【文档说明】中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类四（含答案）.doc，共(9)页，68.741 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-181117.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

1、Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone(里程碑)inspaceresearch.OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe(月球探测器)inhistorytosucce

ssfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon.TheEarth'sgravity(重力)slowsthemoon'srotation(自转),matchingittothespeedofitsorbit(公转).Therefore,thefarsideofthemoonis

almost"dark"andhasneverbeenseen.It'sthissenseoftheunknownthatmakesthefarsideofthemoonsuchaninterestingplaceforscientificandspace

research.Beingblownbysolar(太阳的)winds,thefarsidemayhavethespecialminerals(矿物质).Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudythe

effectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeisposs

ibleonthemoon.Ifitis,thenthemoonwillbecomeapossiblechoiceforspacetravelinthefuture.However,researchofthe"dark"sideisn'teasy.Asthe

farsideisblocked（阻断）offfromus,radionoisecomingoffEarthisalsoblocked.ThisiswhyChina'srelaysatellite(中继卫星)QueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,

thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.Powersupply(电源供应)isalsoachallengetothetask.Chang'e-4getsenergyfromthesunthroug

hitssolarpanels.Asweknow,alunardayhasthelength(长度)of28Earthdays.AfterChang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2

018,ittooktheprobeover20daystoorbitthemoontobeinapositiontobeabletolandinmoondaylightanduseitssolarpanels.Luckily,everythinggoeswell,

Chang'e-4hasworkedonthe"dark"sideforover5months.Ithassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoonandhasbeenusedtocarryoutsom

escientificexperiments.TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehisto

ryanddevelopmentofthemoon".26.WhenwasChang'e-4sentup?A.InMay,2018.B.OnDecember8,2018.C.OnJanuary3,2019.D.Thepassagedoes

n'ttellus.27.ThemaintasksofChang'e-4don'tinclude___________________.A.studyingiflifeispossibleonthemoonB.studyingtheeffect

ofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceC.solvingthecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandotherprobesD.researchinganymineralfoundbythespacecraft28.

Themeaningoftheunderlinedword"groundbreaking"inthelastparagraphistheclosestto"________________".A.harmfulB.unpredictableC.riskyD.pioneering2、Weknow

peoplecanbenice,butwhataboutanimals?Scientistssaythatsomeanimalsarecapable（有能力的）ofbeingnice.Animalsth

atliveingroups-likefoxes,chimpanzees（大猩猩）,andelephants-followrules.Theyhavetofollowrulestogetalongandtosurvive（生存）.However,animalscanactnicely,

evenwhentheydon'thaveto.Herearesomesurprisingstoriesaboutanimalbehavior.Mostpeopleusuallywalkawaywhensomeoneisunkindtothem.MarcB

ekoff,aresearcherattheUniversityofColorado,sawafemale（母的）redfoxdojustthat.Thefemalefoxwasunhappybecauseamale（公的）foxplayedroughly（粗鲁地）wit

hher.Whenshewalkedaway,themalefoxshowedherthathewantedtoplaynicely.Heloweredhisheadandrolledonhisback.Thefemalefoxgavehimanoth

erchance,andthistime,heplayedmoregently.GezaTelekiisascientistwhostudieschimpanzeesinTanzania.Oneday,Telekihikedfarawayfromhi

scampsite.Hedidn'thaveanyfood.Telekiwantedsomefruitfromatree,butthetreewastootall.Ayoungchimpanzeewatchedhimcuriouslyashetriedtogetsomethingtoeat.

Thechimpanzeeclimbedthetree,pickedthefruit,andgaveittohim!AnelephantinKenyahurthistrunk（象鼻子）.Heneededhelpbecausehecould

n'tputfoodintohismouth.ResearcherKayhanOstovarwatchedsilently.Hesawthehurtelephantshowhissoretrunktoahealthyeleph

ant.Thehealthyelephantdidn'tneedanymoreinformation.Hetookabushandputitcarefullyintohisnewfriend'smouth.Hippos（河马）andcrocodilesareusuallygoodfriends.T

heyhangouttogetherinrivers.ButKarenPaolillo,awildlifeexpertinZimbabwe,sawsomethingsurprising.Oneday,acrocodilet

riedtoeatamonkeythatwasnexttoariver.Ahipporanquicklytothecrocodileandchaseditaway.Whydidthehippoattack（攻击）thecrocodile?Paolillosayshipposs

ometimesprotectotheranimalsfromcrocodiles.41.Themainideaofthepassageis.A.animalsthatliveingroupsfollowrulesB.som

eanimalscanbenicetootheranimalsC.mostanimalsarenicetopeople42.Theunderlinedphrase“dojustthat”means.A.beniceB.playro

ughlyC.walkaway43.WecansaythatTeleki.A.isshortB.hateshikingC.couldnotclimbthetree44.Theelephantneededhelpbecause____.A.thetreewa

stootallB.itcouldnotuseitstrunkC.ithadnofood45.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto____.A.

thecrocodileB.thechimpanzeeC.themonkey3、LastnightIhadanunusualdream.IdreamedthatIwasflying.WhenImovedmyarms

upanddown,Imovedhigherintothesky.Ifeltasfreeasabird.—Martha,aged35Ihadabaddreamthatkeptcomingback.Iwalkedoutofmybedroom,a

ndamonstercameoutandchasedme.—Jason,aged14Justlikeamovie,adreamhasastorytotellandithassomethingtodowithyourlife.Dreamsarelikesc

enesinamovie.So,takeacloserlookatyourdreams,yourdreamsmaybetellingyousomething.Dreamscanopendoorsintoyourworld.Flyi

ngisapositivesymbolinadream.Flyingindreamsmaymeansuccess,confidence,and“beingontopofitall.”Monstersindreamsoftenshowfears.F

orJason,themonstersmaystandfortheadultswhocontrolhislife.OritmaymeanJason’sfearsaboutgrowingupandheisveryupset.Here

aresomeothercommonsymbolsindreams:Mountains:Mountainsaredifficulties,sotodreamofsuccessfullyclimbingamoun

taincanshowatruefeelingofachievement.Bigwaves:Waterispeacefulinlife.Butabigwave(波浪)indreamsprobablymeansanemotional(情感的)worr

y.Food:Foodisasymbolofknowledge,becauseitnourishesthebodyjustasinformationnourishesthebrain.However,itcouldjustbefood.Accord

ingtoScientificAmerican,anAmericansciencemagazine,dreamingisawaytocreateamemoryofyourcurrent(当前的)emotion.Youmaydreamthesamethings

againandagain.Theyarelikeabridgewhichconnectsyourexperiencewithyouremotionandmemories.Theywillhelpyougetabetterunderstandingofy

ourself.41.WhatmightMartha’sdreamtellher?A.Shemaybeafraidofflying.B.Shemaylikeflyingalot.C.Shemaybeverysuccessful.D.Shemaybever

yupset.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A.Movie.B.DreamC.Story.D.Life.43.Ifyoudreamofclimbingmountainssuccessfully,howma

yyoufeel?A.Afraid.B.Peaceful.C.Worried.D.Satisfied44.WhatmighthappentoJasonbeforehesleptaccordingtohisdream?A.Hewentswimminginthepool

withfriends.B.Hewasforcedtotakeafter-schoolclasses.C.Hefeltveryconfidentabouthisschoolwork.D.HereadabookaboutmakingRussia

nsoup.45.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Jasonchasedthemonsterinhisdream.B.Foodinadreammeansthefearoflife.C.Yo

uwon’tdreamaboutthesamethingsagain.D.Youmayknowmoreaboutyourselffromdreams.4、Ifyouwatchtheskyforaboutanhourafterthesungoesdown,youmayseesome“mo

vingstars”.Butthey’renotrealstars.They’reman-madesatellites(人造卫星).AndthebiggestofallistheInternationalSpaceS

tation(ISS).FromMaytoJulyisthebestseasontowatchtheISSflyingovertheearth.Andpeoplecanseeitwiththeireyes.TheISSisthebiggestsatelliteandscientistswa

nttoliveonit.Theythinkthatthebestwaytolearnmoreaboutspaceistolivethere.Whenthespacestationisfinished,itwillbelikeacityinspace.Peoplewillstayands

tudytherewithmanyofthethingstheyhaveathome.Laboratories,livingroomsandpowerstationsarebeingbuilt.TheISSisthemostexpensivespaceprogram.B

illionsofdollarsarebeingspentoniteveryyear.ScientistshopethattheISSwillbeasteppingstoneforfuturespaceexploration(探测).“TheISSwillhelpusund

erstandthehumanbodybetter,explorespaceandstudytheearth.Itcanhelpusmakelifeontheearthbetter,”saidKathrynClark,anISSscientist

.Sixteencountriesarepartoftheprogram:theUS,Russia,Canada,Japan,Braziland11Europeancountries.Chinaisn’tanISScountry,butithashelpedwithsomeofthee

xperiments.In2003,ChinasentsomericeuptotheISStofindoutwhatspacewoulddotoit.()1.TheInternationalSpaceStation_____________.A.isreallyabigcityinspac

eB.isthebiggestman-madesatelliteC.canonlyhelpusexplorespaceD.ismainlybuiltbytheUSAandRussia()3.Fromthepassagewe

knowthat_____________.A.buildingtheISSisonlyforscientiststolivethereB.scientistscandoanythingtheylikethereC.peoplecanseetheSpaceStationatanyt

imeD.sixteencountriesaremembersofthespaceprogram()3.Thephrase“asteppingstone”probablymeans“_____________”.A.滑梯B.巅峰C.垫脚石D.走廊()4.China

sentsomericeuptotheISSisprobablyto_____________.A.beusedasastronauts’foodB.sellittoaliensC.dosomescienceexperimentsD.makeitgrowbetterinspace()5.Whic

hofthefollowingisn’tmentioned?A.ChinawilljointheISSinthefuture.B.Thescientistsarebuildinglivingroomsforthemint

heISS.C.TheISSwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.D.TheISScoststhemembersof16countriesplentyofmoneyeveryyear.二、阅读填空（共1题）1、Thereareal

otofinterestingthingslivinginthesea.Therearemanytypesoffishandmanyotheranimals.Therearealsomanytypesofplants.Thereareevensomeanimalswhic

hhavealotincommonwithyou.Theyaremammalslivinginthesea.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutcreaturesthatliveinthesea?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthefo

odchain（链）inthesea?Inthesea,allseacreaturesgetfoodfromotherseacreatures.Atthefirstlinkofthefoodchainaretheseaplantsandplankton(浮游生物).Plantsa

refoundonlyinthesunlightzonewherethereisenoughlightforthem,however,animalsarefoundatalldepthsoftheoceansthought

heirnumbersaregreaternearthesurfacewherefoodisenough.Manykindsoffishandanimals,suchasthesnail,shrimp,jellyfish,andseastareattheplankton.Thesmallanima

lsandfishthateatplanktonthenbecomefoodforlargerfish,suchasthetunaandmackerel.Thesefisharetheneatenbylargerfishandanima

ls,suchasthesharkanddolphin.Thesharkanddolphinareatthetopofthefoodchaininthesea.Sharksareverydangeroussomanypeopleareeatenbytheminthesea.Butwhyth

enumberofthesharkisbecomingsmallerandsmaller?Andwhoeatstheshark?Checkoutthemenuataseafoodrestaurantnexttimeyouareeatingthere.

Don'tbesurprisedifyoufindsharkonthemenu.36．Theunderlinedword“creatures”means______.A．维持B．生物C．奇特D．藻类37．WhichisNOTtrue?A．A

nimalsarefoundatalldepthsoftheoceansB．PlantsarefoundonlyinthesunlightzoneC．Thelargeanimalsbecomefoodforsmallones.D．Thesharkanddolphinare

atthetopofthefoodchaininthesea38．Planktonisfoodfor______.A．thesnailB．shrimpC．seastarandjellyfishD．Alltheabove3

9．______areatthetopofthefood.A．TheseaplantsB．ThesmallfishC．PeopleD．Thesharkanddolphin40．What’sthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．TheseaplantsB．FoodChai

nintheSeaC．DangeroussharksD．ColorfulSeaAnimals============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、【短文大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述嫦娥四号是第一个登上月球背面的探测器。并讲述了嫦娥四号的任务

以及遇到的困难是如何解决的。26.细节理解题。根据Chang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018可知，嫦娥四号是2018年12月8日发射的，故选B。27.细节理解题。根据Chang

'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon可知，嫦娥四号也携带着花的种子、土豆、蚕卵看观察在月球上是否有生命的可能，排除A；根据F

orthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft可知，因此，嫦娥四号将研究太阳风对月球表面的影响和通过航天器发现矿物质，排除

B和D；根据ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved可知，多亏了鹊桥，地球和嫦娥四号的交流问题解决了，所以鹊桥解决的是交流问题，故选C。28

.词义猜测题。根据TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthe

moon"以及OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe(月球探测器)inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideof

themoon可知，嫦娥四号是第一个登录月球背面的探测器，所以《纽约时报》用“开创性”一词来赞扬这项任务，并写道“它将为月球的历史和发展提供帮助。故选D。2、【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要通过几个令人吃惊的故事表明有时候一些动物也会表现得很好。例如赤狐、

猩猩、大象以及河马。41.B主旨大意题。根据However,animalscanactnicely,evenwhentheydon'thaveto.Herearesomesurprisingstoriesaboutanimalbehav

ior以及全文可知，动物有时候会表现的很好，甚至有时候他们没有必要这么做，后文讲述了几个故事，说明有些动物对其他动物表现得很好，故选B。42.C词义猜测题。根据Mostpeopleusuallywalkawaywhensomeoneisunkindtothem.Marc

Bekoff,aresearcherattheUniversityofColorado,sawafemale（母的）redfoxdojustthat可知，当某人对一些人不友好时，他们会生气地走开，母的赤狐也像那样做，指的就是赤狐也会走开，故选C。43.C推理判断题。根据Hedidn'thavean

yfood.Telekiwantedsomefruitfromatree,butthetreewastootall.Ayoungchimpanzeewatchedhimcuriouslyashetriedtogetsomethingtoeat.Thechimpanzeecli

mbedthetree,pickedthefruit,andgaveittohim可知，泰莱基想要树上的水果，但是树太高了，一个小猩猩好奇地看着他，最后这个猩猩爬上树摘了水果送给了他，所以可以推断出泰莱基不会爬树，故选C。44.B细节理解题。根据Ane

lephantinKenyahurthistrunk（象鼻子）.Heneededhelpbecausehecouldn'tputfoodintohismouth可知，在肯尼亚，一只大象伤了它鼻子，因为它不能将食物送到嘴里，所以它需要帮助，。所以因为鼻子

有伤，不能使用鼻子，故选B。45.A代词指代题。代词代指上文中出现的内容。根据Oneday,acrocodiletriedtoeatamonkeythatwasnexttoariver.Ahipporanquickl

ytothecrocodileandchaseditaway可知，鳄鱼想吃猴子，一个河马迅速跑向鳄鱼，将鳄鱼赶走，所以it代指的是鳄鱼。故选A。3、【文章大意】本文是科普类阅读，解释了梦的成因和不同梦境的含义。41.C题意：玛莎的梦会告诉她什么?考查细节理解。根据Flyingisapositiv

esymbolinadream.Flyingindreamsmaymeansuccess,confidence,可知在梦想中飞翔可能意味着成功、自信和“掌控一切”，故选C。42.B题意：下划线的“it”指的是什么?考查词义理解。根据adreamhasastorytotell和hassom

ethingtodowithyourlife可知梦与生活有关，故选B。43.D题意：如果你梦想成功地登山，你会有什么感觉?考查细节理解。A.Afraid.害怕的；B.Peaceful.和平的；C.Worr

ied.担心的；D.Satisfied满意的。根据Mountainsaredifficulties,sotodreamofsuccessfullyclimbingamountaincanshowatruefeelingofachievement

.（梦想着成功的爬山会表现出一种真正的成就感），可知Satisfied符合语境，故选D。44.B题意：根据他的梦，杰森睡觉前可能会发生什么事?考查细节推断。A.Hewentswimminginthepoo

lwithfriends.他和朋友去游泳池游泳。B.Hewasforcedtotakeafter-schoolclasses.他被迫参加课后补习班。C.Hefeltveryconfidentabouthisscho

olwork.他对自己的学业很有信心。D.HereadabookaboutmakingRussiansoup.他读了一本关于做俄罗斯汤的书。根据ForJason,themonstersmaystandforthea

dultswhocontrolhislife.可知有人在控制杰森的生活，ACD不合语境，故选B。45.D题意：你能从这篇文章中了解到什么?考查细节判断。A.Jasonchasedthemonsterinhisdream.杰森在梦中追逐怪物。B.Foodina

dreammeansthefearoflife.梦中的食物意味着对生活的恐惧。C.Youwon’tdreamaboutthesamethingsagain.你不会再做同样的梦了。D.Youmayknowmoreaboutyourselffromdreams.你可以从梦中更多地了解自

己。根据最后一段dreamingisawaytocreateamemoryofyourcurrentemotion.Youmaydreamthesamethingsagainandagain.Theyarelikeabri

dgewhichconnectsyourexperiencewithyouremotionandmemories.Theywillhelpyougetabetterunderstandingofyourself.可知，梦就像一座桥梁把你的经历与你的情感和记

忆连接起来，会帮助你更好地了解自己，故选D。4、1—5BDCCA二、阅读填空1、【文章大意】海里生活着各种各样的生物，有植物、鱼和其他的动物。你对海洋生物了解多少？这篇短文中作者给我们介绍了海洋里的食物链。36．B词义猜测题。根据这个单词所在的语境Therearemanytypesoffis

handmanyotheranimals.Therearealsomanytypesofplants.Thereareevensomeanimalswhichhavealotincommonwithyou.Theyaremammalslivi

nginthesea.可知，这几句话列举了生活在海洋里的各种生物，如很多种类的鱼和其他动物、植物、哺乳动物等。故creature的意思应该是“生物”，故选B。37．C推理判断题。根据短文第二段中Thesmallanimalsandfishthateatplanktonthenbecomefoo

dforlargerfish,suchasthetunaandmackerel.Thesefisharetheneatenbylargerfishandanimals,suchasthesharkanddolphin.可知，小的动物和鱼被更大的鱼

吃掉；这些鱼又被比他们更大的鱼吃掉，如鲨鱼和海豚。C选项说“大动物成为小动物的食物”，与文意不符，故选C。38．D细节理解题。根据短文第二段中Manykindsoffishandanimals,suchasthesnail,shrimp,jellyfish,a

ndseastareattheplankton.可知，很多种类的鱼还有蜗牛、虾、水母和海星都吃浮游生物，因此A、B和C三个选项都对，选D。39．C推理判断题。根据文意和短文第二段的最后Butwhythenumberoft

hesharkisbecomingsmallerandsmaller?Andwhoeatstheshark?Checkoutthemenuataseafoodrestaurantnexttimeyouareeatingth

ere.Don'tbesurprisedifyoufindsharkonthemenu可知，鲨鱼是海洋食物链的顶层，但他们的数量越来越少，因为他们都被人类吃掉了。所以人类才是生物链的顶端。故应选C。40．B主旨大意题。根据文意和短文第一段的最后两

句话Howmuchdoyouknowaboutcreaturesthatliveinthesea?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthefoodchain（链）inthesea?可知，这篇短文给我们介绍的是海洋里的生物链。A、C和D三个选项都太片面，B选项符合文意，

故选B。