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1中考英语一词多性和一词多义一、一词多性英语中,有些词有多个词性,比如mistake这个词,既可以作名词,又可以作动词。对于一词多性现象,又分为语义一致(即词性虽不同,但语义相同,如mistake,作名词,意为“错误”,作动词,意为“犯错误”)和语义不一致(即在不同的词性下
,语义不同,如like,作动词,意为“喜欢”,而作介词,意为“像”)两种情况。1.词性不同,语义一致Namen名字v命名Givenwords:importance,decision,mistake,himself,breathe,
write,lie,name,trouble,howeverIhaveafriendnamed(作动词用:命名)Ralston.Plann计划v做计划Givenwords:save,advice,agree,language
,just,plan,ride,unbelievable,from,encourage,peacefulDon’tplan(作动词用:做计划)everything.Reportv作报告n报告Givenwords:happen,important,find,first,differe
nt,angry,report,with,excited,before,groupAfterfinishinganexperiment,wehadtowritealabreport(作名词用:报告).2.词性不同,语义不一致Likev喜欢prep像Givenw
ords:important,disabled,cheer,like,specially,send,deaf,difference,show,because,forYourdonationisgreatlyappreciatedandthemoneyiswellus
edtohelpdisabledpeoplelike(作介词用:像)me.Kidn小孩v开玩笑Givenwords:suddenly,kid,asleep,begin,first,neighbor,silence,strange,window,surprised
,lookYou’rekidding(kid作动词用:开玩笑).Watchv看n手表Givenwords:still,watch,we,have,wake,teach,interesting,eye,when,lucky“You’reright,”saidHelen,lookingatherwat
ch(作名词用:手表).Breakv打破,破坏n休息Givenwords:break,lie,hurt,hit,control,rock,risk,important,climb,bloodThedoctorsaiditwasno
tserious,butheneededtolieinbedandtookbreaks(作名词用:休息)forafewdays.二、一词多义英语中,有些词有多个语义,如order,有“命令”“订单”“顺序”等语义。Sinceconj既
然,因为;自从Givenwords:be,like,since,hardly,independence,do,2helpful,chores,themselves,sweep,tidyShehaslivedwithhermotherandyoungersisterJennysince(意为“自从”
的用法)herfatherwenttoworkinanothercountrytwoyearsago.Timen时间;次数;倍数Givenwords:time,like,main,famous,sleep,around,because,cr
owd,special,camera,seemTogetherthey’vebeenfoundinalocalmarketquiteafewtimes(意为“次数”的用法).Standv站立;忍受Givenwords:true,but,use,know,understanding,a
dvice,stand,quiet,wonder,read,pointIbecamesoangrythatIcouldn’tstand(意为“忍受”的用法)heratlast.Tellv告诉;辨别Givenwords:although,tourist,shout,enough,also,ea
sy,how,protect,tell,ancient,achievementTheykeptwatchingtheenemiesinthewatchtowersandmadefireonthetowerstotell(意为“辨认”的用法)eachotherwhentheenemiesca
me.Growv成长;种植Givenwords:outside,sheep,water,useful,depend,enough,friendly,grow,carry,from,whenPeoplegrow(意为“种植”的用法)all
kindsofcropsinthefieldsthere.三、一词多性且多义1.多个词性用法,且同一词性下,有多个语义。Whileconj与此同时,当…时候;而,然而n一会儿;一段时间Givenwords:why,spend,
around,owner,repeat,say,similar,call,try,smart,whileWhile(作连词用,表转折,意为“而,然而”)ahumanownerusuallycan’tlearnabird’slanguag
e,thebird,instead,triestolearnthelanguageofitsowner.Givenwords:beautiful,owner,find,toy,part,less,honest,wh
ile,is,cents,expensiveIlookedatitfora(n)while(作名词用:一会儿).2.多个语义用法,且同一语义下,有多个词性。Liev撒谎;n谎言v躺下Givenwords:importance,decision,m
istake,himself,breathe,write,lie,name,trouble,howeverThemanlay(lie的过去式,意为“躺下”的用法)downonthebedandDoctorRalstonlookedoverhimcarefully.Workv工作
;n工作n作品Givenwords:because,beautiful,further,send,hot,including,special,successfully,make,study,workH
isworks(意为“作品”的用法)areoftenchosenastextbooksforforeignlanguagelearners.