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预测05阅读理解篇之主旨大意题预测一主旨大意题包括概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时千万不要以偏概全。预测二近几年无

论是全国卷还是地方卷中主旨大意题都是必考题型，而且随着新高考范围的扩大，阅读对于考生们的重要性越来越大，而且词汇量及理解难度将进一步加大，对学生们的理解、分析、总结和归纳能力必将越来越高。预测三主旨大意题型在2020年的重要性及权重都将得到进一步的巩固，至少会出现一题。以下为2019全国卷1，

2和3的体裁、话题及主旨大意题的分布图：在做主旨大意题时需要格外留心主题句，因为主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概

括出文章大意。接下来，我们一起看一下主旨大意题的提问方式，解题攻略以及干扰项吧。A（2019•新课标全国卷I，D）Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyeds

haringmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,a

ndmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonot

hers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopul

arintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,ju

mp-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusb

ornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowe

rehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandriskybeha

vior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthe

highestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewh

owerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffect

onus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,op

enness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，

Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Bei

nglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.33.Wh

atisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofi

nterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.【答案】33.A【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。受欢迎在小学阶段是因为分享,在中学阶段却是因为叛逆和与众不同。心理学家将受欢迎分类为讨人喜欢的人和地

位寻求者,讨人喜欢的人不仅有良好的人际关系,他们的以后的人生也有积极的经历。而那些追求地位的孩子往往会从事一些比较危险的活动。【解析】33.本题为主旨大意题。本段通过临床心理学教授对“受欢迎”进行分类:讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者.前者与他人

相处融洽的品质加强了校园友谊,激发了人际交往技巧,并且在很早的时候,就被用在了生活和工作中;而后者通过权力带来的地位,甚至有不光彩的行为。所以本段的中心是对“受欢迎的人”的分类,故答案为A.B（2019•新课标全国卷II，C）MarianBech

telsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusines

s!LunchisBechtel’s"me"time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhal

f（53percent）havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf（46percent）havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeating

togetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport."Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youkno

w?"Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,bu

tlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.

"Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,"shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandche

ckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）."Ireflectonhowmyday'sg

oneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,"hesaid."It'sachanceforself-reflection,Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan."Thatfreedo

mtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatablefo

rone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable."Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,"sa

idLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportance

ofself-reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.【答案】A【语篇导读】本文是一篇社会

现象类的夹叙夹议的文章,通过对几个人独自吃午餐的描写,说明午餐让人有了独处的时间,让人得以放松,并且现在有了手机的陪伴,独自吃饭受到越来越多的人的青睐。【解析】22.此题为主旨大意题。本文通过对几个人独自吃午餐的描写,说明午餐让人有了独处的时间,让人得以放松,并且现在有了手机的陪

伴,独自吃饭受到越来越多的人的青睐。而且最后一段第一句“Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.”也点明了原因，所以“独自吃饭的趋势”是本文的中心,故答案为A。C（2019•北京高考，D）By

theendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthe

phenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorga

nisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrati

onofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappe

arance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyb

urycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingt

rend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，but

alsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodeltha

tprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecol

ouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewate

rs，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyare

thequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”42.Whataret

hefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightrefl

ectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.To

assesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.ToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointr

oduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【答案】B,C【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普环保类说明文，一项最新研究表明,由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一

种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因为光线反射的作用,它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并影响浮游植物的生长。【解析】42.本题为段落大意题。第一段“Byth

eendofthecentury.Ifnotsoonertheworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

"可知,到本世纪末,一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖,如果不尽快的话,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再根据第二段中的"Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytopla

nkton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktonscreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.O

ceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知,这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不

等,这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B.45.本题为旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨"Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsoonerthe

world'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy."可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明,由于气候变暖,如果不尽快的话,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝

、更绿。再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarningtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowt

h,...可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响,变暖改变了海洋的关键特征,并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。D（2019•浙江高考题，C）Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtre

essincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedb

y50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNev

adaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCa

liforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.

Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmallt

reesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（资源）.ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclnty

reandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreesw

asgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalcul

atedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airt

emperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt（融雪）.Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenri

singtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.27

.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．Thedistributionof

bigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.【答案】A【语篇导读】本文属于科普环保类议论文,围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题,探

讨出现这-现象的原因.【解析】27.段落大意题。第二段第一句Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmoretha

n46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests为主题句,意思是:在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中,直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况,故答案为A。E（201

9•天津高考题，D）WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebta

ndmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Th

ebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andt

hebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreat

ivitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfway

mark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearni

ngongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mos

tofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurpr

isesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolean，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturi

tyseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytopleas

e，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwe

willknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我）

,whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate（视…等同于）“commitment”withsu

ch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhow

orktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearn

edlife'smostvaluablelesson.55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage？A．Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladu

ltlife.B．Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C．Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivation

forlearning.D．Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.【答案】A【语篇导读】本文是人生百味类议论文,讲述要成功,就需要不断的学习,这样的生活才会有意义。【解析】考查主旨大意。

本文讲述要成功,就需要不断的学习,这样的生活才会有意义,故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活,故选A。A(黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三教学检测,D)Astudy,conductedbyDavidEvansoftheWorldBankand

AnnaPopovaofStanfordUniversity,lookedat19programsaroundtheworldinwhichindividualsweregivencashtransfersfromthegovernment,eith

erasahandoutorasa“reward”forsomethinglikegettingkidstoschoolontimeortakingthemtothedoctorforcheckups.EvansandPopovalookedattheimpacttho

secashtransfershadonthefamilybudgetandwhetherornottheyledtoanincreaseinspendingonalcoholandcigarettes.Whattheyfoundwasthattheyalmostalwaysledtoa

reductioninafamily’salcoholandtobaccopurchases.Thenewsmaysurprisesomepeople,butit’strue,andtheresearchershaveseveraltheoriesaboutwhy.Onetheoryi

sthatthecashtransfermadethingspossiblethatonceseemedimpossible.Investingintheirkids’educationorbuyinghealthie

randmoreexpensivefoodsmaybewithinreachnow,butwithoutthecashhandout,thesegoalsweren’tevenapossibility.Sofamiliescutbackonotherexpenses(likea

lcoholandtobacco)tomakethosedreamsareality.Anothertheoryisthatpeoplejustgenerallyseemtodowhatthey’retold.Iftheyaregivenmoneyandtoldt

ouseitfortheirfamily’swelfare,inmostcases,theywilldojustthat.Andthatleadstothethirdtheory:Thesecashtransfersareusuallygivent

owomen,andstudiesshowthatwhenwomencontrolthepursestrings,moremoneyisspentontakingcareoftheirchildren.Whateverthere

asonforthetrend,thedataisclear—familiesthatreceivecashhandoutsdon’twastethemoneyonboozeandcigarettesaswaspreviouslythought.Instead,theytypical

lyusethatmoneyforthebenefitoftheirfamilies.Andthat’smoneywellspent.12.Thestudyprovesthat.A.cashtransfershelppoorfamiliesgetwhatwouldseem

unavailableotherwiseB.cashshouldbegiventopoorpeopleasarewardforsomethinggoodforkidsC.givencashhandouts,poorpeop

lewouldspendthemoneyonalcoholandtobaccoD.poorpeoplewouldsavethecashgivenbythegovernmentforemergencyneeds1

3.Acashtransferledtoareductioninafamily’salcoholandtobaccopurchasesbecause.A.theeducationgainedwiththecashwo

uldhelpthemdropalcoholandtobaccoB.themoneypreviouslyforalcoholandtobaccowouldhelprealizetheirdreamC.buyingh

ealthierandmoreexpensivefoodsleftlessmoneyforalcoholandtobaccoD.thatwasthepromisemadebeforethecashtran

sferwasgiventothepoorfamily14.Inparagraph5,whentheauthorsaid“womencontrolthepursestrings”,hejustmeant“”.A.womenar

etoldwhattodoB.womenaregiventhemoneyC.womenknowwhattodowiththemoneyD.womenhavethefinalwordformoney15.Thepassagemainlytellsus.A.howthestudyw

ascarriedoutB.whycashtransferispreferredC.thefindingsofastudyandexplanationstothemD.thetheoriesforastudyaboutcashtransfers

【答案】ABDC【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，文章分析了出现这一现象的原因。【解析】12.本题为推理判断题。

根据最后一段“Whateverthereasonforthetrend,thedataisclear—familiesthatreceivecashhandoutsdon’twastethemoneyonboozeandcigarettesaswaspr

eviouslythought….Andthat’smoneywellspent.”可知给贫穷家庭的汇款并不会被使用在酒精和香烟上，很多贫穷家庭会用来改善生活。这与之前的看法是相反的。故A项正确。13.本题为推理判断题。根据第四

段“Onetheoryisthatthecashtransfermadethingspossiblethatonceseemedimpossible.…Sofamiliescutbackonotherexpenses(likealcoholandtobac

co)tomakethosedreamsareality”可知当某些家庭得到汇款以后，他们会把这笔钱和用在喝酒抽烟上的钱一起被用在孩子的教育上，或购买之前无法购买的东西上。故B项正确。14.本题为猜测句意题。根据横线句前一句“Thesecashtransfersareusuallygivent

owomen…”可知当汇款给了女性以后，通常都会有比较好的结果。故划线句指“女性控制花钱的话语权”。故D项正确。15.本题为主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现

汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，文章分析了出现这一现象的原因。故C项正确。B(湖南省长郡中学高三第三次适应性考试，C)Ifyou'vebeenpayingattention,youknowthatcorvids(crow

s,rooksandravens)areremarkablyintelligentbirds.Nowthesefeatheredgeniuseshavebeengivenajob:sixrookshavebeentrainedtopickuprubbishinthePu

yduFouhistoricalthemeparkinwesternFrance.WheneverBoubou,Bamboo,Bill,Black,BricoleandBacoplaceacigarettebuttorothersmallpiecesof

trashinaspecialcontainer,itoffersatreat-rewardingfortheirefforts.Theideacamefromoneofthepark'sfalconers（养鹰人

），ChristopheGaborit.Aspartofthefalconryshow,crowshadalreadybeentrainedtopickuprosesandbringthemtoaprincess,so

inthe2000s,Gaboritraisedandtrainedtworookstodothesamewithrubbish.Thetrainingsystemissimilartoexperimentalprogr

amsfortestingcorvids'intelligence,inwhichavendingmachinedistributesafoodrewardwhenacrowcorrectlyperformsatask.Earlierthisyear,atypeo

fvendingmachinewasusedtoteachcrowshowtotearpaperintoaspecificshape.And10yearsago,"hacker"JoshKleinbuiltasimilarvendingmach

inetorewardcrowsforgettingbacklostmoney.Soweknowtheconceptworks.Therooksareemployedforthefirsttimeovertheweekend,a

ndthey'llbeworkingfourdaysaweekunderclosewatch—notforthebirds,buttomakesurethehumansdon'tdeliberatelydropr

ubbishtowatchthebirdscleanitup.That'sbecausetheaimoftherookgarbagecollectorsisn'tonlytocollectgarbage—it'salsotogetpark-goerstothinkbeforetheyli

tter."OK,thebirdsareabletodosomethingthatwearemuchmoreabletodothanthem,soweshoulddothisbyourselves,parkpresidentNicolasdeVillierstoldNPR."It'safunny

waytoshowthepeoplethatyoucannotthrowpaperseverywhere.",8.Whoisthetraineroftherookstopickupgarbage?A.NicolasdeVilliers.B.JoshKlein.C.ChristopheGab

orit.D.PuyduFou.9.Whywilltherooksworkunderclosewatch?A.Tomakesuretherooks'safety.B.Topreventtherooksflyingaway.C.Toa

voidbeingdisturbedpurposelybyhumans.D.Towatchtherooksdoingtherightthing.10.Whatdoestheemploymentoftherooksreallyintendtodo?A.To

makemoneythroughtherooks.B.Topickuprosesforaprincess.C.Togiveperformancesinthepark.D.Togethumansinspired.11.Whatisthemain

ideaofthetext?A.RooksareemployedtopickuprubbishinaFrancepark.B.PuyduFouhistoricalthemeparkoffersthefalconryshow.C.Wastepollutionhasbecomeaworld

-wideproblem.D.Peoplearecalledontofocusontheprotectionofthebirds.【答案】CCDA【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道，文章报道的是在法国的一个公园里，人们雇用秃鼻乌鸦来捡垃圾。雇佣乌鸦的真正目的是让去公园的人在扔垃圾前思

考一下自己的行为。【解析】8.本题为细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Gaboritraisedandtrainedtworookstodothesamewithrubbish.“Gaborit饲养和训练了两只白嘴

鸦来处理垃圾。”由此可知，ChristopheGaborit是秃鼻乌鸦捡垃圾的驯兽师。故选C。9.本题为细节理解题。根据最后一段Therooksareemployedforthefirsttimeovert

heweekend,andthey'llbeworkingfourdaysaweekunderclosewatch—notforthebirds,buttomakesurethehumansdon'tdeliberatelydroprubb

ishtowatchthebirdscleanitup.“乌鸦第一次被雇佣是在周末，他们将在密切的监视下每周工作四天——不是为了鸟，而是为了确保人类不会故意扔垃圾来观察鸟清理垃圾。”由此可知，秃鼻乌鸦之所以要在严密监视下工作，是因为为了避免被人类故意打扰。故选C。10.本题为推理

判断题。根据最后一段中That'sbecausetheaimoftherookgarbagecollectorsisn'tonlytocollectgarbage—it'salsotogetpark-goerstot

hinkbeforetheylitter.“那是因为收垃圾的车的目的不仅仅是收垃圾，它还能让去公园的人在扔垃圾前三思。”可知，雇佣秃鼻乌鸦的真正目的是为了让人类得到启示。故选D。11.本题为主旨大意题。根据第一段中Nowthesefeatheredgeniuseshavebeengivenaj

ob:sixrookshavebeentrainedtopickuprubbishinthePuyduFouhistoricalthemeparkinwesternFrance.“现在这些长着羽毛的天才们得到了一份工作:在法国西部的PuyduFou历史

主题公园里，6只白嘴鸦被训练去捡垃圾。”所以文章讲述的是在法国的一个公园里，人们雇白嘴鸦来捡垃圾。故选A。C（江西省重点中学盟校高三下学期第联考，B）Iwantedachangeofpace,abreak

fromroutine.Thepastfewyearsfoundmeworkinglonghoursatmymarketingjobwhilemyhusband,Steven,putinequallyful

ldaysasaphysicstutor.Wewerebothburnedoutfromtheconstantboredom.Vacationexperiencesatfirstglanceseemalittledifficultforus.Howdoyoufindcomfortin

anever-changingenvironment?AndI,someonewhoenjoysmoreplannedfun,hadtoadapt.ButIwassurprisedathoweasilyIwasabletoadapttoanewmo

deofoperation,amorerelaxedversionofmyselfwhowasn’tworriedwherewe’dparkandsleepeachnight.Thefactthatwebothbecamesoa

ccustomedtosleepinginthebackofacargovanisanothersurpriseweexperiencedonthisjourney.Thevanwasourmaintransportationand,withafull-

sizebedintheback,italsoprovideduswithabitofcomfortthatmadeuscontinue.Atfirst,everysoundoutsidewasforeign,andw

ebothtooklongertofall-andstay-asleep.But,afteracoupleofweeksintovanlife,weletthesoundsfadeintosoftbackgroundmu

sic.Overthecourseofourseven-monthtrip,oneofourbiggoalswastocomeawayfromeachparkwithonespectacularimage

.Thatsharedgoalplacedusonthesameteam:Itbroughtustogether,evenmorethanbefore,gaveusmoretotalkabout,ande

ncouragedustomotivateeachotheralongtheway.Bythispoint,you’reprobablywonderinghowwepaidforallofthis,ormaybeyou’reassumingwecomefromwealthybackgro

unds.Thetruthis,weactuallymanagedthisentireadventureonamiddle-classbudget.Stevendidpart-timeremoteworkabout10hoursperweekforhisemployerfr

omtheroad.Iendedupfindingsometemporaryjobsthroughthetrip.Wealsocontinuedourphotographybusiness,settingupanonlineshoptosellourlands

capes.Weonlyvisitedsomeparksinthe48states.Andtheexperiencewouldstillbewortheverypenny.Itisreallyachan

cetoloseandfindourselvesinournation’sparklands.4.Whydidtheauthorwanttochange?A.Becauseshewantedarestfromda

ilyroutine.B.Becauseshewasinterestedintravelling.C.Becauseshefellillwithlongworkinghours.D.Becauseshedidn'tlikehermarke

tingjob.5.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthevacationbeforethejourney?A.Exciting.B.Helpful.C.Doubtful.D.Boring.6.Whatcanweinferfromthe

lastbutoneparagraph?A.Thecouplevisited48statesduringthetrip.B.Thecoupletrieddifferentjobstomaintainthe

irtrip.C.Thehusbandworkedharderthanthewife.D.Thecouplecamefromamiddle-classfamily.7.Whatisthepassagem

ainlyabout?A.Introducingacouple’sdailylife.B.Sharingacouple’stravelexperience.C.Showingtheimportanceoftra

veling.D.Advisingsometravelplanstoreaders.【答案】ACBB【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和丈夫想对常规的生活进行改变而去旅行的经历。【解析】4.本题为细节理解题。根

据第一段中“Iwantachangeofpace,abreakfromroutine”和最后一句“wewerebothburnedoutfromtheconstantboredom”可以看出作者是想改变生活节奏，打破每天惯例，对生活也感到极度无聊，从而想做出一些改变。故选A项。5.本题为推

理判断题。根据文章第二段“Vacationexperiencesatfirstglanceseemalittledifficultforus.Howdoyoufindcomfortinanever-changingenvironment?（乍一看，度假经历对我们来说似乎有点困

难。你如何在不断变化的环境中找到舒适感？）”可以推断，作者在旅行之前，对这次旅行是否会觉得愉快感到怀疑。故选C项。6.本题为推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Stevendidpart-timeremoteworkabout10hoursperweek

forhisemployerfromtheroad.Iendedupfindingsometemporaryjobsthroughthetrip.Wealsocontinuedourphotographybusiness,settingupanonlineshoptosellourlands

capes.”可知，作者夫妇为了维持这段旅行的费用，沿途做了一些不同的兼职工作，同时也继续做摄影业务。故选B项。7.本题为主旨大意题。作者因为想改变一下生活节奏，打破常规的生活，决定进行一次旅行。在旅行途中，面包车是他们的主要交通

工具，并且通过做一些兼职工作来维持旅行的费用。作者觉得这次旅行是值得的。阅读全文可知,作者是在和读者分享她和丈夫的旅行故事。故选B项。D（四川省成都市石室天府中学高三第四次阶段性质量检测，C）Twoy

earsago，KiirsatCeylanwasinNewYorktogiveatalkaboutdisabilityrightsattheU.N.Blindsincebirth，theTurkishmanwasstrugglingtofindhishotel，holdingacane

inonehandandpullinghisluggagewiththeother."Notsurprisingly，suddenlyIbumpedintoapole,andhesays,"Itwasabitbloody."Theproblemwithac

aneisthat，whileitcantellyouwhat'sonthegroundsitdoesn'thelpwithobjectsatthebodyorheadlevel.Itwasn'tthefirsttimeCeylanhadrunintosomething，

injuringhimself.""Ihavenoproblemwithmyscars，whichmakememorehandsomeIguess，"Ceylansays，laughing."ButIdon'tneedhewones."

WithWeWalk，anewsmartcane，Ceylanhopestohelpotherblindpeoplenavigatetheirenvironmentsmoreeasily.Thecaneuses

anultrasonic（超声波）sensorwhichdetectsobjectsatbodyorheadlevelandgivesawarningvibration.WeWalkuserspairthecanewiththeirsmartphonesandthenusethecane'st

ouchpadtoaccessfeatureslikevoiceassistantornavigation*Beforeleavinghome，theycanplugtheirdestinationintoGoogl

eMapsandgetspokendirectionsastheywalkInthefuture，CeylanhopestoconnectWeWalkwithpublictransportationandridesharingservices.Ass

istivetechnologyisoftenexpensiveforblindpeople，saysEelkeFolmer，acomputerscienceprofessorattheUniversityofNevada!Reno."Butdevelopersfailtorealizet

heirdevicesareoutofreachformanyblindpeople，ToFolmer，thepricepoint-﹩500--setstheWeWalkcaneapartfromotherte

chnologies.CeylanseesWeWalkaspartofanattempttohelpblindpeopleachievegreaterfreedomofmovement，whichhebelieves

willgivethemgreateraccesstoeducationandjobs.Thecanesarealreadyhavinganimpactonusers，Ceylansays.Herecent

lyreceivedanemailfromateacherinIrelandwhohadbecomeblindasanadult.He'dbeendepressedandhousebound.ButsincegettingaWeWalkcane

，yourdeviceforcedmetogoout.Itbecamemyanti-depressant."hewrote.8.WhyisastoryaboutKursatCeylangivenatthebeginningofthetext？______A.Tostresst

hedifficultycausedbyblindness.B.Toshowhisreasonfordevelopinghiscane.C.Toindicatetheproblemswithpresentcanes.D.Toshowhispositiveandhumorouscharacter.

9.WhatcanWeWalkdoatpresentaccordingtothetext？______A.ProvidefastInternetaccess.B.Startconversationswithusers.C.Telluserswhatisaroundthem.D

.Connectwithridesharingservices.10.WhatdoesFolmerthinkistheadvantageofWeWalkoverotherassistivetechnologies？______A.Itiseasily

affordable，B.Itiseasilycontrollable.C.Itworksbetterforusers.D.Itlooksmoreattractive.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout？______A.Theincreasingdemandforsmartc

anes.B.Ablindman’sdevotiontosmartcanes.C.Asmartcane'seffectsonblindpeople.D.Anassistivetechnologyfortheblind.【答案】BCAB【语篇导读】文章是一篇记叙文，讲述了盲人Ku

rsatCeylan致力于研发智能拐杖以帮助盲人自由地行走。【解析】8.本题为推理判断题。根据第五段中的“WithWeWalk,anewsmartcane,Ceylanhopestohelpotherblindpeopl

enavigatetheirenvironmentsmoreeasily.”可知，有了新的智能手杖WeWalk，Ceylan希望能帮助其他盲人更容易地导航周围环境.由此可知，文章开头提到KursatCeylan的故事是

为了说明他研发这种拐杖的原因，故B项正确。9.本题为细节理解题。根据第五段中“WithWeWalk,anewsmartcane,Ceylanhopestohelpotherblindpeoplenavigatetheirenvironmentsmoreeasily.”可知，智能拐

杖WeWalk能够更容易地为盲人们导航周围环境.由此可知，WeWalk可以告诉使用者周围的情况.故C项正确。10.本题为细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ToFolmer,thepricepoint-﹩500--setstheWeWalkcane

apartfromothertechnologies.”可知，Folmer认为，500英镑的价格使WeWalk在其他辅助技术中脱颖而出，也就是说这种拐杖优势是使用者能负担得起。故A项正确。11.本题为主

旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第五段中的“WithWeWalk,anewsmartcane,Ceylanhopestohelpotherblindpeoplenavigatetheirenvironmentsmoreeasily.”可知，文章主要讲述了盲人KursatCeylan致力于研发一种智能

拐杖以帮助盲人自由地行走，故B项正确。E（2020年安徽省高三全国模拟卷3月考试，D）Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjec

tsandidentifythem.“Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,”theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficann

owbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.Thestudy

ledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchoolofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevic

ewithtwotothreeantennas(天线)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgot

hroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates，worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干扰)causedbytwofactorsofobjects——t

hematerialandshape.“Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid，whichhavesignificantinterference,”researcherssaid.Wheni

twastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent.“Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechc

ouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums，stadiums,themeparksorschools,”theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.Itusesc

hannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices.“Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingt

hepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen，aco-authorofthestudy，“There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas，it'shardtosetupexpensi

vescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.Thepeerreviewedstudy，which

recentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline

.“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssa

id.32.Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?A.Thefunctionofthetechnique.B.Thewaythedeviceworks.C.Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.D.Thebenefitofthestudyfi

ndings.33.What'stheadvantageofthedevice?A.Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.B.Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.C.Itusesante

nnastopickupnetworks’signals.D.Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.34.Whydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordi

ngtoYingyingChen?A.Tosavemoneyandlabour.B.TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.C.Toprotectpassengers'privacy.D.Tores

earchdangerousobjects.35.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating”inthelastparagraph?A.Confirming.B.Improving.C.Disco

vering.D.Examining.【答案】BDAB【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家们研究出的一种“安检新设备”。这种设备利用WiFi网络查看包内物品的体积和形状以确定包中物品是否是危险品。该设备既能提高许多公共地方的安全性,又能保护

人们的隐私。【解析】32.本题为主旨大意题。第三段主要讲了这项设备的运行方法。故答案选B。33.本题为细节理解题。根据第四段“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposur

etoprivacy",可知这项设备的优点之一就是可以保护人们的隐私。故答案选D。34.本题为细节理解题。根据第五段YingyingChen的介绍,可知在机场这样的地方安装常规的安检设备要很高的成本,也需要很大的人

力去实施安检工作,所以研究者们希望研究出一种能省钱省人力的安检设备。故答案选A。35.本题为词义猜测题。文章第四段讲到,这种设备的准确性能达到95%,但包内物品被包裹起来的时候，准确性只能达到90%。可知未来的研究将会关注提高该设备检测的准确性。故答案选B。