【文档说明】高考英语一轮复习知识点教案：直接引语和间接引语.doc，共(5)页，33.000 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

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直接引语与间接引语DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech直接引语:直接引用别人的原话称为直接引语，被引用的原话需要加引号，如：Hesaid,“Iamastudent.”间接引语:用自己的话来转述别人说话的内容称为间接引语，间接引语不用引号，如：Hesaid

thathewasastudent.一、不同句子类型的直接引语如何转变成间接引语1、直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）如：Hesaid,“Ilikeartverymuch.”H

esaid(that)helikedartverymuch.2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主语在谓语前面），句末用句号。主句中

的谓语动词是said时，需改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me、him或us等）如：Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIwasinterestedinEngli

sh.如果是表示请求的一般疑问句，可以不用复合句结构，而改用asksb.todosth.的复合结构，这时常把said改为asked,原句中的动词变为to+V-原。如：“Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow？”Heaskedmetoopenthewind

ow.3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主语在谓语前面），句末用句号，如：“WhatcanIdoforyou?”Heasked(me)whathecoulddoforme.4、直接引语如果是祈使句：

4.1表示请求的祈使句、一般疑问句转换成间接引语时，可不用复合句结构，而改用asksb.todosth.的复合结构。这时，常把said改为asked,原句中的动词改为to+V-原，如：“Jack，pleasehelpme

withmyhomework.”Marysaid.MaryaskedJacktohelpherwithherhomework.“Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?”Shesaid.Sheaskedmetoopenthewindow.4.2表示命

令的祈使句转变成间接引语时通常改用told/orderedsb.(not)todosth.的复合结构。这时，原句中的谓语动词said、asked常改为told或ordered,如：“Don’tsmokeinth

eroom.”hesaidtome.Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.二、人称的变化遵循“一主二宾三不变”的原则，如：Hesaid,“Ihaveleftyourbookinhisroom.”Hetoldmethathehadleftmybooki

nhisbedroom.三、如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语改为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化：1、一般现在时要改为一般过去时Hesaid,“IamafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecould

n’tfinishthework.2、现在进行时要改为过去进行时Hesaid,“Iamusingtheknife.”Hesaidhewasusingtheknife.3、一般将来时要改为过去将来时Shesaid,

“Iwilldoitafterclass.”Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.4、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时要改为过去完成时Hesaid,“Icametohelp

you.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”Shesaidthatshehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Hesai

d,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.四、从句时态不用改变的几种情况：1、直接

引语是客观真理、名人名言或谚语时，如：Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.“A

friendinneedisafriendindeed.”Mothersaidtome.Mothertoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.2、直接引语的谓语动词是一般现在

时，如：Hesays,“Iamastudent.”Hesaysheisastudent.3、直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，如：Hesaid,“Ijoinedthearmyin1934.”Hesaidthathejoinedthearmyin1934.4、直接

引语有以since或when引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓语动词则要改为过去完成时，如：Hesaid,“Ihavelearnt2000EnglishwordssinceIwas13yearsold.”Hesaidhehadlearnt2000

Englishwordssincehewas13yearsold.五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1、this变为that:Shesaid,“I’llfinishtheworkthismorning.”Shesaidshewouldfinishthe

workthatmorning.2、these变为those:Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.3、now变为then:Hesaid,

“It’snineo’clocknow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.4、today变为thatdaytonight变为thatnight:Hesaid,“Ihaven’ts

eenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.5、yesterday变为thedaybefore:Hesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadgonetherethedaybefore.6、lastn

ight变为thenightbeforelastweek变为theweekbeforelastmonth变为themonthbeforelastyear变为theyearbefore:Hesaid,“Isawhimlastnight.”Hesa

idthathehadseenhimthenightbefore.7、tomorrow变为thenext/followingdaynextweek/month/year变为thenext/follolwingweek/month/year:Hesaid,“I’llgot

heretomorrow.”Hesaidthathewouldgotherethenext/followingday.8、ago变为before:Shesaid,“Heleft30minutesago.”Shetoldmethathehadleft30minutesbefore.9、

here变为there:Hesaid,“Mysisterwashereoneweekago.”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeenthereoneweekbefore.10、come变为gobring变为take:Shesaid,“I’ll

comeherethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.如果在当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go、bring不必改为tak

e,如果在当天转述yesterday、tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。