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1专题限时集训(九)词义猜测之推测单词、短语、句子的含义ANotallawardsareasnobleastheNobelPrize，whichisworld-famousforgivingprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliteratur

e，science，economicsand—perhapsmostimportantly—peace，eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasystemforrecognizing，honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohaved

onesomethinggoodintheircountries，therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardsceremoniesforallkindsofthings.TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous，atimeforthefilmi

ndustrytotellitselfhowgooditis.Theawardsarenotonlyforfilms—nowtherearealsoGrammies，Brits，theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVandQawardsformu

sic.InBritain，awriterwhowinstheBookerprize，canexpecttoseetheirdifficult，literarynovelhitthebestsellerli

stsandcompetewithTheDaVinciCodeforpopularity.TheTurnerPrizeisanawardforaBritishcontemporaryartist—eachyearitcausescontrove

rsybyapparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds，puttinganimalsinglasscasesor—

thisyear—buildingagardenshed.Awardsdon'tonlyexistforthearts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear，forEuropeanFootballerofthe

YearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit，ortohelppeoplewhoare

ontightbudgetcarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances，butprofessionalsoccerplayersthesedaysarenotshyoffund!Whyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappe

aredrecently?Shakespeareneverwonaprize，nordidLeonardoDaVinci.Mostawardsceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.Thismeanstha

tnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardbenefitsfromit—butalsothesponsors.TheMTVawards，forexample，aregreatforpubl

icizingnotonlymusic，butalsoMTVitself!Onthesurface，itseemstobea“win-win”situation，witheveryonebeinghappy，

butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere，andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementist

akingplace?【语篇解读】本文作者对品类越来越多的获奖及获奖庆典提出了自己的疑问和看法。1．WhydoesthewriterwriteParagraphs2and3?A．Toshowtheimportanceofg

ivingawardstopeople.B．Toshowtherearevariousawards.C．Totelluswhysomanyawardsappear.D．Totellushowpeoplewinaw

ards.B[考查推理判断。根据第二段和第三段列举电影类奖项Oscars、音乐类奖项2Grammies，Brits，theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVandQawards、文学奖项Bookerprize以及当代艺术奖项、体育奖项等等可知，作者写这两段是为了展示多种多

样的奖项。]2．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3mean?A．Don'tneedtocarryontheirwork.B．Aren'tasfamousasotherp

eople.C．Aren'tasimportantasotherpeople.D．Don'tlackmoneyD[考查词义猜测。根据前文“...tohelppeoplewhoareontightbudgetcarryontheirworkwit

houtworryingaboutfinances”可知，此处是说现在专业足球运动员并不缺钱。]3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaythewriteragreewith?A．Thewin-winsit

uationsatisfiesallpeopleinvolved.B．Mostawardstodaygotopeoplewhodon'treallyneedthem.C．Awardsshouldbegiventopeoplewithfinan

cialproblems.D．Organizationsthatgiveawardstakeadvantageofawardsceremonies.D[考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Thismeansthatnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawar

dbenefitsfromit...”可知，那些颁发奖项的组织或赞助者也同时从中获利。]4．Inthepassage，thewriterismainlyconcerned.A．ifawardsgotopeoplewhoreallydeservethemB．ifNobelPrizeandothe

rawardsarestillasnobleasbeforeC．thatawardsandceremoniespublicizethewinnerstoomuchD．thattoomanyawards

candoharmtopublicityormarketingA[考查推理判断。根据第一段的第一句及最后一段的末句可知，作者对获奖是否真的是对成就的一种认可表示怀疑，这篇文章也贯穿了这个思想。]B(2018·

河北省“五个一名校联盟”模拟)Imaginethisscene：it'sblowingoutside，andyousnuggle(蜷伏)uponthesofaunderawarmquilt，chattingandrecallingwithyourclosestfriends.Thatcon

tent，cosyfeeling，hasanameinDanish—hygge.And，asDenmarkrecentlywonthetitleof“thehappiestcountryintheworld”，theconceptofhyggeisknown

tomoreandmorepeopleinterestedinfindingwaystounderstandthisconcept.Hygge—originallyfromaNorwegianwordmeaningwell-being—doesn'thaveanexactequivale

nt(对应物)inEnglish.It'softentranslatedascoziness，orasbloggerAnnaWesttoldtheBBC，“cozinessofthesoul”．But，professorMarenSpa

rkexplains，“Hyggewasnevermeanttobetranslated.Itwasmeanttobefelt.”Basically，hyggeinvolvescreatingawarm，cosyatmosphereandenjoyingitwithyourlovedones

.Danishwintersarelonganddark，soachievinghyggeisparticularlyrelevantduringthisseason.Atypicalhyggeactivityduringwintercouldbeenjoyin

gdelicioushomemadefoodandlight-heartedconversationwithfriends—preferably3inthewarmglowofcandlelight，ormaybesippingaglassofwineinthe

hottubafteradayspentskiing.However，hyggeisn'tonlylimitedtothecoldwintermonths—itcanalsodescribethatwarm，fuzzy

feelingyougetafterawalkthroughaforestwithfriendsonasummer'sdayorafamilybarbecueinthepark.Hyggeismeanttobeshared.【语篇解

读】每年，丹麦人都会经历漫长而阴沉的冬日，可是丹麦却被认为是世界上最幸福的国家。文章向我们介绍了丹麦人是如何通过创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的。5．Theauthorasksthereaderstoimaginethesceneinthefirstparagraphto.A．help

thereaderstocalmdownB．introducethetopicofthepassageC．presentthemainideaofthepassageD．remindthereadersoftheirpastmemori

esB[考查推理判断。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者让读者想象这个情景是为了引出文章所要介绍的话题“hygge”。]6．WhatdotheunderlinedsentencesbyMarenSparkmean?A．Thetranslationofthewor

d“hygge”isnotgoodenough.B．OnlyDanishspeakersknowwhat“hygge”means.C．“Hygge”iseasytotranslatebuthardto

feel.D．Wecangetthetruemeaningof“hygge”byfeelingit.D[考查句意理解。根据第三段可知，“hygge”这个词常被解释为“coziness”，下文由“But”引出“professorMarenSpa

rk”的观点“‘hygge’不应该被翻译，而应用来感受”。由此可知，我们只有通过感受才能理解“hygge”的真正内涵。]7．Whichofthefollowingcanbebestdescribedas

a“hygge”activity?A．Skiinginthecoldwintermonths.B．Livingthroughlongdarkwinters.C．Takingafternoonteawithfriends.D．Walkingaloneinth

eforest.C[考查推理判断。由倒数第二段的第一句可知，“hygge”与创造一个温暖舒适的氛围并与你爱的人一起分享有关。C项中的“Takingafternoontea”符合“creatingawarm，cosyatmosphere”，“friends”对应“your

lovedones”。故选C项。]8．Theauthorwritesthispassageto.A．explainB．persuadeC．commentD．advertiseA[考查写作目的。纵观全文可以看出，文章采用情

景介绍、概念介绍、举例说明的方式向我们介绍了一种创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的生活方式：hygge。故选A项。]C(2018·福州市四校联考)Theideathatyoucanusehumor，laughter，andplaytomakeyouhealt

hierprobablyseemstoosimpletobetrue.However，itisreallytrue4andsimple.Thesenseofhumor，laughterandplayplaysanimportantpartinkeepingyouhealthy.Treatth

eblueswithasenseofhumor，whichiscloselytiedtolaughter.Laughterisinfectious.Haveyoueverheardabiglaughofayoungchildandbeenabletokeep

yourselffromsmiling?Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople，itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasestheirhappiness.Smilingis

thebeginningoflaughterandasmileisalsojustasinfectiousaslaughteris.Youcanexperiencesomethingbysmilingateveryonearoundyou，andyouwi

llfeelhappierjustbysharingasmile，evenwithastranger.Playisanimportantpartofmakingsurethatwestayhealthy.Weareoftenencouragedto

makesureourchildrenplay，andaretoldofthebenefitsofbeingoutplaying.However，whatweoftenforgetisthatitisjustasimportantforol

dpeopletomakeplaybepartoftheirlifeasit'sforchildren.Physicalplayisimportantfortheoldanditcertainlyhelps

preventillness.Whilethestudiesarestillintheearlystages，thestudiesthathavebeendonehaveshownthatphysicalplayc

ertainlyplaysapartinpreventingcognitive(认知的)falling.Anyway，addinghumor，laughter，andplaytoourlifewillinf

luenceusmentally，physicallyandsociallyandbringusmanyadvantages.Soweshouldmakefulluseofhumor，laughterandplaytom

akeourlifemoreactive，moreinterestingandhappier.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。9．Whatdoestheunder

linedword“infectious”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Playinganimportantrole.B．Keepingpeopleinhighspirits.C．Quicklyinfluencingother

people.D．Preventingillnessfromspreading.C[考查词义猜测。根据第二段第四句“Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople，itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasestheirha

ppiness”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意思为迅速影响其他人。]10．Whatcanlaughterincreaseaccordingtot

heauthor?A．Cognitiveability.B．Goodrelationships.C．Asenseofhumor.D．Happinessandtrust.B[考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople，itmakesthemcl

osertoeachotherandincreasestheirhappiness...andyouwillfeelhappierjustbysharingasmile，evenwithastranger”可知，

在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。]511．Whatdoestheauthorthinktheoldshoulddo?A．Theyshouldhaveagoodrest.B．Theyshouldplaylike

children.C．Theyshouldpreventcognitivefalling.D．Theyshouldtakepartinphysicalplay.D[考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“However，whatweoftenforgetisthatitisjustasimporta

ntforoldpeopletomakeplaybepartoftheirlifeasit'sforchildren.Physicalplayisimportantfortheoldanditcertainlyhelpspreventillness”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身

体活动。]12．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Humor，LaughterandPlayforHealthB．AlwaysKeepOur

BodyHealthyC．HaveanActiveandHappyLifeD．LetOurBodyandMindRelaxA[考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Anyway，addinghumor，laughter，andplaytoourlifewillinfluenceusmenta

lly，physicallyandsociallyandbringusmanyadvantages.Soweshouldmakefulluseofhumor，laughterandplaytomakeourlifemoreactive，moreinterest

ingandhappier”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。]