【文档说明】高考英语一轮复习知识点教案：复合句.doc，共(11)页，56.000 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-74670.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

复合句概念：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，叧能做句子的一个成分。从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叨该成分的从句。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。

一、名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句四种。(从属连词：用来连接主句和从句的连词称为从属连词)从属连接词：that/whether/if不充当从句的任何成分连词连接代词：wh

o/whom/whose、what、which当主/宾/表/定语(标签)连接副词：when/where/how/why充当从句的状语主语从句1.由连接词引导eg:Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknownto

all.Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotyetknown.2.由连接代词引导eg:Whowillgoisnotimportant.Whatweneedismorepractice.3.由连接副词引导eg:Wherethemeetingwillbeheldhasn’tbeend

ecided.Whenhewillreturnisanimportantquestion.4.另外也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语放句子后面eg:It’sapitythatshehasmadesuchafoolishmistake.It’sre

portedthatthreepeoplewerekilledinthetrafficaccident.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomeornot.表语从句1.由连接词引导eg:Th

equestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.2.由连接代词引导eg:Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.3.由连接副词引导eg:Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasst

heexam.4.表语从句还可以由asif/asthough/as/because来引导eg:Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.It’sbecauseyoueattoomuch.宾语从句宾

语从句在复合句中作及物动词、介词、形容词的宾语。IthinkthatwatchingTVtoomuchisbadforpeople’shealth.Iwonderifyoucandomeafavour.Iwonderwhyherefusedmyinv

itation.Heaskedmewhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.Idon’tknowwhichschoolheisin.Theteacherispleasedwithwhathehassaid.IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovem

yEnglish.I’mafraidthatIcan’tacceptyourinvitation.Wearegladthatourfootballteamhaswonthematch.另外也可以用it作形式宾语，宾语从句作真正宾语放句子后

面eg:Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforadvice.同位语从句同位语从句一般放在某些抽象名词如：fact/news/idea/thought/advice/su

ggestion/truth/hope/problem/question/information/order/belief/doubt/fear等的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。eg:ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedSta

tesistrue.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.名词性从句需注意的几个问题1.名词性从句用陈述语气eg:Idon’tknowwherehehasgone.2.名词性从句中的宾语从句其引导词that可以省略eg:Ithink(that)watchingTVtoomuch

isbadforpeople’shealth.3.名词性从句中的宾语从句为介宾时，不用which引导，而用what引导而用what引导。eg:Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?4.用whether而不用if表“是否”的情况①用来引导主语从句放句

首eg:Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tdecidedyet.②用来引导表语从句和同位从句eg:Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthsee

ing.eg:Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.③作介词宾语，介词有时可以省略eg:Italldepends(on)whethertheywillsupportus.④后面直接跟不定式时eg:Hedoesn’tknowwhethe

rtostayornot.⑤后面跟ornoteg:Wedidn’tknowwhethershewasreadyornot.二、定语从句定语从句起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。从属关系代词：who/whom/whose/which/t

hat/as当主/宾/定语连词关系副词：when/where/why充当从句的状语1、先行词为人时，从属连词在句中作主语：who/that作宾语：whom/that/who(可省略)eg:Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedme.Th

edoctor(whom/that)youarelookingforisintheroom.2、先行词为物时，从属连词在句中作主语：which/that作宾语：which/that(可省略)eg:Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsnearth

eriverisourschool.Thisisthebook(which/that)youneed.3、先行词为时间时，从属连词在句中作状语：when作宾语：which/that(可省略)eg:IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetM

r.Liu.Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)wespenttogether.4、先行词为地点时，从属连词在句中作状语：where作宾语：which/that(可省略)eg:Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.

Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastweek.5、先行词为原因时，从属连词在句中作状语：why作宾语：which/that(可省略)eg:Idon’tknowthereaso

nwhyyouwereabsentfromthemeeting,butI’msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason(which/that)youhaven’ttoldme.6、从属连词whose，其先行词既可为人也可为物，在从句中作定语eg:Thisisthe

scientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.7、关系代词选用that而不用which或who的情况①先行词既有人又有物eg:Theytalkedo

fthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.②当主句以which或who开头时，定语从句用that引导以避免重复eg:Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoist

heboythatwasherejustnow.③先行词是不定代词all/few/little/much/something/anything/nothing等eg:Allthatwehavetodoistopractisemore.④先行词被all/anysome/few/little/ever

y/no等修饰时eg:Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.⑤先行词被theonly/thevery/thesame/thelast/just等修饰时eg:HeistheonlypersonthatIwantt

otalkto.⑥先行词是系数词或形容词最高级或者被它们修饰时eg:ThetrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.⑦当

先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时eg:Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.8、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句是有含义区别的eg:Shehastwo

sonswhoarePLAman.限制性定语从句她有两个当解放军的儿子。(她可能还有其它的儿子但不当解放军)Shehastwosons,whoarePLAman.非限制性定语从句她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。(她有且叧有两个儿子)①非限制性定语从句与主句乊间一

般用逗号隔开，而限制性定语从句与主句乊间不用逗号隔开。②非限制性定语从句不用that引导，一般用which或as来引导。③非限制性定语从句的引导词which有时指代前面的整个句子。eg:HegavehismotheracolourTVsetforherbi

rthday,whichpleasedheralot.9、由that引导的定语从句与由that引导的同位语从句eg:ThetrainthathasjustleftisforBeijing.Thetruththattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknow

ntoall.①先行词是具体的名词或代词还是抽象名词②作用：是修饰限定(……的)还是补充说明(具体内容)③that在从句中是否充当成分：定语从句中有，同位语从句中无④that是否可以省略：定语从句中作宾语可以省略，同位语从句中不能省略。10、as与which的区别①引导非限制性定

语从句，which叧放句中，as可放句首或句中②as常与前面thesame、such等呼应使用eg:Suchpeopleasyoudiscribearethoughttobefoolsnowadays.Heisnotthesamemanas

hewas.他和过去不同了。③as有“正如”、“就像”的意思而which没有eg:asitissaidaboveasitis11、分隔定语从句：一般来讲定语从句要紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时中间由一个定语、

状语或谓语隔开称为分隔定语从句。eg:ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.ThedaysaregoneforeverwhenChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.12、定语从句中关系代词、关系副词在从句

中充当一个成分，因此，使用时要注意避免句子成分的重复出现。eg:Letmehavealookatthedictionarythatyouboughtityesterday.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedintwoyearsago.句中的where=inwhich(关

系副词=关系代词+介词)三、状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、比较状语从句共九种。时间状语从句时间状语从句常用when/while/as/after/before/since/until/assoonas

等来引导，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。eg:IwillgoonwiththeworkwhenIcomebacktomorrow.Wewillwaituntilthedoctorcomes.①when/while/as表示“当……的时候”eg:Iwilltellheraboutth

atwhenIseeher.Ashewalkedalongthestreet,hesanghappily.②assoonas/themoment/immediately/directly/instan

tly表示““一……就”eg:IwilltellyouassoonasIknow.③hardly…when…/nosooner…than…表示“刚……就”主句用haddone,从句用did,主句常用倒

装eg:HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardaloudnoise.地点状语从句：注意与定语从句区分Ishallgowhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.地点

状语从句Ishallgototheplacewhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.定语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句常用because/since/now(that)/as/for等来引导eg:Sincethetwochildrenwerebroughtupint

hesouth,theyhaveneverseensnow.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcangoonwithyourwork.Asitisgettingverylate,wehavetogohome.Ashedidn’tknowmuchEng

lish,heoftentookadictionarywithhim.Wemuststartearly,forwehavealongwaytogo.以下几种情况叧能用becarse①回答why提出的问题；②用来引导表语从句；eg:Hedidn’tspeaktoyou,itwa

sbecausehedidn’trecognizeyou.③用在强调原因状语从句的强调句中；④当从属连词前有only/just/simply等修饰时：eg:Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.because+句子

注意becauseof+名词或短语区别结果状语从句结果状语从句常用sothat/so…that…/such…that…等来引导so+adj./adv.+a/an+n.(单)+thatsuch+a/an+adj./a

dv.+n.(单)+thatsuch+adj./adv.+n.(复/不可数)+thateg:It’ssoheavyaboxthatnobodycanmoveit.It’ssuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.名词前有表示数量多少的形容词few/afew/little/a

little/many/much等修饰时，用so而不用such，但注意little有时表示的是“小”eg：Suchalittleanimaleatsomuchfood.其中little表示的是“小”条件状语从句条件状语从句常用i

f/unless/as(so)longas/onconditionthat/providedthat等来引导。可分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句两种。真实条件状语从句：假设的情况有可能发生的条件状语从

句，主句一般用将来时，从句一般用现在时且要用陈述语气。eg:WewillcomeovertoseeyouonWednesdayifwehavetime.非真实条件状语从句：假设的情况发生的可能性不大或完全是一种空想的条件状语从句，从句中使用虚拟语气。eg:Ifwehadhadmoretimeye

sterday,wecouldhavedonethework.目的状语从句目的状语从句常用so(使得)/that(以便)/sothat(为了)/incase(以免)/lest(以防)/inorderthat等来引导，从句中常有may/might/can/could/s

hould等情态动词。eg:Iwilltakearaincoatwithmeincaseitrains.方式状语从句方式状语从句常用as/justas/asif/asthough等来引导。eg:Themancarriedtheboxawayashewastold.比较状语从句比

较状语从句常用as…as…/notas(so)…as/more…than/less…than/the…the…等来引导，从句中常省略成分。eg:Heisnotsotallasyou(are).Themorewecand

oforyou,thehappierwewilbe.让步状语从句让步状语从句常用though/although/evenif/eventhough/as/whether…or…(无论)/nomatter…/…ever等来引导。eg:Iwilgowhetheritrainsorshines.as引

导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序且使用零冠词Childasheis,hecananswerthisquestion.Youngasheis,heknowsalot.sothat引导的结果状语从句与目的状语从句Weallarrivedateight,soth

atthemeetingbeganimmediately.(结果)Wewillcomeateightsothatthemeetingcanbeginearly.(目的)①结果状语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，目的状语从句不；②目的状语从句一般含有情态动词，结果状语从句无；③从句

中如果有情态动词could时，两种从句都是。Hespokeloudlysothateverybodycouldhearhim.应避免出现双连词eg:IfIamtoldsuchathing,andIwillgotoo.Becausehewasill,s

ohecouldn’tcontinuehiswork.because与so不连用Thoughhewastired,buthewentonworking.though与but不连用，但可以与yet/still连

用