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定语从句A、TheAttributiveClause(介词preposition、关系代词relativepronoun、关系副词relativeadverb)定语从句:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被

定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面，定语从句可以由关系代词that、which、who(宾格whom、所有格whose)和关系副词where、when、why引导；关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语，它们在复合句中起连接主从句的

作用。一、关系词的选用1、当先行词是人时，用关系代词who、whom、that引导定语从句，如：Theforeignerwho/thatvisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(作从句主语，不能

省略)Theperson(who/whom/that)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Green.(作从句宾语，可以省略)2、当先行词是物时，用关系代词which、that引导定语从句，如：Theyplantedthetreeswhich/thatdidn’tneedmuchwa

ter.(作从句主语，不能省略)Thefish(which/that)weboughtwerenotfresh.(作从句宾语，可以省略)3、当从句主语与先行词（可以是人也可以是物）存在从属关系时，用关系代词whoseIknowtheboywhosearticleisve

rygood.Iliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.4、当先行词是时间时，用关系副词when(=atthattime)来引导IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.5、当先行词是地点时，用关系

副词where(=atthatplace)来引导Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.6、当先行词为reason时,用关系副词why来引导，如：Hecouldn’tgiveth

eteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.7、先行词为地点、时间时，选用关系代词或关系副词，要看它在从句中作何种成分，如：ThisisthehousewhereIlived(vi.不及物动词)lastyear.(在从句中作状语)Thisistheho

usewhichwasbuilt(vt.及物动词)lastyear.(在从句中作主语)Nowitisautumnwhenweheldasportsmeet.(作状语)Nowitisautumnwhichisthethirdseasonofth

eyear.(which在定语从句中作主语应该使用关系代词which或that)二、介词的提前如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，它所接的介词可以放在从句中相关动词的后面，也可以把它提到关系代词的前面，此

时，先行词为人时介词后面用关系代词whom,先行词为物时，介词后用关系代词which,即：介词+关系代词（是人时用whom,是物时用which）Iknowtheman(who/whom/that)Jimistalkingto.=Ik

nowthemantowhomJimistalking.Thisistheroom(which/that)Iusedtolivein.=ThisistheroominwhichIusedtolive.三、介词的确定“介词+关系代词（whom、wh

ich）”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：1、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词ThemantowhomIspokeismyteacher.(speakto)Thewestlake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,

isabeautifulplace.(befamousfor)2、根据先行词来确定介词Ineverforgotthedaysdurigwhichwelivedandworkedtogether.(du

ringthedays)3、根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词Air,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如：takecareof、lo

okfor、lookafter等。四、关系代词不能用that的情况：1、介词+关系代词时，不能用thatThisistheroominwhich(不能用that)LuXunlived.2、非限制性定语从句Hehasadaughter,who(不能用that)worksin

ahospital.3、先行词是that时，为了避免重复，不用thatTheclockisthatwhich(不能用that)tellsthetime.五、关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况：1、定语从句的先行词同时有人又有物时，如：The

ytalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberintheolddays.2、先行词是theone、all、much、little、few、none、everything、anything、nothing等不定

代词时，如：IsthereanythingelsethatIcandoforyou?Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.3、先行词是数词时，如：Lookattheseflowers.Youcan

seethetwothatyougaveme.4、先行词被序数词（含last）或形容词最高级修饰时，如：ThisisthelastlessonthatMr.Greentaughtus.Itisthemostimportanttaskthatshould

befinishedsoon.5、先行词被all、no、only、oneof、some、any、few、little、much、very等修饰时，如：Ihavereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.6、先行词在主句中作表语或关系代词在从

句中作表语，该关系代词要用that，而不用which,如：Itisabookthatwillhelpyoualot.Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.7、先行词是who、which开头时，为了避免重复，如：Whoisthema

nthatshookhandswithyoujustnow?Whichisthebookthatyouwanttoborrowfromme.六、以as引导的定语从句1、引导限制性定语从句，用于such…as…；thesame…as…；asmany/much…as…结构中：Such

booksasyouboughtareuseless.Asmanymembersaswerepresentagreedtotheplan.Ilovesuchpeopleasloveme.2、引导限制性定语从句，as=which/thatis,如：Engli

shasspokeninAustraliaisslightly(轻微的)differentfromBritishEnglish.3、引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句的位置可以在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。（which引导

非限制性定语从句不能放于句首）Asisoftenthecase（情况）,Marywaslateforschool.Asweallknow,lighttravelsmuchfasterthansoundintheair.七、以but引导的定语从句，but=who…not

…或that…not…,如：Thereisnomanbutwouldbesurprisedatthenews.=Thereisnomanthatwouldn’tbesurprisedatthenews.Thereisnoonebutwishespeace.=Thereisno

onethatdoesn’twishpeace.八、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。主从句一般不用逗号隔开，如：Heisamanwhocanhelpme.Howdoyouapolo

gisetoyourfriendwhosebikeyoulost？2非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉主句的意思仍然很清楚，主从句一般用逗号隔开，如：LiLei,whosefat

herisaworker,ismybestfriend.Lijiang,whereIwasborn,isverybeautiful.九、补充说明材料：1、系表结构=连系动词+表语（即连系动词后面的成分，adj.或n.或介词短语等）2、连系

动词：A、be动词（am、is、are）表达“是”的意思时，如：Heisastudent.B、感官动词（look、seem、taste、smell、feel等），如：Ifeelcold.C、表示变化的

词（get、turn、become、go等），如：Hebecameourmonitorlastterm.D、表示状态的词（keep、stay、remain等），如：Foralongtime,thelanguageinAmericastayedth

esame.十、关系副词=介词+关系代词Thisistheroomwhereshedidherhomework.=Thisistheroominwhichshedidherhomework.1958wastheyearwhenSpielbergm

adehisfirstrealfilm.=1958wastheyearinwhichSpielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm.