【文档说明】高考英语二轮复习试题:专题六第五讲 怎样获取“印象分”——段落要“清”层次要“明”练习 Word版含解析.doc,共(6)页,48.000 KB,由MTyang资料小铺上传
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第五讲怎样获取“印象分”——段落要“清”,层次要“明”书面表达是主观题,阅卷时率先进入老师眼帘的是卷面和文章结构。因此,除了卷面整洁外,还要注意段落写作,做到主题突出、结构合理、层次清晰,获取阅卷老师的印象分。[写作技法指导]进行构段谋篇层次上的写作训练,是写好文章的关键。不仅要考虑文章结
构,还要考虑适当充实内容,并解决结构重复、语言冗余等问题。下面从三个角度加以介绍,以帮助同学们提高写作能力。一、合理分段,层次清晰合理安排文章的结构。一篇文章通常可以分为三部分,即开头、正文和结尾。近几
年高考作文范文及高分作文,绝大多数为2~3段,还有个别范文为4段。高考范文为一个段落的,在阅卷老师看来比不上段落层次清晰的文章。请看下面2017年全国卷Ⅱ的一篇考生作文:DearHenry,I’mLiHua,oneofyourstudents.I’mwritingtoinviteyout
ovisitthepapercuttingexhibition.PapercuttingisoneofChinesetraditionsandI’msureyouwilllikeit.TheexhibitionwillbeheldinthelocalmuseumnextSaturday.Som
efamousChineseartistswillperformonthatday.Meanwhile,somebeautifulpapercuttingworks,collectedfromalloverthecou
ntry,willbeexhibitedthere.Ifyoulike,youcanalsojoininpapercutting.I’msureitwillbeanunforgettableexperienceforyou.I’mlookingfor
wardtohearingfromyou.Yours,LiHua上面的作文语言准确,而且使用了非谓语动词、复合句(包括主语从句、状语从句、独立主格结构)等,总体来说是一篇相当不错的作文。但是,文章没有分段,缺少框架意识,把所有内容混搭在一起,给阅卷老师判卷带来
了困难,从而影响了得分。如果我们把该文分成三段,前两句为第一段,简要说明要举行摄影展以及主题;后两句为第三段,对对方来参加比赛提出期待;中间为第二段,对要点进行详细地阐述。这样段落分明、结构清晰,自然会受到阅卷老师的青睐,起评
分自然就会高。当然,如果我们再对句子进行一下整合会更好。请看整合后的文章:DearHenry,I’mLiHua,oneofyourstudents.I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoattendtheChinesep
aper-cuttingartexhibition.Paper-cuttingisatraditionalartforminChina,whichhasahistoryofmorethan1,500years,andI’msureyouwillli
keit.Theexhibitionwillbeheldinthelocalmuseumfrom8:00amto5:00pmnextSaturday.SomefamousChineseartistswi
llperformonthatday.Meanwhile,somebeautifulpapercuttingworks,collectedfromalloverthecountry,willbeonshow.IfyouareinterestedintheChinesefolkart
,youcanalsojoininpapercutting.I’msureitwillbeanunforgettableexperienceforyou.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua由于近几年高考全国卷的书面
表达部分基本都是书信,字数均要求100左右。我们不妨可以把书信按照传统的“三段式”进行划分,有时也可分为四段。按照时间、空间或其他逻辑顺序把相关联的内容安排在相应的段落内,使层次更清晰,结构更合理。书信最显著的特点除格式外,就是开头段和结尾段。下面我们主要介
绍一下书信的开头和结尾。1.常见书信开头段的写法——开门见山英语书信的特点是开门见山,用简洁的语言引出文章的主题,使读者清楚文章要说什么。①IamdelightedtoknowyouareinterestedinTangpoems.NowI’mwritingtotellyoutheplanfort
henextclass.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)②I’dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool’sEnglishnewspaper.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)2.常见书信结尾段的写法——表示期待在书信的结尾处我们常使用一些功能句
式,向对方表示友善的感谢或亲切的问候,表达愿望或期待等。①Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)②Hopetohearfromyousoon.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)③I’mlooki
ngforwardtohearingfromyou.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)二、合并调整,句式多样在连句成文时,还会出现句式单调、结构重复或语言冗余等问题。一个句子独立来看是好句子,但若置于篇章之中未必是适合行文的好句
子。因此,需要对这些句子进行适当调整,完善表达。请看下面的一个片段:First,youcantrytocommunicatewithyourparents,andyoucancommunicatewithyourt
eachersandfriendsaswell.Youcangetalongbetterwiththeminorderthatyoucanletoutyouranger.Youwillnothurtthemoryourselfifyou
doso.Second,itisimportanttodoregularexercise.Youcanplayfootballorbasketball.Third,itisimportanttokeephighmood.Youshouldhavegoodmoodeveryday.Yo
ushouldalsorenewyourspiritsandreleaseyourstress.Youcanhaveagoodattitudetowardslifeandenjoyyourbeautifullif
e.这是未加润色而直接合并要点句凑成的问题段落,问题主要表现在表达单调,简单句过多,主要是youcan...,youshould...,itisimportant...,这与“句式多样”的要求相去甚远。为避免此
类问题,我们可对句子进行优化组合。句1和句2可以进行合并,即First,youcantrytocommunicatewithyourparents,teachersandfriendsandgetalongbetterwiththeminorderthatyoucan
letoutyouranger.;句3前增加Inthisway,即Inthisway,youwillnothurtthemoryourself.;句4和句5进行合并,同时用ofimportance替换importan
t,即Second,itisofimportancetodoregularexercise,suchasplayingfootballorbasketball.;句6改变句子开头方式,即Keepinghighmood
isgoodforourmentalhealth.;句7、8、9也可合并,即Youshouldhavegoodmoodeveryday,renewyourspiritsandreleaseyourstresssothatyoucanhaveagoodattitudetowardslif
eandenjoyyourbeautifullife.。通过以上调整,整个段落长短句结合,句子个数减少了,但语句表现力和凝聚力却增强了。对文章的润色加工,考生要把握以下原则:1.短语优先原则。在写作中考生要坚持短语优先的原则,考生使用短语有两个好处:一是能增加句子的亮点;二是在汉语提示少、
关键时刻思维短路时,短语可以补救。因此,在写作时,考生应该学会恰当地运用各类短语,为书面表达增加亮点。2.句式多变原则。考生一定要注意使用多种句式,避免采用单一的句子结构,切记不要让therebe,and,have,think等常见词汇泛滥。书面表达的句
子并非越长越好,有时,一个短小精辟的句子也可以起到画龙点睛的作用,因此书面表达的写作讲究长短句结合,各种句式交错使用。如果做到简单句、并列句、三大从句、非谓语动词交替使用,那么文章结构就显得错落有致,表达效果突出。此外,在书面表达中考
生若能恰当使用非谓语结构、倒装句、with的复合结构等,必然能得高分。[应用落实体验]A(2017·福州外国语学校高三适应性考试)每年都有许多人出国旅游,一些人的不文明行为引起了社会的广泛关注。某英语报社正在举行以“文明出国旅游”为主题的讨论。假定你是李华,请你给报社专栏编辑写一封信,呼吁大家做文
明游客。要点如下:1.尊重习俗;2.不高声喧哗;3.其他。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。DearEditor,I’vereadyourdiscussiononhowtobehaveproperl
ywhentravelingabroad.__________________________________________________________________________________________
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_________Yours,LiHua[考生作文]Dear__Editor,I’ve__read__your__discussion__on__how__to__behave__properly__when__travelin
g__abroad.Everyyear,alotofpeoplewillgoabroadtotravel.Somepeople’simpolitebehaviorscausedtheattentionoftheso
ciety.Weshouldbecautiousabouthowweact.Howtobeacivilizedtouristhasbecomeaheatedtopic.Ithinkthatweshould
respectandfollowlocalcustoms.Weshouldn’ttalkloudlyinpublicplacestoavoiddisturbingothers.Weshouldbeawarethatq
ueuejumpingisunacceptableinmanycountries.Weshouldrememberthatwearerepresentingourcountrywhilewearetravelingabroad.Ifwecandothes
e,wecanenjoyourtripabroadandhavebeautifulmemoriesaswell.Yours,Li__Hua[段落升格作文]Dear__Editor,I’ve__read__you
r__discussion__on__how__to__behave__properly__when__traveling__abroad.Everyyear,agreatmanyholidaymakersgoabroadforsightseeingandrelaxation.Whilethe
yareenjoyingthemselves,someofthembehaverudely.Howtobeacivilizedtouristhasbecomeaheatedtopic.Inmyopinion,itisnecessarytowatchourmanners.Fir
st,wemustrespectandfollowlocalcustoms.Besides,we’dbetternottalkloudlyinpublicplacestoavoiddisturbancetoothers.Also,beawarethatqueuejumpingisunacc
eptableinmanycountries.Moreimportantly,weshouldbearinmindthatwearerepresentingourcountrywhileabroad,soweneedtobecautiousabou
thowweact.Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoyourtripabroadandhavebeautifulmemoriesaswell.Yours,Li__HuaB(2017·南宁适应性检测)假定你是李华,你的美国笔友David对你校开设的一些选修课程(optionalcou
rses)非常感兴趣,来信向你询问相关事宜。请根据以下内容提示给他写封回信。1.选修课程包括:英语戏剧、模型制作(modelmaking)等;2.每门课程的优点;3.你希望增加的课程及理由。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头
和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。DearDavid,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua[考生
作文]Dear__David,I’mgladthatyou’reinterestedinoptionalcoursesinourschool.Hereissomeinformationabouteachcourse.OptioncoursescontainEnglishdramaandmode
lmaking.Ifyouareinterestedinscience,youcanchoosemodelmaking.IfyouwanttopracticeyouroralEnglish,youcanchooseEngl
ishdrama.Inmodelmakingyoucanlearnalotknowledgeaboutscience.InEnglishdramayoucanlearnaboutdifferentch
aractersandalsolearnhowtoperformthem.Besides,inmodelmakingyoucanlearnmoreaboutteamwork.Isuggestaddingamusiclesson.L
otsofstudentsaresufferingfromthestressofstudy.Itisrelaxingforthemtoplaymusicalinstruments.Looking__forwar
d__to__your__reply.Yours,Li__Hua[段落升格作文]Dear__David,I’mgladthatyou’reinterestedinoptionalcoursesinourschool.Hereissomeinformationabo
uteachcourse.Ifyouarekeenonscience,modelmakingisdefinitelyyourfavorite.Studentscangettoknowmoreaboutscience,whichwillgreatlyarousetheirinterest.Bes
ides,youcanlearnmoreaboutteamwork.IfyouwanttopracticeyouroralEnglish,youcantakeacourseonEnglishdrama.Whenyouarechallengi
ngdifferentcharacters,youalsolearnhowtoperformthem.Inmyopinion,Isuggestaddingamusiccourse.Lotsofstudentsaresufferingfromthes
tressofstudy.Itisrelaxingforthemtoplaymusicalinstruments.Looking__forward__to__your__reply.Yours,Li__Hua