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第六讲介词、介词短语掌握介词的基本意义,轻松应考Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Thistre
nd,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)____________amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintende
dsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.as解析:此处表示“作为一种与心脏病作斗争的方法”,故填as“作为
”。2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat____________theirhands.wit
h解析:with“用(工具)„„”,符合句意。3.(2016·四川卷)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda____________morethantwoyears.for解析:“for+一段时间”作时间状语,表示
“持续了一段时间”。4.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway____________car
andoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.by解析:乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式,bycar“开车”。5.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyse
lf,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.____________________去掉第二个of解析:realize是及物动词,其后直接跟宾语,of多余。6.(2017·广东七校第二次联考)InOctober1st,IwenttoTian’anmenSquare
withmyparents,wherewewatchedtheflagraisingceremony.____________________In→On解析:考查介词。介词on表示在具体的某一天。Ⅱ通关点击___________________________
_________________________原则这样解读1.at,in,on表示时间(1)at表示某一时刻at12:00(在12点),atnoon(在中午),atnight(在夜里),atmidnight(在半夜),atdawn/daybreak(在黎明
,破晓),atsunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),atdusk(在黄昏)。(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间inthe1980’s/1980s,intheQingDynasty,inOctober,inthemorning/afternoon/eve
ning。(3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如:某日、某节日、星期几等)onOctober1st,onarainyday,onNationalDay,onthemorningofJuly3rd。2.by,before,after,until/t
ill,during,within表示时间(1)by指“到„„时(为止)”(2)before“在„„以前”(3)after“在„„后”(4)until/till指“直到„„为止”(5)during“在„„期间”(6)within“在„„
之内”Heoftenfallsasleepduringtheclass,whichmakeshisteacherveryangry.他常常上课睡觉,这使他的老师很生气。3.between,among表示“在„„之间”between指“在„„之间(两者之间)”,常和and连用;among表示“在„
„之间(三者或三者以上)”。Keepthecloserelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.保持亲密的师生关系。4.by,in,on,with表示“使用„„工具、手段、方式等”(1)b
y表示“乘,坐(交通工具)”或“通过„„方式”;(2)in当“用”讲时,后常接表示语言、材料等的词;(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。①bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship②gotoschoolonmybike,onfoo
t③HerparentsalwaystalktoherinGerman.她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。④Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,用腿走路。5.about,on表示“关于”ab
out多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的情形,on多指内容属于专门性的,是严肃的或学术性的,有时两者可通用。Hegaveareporton/abouttheinternationalsituationatthemeeting.他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告
。6.from,since表示时间(1)from表示开始的时间,译为“从„„开始”,多用于“from...to/till”结构中;(2)since表示“自„„以后,从„„以来”。WeworkfromMondaytoFridayeve
ryweek.我们每周从周一工作到周五。Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastyear.自从去年,我就没有收到过他的来信。7.with的常见用法(表示关系)和„„一起;(表示状态)具有,带有;(表
示方式)用„„,凭借„„;(表示原因)由于,因为。Wouldyouliketogotothetheatrewithus?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗?Thesmallchildtrembledwithfear.那
个小孩吓得打哆嗦。8.for的用法表示“为了;给,对(表示对象、用途等);因为,由于;向,往(表示去向);就„„而言”。Thebiggestconcernformostofusisthequalityofpub
liceducation.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。9.without的用法表示“没有,缺乏;不和„„在一起;不用,不拿,不带”。ItisapitythatDavidisawayonbusiness.Anyhow
,you’vegotagreatdealoftimetotourinNewYorkwithouthim.很遗憾,大卫出差了。不管怎样,你有大量时间可以单独在纽约游览。10.against的用法(表示方位)倚靠着„„;(表示态度)反对;(表示对比)以„„为背景。Anagreements
eemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersareagainstit.看来意见达成一致是不可能了,因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。11.beyond的用法(表示位置)在„„另一边,在„„更远处;(表示程度)
超出,非„„所能及。Everybodywastouchedbeyondwordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.听了她感人的故事,大家都被感动得无以言表。介词用法不算难,固定搭配记心间Ⅰ示之以范_______________________
_____________________________原则这样运用1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Mostofusaremorefocused____________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.on解析:befocuse
don意为“集中于„„”,为固定搭配。2.(2016·天津卷)Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutfinallyshegavevoice____________heropiniononthesubject.t
o解析:givevoiceto意为“表达,吐露,发泄”,为固定短语。3.(2016·天津卷)Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusytocarry____________aconversationwi
thher.on解析:carryon“继续进行,从事”,为固定短语。4.(2017·昆明质量检测)Alack____________watercanleadtohealthproblemssuchasheadaches,poor
physicalperformance,andevenmoreseriousproblems.of解析:考查固定搭配。alackof为固定搭配,意为“缺乏”。5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaystha
theneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.____________________dreams后加of解析:dreamofdoingsth.“梦想做某事”,为固定用法。6.(2017·福建福州八中高三质检)Myexperiencehastau
ghtmethatonlyifweattachgreatimportancewithcooperation,canwegobeyondourselves.____________________with→to解析:attachi
mportanceto意为“重视„„”,为固定搭配。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读1.名词与介词搭配byaccident偶然bychance碰巧o
nboard在船上(或飞机上、火车上)onbusiness因公出差onaverage平均incharge掌管,主管inparticular特别,尤其,详细地inplace适当的,恰当的inthedistance在远
处infavo(u)rof赞成,支持inhonourof为了纪念,对„„表示敬意inspiteof尽管,虽然inturn依次,转而invain徒劳inmemoryof为纪念„„inreturn作为回报inorder按顺序,处
于良好状态forinstance例如,比如2.动词与介词搭配remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物callat访问(某地)callfor要求,需要careabout关心doharmto伤害fixon
e’seyeson注视getridof免除,摆脱runoutof用完comeupwith提出putforward提出makefunof取笑adaptto适应referto涉及,查阅comeacross(偶然)遇见pickup捡起,用车接(某人),接收,偶然习得3.形容词与介词搭配bec
uriousabout对„„好奇beproudof因„„而自豪bepopularwith受到„„的欢迎beanxiousabout为„„忧虑beconcernedabout对„„担心、忧虑bepresentat出席beabsentfrom缺席befreefrom免于,[
学生用书P30])Ⅰ单句语法填空1.(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)FlowingfromtheTibetanPlateautotheEastChinaSea,theYangtzeisanaturaldivision
____________northandsouth.between解析:由句意及句中的and可知,此处表示两者(南和北)之间,用介词between。2.(2017·湖北华大联盟高三2月质检)Thetheoryofkungfuisbased___________
_classicalChinesephilosophy(哲学).on/upon解析:base...on/upon...为固定搭配,意为“建立在„„基础上”。3.(2017·平顶山市调研)Anothergoodreason____________readingbooksisthat
itisuseful.for解析:在reason后面用for表示“„„的原因”,故填for。4.(2017·太原二模)Isaidhello____________him,smilingsweetlyandth
enIsuddenlythought,“Whynotofferhimapieceofchocolate?”to解析:考查介词。sayhellotosb.意为“向某人问好”,符合语境,故用介词to。5.(2
017·浙江台州期末考试)Itmeansthatwecannotusesomemodernhouseholditems,____________washingmachinesandtheyusetoomuchwater.like/including解析:根据“som
emodernhouseholditems”可知,此处表示举例,故可填like“例如”,或填including,表示“包括”。6.(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评)Myparentsandteachersweresurpr
ised____________mybadperformance.at解析:句意:我的父母和老师对我不好的表现感到很惊讶。besurprisedat为固定短语,意为:对„„感到惊讶。7.(2017·江西赣中南五校一模)Nowada
ys,millions____________lonelysinglesarenowgoingonline.of解析:句意:现在,数以百万计的感到孤独的单身们正在上网。millionsof为固定结构,意为:数以百万计的。8.(2017·河南八市重点高中质检
)Oceancurrentschanged____________theclimateandprobablyledthefishintodifferentareas.with解析:句意:洋流随气候变化而
变化,并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with表示伴随,意为:随着。9.(2017·河北正定中学月考)Sichuanishome____________pandas,alsothestartingpointoftheSouthernSilkRoad.to解析:句意:“behometo
...”为固定句型,意为:是„„的故乡、产地。10.(2017·山东师大附中二模)ShesaidhernamewasMissBaiSheandkindlyofferedtoshowme____________thecity.around解析:句意:她
说她名叫白蛇小姐并热心地主动提出带我参观这座城市。showsb.aroundsp.为固定短语,意为:带某人参观某地。Ⅱ单句改错1.(2017·郑州第一次质量预测)Lastweekendwewentforcampinginthemountainswithourteacher,An
na.____________________删除for解析:考查固定搭配。gocamping表示“野营”,故介词for多余。2.(2017·贵阳检测)Butthebutcherrefusedandevenargu
edthatitwouldn’tdoharmherhealth.____________________her前加to解析:考查介词。doharmto为固定搭配,意为“对„„有危害”,故加介词to。3.(2017·江西南昌调研)Underhishelp,wehavelearnedimm
ediatelyhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.____________________Under→With解析:withone’shelp为固定搭配,意为“在某人的帮助下”,故将Under改为With。
4.(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评)Firstly,youcansharewithefficientlearningexperiencetopromoteyourEnglishstudy.____________________去掉with解析:句意:首
先,你们可以分享高效的学习经验来促进你们的英语学习。sharesth.withsb.与某人分享某物。本句中share后为分享的内容,故将with删除。5.(2017·湖北襄阳第一次调研)Theysaytheyhavelearnedwhatisnottaughtintextbooksandhaveg
otagreatdealpractice.____________________deal后加of解析:句意:他们说他们学到了在教材中没有的内容并得到了很多实践。agreatdealof为固定短语,意为:许多。6.(2017·山东临沂一模)Ifyo
ufindapositionatthere,I’msureyou’llhavearapidimprovementinbothyourcharacterandability.____________________去掉at解析:句意:如果你在那里找到一个职位,我确信你会在品质和能力上
都会有迅速的提升。there为副词,可单独作状语,故将at删除。7.(2017·山西晋商四校联考)InSundaymorning,LiLinwasabouttostudywhenhisfathercameupandadvisedhimtohaveabreak.______
______________In→On解析:句意:在周日上午,李林刚要学习这时他父亲走了过来建议他休息一会儿。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”时,需用介词on而非in。8.(2017·福建龙岩3月质检)Cellphonesaremucheasierf
orustotakenotesandmoreconvenienttosearchwhatweneed.____________________search后加for解析:句意:我们使用手机做笔记更容易些,使用
手机搜寻我们需要的东西更方便。searchfor搜寻;search搜身。根据本句意思可知需将search后加for。Ⅲ短文改错(2017·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Thismorning,Igotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwa
sreadytobepickingup.BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreadit,soatthatmomentIwasveryexciting.Outsidethelibrary,Isawthemandrivingaroundthesmallpar
kinglot,trytofindaparkingspace.Heheadforthedisabledparkingspace,theonlyonethatwasfree.Hegotoffhiscarwithapileoflibrarybooktoreturn.Se
eingthat,Iofferedtoreturnthemtohim.Hethankedmeandjumpedquickinhiscaranddroveoff,keepingthedisabledparkingspacefreeforsomeoneneede
dit.答案:Thismorning,Igotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytobepickingpickedup.BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreadit,so\atthatmomen
tIwasveryexcitingexcited.Outsidethelibrary,Isawtheamandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglot,trytryingtofindaparkingspace.Hehead
headedforthedisabledparkingspace,theonlyonethatwasfree.Hegotoffhiscarwithapileoflibrarybookbookstoreturn.Seeingthat,Iofferedto
returnthemtoforhim.Hethankedmeandjumpedquickquicklyinhiscaranddroveoff,keepingthedisabledparkingspacefreeforsomeonewho∧neededit.