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概要写作一1、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Weallhavedailyproblemswithtechnology,buthowmanyofuscanfixthem?MyaLeThai,ascientistfromth

eUniversityofCalifornia,Irvinerecentlydiscoveredaprocessthatmightresultinbatteriesthatcouldlastforever.Thaisaidshewasfrustratedthattheba

tteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded.Overtime,theyfailedtochargefully.Thaididnotliketokeepherwirelessl

aptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlet.Shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.Atfirst,sheandherteamatUCIrvinethoughtabouti

nventinganewbattery.Butastheyexperimented,Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithium-ion(锂离子)batteriestolastforever.Lithi

um-ionbatteriespowermostwirelessdevices.Overtime,thebatterieslosetheabilitytoholdacharge.Oneofthereasonswhylithium-ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofna

nowires(纳米线)tocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.Theyareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity,whichmakesthemusefulin

batteries.Buttheirthinnessalsomakesthemweak.‘‘Nanowiresbreakovertime,"shesaid.“That’swhytheylosecapacity.’’But,Thaihadatheory:Thenanowiresmightla

stlongerifcoveredwithagel.Sheandtheteamtestedhertheory.“Itwasalongprocessandalotofwork,"Thaisaid.Theteamtriedmany

coveringsforthewires.Thenanowireswerecoatedwithagel,PMMA,andcycledthroughcharging200,000times.Thegelshowednoevi

denceofdamage.Theresultssuggestedthatbatteriescouldlastforeverwithoutlosingchargingability.Thaisaid200,000

cyclesamounttoaboutthreemonthsonjustonedevice.Thaihopestocontinueherresearchtoseeifanyothergelcouldwork

better.ThaitellsVOAsheisenjoyingthepublicityaboutherdiscovery.Shesaidsheneverexpectedherresearchtogetmediacoverage.“It’skin

dofcool,”shesaid.“I’mreallygladpeopleareshowinginterestinmywork—notjustintheworkitself,butalsointechnologyandenergy.”2、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇

60词左右的内容概要。Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowonetoweartoworkorcollegemakesnodifference

toyourdayandthosearoundyou.However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmood,ourcareerprospectsan

devenourhealth.Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldbemakingthemostofitinourlives.Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofus

realize.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapistsforinfluencingmoodandstateofmind,andforvarioustypesoft

reatmentswhenweareill.Somepeopleevenbelievethattheblindcanbenefitfromthe“vibrations(震动)”thatcolorgivesoff.Companiesusecolortogreateffecttoencourag

eustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseenascreativeandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepo

wertomakethemhappen.Orangeandbluearealsorecommendedcolorsforcompaniestouse,becauseorangeisthecolorofcommu

nicationandbluesuggestssafetyandsecurity.Sothiscouldbeaparticularlygoodcombination.Companieshavefoundcertai

ncolors“speak”tospecificagegroups.Theyoftenuseredtoattractyoungerpeopletotheirproducts,forexample,asitisvibrantandmoreyouthfu

lthancolorslikegoldandnavy,whicholdercustomersseemtoprefer.Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothe

rsreacttoyou,soitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhendecidingwhattowearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,thenwear

ingnavyblueorblackisgood.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounotic

edbyeveryoneandmakesyou,thewearer,feelenergetic,butbecareful,asitcanraiseyourpulserateandnoteveryonewantsthiseffect.Sothinkc

arefullybeforeyouleavethehouse.Thecolorsyouchooseareawonderfultool.Areyoumakingtherightimpression—onyourselfando

nothers?3、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Anew,first-of-its-kindstudyexaminestheconnectionbetweenteacherburnoutands

tudents’stresslevels.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiacollectedsaliva(唾液)samplesfromover400e

lementaryschoolchildren,gradesfourtoseven,at17publicschools.Cortisol(皮质醇)levelswerethenassessedfromthesamplesasthehormoneis

commonlyusedasabiologicalindicatorofstress.Correspondingly,teacherburnoutwasdeterminedthroughsurveyresults.Inv

estigatorsfoundthatinclassroomswhereteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,orfeelingsofemotionalexhaustion,students’cortisolle

velswereelevated(提升).Highercortisollevelsinelementaryschoolchildrenhavebeenlinkedtolearningdifficultiesaswellasmentalhealthproblems.Thestudyappears

inthejournalSocialScience&Medicine."Thissuggeststhatstresscontagionmightbetakingplaceintheclassroomamongstud

entsandtheirteachers,"saidEvaOberle,PhD,thestudy’sleadauthor.Indeed,therelationshipbetweenstudentstressandteacherburnoutisac

hickenandeggquestion."Itisunknownwhatcamefirst,elevatedcortisolorteacherburnout.Weconsidertheconnectionbetweenst

udentandteacherstressacyclicalproblemintheclassroom.”Oberlesaidastressfulclassroomclimatecouldbearesultofinadequat

esupportforteachers,whichmayimpactteachers’abilitytoeffectivelymanagetheirstudents.Apoorlymanagedclassroomcancontribut

etostudents'needsnotbeingmetandincreasingstress.Thiscouldbereflectedinelevatedcortisollevelsinstudents.Alternatively,st

resscouldoriginatefromstudents,whomaybemorechallengingtoteachbecauseofincreasesinanxiety,behavioralproblem

s,orspecialneeds.Inthiscase,teacherscouldfeeloverwhelmedandreporthigherlevelsofburnout."Ourstudyisareminderofthesystem

icissuesfacingteachersandeducatorsasclassroomsizesincreaseandsupportsforteachersarecut,’’saidOberle.“Itisclearfromanumberofrecentresearchstud

iesthatteachingisoneofthemoststressfulprofessions,andthatteachersneedadequateresourcesandsupportintheirjobsinordertobattleb

urnoutandrelievestressintheclassroom,”saidtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaeducationprofessorKimberlySchonertReichl,

PhD,thestudy’sco-author.“Ifwedonotsupportteachers,weriskthedamageofstudents.”4、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Whilecontactbetween

adolescents(betweentheagesoffifteenandnineteen)andtheirpeers(同龄人)isauniversalcharacteristicofallcultures,thenatureandthedegreeofsuchconta

ctvaryagreatdeal.InAmericancontemporarysociety,adolescentsspendmuchmoretimewiththeirpeersthanwithyoungerchildrenoradults

.Thispatternofagesegregation(隔离)inAmericansocietydidnotbecomeusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Changesintheworkplac

eseparatedchildrenfromadults,withadultsworkingandchildrenattendingschool.Thedramaticincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothe

reductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.Schoolreformeffortsduringthenineteenthcentury,which

resultedinage-segregatedschoolsandgrades,havereducedtheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithyoungerchildren.Finally,thechangesinpopulationa

reconsideredafactorthatmayhavecontributedtotheemergenceofadolescentpeerculture.From1955to1975,theadolescentp

opulationincreaseddramatically,from11percentto20.9percent.Thisincreaseinthenumberofadolescentsmightbeacontributing

factortotheincreaseinadolescentpeercultureintermsofgrowthinsizeaswellasintermsofitsimpactonsociety'sothercultures(adults,youngerchildren).Re

searchsupportstheviewthatadolescentsspendagreatdealoftimewiththeirpeers.ReedLarsonandhiscolleaguesexaminedadol

escents’dailyactivitiesandfoundthattheyspendmoretimetalkingtotheirfriendsthanengaginginanyotheractivity.Inatypicalweek,highschoolstudentsw

illspendtwiceasmuchtimewiththeirpeersaswithadults.Thisgradualwithdrawalfromadultsbeginsinearlyadolescence.Insixthgrade,adults(excludingparents)acc

ountforonly25percentofadolescentsocialnetworks.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofadolescentpeercultureisitsincreasinglyautonomous(自治的)function.While

childhoodpeergroupsareconductedundertheclosesupervisionofparents,adolescentpeergroupstypicallymakeanefforttoescapeadultsupervisionandusuallys

ucceedindoingso.5、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Thereissomeunwelcomenewsforstudentspreparingforexamsandofficersputtinginlonghours—youdon’tneedthe

breakasmuchasyoumaythinkthatmakesyoufeellesstired.Scientistshavelongassumedthatwillpowerisalimitedresource,whichiswhyyoufee

ltheneedtohavearest,haveasnackandcomebacktoataskwhenyou’refeelingbetter.Theyarguedthattheonlywaytorestorewillpowe

risbyrest,foodorentertainment.Butpsychologistshavechallengedthistheory,sayingweakwillpowerisallinyourhead.Theyfoundthatpeople’sbeliefsin

willpowerdeterminehowlongandhowwellthey’llbeabletoworkonatoughmentalexercise.“Ifyouthinkofwillpowerassomethingthat'slimited,you're

morelikelytobetiredwhenyouperformadifficulttask,"saidProf.VeronikaJob.“Butifyouthinkofwillpowerassomethingthatisnoteasilyusedup,youcangoonan

don.”Theresearchersdesignedfourexperimentstoteststudents'beliefsinwillpower.Afteratiringtask,those,whobelieve

dorwereledtobelievethatwillpowerisalimitedresource,performedworseonstandardconcentrationteststhanthosewhothoughtofwillpowerassomet

hingtheyhadmorecontrolover.Theyalsofoundthatleadinguptofinalexamweek,studentswhobelievedthelimitedresourcetheoryatejunkfood24percentmoreoftenthan

thosewhobelievedtheyhadmorecontrolinresistingtemptation(诱惑).AccordingtoMr.Job,thetheorythatwillpowerisalimitedresourceisinteresting,bu

tithashadunintendedconsequences.Studentswhomayalreadyhavetroublestudyingarebeingtoldthattheirpowerofconcentrationislimited,andtheynee

dtotakefrequentbreaks.Butabeliefinwillpowerasanon-limitedresourcemakespeoplestrongerintheirabilitytoworkth

roughchallenges.Thefindingscouldhelppeoplewhoarebattlingtemptation.Willpowerisn'tdrivenbyabiologicallybasedprocessasmuchasweusedtothink.Theb

eliefinitiswhatinfluencesyourbehavior.6、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Uploadingcountlessselfies(自拍照),writingpersonalstatusupdates,andcheckingyourmess

ageseveryotherminuteseemlikejustapartofmodemdailylife,right?Thesearethemarkersoftherelationshipweallhavewithsocialmedianow,whichstartedo

utjustasawaytocommunicatewithoneanother.AccordingtoarecentstudybyexpertsattheUniversityofGeorgia,therema

ybemoretoitthanthat.Thefindingssuggestedsomeunmistakablecorrelationsbetweensocialmediauseandwhat’sknownas“grandiosenarcis

sism(浮夸的自恋)”.So,whendoessocialmediausebecomeaproblem?TheUniversityofGeorgiacarriedouttheresearchaccordingtothefollowingquestion

s:Howlongdopeoplespendonsocialmedia?Howoftendotheytweetorupdatestatus?Howmanyfriendsorfollowersdotheyhave?Howmanyselfiesdotheytendtopost?If

youdoalltheabovethings,itlikelysendssignalsaboutyourpersonality.Alloftheseonlineactionshaveonethingincommon:T

heyareallwaysinwhichwetrytopromoteourselvesonline.Therefore,it9showyouusetheplatformthatcounts.Then,exactlyhowmuchtimespentonlin

eistoomuch?Theresearchersdidn'tmeasure.However,anotherstudyfromBaylorUniversitylistedSALIENCE(socialpl

atformsbecomingnecessaryinyourdailylife)andEUPHORIA(thefeelingofexcitementwhenyouusethem)amongotherthingsassignsofaddi

ction.Thatistosay,ifyouareconstantlyengagedwithsocialmediaonadailybasis,itcouldbeasignthatyouhaveanegativ

erelationshipwithit.Therefore,it’showyouusetheplatformthatmatters.Socialmediaitselfmeansnoharm.Instead,morebenefits

canbegotifyouuseitcarefullyandwisely.7、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。AmericanEnglishbeganinthe17thcentury.Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theEnglishl

anguagewasbroughttoNorthAmericabycolonistsfromEngland.TheyusedthelanguagespokeninEngland,thatis,ElizabethanEnglish,thelanguageusedbyShakespeare.I

nordertoexploitnewresourcesinAmerica,Britishcolonistssettleddownthereandfrom1607to1732setupthirteencolonies,includingVirginia,NorthCarolina,Georgia,P

ennsylvania,NewYork,NewJerseyandConnecticut.Inthesethirteenareas,Englishwasacommonlanguageusedbyallpe

ople.ThefirstcolonistsestablishedtheEnglishforminAmerica.Astimewentby,theEnglishlanguagegraduallychangedonb

othsidesoftheAtlantic.Foreignerslongingforwealthsetfootonthecoastalareatotrade.Americansadoptedmanywordsfromforeignlanguagesandin

ventednumerousnewwordstomeettheircommercialneeds.FollowingAmericanIndependence,famouspeoplelikeThomasJefferson,theP

resident,begantoconsiderthatthecountryshouldhavealanguageofitsown.NoahWebstercompiled(编撰)threeelementarybooksonE

nglish.Later,heexpressedtheideathatasanindependentnation,Americashouldhaveasystemofitsowninlanguageaswel

lasingovernment.Afterthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,manygreatwriterssuchasMarkTwainhelpedthedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.EnglishinAmeri

cahasdevelopedacharacterofitsown,reflectingthelifeandthephysicalandsocialenvironmentoftheAmericanpeople.SincetheriseoftheUnitedSta

testoapositionofworldimportance,AmericanEnglishhasbeendevelopingandchanging.ThereisnodoubtthatAmericanEnglishwillenrichtheEnglishla

nguagegreatly.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodemmassmediaandthecommonneedsofeconomic,culturalandpoliticalexchanges,AmericanEnglishwillbemorewidelyused

intheworldthanBritishEnglish.8、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Lifedoesn’talwaysturnoutthewaywe’dlike.Whensituationstakeanunfriendlyturn,webecomeupset

,frustrated,andangry.Whenothersdon'tagreewithus,livetheirlivesthewaywethinktheyshouldnot,oractinamannerwefinddisturbing,angerisatypicalreaction.Its

eemsthatwefeelangergivesusthemomentaryfeelingofpowerinasituationwherewefeelwehavelostauthority.However,infact,withtheexceptionofafewcases

,anangryreactionrarelyimprovesthesituation.Itonlymakesthesituationworse.Thoughtfulconsiderationofwhatfeelingsandr

epliesaremostadvantageousactuallyrestoresrealpower.Soconsiderthefollowingalternativestoanger.Oneiscompa

ssion,whichconsistsofbothunderstandingandempathy.Ifweviewanindividualwhosebehaviorwefindunacceptable,weshouldthinkeachpersonhasarighttolivelife

accordingtotheirbeliefs,dreams,needsandsoon.Evenifsomeoneisactingimproperly,youshouldunderstandthemratherthangetbentoutofshape.Iftheyarestrugg

ling,lost,orinpain,youshouldchoosetofeelempathyfortheirsuffering,hopingthattheywillsoonpassthroughtheircurren

tchallengetoamorejoyfulplace.Ifyoudoso,yourangerwilldisappear.Humorisanotherpowerfultoolforstoppingangerbecauseitcanhelpyoustaycalmwhenthingsgetbad.

Sometimeswetakelifefartooseriously.Thatisbadforusandangeriseasytohappen.Weneedtousehumortoturnanyserioussituatio

nintoalightone.Humoractsasaprotectivebarriertoemotionalpain.Therefore,whenothersbehavebadly,finditinyourhearttoforgivethemforth

eirunwisebehaviorratherthancomplain.Whenlifehandsyoutheexactoppositeofwhatyourequested,takenonoticeofitinsteadofgettingangry

.Afterall,thebadsituationisonlytemporary.Sochoosethesealternativereactionstosoftenourheartandpreventangerfromhappeningsothatwecanenjoy

ourlifetothefullest.答案1答案：Doyoulookforwardtoonedaywhenbatteriesaredurable?MyaLeThaiandherteamhaverealizedourd

reamandwouldliketosharetheirinventionwiththepublic.(要点1)Watchingcarefully,theydiscoveredwhatmightfailbatteriesandad

vancedtherelativeenergy-savingtechnology.(要点2)Knowledgeisatreasure,butpracticeisthekeytoit.(要点3)Naturally,itt

ookthemalongtimetomaketheinventionoverandoveragain.(要点4)(71words)2答案：Colors,whosepowercanbegreaterthanexpected,arebelievedtoaffectourmood,careeran

dhealth.(要点1)They’reincreasinglyusedtoinfluenceourstateofmindandtreatillness.(要点2)Socompaniesemploycolorstopromotesales,conside

ringtheimagetheyconveyandagegroupstheyattract.(要点3)Ascolorsofclothescanaffectpeople'sfeelings,decidingwhattowearmattersinmakingthe

rightimpression.(要点4)(64words)3答案：Anewresearchshowsthatstudentstrainoftencoexistswithteacherexhaustion.(要点1)Students,whofindtheirrequiremen

tsunsatisfiedasaresultofteachers9low-levelmanagementoverclass,mayfeeloverwhelminglystressed.(要点2)Con

versely,teachers,whoencountergreatteachingchallengefromstudents,tendtobeburnedout.(要点3)Therefore,moresufficientresourcesandsupportforteachersshouldbe

guaranteed,orstudentsarelikelytoberuined.(要点4)(63words)4答案：Therearesomecausesofthebirthofadolescentpeercultur

e,whereadolescentsspendmoretimewiththeirpeers.(要点1)Firstly,changesintheworkplacereducetheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwit

htheirparents.(要点2)Andschoolreformsresultintheirlesslimespentwithyoungerchildren.(要点3)Additionally,theincreaseinadolescentpopulationisan

othercontributingfactor.(要点4)Autonomyisanothercharacteristicofadolescentpeerculture,whichmeanstheyusuallymanagetoescapeadultsupervision.(要点5)

(67words)5答案：Basedonarecentreport,havingaresttorefreshyourselfisnotsoessentialasexpected.(要点1)Willpower,a

ssumedlimitedbysomescientists,istoberegainedonlybyrest,food,aswellasentertainment.(要点2)However,thistheoryhasbeenchallenge

d.(要点3)Researchersconductedexperiments,discoveringthatifyoubelievethatwillpowerislimitless,youwillbemorepowerful,whichwillhelpto

resisttemptation.(要点4)(63words)6答案：Thepassageismainlvaboutsocialmedia,whichcanbeausefultoolinourdailylife.(要点1)Butoriginally,thepurposeofso

cialmediaistoexchangeinformation.(要点2)Sincethen,socialmediahasbeenwidelyusedinallaspects.(要点3)Accordingloarecent

studyoftheUniversityofGeorgia,socialmediahasalreadybecomeaplatformatpresent,andpracticallytherearenolimitstoself-express

ionbysocialmedia.(要点4)However,whetherapersonhassocialmediaaddictionisquitemeasurable.(要点5)(82words)标准范文Fromthepassage,wecanknowthattheauthorthin

ksthatsocialmediacanbeausefultoolinourlife.(要点1)Aswealsoknow,theoriginalpurposeofsocialmediaistoexcha

ngeinformation.(要点2)Atpresent,wemakefulluseofit.(要点3)AccordingtotheresearchoftheUniversityofGeorgia,socialmed

iahasbecomeastagetoshowoneself.(要点4)However,fromthelastbutoneparagraph,weknowwhetheronehassocialmediaaddictioncanbemeasured.(要点5)(77words)7答案：T

hepassageismainlyaboutthedevelopmentofAmericanEnglishwhichwasbominthe17thcentury.(要点1)Inparticular,a

boutAmericanEnglish,weknowitsdevelopmenthasacloserelationshipwithAmericanpeople’slife.(要点2)What’smore,

internationalbusinessandtradecontributetothedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.(要点3)Lastbutnotleast,withthedevelopmentofsocie

tyandeconomy,AmericanEnglishismorewidelyusedthanBritishEnglish.(要点4)(77words)8答案：Thepassagetellsusthatangerdoesn'tsolveany

problemsinourdailylifealthoughitcandosomegoodsometimesinafewcases.(要点1)Onthecontrary,itonlymakesthingsworse.(要点2)Therefore,weshould

ignoreit.Forexample,compassionandhumoraregoodways.(要点3)Inaword,itisofgreatimportanceforusalltoknowhowtogetri

dofanger.(要点4)(65words)