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1专题限时集训(十一)阅读七选五之说明文(Ⅰ)A(2018·吉林省调研考试)Nowadaysmoreandmorechildrennowchatdailyeitheronlineorthroughth

eirmobilephones.1Someareshy“inreallife”butareconfidenttocommunicatewithothersonline；othersfindsupportfrompeop

leoftheirownageonrelationshipissues，orproblemsathome.Sometimestheonlineworld，justliketherealworld，canintroduceproblems，suchasbullyingo

rarguments.2ButtherearealsoafewpeoplewhousetheInternetforoffensive(冒犯性的)orillegalaims.Childrenmustbemadeaw

areofboththegoodthingsandthedangers.3JustasyoudecidewhichTVprogramsaresuitable，youneedtodothesameforthewebsitesandchatroomsyourchild

renvisit.Remindyourchildrenthatonlinefriendsarestillstrangers.Remindingthemoftheriskswillkeepthemalert(警惕)．4Soit'slikelythatyourchildrenmayknow

morethanyoudo.Wegetleftbehindwhenitcomestothelatestgadgetsandtheinteractiveareasofwebsites，likechatroomsandmessageboar

ds，whichareespeciallystrange.5Chatterslovetouseabbreviations(缩写)suchas:atb—allthebest，bbfn—byebyefornow，gr8—great，Id

k—Idon'tknow，kit—keepintouch，paw—parentsarewatching，lol—laughoutloud.Itseemslikeanotherlanguage，anditis!A．Goingonlineisgreatfun.B．Com

puterstudiesarepartofschoolworknow.C．Thelanguageofchatisstrangetomanyparents，too.D．Therearesomewebsit

esthatarenotsuitableforchildren.E．Tokeepchildrensafe，yourmanagementmustcoverthefamilycomputer.F．Theyareconnectingtoahugenumberofotherchildr

enallovertheworld.G．SurfingtheInternettakestoomuchofthetimethatshouldbespentonlessons.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，越来越多的孩子使用网络或手机聊天，

作为家长应该怎样监督和引导孩子合理使用网络呢？文章对此作了介绍。1．F[上一句提到，越来越多的孩子使用网络或手机聊天，承接上文，应是“他们与全世界的很多其他孩子保持联系”，故选F。]2．A[关键词是后面的but，but后面介绍上网不好的一面，空格处应表示好的一面，故A项“上网非

常有趣”符合题意。]3．E[下一句提到，正如你决定哪个电视节目适合(孩子)一样，你必须对你孩子访问的聊天室和网站做同样的选择。故E项“为了确保孩子安全，你要管理好家里的电脑”符合题意。]4．B[下一句提到，因此你的孩子对网络的了解

比你还多。那么该空应该解释其原因，2故B项“计算机学习是学校教学的一部分”符合题意。]5．C[下文列举的是孩子们在网上聊天时用的一些奇怪的语言，故C项“聊天语言对很多家长来说也是很奇怪的”符合题意。]B(2018·东莞市质检)WaystoTakeMoreVegetablesintoy

ourMealsRecently，anincreasingnumberofhealthproblemsamongpeoplehavebeenreported.Surveysshowthatmostofusge

taroundtwotothreekindsofvegetablesaday，fallingfarshortofthefivekindsthatnutritionexpertsadvise.6Sneakvegetablesintobreakfasta

ndlunchOnereasonwedon'tgetenoughvegetablesisthatmanyofusconsiderthemmerelyasarelyasidedishtodinner.7FollowthegoldenruleHa

lfofyourdinnerplateshouldbefilledwithvegetables.8Thisistheperfectlybalanceddinner，accordingtoexperts.9Halfacucumber，awholetomat

o，oralong，freshcarrotarejustaspleasanttoeatasanapple.Itmayseemunusual，butwhocares?Awholevegetablemakesaterrificsnack.

MoveyourvegetablestothetopshelfofthefridgeAslongasthey'rebaggedproperly，they'lllastaswellastheywouldinavegetablefreshco

ntainer.10Inparticular，keepquick-to-eatvegetablessuchasbabycarrots，tomatoesandcucumbersasaccessibleasp

ossible.GoexoticEveryweek，trytobuyaslightlyforeignvegetable，perhapssomethingthatyou'venevereatenbefore.A．EatvegetableslikefruitB．Takemoreunusualv

egetablesC．Moreimportantly，nowthey'llbeseeneasilyandattractive.D．Herearesomehealth-boostingwaystotakemorevegetablesintoyourdailydiet.E

．Thatleavesaquarteroftheplateforriceornoodlesandaquarterformealorfish.F．Ifyoureallywanttoeatmorevegetables，youcanals

oeatthematbreakfastandlunch.G．Whenyouwanttoeatmorevegetables，makesureyourfridgewillbefullofvegetables.【语篇解读】

本文为说明文，调查发现当今人们出现了越来越多的健康问题，这都与人们吃的蔬菜少有关。因此文中给出五条多吃蔬菜的建议。36．D[根据题目及下文中的5条建议可知，本句就是要给出“多吃蔬菜的方法”，分析七个选项可知D项(以下是一些促进健康，让你

每天吃更多蔬菜的方法)符合题意。]7．F[根据本节的小标题Sneakvegetablesintobreakfastandlunch(把蔬菜放入早餐和午餐中)可知F项(如果你真的想多吃蔬菜，你也可以在早餐和午餐中吃)与标题相符，故选F。]8．E[分析本节的小标题

Followthegoldenrule下的内容可知，据专家介绍，你的餐盘里的一半应该放满蔬菜，E项(剩下的四分之一是米饭或面条，另外四分之一是肉或鱼)符合题意。]9．A[根据结构可知，本题是小标题，分析本段内容可知，半个黄瓜，一个完整的西红柿，或者一个又长又新鲜的胡萝卜，和吃苹果一样好吃，故A项(

吃像水果的蔬菜)与题意相符。]10．C[根据小标题Moveyourvegetablestothetopshelfofthefridge(把你的蔬菜搬到冰箱的顶层架子上)，再分析本段可知，放在上面就是为了吸引你的注意力而去吃，因此C项(更重要的是，现在它们

看起来很容易吸引人)符合题意。]C(2018·兰州市第一中学模拟)Atwhatagedoesachildbecameanadult?11Hereareafewexamples.First，insomeNorthAmericanIndiancul

ture，aboybecameamanaroundtheageof13.Atthattime，hewouldgointothewoodsalone，withoutfoodorwater，forseveraldays.12Girlsbecameadultwomena

ssoonastheywereoldtohavebabies，alsoaroundtheageof12or13.IntheJewishreligion，childrenspendyearsstudyingtheirhistoryandreligio

n.Then，atageof13forboysand12forgirls，theygothroughanimportantreligiousceremony.13InJapantoday，youngpeoplebecomelegaladultatage20.Eachyea

ronJanuary15th，theycelebrate“Coming-of-AgeDay”，whenthe20-year-oldsinatownareinvitedtoattendtospecialceremo

ny.14Finally，intheUnitedStates，thepassageintoadulthoodtakesseveralyears.Americanteenagerslookforwardtotheir16thbirthdaybecauseinmoststa

testhatistheagewhencangetadriver'slicense.Thelegalageofadulthoodis18，whenAmericanscanvote，getmarriedandworkfull

-time.However，theymustwaituntilage21tobuyalcohol.15A．Manypeoplecelebratetheir21stbirthdaybyhavingadrinkwithfriendsinabar.B．It'shardt

oanswerthequestion.C．Theanswerdependsonyourcultureorreligion.D．Fromthatday，theyareadults，andtheybecomer

esponsiblefortheirownreligiousdevelopment.E．Whenhereturnedsafely，hebecameanadultman.4F．Theteenagersarenotallowedtodri

nkalcohol.G．Theyweartraditionalclothes，listentospeechesandvisitoldfriends.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，文章列举了不同国家不同文化背景对成年人的界定。11．C[上句讲

孩子在什么年龄叫成年人？下文是一些具体例子，不同国家有不同的划分标准。故C项(答案要根据不同的文化和地区而定)符合题意。]12．E[本段讲北美印第安人的习俗，男孩到了13岁就独自进入森林，在无食物和水的情况下待几天。E项(男孩安全回来后就成了男人)是其结论，故选E。]13．

D[本段讲在犹太地区，孩子们学习历史和宗教。男孩12岁女孩13岁时参加一次重要的宗教仪式。D项(从那天起他们就是成年人了，他们要对宗教发展负责任)是对上文情况的结论，故选D。]14．G[本段讲在日本，20岁成为法定成年人，每年1月15日参加专门的仪式。G项(他们穿着传统的服装，听演讲和拜访

老朋友)是仪式当天的活动，与上文衔接，故选G。]15．A[本段讲在美国不同年龄不同权利的界定，上句讲必须要等到21岁才能买酒，A项(许多人通过在酒吧和朋友喝酒来庆祝21岁生日)与上句衔接，故选A。]D(2018·云南师大附中模拟)16Thecruelreality：notverysa

fe，potentially.Despitethis，somesimplestepsaretomakeyouronlineexperiencesafe.Readontofindouttheeasiestwaystomakesureyourinf

ormationiskeptsafe.●Managepasswords.Constantlychangingyourpasswordhasalwaysbeenabasicformofprotection.17Firstpasswordsshouldneverincludeyour

personalinformation.Sostayawayfromnamesandbirthdates.Ideally，passwordsshouldcontaindifferentletters，randomnumbers.It'sbettertohavea

verystrong，longpasswordthatdoesn'thaveanypersonalinformation.●18Deceptivephishing(网络钓鱼)isoneofthemostco

mmontypesoftrick.It'sbesttoviewallemailswithcare.Hackerscanmakeemailslooklikerealcompanyemails.Thatcantrickreadersintoclickingo

ndangerouslinks.Ifdoingso，youcouldendupintroducingavirustoyourcomputeroraccidentallygivingsensitiveinformat

iontothewrongpeople.●Usetwo-factoridentification.Two-factoridentificationaddsasecondlevelofsecuritytoanac

count.It'sasecurityoptionthatrequiresapasswordaswellasanadditionalpieceofinformationonlytheuserwouldknow.Sometimes，it'sacodesenttoyourcellphonethat

hastobeenteredafterapassword.19●Updatedappsandoperatingsystemsareamust.Toooften，usersareunwillingtoupdatetheirmobiledevices.Itseemsthatupdatesonlych

angethewayyourphone'ssoftwarelooks.20●BecarefulwithpublicchargingstationsandWi-Fi.5ChargingstationsandWi-Fiareaconvenienceprovidedtothe

public，buttheycanbringrisksfortheymaybeconnectedtoanothercompromised(缺乏免疫力的)device.IfyouconnecttoWi-Fiandthenitasksyoutodownloadsome

thing，youshouldn'tdothat.A．Viewemailswithasharpeye.B．Infact，itcanmakeyourphoneworkfast，too.C．Whatshouldwedoto

keepourinformationsafe?D．Actually，theyoftencomewithsecurityimprovements.E．Theadditionalcharacteristiccankeepyourinformationmuchsafer.F．Hows

afeispersonalinformationonyourcomputerorcellphone?G．Butwhatpasswordstopickandhowtomanagethemreallymatter.【语篇解读】本文

为说明文，主要讲述了一些保护手机和电脑信息，防止信息被泄露的方法。16．F[根据空格后的回答Thecruelreality:notverysafe，potentially.“残酷的事实是网上信息和手机信息有潜在的泄露危险”可知F项“你的手机

电脑中信息有多安全？”符合题意。]17．G[空格前的句子说“经常换密码一直是一种基本保护形式”，空格后的句子说“密码设置时不要用姓名或生日”。因此，G项“密码的选择和管理至关重要”符合题意。]18．A[根据空格的位置得知属于小标题，

后面的句子It'sbesttoviewallemailswithcare.提示应选A项。]19．E[空格前的句子建议我们在设置密码时再添加一条只有自己知道的额外信息，空格处应是说明这样做的好处，故选E。]20．D[本节的小标题告诉我们要经常升级手机应用，

空格前的句子Itseemsthatupdatesonlychangethewayyourphone'ssoftwarelooks.，接下来应是说“其实还给予手机安全系统的提升”，故选D。]E(2018·合肥市联考)Ane

wreportsaysplasticsareresponsiblefor$13billionindamagetotheoceansandtheunderseaenvironment.Thefindingswereanno

uncedrecentlyataUnitedNationsconference.21.Plasticthrownawaycarelesslymakesitswayintoriversandotherwaterways.22.Afterawhile，itcollectsin

thesea.Andplasticnevergoesaway.Plasticisnotbiodegradable—destroyedbybacteriaornaturalprocesses.Instead，itjustbreaksupintosmallerpiecesov

ertime.Theoceanscontainalotofchemicalsandotherpollutants(污染物)．23.Thatmeansharmfulmaterialmaygetintoourfoodsupply.24.Humanbeingscausepollutionand

theycantakestepstostopit.Theycanusefewersingleuseproductcontainersandthrowplasticsawaycorrectly.Plasticrecyclingprogramsalsoworks—whereoldbottl

esandotherplasticsarecollected，brokendownandusedtomakenewproducts.Wecouldreusebottlesinourhouseholds6manytimesifwewishto，ratherthanendit

afterthefirstuse.Wecould，whenwegetridofthatplastic，recycleitandreuseit，whichreplacestheneedforrawmaterials.Thereportalsocallsonc

ompaniestoimprovemethodsforusingplastics.25.Anditcallsforinformationaboutthewayplasticisthrownoutorremovedfromuse.Byputti

nganewvalueonplastic，industryhasaspecialreasontocleanuptheenvironment.Butallofthecompaniesmustjointodealwiththeproblem.A．Then，fishmayeat

theplastics.B．Butpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.C．Plasticsshouldbegatheredtogetherandreused.D．Itisconvenienttouse

plasticbagsineverydaylife.E．Itasksforthemtobettermeasureandcontrolplasticuse.F．Theplasticeventuallyrea

chescoastalareasandoceanwaters.G．Thereporttellsaboutharmtosealifeandwhatmightbedonetoimprovethesituation.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，主要讲述

了塑料是如何进入海洋危害海洋生物和人类的，并呼吁人们和公司采取措施来保护我们的环境。21．G[上文提到在联合国的一次会议上提出了关于塑料污染海洋的报道，所以此句说明报道的内容，故选G。]22．F[根据上文的“makesitswayinto

riversandotherwaterways”及下文的“itcollectsinthesea”可知，这句话讲的是塑料最终进入了大海，故选F。]23．A[根据下文的“Thatmeansharmfulmaterialmaygetintoourfo

odsupply.”可知，我们的食物来源鱼类有可能吃到塑料，故选A。]24．B[根据下文可知，人类引起污染，也可以采取措施制止污染，所以此句应是转折，故选B。]25．E[根据前一句讲述“报道呼吁公司要改进塑料

的使用方法。”故E项“它要求他们更好地测量和控制塑料的使用。”承接上一句，E项中的It代指前一句提到的Thereport。]