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第六讲介词、介词短语掌握介词的基本意义,轻松应考Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医
学界)____________amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingt
hemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.as解析:此处表示“作为一种与心脏病作斗争的方法”,故填as“作为”。2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIn
dia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat____________theirhands.with解析:with“用(工具)„„”,符合句意。3.(2016·四川卷)Themothercontinuedtocarefo
rtheyoungpanda____________morethantwoyears.for解析:“for+一段时间”作时间状语,表示“持续了一段时间”。4.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.Fo
rthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway____________carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.by解析:乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式,bycar“开车”。5.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.____________________去掉第二个of解析:realize是及物动词,其后直接跟宾语,of多余。
6.(2017·广东七校第二次联考)InOctober1st,IwenttoTian’anmenSquarewithmyparents,wherewewatchedtheflagraisingceremony._____________
_______In→On解析:考查介词。介词on表示在具体的某一天。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读1.at,in,on表示时间(1)at表示某一时刻at12:00(在12点),atn
oon(在中午),atnight(在夜里),atmidnight(在半夜),atdawn/daybreak(在黎明,破晓),atsunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),atdusk(在黄昏)。(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间inthe
1980’s/1980s,intheQingDynasty,inOctober,inthemorning/afternoon/evening。(3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如:某日、某节日、星期几等)onOctober1st,onarainyday,onNationa
lDay,onthemorningofJuly3rd。2.by,before,after,until/till,during,within表示时间(1)by指“到„„时(为止)”(2)before“在„„以前”(3)after“在„„后”(4)unti
l/till指“直到„„为止”(5)during“在„„期间”(6)within“在„„之内”Heoftenfallsasleepduringtheclass,whichmakeshisteacherveryangry.他常常上课睡觉,这使他的
老师很生气。3.between,among表示“在„„之间”between指“在„„之间(两者之间)”,常和and连用;among表示“在„„之间(三者或三者以上)”。Keepthecloserelationshipbetweenteachersands
tudents.保持亲密的师生关系。4.by,in,on,with表示“使用„„工具、手段、方式等”(1)by表示“乘,坐(交通工具)”或“通过„„方式”;(2)in当“用”讲时,后常接表示语言、材料等的词;(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。
①bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship②gotoschoolonmybike,onfoot③HerparentsalwaystalktoherinGerman.她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。④Weseewithoureyes,hearwithou
rears,andwalkwithourlegs.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,用腿走路。5.about,on表示“关于”about多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的情形,on多指内容属于专门性的,是严肃的或学术性的
,有时两者可通用。Hegaveareporton/abouttheinternationalsituationatthemeeting.他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告。6.from,since表示时间(1)f
rom表示开始的时间,译为“从„„开始”,多用于“from...to/till”结构中;(2)since表示“自„„以后,从„„以来”。WeworkfromMondaytoFridayeveryweek.我们每周从周
一工作到周五。Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastyear.自从去年,我就没有收到过他的来信。7.with的常见用法(表示关系)和„„一起;(表示状态)具有,带有;(表示方式)用„„,凭借„„;(表示原因)由于,因为。Wouldyoul
iketogotothetheatrewithus?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗?Thesmallchildtrembledwithfear.那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。8.for的用法表示“为了;给,对(表示对象、用
途等);因为,由于;向,往(表示去向);就„„而言”。Thebiggestconcernformostofusisthequalityofpubliceducation.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育
的质量问题。9.without的用法表示“没有,缺乏;不和„„在一起;不用,不拿,不带”。ItisapitythatDavidisawayonbusiness.Anyhow,you’vegotagreatdealof
timetotourinNewYorkwithouthim.很遗憾,大卫出差了。不管怎样,你有大量时间可以单独在纽约游览。10.against的用法(表示方位)倚靠着„„;(表示态度)反对;(表示对比)以„„为背景。Anagreement
seemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersareagainstit.看来意见达成一致是不可能了,因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。11.beyond的用法(表示位置)在„„另
一边,在„„更远处;(表示程度)超出,非„„所能及。Everybodywastouchedbeyondwordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.听了她感人的故事,大家都被感动得无以言表。介词用法不算难,固定搭配记心间Ⅰ示之以范_____________________
_______________________________原则这样运用1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Mostofusaremorefocused____________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterinth
eday.on解析:befocusedon意为“集中于„„”,为固定搭配。2.(2016·天津卷)Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutfinallyshegavevoice____________heropin
iononthesubject.to解析:givevoiceto意为“表达,吐露,发泄”,为固定短语。3.(2016·天津卷)Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusytocarry____________aco
nversationwithher.on解析:carryon“继续进行,从事”,为固定短语。4.(2017·昆明质量检测)Alack____________watercanleadtohealthproblemssuchasheadaches,poorphysicalperformance,and
evenmoreseriousproblems.of解析:考查固定搭配。alackof为固定搭配,意为“缺乏”。5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.________
____________dreams后加of解析:dreamofdoingsth.“梦想做某事”,为固定用法。6.(2017·福建福州八中高三质检)Myexperiencehastaughtmethatonlyifweattachgreatimport
ancewithcooperation,canwegobeyondourselves.____________________with→to解析:attachimportanceto意为“重视„„”,为固定搭配。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________
________________________原则这样解读1.名词与介词搭配byaccident偶然bychance碰巧onboard在船上(或飞机上、火车上)onbusiness因公出差onaverage平均incharge掌管,主管inparticular特别,尤其,详细地inplace适当
的,恰当的inthedistance在远处infavo(u)rof赞成,支持inhonourof为了纪念,对„„表示敬意inspiteof尽管,虽然inturn依次,转而invain徒劳inmemoryof为纪念„„inreturn作为回报inorder按顺序,处于良
好状态forinstance例如,比如2.动词与介词搭配remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物callat访问(某地)callfor要求,需要careabout关心doharmto伤害fixone’seyeson注视ge
tridof免除,摆脱runoutof用完comeupwith提出putforward提出makefunof取笑adaptto适应referto涉及,查阅comeacross(偶然)遇见pickup捡起,用车接(某人),接收,偶然习得3.形容词与介词搭配becuri
ousabout对„„好奇beproudof因„„而自豪bepopularwith受到„„的欢迎beanxiousabout为„„忧虑beconcernedabout对„„担心、忧虑bepresentat出席beabsentfrom缺席befree
from免于,[学生用书P30])Ⅰ单句语法填空1.(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)FlowingfromtheTibetanPlateautotheEastChinaSea,theYangtzeisanaturaldivision__
__________northandsouth.between解析:由句意及句中的and可知,此处表示两者(南和北)之间,用介词between。2.(2017·湖北华大联盟高三2月质检)Thetheoryofkungfuisbased____________classic
alChinesephilosophy(哲学).on/upon解析:base...on/upon...为固定搭配,意为“建立在„„基础上”。3.(2017·平顶山市调研)Anothergoodreason____________readingbooksis
thatitisuseful.for解析:在reason后面用for表示“„„的原因”,故填for。4.(2017·太原二模)Isaidhello____________him,smilingsweetlyandthenIsuddenlythought,
“Whynotofferhimapieceofchocolate?”to解析:考查介词。sayhellotosb.意为“向某人问好”,符合语境,故用介词to。5.(2017·浙江台州期末考试)Itmeansthatwecannotuseso
memodernhouseholditems,____________washingmachinesandtheyusetoomuchwater.like/including解析:根据“somemodern
householditems”可知,此处表示举例,故可填like“例如”,或填including,表示“包括”。6.(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评)Myparentsandteachersweresurprised
____________mybadperformance.at解析:句意:我的父母和老师对我不好的表现感到很惊讶。besurprisedat为固定短语,意为:对„„感到惊讶。7.(2017·江西赣中南五校一模)Nowadays,millions____________lonelys
inglesarenowgoingonline.of解析:句意:现在,数以百万计的感到孤独的单身们正在上网。millionsof为固定结构,意为:数以百万计的。8.(2017·河南八市重点高中质检)Oceancurrentschanged____________thecli
mateandprobablyledthefishintodifferentareas.with解析:句意:洋流随气候变化而变化,并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with表示伴随,意为:随着。9.(2017·河北正定中学月考)Sichuanishome______
______pandas,alsothestartingpointoftheSouthernSilkRoad.to解析:句意:“behometo...”为固定句型,意为:是„„的故乡、产地。10.(2017·山东师大附中二模)Shesaidhernam
ewasMissBaiSheandkindlyofferedtoshowme____________thecity.around解析:句意:她说她名叫白蛇小姐并热心地主动提出带我参观这座城市。showsb.aroundsp.为固定短语,意为:带某人参观某地。Ⅱ单句改错1.(2017·郑州
第一次质量预测)Lastweekendwewentforcampinginthemountainswithourteacher,Anna.____________________删除for解析:考查固定搭配。gocamping表示“野营”,故介词for
多余。2.(2017·贵阳检测)Butthebutcherrefusedandevenarguedthatitwouldn’tdoharmherhealth.____________________her前加to解析:考查介词。doharmto为固定搭配,意为“对„„有危
害”,故加介词to。3.(2017·江西南昌调研)Underhishelp,wehavelearnedimmediatelyhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.____________________Under→With解析:withone’she
lp为固定搭配,意为“在某人的帮助下”,故将Under改为With。4.(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评)Firstly,youcansharewithefficientlearningexperien
cetopromoteyourEnglishstudy.____________________去掉with解析:句意:首先,你们可以分享高效的学习经验来促进你们的英语学习。sharesth.withsb.与某人分享某物。本句中share后为分享的内容,故将with删除。
5.(2017·湖北襄阳第一次调研)Theysaytheyhavelearnedwhatisnottaughtintextbooksandhavegotagreatdealpractice.____________________deal后加of解析:句意:他
们说他们学到了在教材中没有的内容并得到了很多实践。agreatdealof为固定短语,意为:许多。6.(2017·山东临沂一模)Ifyoufindapositionatthere,I’msureyou’llhavearapidimprovementinbothyourcharac
terandability.____________________去掉at解析:句意:如果你在那里找到一个职位,我确信你会在品质和能力上都会有迅速的提升。there为副词,可单独作状语,故将at删除。7.(2017·山西晋商四校联考)InSundaymorning
,LiLinwasabouttostudywhenhisfathercameupandadvisedhimtohaveabreak.____________________In→On解析:句意:在周日上午,李林刚要学习这时他父亲走了过来建议他休息一会儿。表示“在具体某天的上午、
下午或晚上”时,需用介词on而非in。8.(2017·福建龙岩3月质检)Cellphonesaremucheasierforustotakenotesandmoreconvenienttosearchwhatweneed.____
________________search后加for解析:句意:我们使用手机做笔记更容易些,使用手机搜寻我们需要的东西更方便。searchfor搜寻;search搜身。根据本句意思可知需将search后加for。Ⅲ短文改错(2017·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Thismorning,Igo
tanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytobepickingup.BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreadit,soatthatmomentIwasveryexciting.Out
sidethelibrary,Isawthemandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglot,trytofindaparkingspace.Heheadforthedisabledpark
ingspace,theonlyonethatwasfree.Hegotoffhiscarwithapileoflibrarybooktoreturn.Seeingthat,Iofferedtoreturnthemtohim.Hethankedmeandjumpedquickinhiscaran
ddroveoff,keepingthedisabledparkingspacefreeforsomeoneneededit.答案:Thismorning,Igotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytob
epickingpickedup.BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreadit,so\atthatmomentIwasveryexcitingexcited.Outsidethelibra
ry,Isawtheamandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglot,trytryingtofindaparkingspace.Heheadheadedforthedisabledparkingspace,theonlyonethatwasfr
ee.Hegotoffhiscarwithapileoflibrarybookbookstoreturn.Seeingthat,Iofferedtoreturnthemtoforhim.Hethank
edmeandjumpedquickquicklyinhiscaranddroveoff,keepingthedisabledparkingspacefreeforsomeonewho∧neededit.