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1专题限时集训(十二)阅读七选五之说明文(Ⅱ)A(2018·安徽省知名师范高中质检)Itisveryimportantforkidstobecourageous.Abravechildismorelikelytowithstandnegativepeerpressure，saynototemp

tations(诱惑)andfightthegoodfight.1Itboostskids'resilience(适应力)，confidenceandwillpoweraswellastheirlearning，performanceandschoolengag

ement.Hereareseveralwaystodevelopkids'courage：Setamodelofcourage，kidswhowatchtheirparentssticktheirnecks

outtodotherightthingaremorelikelytodothesame.2Thenexpresshowgooditfeelswhenyouconqueryourfearsinsteadof

takingashortcut.Yourkidswilllearnhowtotakeonthetoughchallengetheyfacebywitnessinghowyoutackleyourfears.3Researchfindsthatkid

saremorelikelytobecourageousiftheybelievethattheirparentsencouragethemtosupportthoseinneed，discussbraverywithyourkids:tellthem“Courageismakingthe

choicetodowhatyouknowisrightevenifyouareafraid.”Askyourkidstosharetheiractsofbravery.Learningtobebravetakespractice，soencourageyourchildrentodosomet

hingcourageouseveryday.4AmomItalkedtohadherkidssharetheirbravedeedsatdinnertime.Teachyourkidshowtoreducetheirfears.Ifnotkeptun

dercontrol，fearscanbepowerful.5Youmightencouragepositiveself-talk，suchassaying“Icanhandlethis”or“Ihavecouragetodothis”．Orteachyourchi

ldrentotakeslow，deepbreathstofindcourage.A．Talkaboutvaluesandcourage.B．Couragehasothersurprisingbenefits.C．Thegoodnewsisthatcouragecanb

etaught.D．Teachyourchildrensimplestrategiestobebrave.E．Letyourchildrenseeyoustepoutofyourcomfortzone.F．Intoday'suncertainworld，kidswill

needcourageandconfidence.G．Thentaketimetofocusontheircourageousbreakthroughs.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个培养孩子勇气的方法。1．B[根据上文可知，一个勇敢的孩子更能

承受压力、拒绝诱惑，更能够为了信仰和原则而斗争；根据空处后一句可知，勇气能提高孩子的适应力、信心和毅力。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明勇气还有其他的益处，故选B。]2．E[本段讲述榜样的作用。根据空处后一句可知，要向你的孩子表达克服恐惧

而非走捷径的感觉是多么棒。据此可以判断，空处说明要让你的孩子看到你走出舒适区，故选E。]3．A[根据位置可知，该空为该段的主题句。通读该段内容，尤其是该段最后一句可2知，要与你的孩子讨论勇气，告诉他们勇气是即使你害怕也选择去做你认为正确的事。据此可知，该段主要陈述培养勇气的方法：

和孩子讨论价值观和勇气，故选A。]4．G[根据空处后一句可知，一位“我”与之交谈过的母亲让她的孩子晚饭时分享他们自己的勇敢行为。据此可知，空处陈述与此对应的父母的做法：要花时间专注于孩子的勇敢突破，故选G。]5．D[根据空处后一句可知，你可能会鼓励孩子进行积极的自

我对话，比如说，“我可以处理这件事”或“我有勇气做这件事”。据此可以判断，空处是说要教会你的孩子变得勇敢的一些简单的方法，故选D。]B(2018·广州市调研测试)Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld'sgreatest

inventions.Itwas，forexample，thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoins，peopleusedmanydifferen

tkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.6Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.7In1200BC，peopleinChinabegantouseshell

s(贝壳)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowed

fortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroun

dtheworldbegantodothesame.8Thenextdevelopmentwasin1000BC，whenChinastartedmakingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn'tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoun

dcoinsoutofmetal.9By500BC，metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanE

mpire.About1,000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806AD，thefirstpaperbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeo

ple.10A．Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.B．However，aseconomiesdeveloped，suchexchangesbecameimpractical.C．Itwasstillmanyyearsbefor

epapercurrencyappearedinEurope.D．Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.E．Astimewentby，tradebetweencountriesinc

reased.F．Duringthattime，forexample，buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.G．Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpe

oplecouldstringthemtogether.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发展的历史。6．F[根据空前的“peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling”及空后的“Th

isexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的buyingachicken3mightcostsever

alpotatoes是“物物交换”的一个例子，符合题意，故选F。]7．B[本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的句子可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的suchexchanges与第一段最后一句中的Thisexchange相

呼应，且B项中的However以及impractical表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，故选B。]8．D[根据第二段内容及空前的“manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame”可知，许多其他国家

也开始这样做了。todothesame指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合题意，故选D。]9．G[根据空前的句子可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根

据空后的句子可知，到公元前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因，故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。]10．C[根据空前的句子可知，此处讲到了纸币首先由中国

人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密，故选C。]C(2018·呼和浩特市调研考试)HowtoCalmDownatWorkTheworkplacecanbeastressfulplace.Anxiety，conflict，ba

dmanagementandoverworkcanleadtofrustrationandstress.11Keepsomethingyouliketolookatwithinsight.Aphotoofalovedoneor

afavoritepersonalsouveniristhebestexample.Keepsuchanitemsomewhereyoucanglanceatitwheneveryouwishtodoso.12Tak

eamomenttoengageinexercise.Ifyou'reunabletoleaveyourworkarea，standandstretchforamoment.Muscletensionexercisescanalsohelpyoucalmd

own.13Forinstance，startbysqueezingallofyourfacemusclesastightlyasyoucanfortwentysecondsandslowlyreleasingthem.Writedownthereasonwhyyouareu

pset.14Gettingyourthoughtsandfeelingsoutonpapercanhelpclarifytheissueyou'rehaving.Writingdownyourthoughtscanevenhelpyoudeterminethebest

waytoaddressyourfrustrationoranxietyandmoveforward.15Ifyouandanotherco-workerareconstantlyfrustratedwithoneanother，setupatimetospeakwith

himorher.Saysomethinglike，“Hey，Sarah，let'ssitdownsometimesoonandchattomakesurewe'reonthesamepageaboutourupcomingproject.”A．Turntoyourworkmat

esforhelp.B．Communicatewithyourworkmates.C．Avaseofflowersonyourdeskisanothergoodexample.D．Focusononeparticularmuscleormusclegr

oupatatime.E．Herearethestepsyoucantaketohelpyoucalmdownatwork.F．Engageyourbodybyrollingyourhead，shoul

der，andankleswhilesitting.4G．Thebestwaytofigureoutexactlywhat'sbotheringyouistowriteitdown.【语篇解读】本文是

一篇说明文，主要介绍了能帮助人在工作中镇静下来的一些方法。11．E[上文说工作场所可能是一个充满压力的地方，忧虑、冲突、糟糕的管理和过度工作可能会导致沮丧和压力。E项“这儿就有一些你可以采纳来帮助你在工作中镇静下来的措施”与上文

语义衔接且符合下文的叙述，故选E。]12．C[本段主要叙述的是放一些你喜欢的东西在视力范围内，而C项说在桌上放一瓶花就是另外一个好的例子，承接上文，故选C。]13．D[上文说肌肉伸展训练能够帮助你镇静下来，而D项说一次关注一个特定(部位)的肌肉或肌肉群，前后语义衔接，故选D。]14．G

[上文说写下你沮丧的原因，而G项说准确地弄清使你烦恼的原因的最好方法就是把它写下来，与上文逻辑一致，故选G。空前的writedown也是提示词。]15．B[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句。本段讲的是如果你和你的同事一直对彼此感到失望，那就找些时间和你的同事交流一下。B项“与

你的同事交流”概括准确，故选B。]D(2018·南宁二中、柳州高中两校联考)GoodMoneyHabitsIt'stherighttimeforafinancialplan.Mostplansaremadeinextremeexcitement—wh

enyougetapayrise，orafterreadingaself-helpbook.16Herearesometipsthatwillhelpyoustaythecourseallyearround.●Takebabysteps.Theother

dayacolleaguesaid，“Ihavedecidedtowakeupat6：30a．m.，startingtomorrow.”Butsheusuallywokeupat8：30.Twohoursearlieris

adifficulttask.AfterafewdaysIaskedherhowshewasprogressing.Herdisappointedsmilesaiditall.17Ifshehadco

nsideredpushingtheclockby5minutesevery10days，she'dreachher6：30a．m.goalineightmonths.Gettheidea?Nowsimplyreplacetimewithsavings.●Tellapartaplanfromaha

bit.Wemadeplanswithaconsciousmind，andhabitsareformedsothateventuallytheyaredealtwithbyoursubconsciousmin

d；andtheystick.Sodon'tbeinarushtoinvest(投资)yourmoney.Gowithasystematicinvestmentplan(SIP)ofamutualfundorstartarecurringdeposit(RD)．Ashuma

nbeings，wewanttoprogress.18●Getyourfamily'ssupport.19Ifyourdaughterknowsthatshecanonlyeatoutoneweekendamonthbecauseyo

uareputtingmoneyawayforaEuropeantripin2018，shewillbemuchmorecooperativeandfeelsheisapartofthedecision.●20Linkyourinvestmenttoaparticularfinancialgoa

l；yourcommitmenttoitwillbestronger.AclientdecidedtoopenaRD，butsheseemeddirectionlessaboutthe5investment.Onc

ewesuggestedthatshelinkittoherdaughter'seducationfund，sheimmediatelyincreasedtheamountshewasinvesting.Whenyounameyourinvestment，thegoalt

akesonagreatermeaning.A．Giveyourgoalameaning.B．Butsoonthecharmdiesdown，andsodoestheenthusiasm.C．It'sagoodideatoin

volveyourfamilyinyourfinancialplan.D．Lookatthemasapromisetoyourself，apromisethatneedstobehonored.E．Isuggestedthatshesethera

larmfor5minutesbeforeherregulartime.F．Ifyouknowthiswellinadvance，youarelesslikelytobuyanexpensivemobileph

oneonanurge.G．Onceahabitisformed，wewanttomoveaheadandwillmostprobablyincreasetheinvestmentamountwithoutanyencouragement.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何养成良好的理财

习惯。16．B[空处上文提到是时候做个理财计划了，但是很多计划是在极度兴奋的情况下做出的；空处下文提到下文是一些帮助你坚持自己的计划的建议，因此可知，B项“但是很快(计划的)魅力逐渐消失，热情也是如此”符合语境。]17．E[本句承上启下。空前讲作者

看到一位同事失望的表情；且根据空后的“如果她考虑每隔十天把闹钟提前五分钟的话”可知，空处就是作者的建议，因此E项与此处匹配。]18．G[根据本段标题Tellapartaplanfromahabit可知，本段讲要区分开计划和习惯，G项“一旦形

成一个习惯，我们就想前进，并且不用任何激励就很可能提升投资量”符合语境。G项中的moveahead也与progress呼应。]19．C[根据本段标题Getyourfamily'ssupport和空后的Ifyourdaughterkn

ows可推知，此处表示“让家人加入到理财计划中是个好主意”，故C项与此处匹配。]20．A[本空为段落标题。根据下文的aparticularfinancialgoal及所举例子可知，有了理财目标还不够，需要给它一个意义。因此A项能够概括该段。]EAreyouh

appy?Therearesomanyfactorstoconsiderwhenansweringthatquestion.Butherewearegoingtofocusonthefourthingsyoucandotoimproveyourhap

piness.21Humanshaveevolvedtofocusonthenegative(消极的)．Ifweoverlearnabadsituation，we'remorereadytoavoidthosesituationsinthefuture

.But，thatisn'talwayshelpfulinamodernworld.Whensomethingbadhappens，wetendtooveranalyzeandhavetroublegettingourmindoffit.22Alittl

eself-investigation(自我调查)canhelpusgetoverthethoughtsthatjustwon'tleaveourheadsotherwise.Forgiveyourself.Ifyou'resympatheticandsupportiveofotherp

eople，whyshouldn'tyougiveyourselfthesametreatment?Thiscanbeadifficultconceptforthosewhobeatthemselvesupwhenthey

failedtodosomething.Trywritingyourselfaletterof6sympathyjustasyouwoulddotoaneighbororfriendwhohadexperiencedahardship.23Moneyhelps，butonlytoapoint

.Astudyfromafewyearsagoclearlynamedtheamountofmoneyatwhichhappinessreachesthehighestpoint:$75,000peryear.24Studieshavesh

ownthisispossibleineverytypeofjob.Buymoretime.Ifgiventhechoicebetweenbuyingmaterialthingsandbuyingservicesthatsaveyour

time，youmightwanttothinkaboutthetimesavers.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhospentmoneyonconvenienceslikeorderingtakeoutfordinneror

gettingacabwerehappierthanthosewhodidn't.25Yes，thisispermissiontoorderapizzafordinnertonight.A．Defeatyournegativethinking.B．

Tohelpothersistohelpyourself.C．Ifyoucanaffordit，buyyourselfsomeextra.D．Theconceptisthesame，onlythereceiverisyou.E．Thetricktoavoidin

gterriblethingsistochallengeournegativethoughts.F．Happinessisfairtoeveryoneandthekeytothisishowyouunderstandit.G．Amorehelpfulwa

ytolookatthisideaistofindpurposeandmeaningatwork.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。幸福是每个人所追求的，但得到幸福是不易的，本文从几个方面介绍了人们可以获得幸福的小法则。21．A[根据

空处的位置可知，此处应是小标题，第二段主要介绍了要克服对负面的过度关注，人们才能获得幸福，因此A项Defeatyournegativethinking符合语境。]22．E[根据空处前一句和空处后一句介绍摆脱这些消极想法的方法可知，E项“避开这些糟糕事情的窍门在于去挑战我们的消极思想”符合语

境。]23．D[根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲的是对自己适当宽容一些，再根据空处前一句可知，此处是在说像对待他人一样，给自己写一封慰问信，而D项与该段落主旨吻合。]24．G[根据该段小标题以及本段中的最后一句可知G项符合语境。另外，G项中的work

和最后一句中的job相呼应，也是提示。]25．C[本段主要围绕为能节省时间的服务付钱，能让自己拥有更多的时间，C项表示如果你能负担得起这种服务，给自己买回更多的时间吧，与主旨吻合。]