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1专题限时集训(十二)阅读七选五之说明文(Ⅱ)A(2018·安徽省知名师范高中质检)Itisveryimportantforkidstobecourageous.Abravechildismorelikelytowithstandnegativepeerpressure，saynototem

ptations(诱惑)andfightthegoodfight.1Itboostskids'resilience(适应力)，confidenceandwillpoweraswellastheirlearning，performanceand

schoolengagement.Hereareseveralwaystodevelopkids'courage：Setamodelofcourage，kidswhowatchtheirparentssticktheirnecksouttodotherightthing

aremorelikelytodothesame.2Thenexpresshowgooditfeelswhenyouconqueryourfearsinsteadoftakingashortcut.Yourkidswilllearnhowtotakeonthetoughchallengeth

eyfacebywitnessinghowyoutackleyourfears.3Researchfindsthatkidsaremorelikelytobecourageousiftheybelievethattheirparentsencouragethemtosupportthosei

nneed，discussbraverywithyourkids:tellthem“Courageismakingthechoicetodowhatyouknowisrightevenifyouareafraid.”Askyourkid

stosharetheiractsofbravery.Learningtobebravetakespractice，soencourageyourchildrentodosomethingcourageousever

yday.4AmomItalkedtohadherkidssharetheirbravedeedsatdinnertime.Teachyourkidshowtoreducetheirfears.Ifnotkeptunderc

ontrol，fearscanbepowerful.5Youmightencouragepositiveself-talk，suchassaying“Icanhandlethis”or“Ihavecouragetodothis”．Orteachyourchildren

totakeslow，deepbreathstofindcourage.A．Talkaboutvaluesandcourage.B．Couragehasothersurprisingbenefits.C．Thegoodnewsist

hatcouragecanbetaught.D．Teachyourchildrensimplestrategiestobebrave.E．Letyourchildrenseeyoustepoutofy

ourcomfortzone.F．Intoday'suncertainworld，kidswillneedcourageandconfidence.G．Thentaketimetofocusontheircourag

eousbreakthroughs.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个培养孩子勇气的方法。1．B[根据上文可知，一个勇敢的孩子更能承受压力、拒绝诱惑，更能够为了信仰和原则而斗争；根据空处后一句可知，勇气能提高孩子的适应力、信心和毅力。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明勇气

还有其他的益处，故选B。]2．E[本段讲述榜样的作用。根据空处后一句可知，要向你的孩子表达克服恐惧而非走捷径的感觉是多么棒。据此可以判断，空处说明要让你的孩子看到你走出舒适区，故选E。]3．A[根据位置可知，该空为该段的主题句。通读该段内容，尤其是该段最后一句可2知，

要与你的孩子讨论勇气，告诉他们勇气是即使你害怕也选择去做你认为正确的事。据此可知，该段主要陈述培养勇气的方法：和孩子讨论价值观和勇气，故选A。]4．G[根据空处后一句可知，一位“我”与之交谈过的母亲让她的孩子晚饭时分享他们自己的勇敢行为。据此可知，空处陈述与此对应的父母的做法：要花时间专注于孩子的

勇敢突破，故选G。]5．D[根据空处后一句可知，你可能会鼓励孩子进行积极的自我对话，比如说，“我可以处理这件事”或“我有勇气做这件事”。据此可以判断，空处是说要教会你的孩子变得勇敢的一些简单的方法，故选D。]B(2018·广州市调研测试)Ch

inahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld'sgreatestinventions.Itwas，forexample，thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Be

foretheinventionofpapermoneyandcoins，peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.6Thisexchangeofgoodsandservi

cesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.7In1200BC，peopleinChinabegantouseshells(贝壳)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysm

all.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowedfortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartso

fthecountry.Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.8Thenextdevelopmentwasin1000BC，whenChinastartedm

akingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn'tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.9By500BC，metalcoinshadb

eguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanEmpire.About1,000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806AD，thefirstpaperbankn

oteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople.10A．Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.B．However，aseconomiesdeveloped，suchexchangesbecameimpr

actical.C．ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.D．Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.E．Astimewentby，tradebetweencountr

iesincreased.F．Duringthattime，forexample，buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.G．Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstr

ingthemtogether.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发展的历史。6．F[根据空前的“peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling”及空后的“Thisexchangeo

fgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的buyingachicken3mightcostseveralpotatoes是“物物交换”的一个例子，符合题意，

故选F。]7．B[本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的句子可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的suchexchanges与第一段最后一句中的Thisexchange相呼应，

且B项中的However以及impractical表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，故选B。]8．D[根据第二段内容及空前的“manyothercountriesaroundthewor

ldbegantodothesame”可知，许多其他国家也开始这样做了。todothesame指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合题意，故选D。]9．G[根据空前的句子可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根据空后的句子可知，到公元

前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因，故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。]10．C[根据空前的句子可知，此处讲到了纸币首先由中国人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密，故选C。]

C(2018·呼和浩特市调研考试)HowtoCalmDownatWorkTheworkplacecanbeastressfulplace.Anxiety，conflict，badmanagementandoverworkcanleadtofrustrationandstres

s.11Keepsomethingyouliketolookatwithinsight.Aphotoofalovedoneorafavoritepersonalsouveniristhebestexample.Keepsuchanite

msomewhereyoucanglanceatitwheneveryouwishtodoso.12Takeamomenttoengageinexercise.Ifyou'reunabletoleaveyourworkarea，standand

stretchforamoment.Muscletensionexercisescanalsohelpyoucalmdown.13Forinstance，startbysqueezingallofyour

facemusclesastightlyasyoucanfortwentysecondsandslowlyreleasingthem.Writedownthereasonwhyyouareupset.14Gettingyour

thoughtsandfeelingsoutonpapercanhelpclarifytheissueyou'rehaving.Writingdownyourthoughtscanevenhelpyoude

terminethebestwaytoaddressyourfrustrationoranxietyandmoveforward.15Ifyouandanotherco-workerareconstantlyfrustratedwithonean

other，setupatimetospeakwithhimorher.Saysomethinglike，“Hey，Sarah，let'ssitdownsometimesoonandchattomakesurewe'reonthesamepageaboutourupcomingproje

ct.”A．Turntoyourworkmatesforhelp.B．Communicatewithyourworkmates.C．Avaseofflowersonyourdeskisanothergoodexa

mple.D．Focusononeparticularmuscleormusclegroupatatime.E．Herearethestepsyoucantaketohelpyoucalmdownatwork.F．Engageyourbodybyrolling

yourhead，shoulder，andankleswhilesitting.4G．Thebestwaytofigureoutexactlywhat'sbotheringyouistowriteitd

own.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了能帮助人在工作中镇静下来的一些方法。11．E[上文说工作场所可能是一个充满压力的地方，忧虑、冲突、糟糕的管理和过度工作可能会导致沮丧和压力。E项“这儿就有一些你可以采纳来帮助你在工

作中镇静下来的措施”与上文语义衔接且符合下文的叙述，故选E。]12．C[本段主要叙述的是放一些你喜欢的东西在视力范围内，而C项说在桌上放一瓶花就是另外一个好的例子，承接上文，故选C。]13．D[上文说肌肉伸展训练能够帮助你镇静下来，而D项说一

次关注一个特定(部位)的肌肉或肌肉群，前后语义衔接，故选D。]14．G[上文说写下你沮丧的原因，而G项说准确地弄清使你烦恼的原因的最好方法就是把它写下来，与上文逻辑一致，故选G。空前的writedown也是提示词。]

15．B[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句。本段讲的是如果你和你的同事一直对彼此感到失望，那就找些时间和你的同事交流一下。B项“与你的同事交流”概括准确，故选B。]D(2018·南宁二中、柳州高中两校联考)GoodMoneyHabitsIt'stherighttimeforafi

nancialplan.Mostplansaremadeinextremeexcitement—whenyougetapayrise，orafterreadingaself-helpbook.16Herearesometipsthatwill

helpyoustaythecourseallyearround.●Takebabysteps.Theotherdayacolleaguesaid，“Ihavedecidedtowakeupat6：30a．m.，startingtomorrow.”Butsheusual

lywokeupat8：30.Twohoursearlierisadifficulttask.AfterafewdaysIaskedherhowshewasprogressing.Herdisappointedsmilesaiditall.17Ifshehadcon

sideredpushingtheclockby5minutesevery10days，she'dreachher6：30a．m.goalineightmonths.Gettheidea?Nowsimplyreplacetimewith

savings.●Tellapartaplanfromahabit.Wemadeplanswithaconsciousmind，andhabitsareformedsothateventuallytheya

redealtwithbyoursubconsciousmind；andtheystick.Sodon'tbeinarushtoinvest(投资)yourmoney.Gowithasystematicinves

tmentplan(SIP)ofamutualfundorstartarecurringdeposit(RD)．Ashumanbeings，wewanttoprogress.18●Getyourfamily'ssup

port.19IfyourdaughterknowsthatshecanonlyeatoutoneweekendamonthbecauseyouareputtingmoneyawayforaEuropeantripin2018，shewillbemuchmorecooperativeandfee

lsheisapartofthedecision.●20Linkyourinvestmenttoaparticularfinancialgoal；yourcommitmenttoitwillbestronger.Ac

lientdecidedtoopenaRD，butsheseemeddirectionlessaboutthe5investment.Oncewesuggestedthatshelinkittoherda

ughter'seducationfund，sheimmediatelyincreasedtheamountshewasinvesting.Whenyounameyourinvestment，thegoaltakesonagreatermeaning.A．Giveyo

urgoalameaning.B．Butsoonthecharmdiesdown，andsodoestheenthusiasm.C．It'sagoodideatoinvolveyourfamilyinyourfinancialplan.D．Lookatthemasapromisetoyou

rself，apromisethatneedstobehonored.E．Isuggestedthatshesetheralarmfor5minutesbeforeherregulartime.F．Ifyouknowthiswellina

dvance，youarelesslikelytobuyanexpensivemobilephoneonanurge.G．Onceahabitisformed，wewanttomoveaheadandwillmostprobablyincreas

etheinvestmentamountwithoutanyencouragement.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何养成良好的理财习惯。16．B[空处上文提到是时候做个理财计划了，但是很多计划是在极度兴奋的情况下做出的；空处下文提到下文是一些帮助你坚持自己的计划的建议，因此可

知，B项“但是很快(计划的)魅力逐渐消失，热情也是如此”符合语境。]17．E[本句承上启下。空前讲作者看到一位同事失望的表情；且根据空后的“如果她考虑每隔十天把闹钟提前五分钟的话”可知，空处就是作者的建议，因此E项与此处匹配。]18．G[根据本段标题Tellapart

aplanfromahabit可知，本段讲要区分开计划和习惯，G项“一旦形成一个习惯，我们就想前进，并且不用任何激励就很可能提升投资量”符合语境。G项中的moveahead也与progress呼应。]19．C[根据本段标题Getyour

family'ssupport和空后的Ifyourdaughterknows可推知，此处表示“让家人加入到理财计划中是个好主意”，故C项与此处匹配。]20．A[本空为段落标题。根据下文的aparticularfinancial

goal及所举例子可知，有了理财目标还不够，需要给它一个意义。因此A项能够概括该段。]EAreyouhappy?Therearesomanyfactorstoconsiderwhenansweringthat

question.Butherewearegoingtofocusonthefourthingsyoucandotoimproveyourhappiness.21Humanshaveevolvedto

focusonthenegative(消极的)．Ifweoverlearnabadsituation，we'remorereadytoavoidthosesituationsinthefuture.But，thatisn'talwayshelpfulinamodernworld.Wh

ensomethingbadhappens，wetendtooveranalyzeandhavetroublegettingourmindoffit.22Alittleself-investigation(自我调查)canhelpusgetoverthethoughts

thatjustwon'tleaveourheadsotherwise.Forgiveyourself.Ifyou'resympatheticandsupportiveofotherpeople，whysho

uldn'tyougiveyourselfthesametreatment?Thiscanbeadifficultconceptforthosewhobeatthemselvesupwhentheyfailedtodosomething.Trywritingyourselfaletter

of6sympathyjustasyouwoulddotoaneighbororfriendwhohadexperiencedahardship.23Moneyhelps，butonlytoapoint.Astudyfro

mafewyearsagoclearlynamedtheamountofmoneyatwhichhappinessreachesthehighestpoint:$75,000peryear.24Studieshave

shownthisispossibleineverytypeofjob.Buymoretime.Ifgiventhechoicebetweenbuyingmaterialthingsandbuyingservicesthatsaveyourtime，youmightwa

nttothinkaboutthetimesavers.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhospentmoneyonconvenienceslikeorderingtakeoutfordinnerorgett

ingacabwerehappierthanthosewhodidn't.25Yes，thisispermissiontoorderapizzafordinnertonight.A．Defeatyournegativethinking.B．Tohelpothersistohelpyour

self.C．Ifyoucanaffordit，buyyourselfsomeextra.D．Theconceptisthesame，onlythereceiverisyou.E．Thetricktoavoidingterriblethingsistochallengeournegativetho

ughts.F．Happinessisfairtoeveryoneandthekeytothisishowyouunderstandit.G．Amorehelpfulwaytolookatthisideaistofindpurposeandmeaningatwo

rk.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。幸福是每个人所追求的，但得到幸福是不易的，本文从几个方面介绍了人们可以获得幸福的小法则。21．A[根据空处的位置可知，此处应是小标题，第二段主要介绍了要克服对负面的过度关注，人们才能获得幸福，因此A项Defeatyournegativethinking符合

语境。]22．E[根据空处前一句和空处后一句介绍摆脱这些消极想法的方法可知，E项“避开这些糟糕事情的窍门在于去挑战我们的消极思想”符合语境。]23．D[根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲的是对自己适当宽容一些，再根据空处前一句可知，此

处是在说像对待他人一样，给自己写一封慰问信，而D项与该段落主旨吻合。]24．G[根据该段小标题以及本段中的最后一句可知G项符合语境。另外，G项中的work和最后一句中的job相呼应，也是提示。]25．C[本段主要围绕为能节省时间的服务付钱，能让

自己拥有更多的时间，C项表示如果你能负担得起这种服务，给自己买回更多的时间吧，与主旨吻合。]