesewrittenscriptaswellastheesteeminwhichwritingandliteracyareheldintraditionalChina.Oneofthe7._________(early)recordedins
tancesconcernsthefirst-centuryemperorMingoftheHan,who,uponhearingthathiscousinwasonhisdeathbed,dispatchedamessengertoobt
ainapieceofhiswriting8.________hepassedaway.Bysodoing,EmperorMingwashopingtobeableto“commune”withhisrelative,evenafter
death,throughthetracesofhis9.________(personal)embodiedby10.________(he)calligraphy.四、郑和下西洋TheChineseadmiralZhengHemust1._________(ma
ke)quitetheimpressionwhenthe300shipsunderhiscommandarrivedatanewdestination.Thebiggestvessels,knownas“t
reasureships,”werebysomeestimates2._________(long)thanasoccerfield.Theirriggingwasfestoonedwithyellowflags,sailsdyed
redwithhenna,hullspaintedwithhuge,elaboratebirds.Accompanyingthemwereanarrayofsupportboats,3.________(include)oceangoingstablesforhorses,aqueousfarms
forgrowingbeansproutstokeepscurvyaway,andwatertaxisforlocaltransportation.The15thcentury4._________(citizen)whoreceivedhiminwhatarenowIndonesia,Mal
aysia,Vietnam,SriLanka,India,Kenya,andYemenhadneverseenanythinglikeit.Theycame5.________(bear)luxuries,fromtools(axes,copperbasins,porcelain)toclo
th(fans,umbrellas,velvet)tofood(lychees,raisins,saltedmeats).6.________return,theyreceivedtributegoodstocarrybacktoChin
a,includingspicesandpreciousstonesand—onafewnotableoccasions—ostriches,elephants,andgiraffes.Almost7.________centurybeforeVascodaGamaandChristopherCo
lumbusmadevoyagesthatkickedofftheeraofEuropeancolonialism,ZhengspentthreedecadesplyingthewatersbetweenChinaandtheEastCoastofA
frica,8._________(set)updiplomatic3relationshipsthatwouldreshapeAsianlife.Hissevenexpeditionschallenged9._________humansc
oulddoatsea,pushingthelimitswiththeirboats’size,10._________(complex),andcapacityforlong-distancetravel.五、后裔射日Angrily,HouYigrabbedonemagicarrowou
tofhisquiverandaimedcarefully.Thearrowflewstraightintotheheartofthemostboastfulsun.Quickly,thatsun1._
________(drop)downfromthesky,burningupinaballoffire.Whenhehittheground,thesunturnedintoahugeblackcrowwithathree-footwingspan,andthenhedied.Thee
arthimmediatelyfelt2.________(cool).ThentheGrandArcherstalkedthe3._________(remain)suns.HavingwitnessedHouYi’spowers,theoth
ersunsbecame4.________(frighten),andtheyscatteredacrossthecountry.However,onebyone,theGrandArchertrackedthemdown.
Eachtimehekilledoneofthesuns,theearthcooled5._________(far).Heshotthesecondsunandbillowingcloudsreappearedinthesk
y.Heshotthethirdsunandmistcurledaroundthehighmountains.Heshotthefourthsunanddewdropsformedlikepearlsoneve
ryleaf.Heshotthe6.________(five)sunandspringsbubbledoutoftherockyhills.Heshotthesixthsunandriversrippledw
ithleapingcarp.Heshottheseventhsunand7._________(branch)sproutedlushgreenfoliage.Heshottheeighthsunandbudsblossomedonthetrees.Heshotth
eninthsunandricegrasspusheduptendernewshoots.ThenHouYivowedtofind8.________verylastsunandbringhimtojustice.Bynow,t
helandhadcooledsodramatically9.________itwascomfortableforthepeasants.TheywantedHouYitoquit,butnoonedaredapproachhim.10._____
____,beforetheGrandArchercouldspendhislastarrow,abraveboysneakedupbehindhimandstolethetenthshaft.六、盘古开天PanguisanancientChinesedeityconsideredtobethe
firstlivingbeingand1.________(create)oftheworld.Emergingfromanegg2.________(contain)theentirecosmos,hisbirthreleasedtheuniverse.Panguiscomprised3
.________theChinesecharacterspán(盘),meaningto“coil”andgǔ(古),meaning“ancient.”4._________hewasinsidetheeggcontainingtheentiretyoft
heuniverse,Pangusleptinacurleduppositionduetospacelimitations.Pangu’sname,therefore,denotesbothhisancientness5._________theunusualcircumsta
ncesofhisbirth.Panguisanimportantfigureto6.________numberofminorityethnicgroupsinChina,andeachhastheirownoralversionofhiscreationmyth.Modernv
ersionsofthemythcan7.________(trace)backtoXuZheng,anancientChineseauthorandgovernmentofficial8.______
___livedduringtheThreeKingdomsperiod,whowasthefirstperson49.________(record)itinwriting.Inallversionsofthemy
th,Panguandtheuniversearedescribedasemergingfromanegg;therearediscrepancies,however,astohowPangumanagestofree10.________(he)andhowtheuniverseisform
ed.七、女娲补天Nüwaissometimesreferredtorespectfullyaswāhuángwhichtranslatesliterallyas"EmpressHuang".Nüwa’smotheri
sthegoddessHuaxu1._________becamesuddenlypregnantwhenshewaswanderingtheuniverseandsteppedinafootprint2
.________(leave)bythegodofthunder,Leigong.Fuxiisseen3._________theinventorofhunting,cooking,andtheChinesewritingsystem.Oneversion
ofthestorysaysthataftershewasdone,shewassotired4._________shelaydowntorestanddiedfromexhaustion.5._________versionsaysthatwhileshewasworking,s
hediscoveredtherewasn’tenoughstonetofixthesky,soshesacrificed6._________(she)touseherbodytofillthelastbits.Eitherway,orderwas
restoredtoearthandhumanitywasabletolive7.________(peace)onceagain.Althoughshedidherbest,Nüwacouldn’tgettheskyandearthtoalignexact
lythewayithadbefore.Theearthbecamepermanentlytiltedandthat’s8.________it’ssaidthatalloftheriversinChinaruninaSoutheasterndirection.Nüwaisanim
portantfigureinpopularculture.ThoughmanytemplesdedicatedtoNüwaandherbrotherFuxican9.________(find)throughoutthe
Chinese-speakingworld,hermostimportanttempleislocatedinHebeiProvinceandisseenastheancestralshrineofallhumans.March18tho
fthelunarcalendaristhebirthdayofNvWa,soeveryyearfromMarch1st10.________18thofthelunarcalendar;peoplefromSh
anxi,Hebei,ShandongandHenanProvincescometoSheCountyonapilgrimagetoNvWa.八、敦煌莫高窟1._________(carve)intothecliffsabovetheDachuanRiver,th
eMogaoCavessouth-eastoftheDunhuangoasis,GansuProvince,comprisethe2._________(large),mostrichlyendowed,
andlongestusedtreasurehouseofBuddhistartintheworld.Itfirst3._________(construct)in366ADandrepresentsthegreat4.__________(achieve)o
fBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.ThegroupofcavesatMogaorepresents5._________uniqueartisticachievementbothbytheorganizationofspaceinto492caves
builtonfivelevelsandbytheproductionofmorethan2,000paintedsculptures,and6.__________(approximate)45,000squ
aremetersofmurals,among7._________aremanymasterpiecesofChineseart.For1,000years,fromtheperiodoftheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534)8.__
_______theYuanDynasty(1276-1386),thecavesofMogaoplayedadecisiverole9._________artisticexchangesbetweenChina,C
entralAsiaandIndia.ThepaintingsatMogaobear510__________(exception)witnesstothecivilizationsofancientChi
naduringtheSui,TangandSongdynasties.九、飞天FlyingAsparas,thesymbolofDunhuangart,arescatteredinallthe5001._________(grotto)ofDunhuangarea.Theyareanembod
imentofGandharva,theGodinchargeofholysongsanddances,andKimnara,theGodinchargeof2._________(entertain).They,husbandandwife,were3.____
______(original)GodofentertainmentandGodofsongsanddancesinIndianmythologyandwere4._________(late)convertedtot
heDemi-GodsandSemi-DevilsbyBuddha.Restinginflowerpedals5._________flyingintheheavenlyparadise,GandharvawasresponsibletospreadscentintheBuddhistwor
ld,presentflowerstoBuddhas,andoffertreasure;whileKimnarawasresponsible6._______musicanddanceintheBuddh
istworld.Hewasnotpermitted7.________(fly)intheheaven.LateronGandharvaandKimnara7._________(mix)together,withoutdistinguishablegend
erandduty.TheybecameoneintegralpartasFlyingAsparas._________present,theoneplayingmusicinearlystageisc
alledParadiseMusician;the_________oneplayingmusicinstrumentsinginganddancingiscalledFlyingAsparasMusician.十、兰亭集序TheLantingXu(PrefaceoftheOrchidPa
vilion)orLantingjiXuisafamousworkofcalligraphybyWangXizhi(301CEto363CE),1._________(compose)inthe353CE.Writteninelegantsemi-curs
ivescriptandunderpinnedbydeepphilosophicalthinking,itisamongthebestknownandoftencopiedpiecesofcalligraphyinChinesehistoryandalso
2.________famouspieceofChineseliterature.Itisreveredasthebestrunningcalligraphy.WangXizhiisrespected3.________ShuSheng,“SageofCalli
graphy”or“SuperMasterofCalligraphy”.LantingXu4._________(contain)28verticallinesand324characters.Accordingtolegend,the5._________(origin)copy
waspasseddowntosuccessivegenerationsintheWangfamilyinsecrecyuntilthemonkZhiYong,dyingwithoutanheir,leftittothecareofadi
sciplemonk,BianCai.EmperorTaiZongofTangDynasty(599CEto649CE)heardaboutthismasterpiece.Hesentmessengersonthreeoccasionstoretrievethetext,6
.________eachtimeBianCairespondedthatithadbeenlost.FinallyTaiZongdispatchedXiaoYiwho,disguisedasawanderingscholar,7.__________(gradual)gainedthe
confidenceofBianCaiandpersuadedhim8.__________(show)himthePrefaceoftheOrchidPavilion.Thereupon,XiaoYiseizedthewo
rk,revealedhis9._________(identify),andtookitbacktoTaiZong.TaiZonglovedthismasterpieceverymuchandorderedthetopcalligrapherssuc
hasYúShì-nán),ChǔSuì-liáng,FéngChéng-sù,andOuyángXúntotrace,copy,andengraveintostoneforposterity.TaiZongtr
easuredtheworksomuch10.________hehadthe6originalinterredinhistomb,Zhaolin,afterhisdeath.TheauthenticLantingXuhasnotb
eenseensincethen.十一、丝路花雨ThedancedramaFlowerRainsAlongTheSilkRoadisamammothnationaldancedramacreatedon
the1.(base)oftheSilkRoadandDunhuangmurals.Thefirstrehearsalofthedrama2.(hold)inFebruary1979,andwasperformed28timesinBeijin
gonOctober1,19793.(celebrate)the30thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Thedramawonthe"FirstPrizeofCreation"andthe"FirstPri
zeofPerformance"awardedbytheMinistryofCulture.In1980,193touringperformancesofthedramawereputonthestageacrossthecountry,4.(cause)as
ensationbothathomeandabroad.Thedramawaspraisedas5.milestoneinChinesedancedramaandcalledSwanLakeoftheeast.In
1982,itwasperformedonthemost6.(glory)theaterintheworld,LaScalaTheater,becomingthefirstAsiangroup7.(perform)intheworld'stoptheater.I
n1994,itreceivedthe"GoldenAward"duringthecompetitionofClassicDanceDramasofChinainthe20thcentury.Sincei
tsdebut,it8.(perform)morethan1,500times,reachinganaudienceofmorethan3.1million.InOctober2004,itwasre
cognized9.the"bestChinesedancedrama"byShanghaiChinaRecordsHeadquarters.Overtheyears,FlowerRainsAlongTheSilkRoadhasbeenstagedinover2010.(c
ountry)andregionsandpraisedasthe"themodelofChinesenationaldancedrama".十二、中秋节TheMidAutumnFestivalisaharvestfestival1.(o
bserve)onthe15thdayofthe8thmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar.Itcelebratesthreefundamentalconceptswhicharecloselytied2.oneanother:gathering,suchasfami
lyandfriends3.(come)together,orharvestingcropsforthefestival;thanksgiving,togivethanksfortheharvest,orforharmoniousunions;praying4.(sincere
)forbeauty,longevity,babies,marriage5.(partner),orforagoodfuture.Traditionsandmythssurroundingthefestival6.(form)aroundthesethreeconcepts,althoughtr
aditionshavechangedovertimedueto7.(significance)changesintechnology,science,economy,culture,andreligion.It'sabo
utwellbeingtogether.Thefestivalwasatime8.peopleenjoyedthesuccessfulreaping(收获)ofriceandwheatwithfoodofferingsmadeinh
onorofthemoon.Today,peoplestillmark9.occasionwithsimilaractivities.Theyhaveoutdoorreunionsamongfriendsandrelativestoeatmooncakesandwatcht
hemoon,asymbolofharmonyand10.(unite).7附:参考答案和相关知识一、火药【答案】1.invention2.to3.affecting4.when5.a6.which7.employed8.power
ful9.guns10.toconquer【翻译】公元850年左右,中国古代炼丹师在炼制长生不老的仙丹过程中发现了火药。从那时起,火药的发明成为战争中几乎所有武器的基础,从火箭到步枪、大炮和手榴弹。火药使世界各地的战争变得非常不同,影响了整个中世纪战争的方
式和国家边界的划定。之前一直是中国人掌握火药的技术,直到13世纪,火药才由于古丝绸之路贸易传到欧洲,成为许多中世纪冲突的决定性因素。1350年之前,初级的火炮在英法两国军队中已是常规武器了,并在百年战争中使用。1453年,奥斯曼土耳其人成功围
攻君士坦丁堡时,他们也大胆地使用了火药大炮。这种强大的新型武器使几个世纪以来坚不可摧的欧洲传统的城墙防御工事不堪一击,毫无防御能力。在海外扩张的时代,欧洲人用枪和大炮来扩大他们庞大的贸易网络和强大的帝国。当欧洲人利用这一优势征服和奴役美洲和非洲的许多地方时,火药被带到全球各地。【词汇解析】el
ixir/ɪˈlɪksə(r)/n.灵丹妙药;炼金药;长生不老药border/ˈbɔːdə(r)/n.国境,边界monopoly/məˈnɒpəli/n.垄断,垄断权;垄断企业,专卖者例:Hadhesucceeded,hewouldhaveacquiredamonopoly.如果他那
时成功了,他就会获得垄断地位。Thecompanyhasavirtualmonopolyinthisareaoftrade.这家公司实质上已经垄断了这种贸易。traderoute/ˈtreɪdruːt/商队的路线;贸易航路
rudimentary/ˌruːdɪˈmentri/adj.基本的,初步的例:HehadonlyarudimentaryknowledgeofFrench.他只有最基本的法语知识。Somedinosaurshadonlyrudimentaryteeth.有些恐龙只有未充分长成的牙齿。
commonplace/ˈkɒmənpleɪs/adj.平凡的,不足为奇的;平庸的,陈腐的render/ˈrendə(r)/v.使成为,使处于某种状态;给予,提供impregnable/ɪmˈpreɡnəb(ə)l/adj.(要塞)坚固的,无法攻取的exploration
/ˌekspləˈreɪʃ(ə)n/n.勘探,勘察;研究,探究conquer/ˈkɒŋkə(r)/v.占领,攻克,征服;击败,战胜enslave/ɪnˈsleɪv/vt.束缚;征服;使某人成为奴隶二、指南针的演变【答案】1.contri
bution2.consisting3.flexibly4.which5.a6.times7.wasinvented8.called9.In10.twelfth【翻译】指南针的出现是中华民族对世界文明作出的巨大贡献。指南针是-种由能灵活转动的磁针和有刻度的罗盘组成的能指示
方向的简单仪器,在地球磁场的作用下它能够指示方向。最早的时候能够指示方向的仪器叫司南,大约出现在战国时期,人们将天然磁铁打磨成勺子的的形状,放在有刻度的方形刻盘上,就能大致指定方向。8再后来人们发现用磁石将钢针等物品延一个方向多次摩擦便可让钢针也拥有磁性,
这样指向性也比司南更精确-些,由此指南针就发明了出来。在宋代还发明过一种同样用于指示方向的仪器叫指南鱼,漂浮于水上使用。在南宋时,人们把磁针和刻度盘组装为一个整体,取名为针盘,也叫子午盘,罗盘等。我国的指南针大约十二世纪传到欧洲和阿拉伯地区,大大促进
了世界航海事业和人类社会的发展。【词汇解析】assemble/əˈsembl/v.集合;组装;装配;聚集;收集contribution/ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/n.捐款;捐资;贡献;促成作用;一则,一条
,稿件;捐赠magnetic/mæɡˈnetɪk/adj.有磁性的;磁性的;磁的;像磁铁的;富有吸引力的;有魅力的compass/ˈkʌmpəs/n.罗盘;罗经;指南针;罗盘仪;圆规;三、书法【答案】1.as2.wasviewed
3.than4.a5.in6.toconsider7.earliest8.before9.personality10.his【翻译】书法,字面意思是“美丽的书写”,在世界各地的许多不同文化当中都被视为一种艺术形式,但书法在中国文化中的地位是无与伦比的。在中国
,从很早的时期起,书法就不仅仅被视为一种艺术,更重要的是,它被视为最高的视觉艺术形式,比绘画和雕塑更有价值,与诗歌并列,它不仅是一种自我修养的展现,也同时可以表达出书写者的内心感受。在古代,人们认为一个人怎么写字和他写什么内容一样重要。要理解书法为何占据如此
重要的地位,有必要考虑多种因素,如书法所用的材料和字体,以及中国传统文化对文笔和读写能力的尊重。有记载的最早的事例之一是公元1世纪的汉朝明帝。据记载,这位汉朝的皇帝听说他的堂兄病危,于是便派一位信使在堂兄
去世前取了一篇他所写的书法作品。通过这样做,明皇帝希望能够通过书法所体现的个性痕迹,与他的亲戚“交流”,即使是在他死后。【词汇解析】calligraphy/kəˈlɪɡrəfi/n.书法,书法艺术ap
preciate/əˈpriːʃieɪt/v.欣赏,鉴赏unmatchv.不匹配;不协调supreme/suːˈpriːm;sjuːˈpriːm/adj.最高的,至高无上的cultivation/ˌk
ʌltɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n/n.开垦,耕作;栽培,种植;(品质或技巧的)培养prominent/ˈprɒmɪnənt/adj.重要的,著名的;显眼的,突出的deathbed/ˈdeθbed/n.临终之时;(临终)病榻commune/ˈkɒmjuːn;kəˈmjuːn/n.社群,
群体trace/treɪs/v.查出,发现,追踪;追溯,追究四、郑和下西洋【答案】1.havemade2.longer3.including4.citizens5.bearing6.In7.a8.setting9.what10.complexity【翻译】郑和指挥的300艘船每到一地,都会给当
地人留下深刻印象。据估计,船队中最大的船只被称为“宝船”,比一个足球场还要大。船的索具上挂着黄色的旗子,帆被染成了红色,船体上画着巨大精致的鸟。伴随宝船的是一系列的保障船只,上面有马厩、种植着豆芽(以防止坏血病)的农场以及马船。15世纪时,印度尼西亚、马来西亚、越南、斯里兰卡、印
度、肯尼亚和也门当地接待过他们的老百姓也从未见过如此宏大的场面。郑和的船队带来了很多当时的奢侈品,从工具(斧头、铜盆、瓷器)到布料(扇子、雨伞、天鹅绒)再到食物(荔枝、葡萄干、腌肉)。作为回报,他们也收到了许多国家的
贡品并带回了中国,包括香料和宝石,甚至还有鸵鸟、大象和长颈鹿。早在瓦斯科•达•伽马和克里斯托弗•哥伦布开始欧洲殖民航行之前的近一个世纪,郑和就已经在中国和非洲东海岸之间的海域航行了30年,他所建立的外交关系影响了亚洲各国的生活。郑和七下西洋挑战了人类的海上
能力,他所使用的船的尺寸、复杂性和长途海上旅行的的能力都达到了当时的极限。9【词汇解析】admiral/ˈædmərəl/n.海军将军,海军上将;舰队司令vessel/ˈves(ə)l/n.船,舰treasure/ˈtreʒə(r)/n.金银财宝,珠宝,财富rig
ging/ˈrɪɡɪŋ/n.索具,绳索hull/hʌl/n.船体stable/ˈsteɪb(ə)l/n.马厩lychee/ˈlaɪtʃi/n.荔枝tribute/ˈtrɪbjuːt/n.(尤指旧时一国向他国交纳的)贡品,贡金ostrich/ˈɒstr
ɪtʃ/n.鸵鸟waters/ˈwɔːtəz/n.海域;近海diplomatic/ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/adj.外交的,从事外交的expedition/ˌekspəˈdɪʃ(ə)n/n.远征,考察;探险队,考察队五、后裔射日
【答案】1.dropped2.cooler3.remaining4.frightened5.further6.fifth7.branches8.the9.that10.However【翻译】原文后羿怒气冲冲地从箭筒里抽出一支神箭,小心
瞄准。箭直射中了最自负的一个太阳。很快,他从天空落下,燃烧成一个火球,撞到地面时,变成了一只巨大的黑色乌鸦,然后死掉了。这时大地立刻感到凉爽了一些。随后,后羿继续跟踪剩下的几个太阳。这些太阳看到后羿的射术后,都很害怕,
逃往各地。后羿一个接一个地找到了他们。他每射掉一个太阳,大地就会凉快一点。他射掉第二个太阳,天空中又出现了厚厚的云层;他射掉了第三个太阳,薄雾笼罩着高山;他射掉第四个太阳,每片树叶上都结满了珍珠般的露珠;他射掉第五个太阳,泉水
从山中喷涌而出。他射掉第六个太阳,河水中出现了跳跃的鲤鱼;他射掉第七个太阳,树枝长出了茂密的绿叶;他射掉第八个太阳,花蕾在树上开花;他射掉第九个太阳,稻草长出了嫩芽。后羿发誓要找到最后一个太阳,将他绳之以法。地面凉了下来,农民们感到很舒适。他们想让后羿停止,但没有人敢接近他。就在
后羿准备射最后一支箭时,一个勇敢的男孩悄悄走近他,偷走了第十支箭。【词汇解析】archer/ˈɑːtʃə(r)/n.弓箭手boastful/ˈbəʊstfl/adj.自吹自擂的,自夸的stalk/stɔːk/v.偷偷接近,潜近;
跟踪,盯梢billow/ˈbɪləʊ/vi.翻腾mist/mɪst/n.薄雾,水汽dewdrop/ˈdjuːdrɒp/n.露珠;露滴bubble/ˈbʌb(ə)l/v.冒泡,沸腾ripple/ˈrɪp(ə)l/
v.(使)如波浪般起伏sprout/spraʊt/v.(植物)发芽,抽条六、盘古开天【答案】1.creator2.containing3.of4.when5.and6.a7.betraced8.who9.torecord10.himself【翻译】盘古是中国古代的
一个神,被认为是世界上最早的生物和创造者。他从包含整个宇宙的龙蛋中生出来,整个宇宙从此诞生。盘古是由汉字的“盘”—盘成一圈和“古”-古老组成。当盘古在包含整个宇宙的龙蛋里的时候,由于空间10的限制,他以蜷曲的姿势睡觉。
因此,盘古之名,既表明了他的古老,也表明了他的特殊出身。盘古是我国许多少数民族文化中的重要人物,每个民族都有自己口述的盘古神话。现代版本的神话可以追溯到徐正——一位生活在三国时期的中国古代作家和官员,他是第一个用文字记录盘古的人。在所有的神话版本中,盘古和宇宙都被描述为从蛋里出来的。
但是,盘古是如何出来的,宇宙又是如何形成的,不同文化之间存在着差异。【词汇解析】deity/ˈdeɪəti;ˈdiːəti/n.神coil/kɔɪl/v.卷,盘绕curl/kɜːl/v.(使)弯曲,卷曲;(使)盘绕,(使
)弯弯曲曲移动discrepancy/dɪˈskrepənsi/n.差异,不符七、女娲补天【答案】1.who2.left3.as4.that5.Another6.herself7.peacefully8.why9.befound10.to【翻译】女
娲也被尊称为娲皇。女娲的母亲是女神华胥,一天她去雷泽游玩忽然看见一个巨大的脚印,她用脚踩了一下,觉得肚子有些不适,于是就有了身孕,生下了女娲的哥哥伏羲,人们认为是伏羲发明了狩猎、烹饪和中国文字。有一种说法是
女娲补天之后,太累了,于是躺下休息,最后疲劳过度死去。另一种说法是,她在补天时发现没有足够的石头,于是牺牲了自己,用自己的身体去补天。无论哪种方式,地球恢复到原来的样子,人类能够再次和平地生活。虽然尽了最大努力,但是女娲还是无法让天和地像以前一样。地变得倾斜,这就是
传说中为什么所有的河流都朝着东南方向流淌的原因。女娲是现代文化中的一个重要人物,在当代被视为一个历史人物。人们能够找到很多供奉女娲和伏羲的寺庙,最重有影响的寺庙位于河北省,被视为人类的拜谒祖先的地方。农历3月18
日是女娲的生日,所以每年从农历3月1日到18日来自山西、河北、山东和河南的人们来到涉县朝拜女娲。【词汇解析】literally/ˈlɪtərəli/adv.按照字面意义地exhaustion/ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/n.筋疲力尽;耗尽,枯竭align/əˈlaɪn
/v.(使)排成一条直线,使平行shrine/ʃraɪn/n.圣地;神殿八、敦煌莫高窟【答案】1.Carved2.largest3.wasconstructed4.achievement5.a6.approximately7.which8.to9.in10.exceptio
nal【翻译】莫高窟位于甘肃敦煌绿洲东南部的悬崖峭壁上,是世界上规模最大、资源最丰富、时间最久远的佛教艺术宝库。它始建于公元366年,代表了4世纪到14世纪佛教艺术的伟大成就。莫高窟代表了独特的艺术成就,它由492洞窟构成,上下共分五层。彩
塑2000多身,壁画4.5万多平方米,其中有许多是中国艺术的杰作。从北魏到元朝,一千年来,莫高窟在中国、中亚和印度的艺术交流中发挥了决定性的作用。莫高窟的绘画是隋、唐、宋时期中国古代文明的杰出见证。【词汇解析】carve/kɑːv/v.雕,刻endow/ɪnˈdaʊ/v.捐赠,资助arti
stic/ɑːˈtɪstɪk/adj.艺术的,艺术家的;有艺术鉴赏力的,有艺术天赋的;有艺术性的,精美的masterpiece/ˈmɑːstəpiːs/n.代表作,杰作11decisive/dɪˈsaɪsɪv/adj.果断的,决断的;决定性的,关键的;九、飞天【答案】1.grottoes2.
entertainment3.originally4.later5.and6.for7.tofly8.weremixed9.At10.other【翻译】敦煌地区的500个洞窟中都能看到飞天,它是敦煌的象征。飞天
所画的神是掌管歌舞的乾闼婆和掌管娱乐的紧那罗的化身。夫妻二人原本是印度神话中的娱乐之神和歌舞之神,后来被佛改为为半神半魔。乾闼婆坐卧在花瓣中,在天空中飞翔,传送香味,向佛陀献花、献宝。而紧那罗负责音乐和舞蹈,他不被允许在空中飞行。后来乾闼婆和紧那罗融为一体,没有性别和责任的区分。它们成为了飞
天的一部分。早期演奏音乐的被称为天上乐师,另一个演奏乐器,唱歌跳舞的叫做飞天。【词汇解析】scatter/ˈskætə(r)/v.撒,播撒;(使)散开,(使)散布在各处embodiment/ɪmˈbɒdimənt/n.体现,化身convert/kənˈvɜːt/v.(使)转变,(
使)转换;leverage/ˈliːvərɪdʒ/n.影响力,手段acquisition/ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/n.获取blockchain/blɒktˈʃeɪn/区块链posture/ˈpɒstʃə(r)/n.(坐或立的)姿势十、兰亭集序【答案】1.c
omposed2.a3.as4.contains5.original6.but7.gradually8.toshow9.identity10.that【翻译】《兰亭集序》是著名书法家王羲之的杰作,创作于公元353年。它用优雅的半草书体写
成,同时内涵深刻的哲学思想,是中国历史上最著名的、经常被临摹的书法作品之一,也是我国著名的文学作品。它被尊为是最好的行书书法(天下第一行書)。王羲之被称为书圣、超级书法大师。最后太宗派萧翼伪装成一个流浪的读书人靠近辩才,逐渐得到了辩才的信任,并说服辩才给他
看看《兰亭集序》。之后,萧翼抢过《兰亭集序》,透露了自己的身份,把《兰亭集序》献给了太宗。太宗非常喜爱《兰亭集序》,命令顶级书法家虞世南、褚遂良、冯承素和欧阳荀去临摹《兰亭集序》,并把它刻在了石头上。太宗非常珍爱《
兰亭集序》,把《兰亭集序》和他一起葬在昭陵。从此,《兰亭集序》的真迹再也没有人见过。【词汇解析】preface/ˈprefəs/n.(书的)前言;开端,序幕semi-cursive行书philosophical/ˌfɪləˈsɒf
ɪk(ə)l/adj.哲学的;达观的,处乱不惊的revere/rɪˈvɪə(r)/v.尊敬,崇敬dispatch/dɪˈspætʃ/v.派遣;发送disguise/dɪsˈɡaɪz/v.假扮,伪装authentic[ɔːˈθentɪk]adj.原作的,真迹的十一、
丝路花雨【答案】1.basis2.washeld3.tocelebrte4.causing5.a6.glorious7.toperform8.hasbeenperformed9.as10.countrie
s【翻译】舞剧《丝路花雨》是在丝绸之路和敦煌壁画的基础上创作的一部大型民族舞剧。《丝路花雨》第一次排演于1979年2月。1979年10月1日,为庆祝新中国成立30周年,在北京演出了1228场。《丝路花雨》荣获
文化部“创作一等奖”、“演出一等奖”。1980年,该剧在全国各地巡回演出193场,在国内外引起轰动。被誉为中国舞剧的里程碑,被称为东方的天鹅湖。1982年,它在世界上最负盛名的剧院——斯卡拉剧院演出,成为第一个在世界顶级剧院演出的亚洲团体。1994年获
20世纪中国古典舞剧大赛“金奖”。自首演以来,已经演出了1500多场,观众超过310万。2004年10月,《丝路花雨》被评为“中国最佳舞剧”。多年来,《丝路花雨》已在20多个国家和地区上演,被誉为“中国民族舞剧的典范”。【词汇解析】mammoth/ˈmæməθ/adj.巨大
的,庞大的rehearsal/rɪˈhɜːsl/n.排练,排演;sensation/senˈseɪʃ(ə)n/n.轰动,引起轰动的人(或事)milestone/ˈmaɪlstəʊn/n.重要事件,转折点;里程碑,里程标glorious/ˈɡlɔːriəs/a
dj.光荣的,值得称道的;辉煌的,绚丽十二、中秋节【答案】及解析1.解析:句意:中秋节是一个收获的节日,于中国农历的8月15日庆祝。分析句子结构可知,“observe”与“aharvestfestival”之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。【答案】:observed2.
解析:betiedto“与……紧密相关”,是固定搭配,故填介词to。【答案】:to3.解析:比如,家人和朋友来到一起。“come”与“familyandfriends”之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词。【答案】:coming4.解析:空处修饰非谓语动词praying,应用副词sinc
erely“真诚地”。【答案】:sincerely5.解析:partner此处意为“配偶,伴侣”,是可数名词,且空前无限定词修饰,故应用其复数形式。【答案】:partners6.解析:与该节日相关的传统和神话故事是围绕着这三个概念形成的。本文的基本时态是一般现在时,此处亦用一般现在
时;句子的主语为“Traditionsandmyths”,表示复数概念,谓语动词应用复数;form与主语“Traditionsandmyths”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填areformed。【答案】:areformed7.解析:分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语,
修饰changes,故应用形容词significant,表示“重大的”。【答案】:significant8.解析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是“atime”,且空处在从句中作时间状语,故填when。【答案】:when9.解析:句意:现在人们仍然举行类似的活动来庆祝
这一节日。此处的“occasion”特指中秋节,故应用定冠词the。【答案】:the10.解析:根据空前的“ofharmonyand”可知,此处应填一个名词,与harmony一起作介词of的宾语。故填unity。【答案】:unity