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1专题限时集训(九)词义猜测之推测单词、短语、句子的含义ANotallawardsareasnobleastheNobelPrize，whichisworld-famousforgivingprizestope

oplewhomadeprogressinliterature，science，economicsand—perhapsmostimportantly—peace，eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasyste

mforrecognizing，honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries，therearenowhundre

dsofawardsandawardsceremoniesforallkindsofthings.TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous，atimeforthefilmindustrytotellits

elfhowgooditis.Theawardsarenotonlyforfilms—nowtherearealsoGrammies，Brits，theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVandQawardsformus

ic.InBritain，awriterwhowinstheBookerprize，canexpecttoseetheirdifficult，literarynovelhitthebestsellerlistsa

ndcompetewithTheDaVinciCodeforpopularity.TheTurnerPrizeisanawardforaBritishcontemporaryartist—eachyearitcausescontroversybyapp

arentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds，puttinganimalsinglasscasesor—thisyear—buildingaga

rdenshed.Awardsdon'tonlyexistforthearts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear，forEuropeanFootballeroftheYearandWorldFootballer

oftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit，ortohelppeoplewhoareontightbudgetcarryontheirworkwith

outworryingaboutfinances，butprofessionalsoccerplayersthesedaysarenotshyoffund!Whyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespe

areneverwonaprize，nordidLeonardoDaVinci.Mostawardsceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.Thi

smeansthatnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardbenefitsfromit—butalsothesponsors.TheMTVawards，forexample，aregreatforpublicizingnotonl

ymusic，butalsoMTVitself!Onthesurface，itseemstobea“win-win”situation，witheveryonebeinghappy，butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfar

doyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere，andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace?【语篇解读】本文作者对品类越来越多的获奖及获奖庆典提出了自己的疑问和看法。1

．WhydoesthewriterwriteParagraphs2and3?A．Toshowtheimportanceofgivingawardstopeople.B．Toshowtherearevariousawards.C．Totelluswhysomanyawardsappear.D．To

tellushowpeoplewinawards.B[考查推理判断。根据第二段和第三段列举电影类奖项Oscars、音乐类奖项2Grammies，Brits，theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVan

dQawards、文学奖项Bookerprize以及当代艺术奖项、体育奖项等等可知，作者写这两段是为了展示多种多样的奖项。]2．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3mean?A．Don'tneedtocar

ryontheirwork.B．Aren'tasfamousasotherpeople.C．Aren'tasimportantasotherpeople.D．Don'tlackmoneyD[考查词义猜测。根据前文“...tohelppeoplewhoareontight

budgetcarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances”可知，此处是说现在专业足球运动员并不缺钱。]3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaythewriteragreewith?

A．Thewin-winsituationsatisfiesallpeopleinvolved.B．Mostawardstodaygotopeoplewhodon'treallyneedthem.C．Awardsshouldbegiventopeopl

ewithfinancialproblems.D．Organizationsthatgiveawardstakeadvantageofawardsceremonies.D[考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Thismea

nsthatnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardbenefitsfromit...”可知，那些颁发奖项的组织或赞助者也同时从中获利。]4．Inthepassage，thewriterismainlyconcerned.A．ifawa

rdsgotopeoplewhoreallydeservethemB．ifNobelPrizeandotherawardsarestillasnobleasbeforeC．thatawardsandceremoniespublicizeth

ewinnerstoomuchD．thattoomanyawardscandoharmtopublicityormarketingA[考查推理判断。根据第一段的第一句及最后一段的末句可知，作者对获奖是否真的是对成就的一种认可表示怀疑，这篇文章也贯穿了这个思想。]B(2018·河北省“五个一名校联盟

”模拟)Imaginethisscene：it'sblowingoutside，andyousnuggle(蜷伏)uponthesofaunderawarmquilt，chattingandrecallin

gwithyourclosestfriends.Thatcontent，cosyfeeling，hasanameinDanish—hygge.And，asDenmarkrecentlywonthetitleof“thehappiestcount

ryintheworld”，theconceptofhyggeisknowntomoreandmorepeopleinterestedinfindingwaystounderstandthisconcept.Hygge—originallyfromaNorwegianwor

dmeaningwell-being—doesn'thaveanexactequivalent(对应物)inEnglish.It'softentranslatedascoziness，orasbloggerAnnaWesttoldtheBBC，“cozinessof

thesoul”．But，professorMarenSparkexplains，“Hyggewasnevermeanttobetranslated.Itwasmeanttobefelt.”Basically，hyggeinvolvescreatingawarm，cosyatm

osphereandenjoyingitwithyourlovedones.Danishwintersarelonganddark，soachievinghyggeisparticularlyrelevantduringthissea

son.Atypicalhyggeactivityduringwintercouldbeenjoyingdelicioushomemadefoodandlight-heartedconversationwithfriends—p

referably3inthewarmglowofcandlelight，ormaybesippingaglassofwineinthehottubafteradayspentskiing.However，hyggeisn'tonlylimitedtothec

oldwintermonths—itcanalsodescribethatwarm，fuzzyfeelingyougetafterawalkthroughaforestwithfriendsonasummer'sdayorafamilybarbecueinthepark.Hy

ggeismeanttobeshared.【语篇解读】每年，丹麦人都会经历漫长而阴沉的冬日，可是丹麦却被认为是世界上最幸福的国家。文章向我们介绍了丹麦人是如何通过创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的。5．Theauthorasksther

eaderstoimaginethesceneinthefirstparagraphto.A．helpthereaderstocalmdownB．introducethetopicofthepassageC．presentthemainideaofthepassa

geD．remindthereadersoftheirpastmemoriesB[考查推理判断。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者让读者想象这个情景是为了引出文章所要介绍的话题“hygge”。]6．Whatdotheunderlinedsente

ncesbyMarenSparkmean?A．Thetranslationoftheword“hygge”isnotgoodenough.B．OnlyDanishspeakersknowwhat“hyg

ge”means.C．“Hygge”iseasytotranslatebuthardtofeel.D．Wecangetthetruemeaningof“hygge”byfeelingit.D[考查句意理解。根据第三段可知，“hygge

”这个词常被解释为“coziness”，下文由“But”引出“professorMarenSpark”的观点“‘hygge’不应该被翻译，而应用来感受”。由此可知，我们只有通过感受才能理解“hygge”的真正内涵。]7．Which

ofthefollowingcanbebestdescribedasa“hygge”activity?A．Skiinginthecoldwintermonths.B．Livingthroughlongdarkwinters.C．

Takingafternoonteawithfriends.D．Walkingaloneintheforest.C[考查推理判断。由倒数第二段的第一句可知，“hygge”与创造一个温暖舒适的氛围并与你爱的人一起分享有关。C项中的“Takingafternoontea”符合“creatingaw

arm，cosyatmosphere”，“friends”对应“yourlovedones”。故选C项。]8．Theauthorwritesthispassageto.A．explainB．persua

deC．commentD．advertiseA[考查写作目的。纵观全文可以看出，文章采用情景介绍、概念介绍、举例说明的方式向我们介绍了一种创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的生活方式：hygge。故选A项。]C(2018·福州市四校联

考)Theideathatyoucanusehumor，laughter，andplaytomakeyouhealthierprobablyseemstoosimpletobetrue.However，itisreallytrue4andsimple.Thesenseofhumor，laug

hterandplayplaysanimportantpartinkeepingyouhealthy.Treattheblueswithasenseofhumor，whichiscloselytiedtolaughter.Laughterisinfect

ious.Haveyoueverheardabiglaughofayoungchildandbeenabletokeepyourselffromsmiling?Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeop

le，itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasestheirhappiness.Smilingisthebeginningoflaughterandasmileisalsojustasinfectiousaslaughteris.Youcanexperience

somethingbysmilingateveryonearoundyou，andyouwillfeelhappierjustbysharingasmile，evenwithastranger.Playisanimportantpartofmakingsurethatwestayhealthy

.Weareoftenencouragedtomakesureourchildrenplay，andaretoldofthebenefitsofbeingoutplaying.However，whatweoftenforgetisthatitisjustasimportantfor

oldpeopletomakeplaybepartoftheirlifeasit'sforchildren.Physicalplayisimportantfortheoldanditcertainlyhelpspreventil

lness.Whilethestudiesarestillintheearlystages，thestudiesthathavebeendonehaveshownthatphysicalplaycertainlyplaysaparti

npreventingcognitive(认知的)falling.Anyway，addinghumor，laughter，andplaytoourlifewillinfluenceusmentally，physicallyandsociallyandb

ringusmanyadvantages.Soweshouldmakefulluseofhumor，laughterandplaytomakeourlifemoreactive，moreinterestingandhappi

er.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infectious”inParagraph2probably

mean?A．Playinganimportantrole.B．Keepingpeopleinhighspirits.C．Quicklyinfluencingotherpeople.D．Preventingillnessfromspreading.C[考查词义猜测。根据第二段第四句“

Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople，itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasestheirhappiness”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人

们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意思为迅速影响其他人。]10．Whatcanlaughterincreaseaccordingtotheauthor?A．Cognitiveability.B．Goodre

lationships.C．Asenseofhumor.D．Happinessandtrust.B[考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople，itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasest

heirhappiness...andyouwillfeelhappierjustbysharingasmile，evenwithastranger”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。]511．Whatdoestheauthorthinktheol

dshoulddo?A．Theyshouldhaveagoodrest.B．Theyshouldplaylikechildren.C．Theyshouldpreventcognitivefalling.D．Theyshouldtakepartinphysicalplay.D[考查推

理判断。根据第三段中的“However，whatweoftenforgetisthatitisjustasimportantforoldpeopletomakeplaybepartoftheirlifeasit'sfo

rchildren.Physicalplayisimportantfortheoldanditcertainlyhelpspreventillness”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。]12．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitl

eforthetext?A．Humor，LaughterandPlayforHealthB．AlwaysKeepOurBodyHealthyC．HaveanActiveandHappyLifeD．LetOurBodyandMindRelaxA[考查主旨大

意。根据最后一段“Anyway，addinghumor，laughter，andplaytoourlifewillinfluenceusmentally，physicallyandsociallyandbringusmanyadva

ntages.Soweshouldmakefulluseofhumor，laughterandplaytomakeourlifemoreactive，moreinterestingandhappier”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、

大笑和玩耍有利于健康。]