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预测03阅读理解篇之词义猜测题预测一高考阅读的文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇广告类说明文，而词义猜测题是历年高考英语阅读理解的必考考点，考查学生们根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,尤其是对语境的分析和把握的能力。预测二高考阅读的词义猜测题的考查主要包括以下几种

形式：猜测词义题；猜测短语题；猜测短语题等，如下图：预测三词义猜测题一般出现在C篇，偶尔出现在B篇或D篇，而且词义猜测题固定在1题，预计2020年高考阅读中的词义猜测题大概率出现在C篇，而且题量依然保持1题，题数应该是第二或第三题。以下为2018年和2019年全国高考1-3卷的词义猜测

题的分布图：词义猜测题在2019年全国I、II和III卷中的分布情况词义猜测题在2018年全国I、II和III卷中的分布情况高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%，而且英语中有不少词汇具有多重词性或词义，因此需要在强化词汇记忆的同时结合多重方法多

管齐下。下图为具体的解题攻略：图1：提问方式图二：解题攻略A（2019•新课标全国卷I，B）ForCanaanElementary‟ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andr

ightnowit‟sChrisPalaez‟sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowou

ldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe‟snervous.“I‟mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”a.pronunciationdifficultyform

anynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoing

amazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asono

fimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，when

calledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedi

sagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoi

slearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，„Idon‟tknow，butIwanttoknow.‟”Whaleygottheideaofthiss

econd-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehishear

t.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)about

themselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintot

heclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.

Sillyjokes.【答案】A【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。通过ChrisPalaez的演讲来引出Whaley老师对孩子们的成长做出的努力。通过组织活动来增强移民的孩子们在学习英语.上的信心。【解析】25.本题为词义猜测题。A.

不正确的停顿;B、没有礼貌;C.拼写错误;D.愚骞的玩笑。根据句意:除了....,克里斯做的非常好。结合前一句I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould....shoul..可知他在表达时有

些“不正确的停顿”,故答案为A.B（2019•新课标全国卷II，B）“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”Thiswasanactualreply

fromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids‟lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere‟sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocia

lanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imentionthesinglepare

ntwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren‟tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes

,I‟lldoit.”I‟msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere‟srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunw

illingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealon

gtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarereliev

edtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkid

scoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderst

andingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,

skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I‟mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI‟

dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivati

onlies?25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.BAppealtofeelings.C.Promot

egooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.【答案】B【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章,讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙,在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务,从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。【解析】25.本题为词义猜测题。A.

鼓励团队协作;B、诉诸情感;C、促进良好行为;D.提供建议。前一句提到Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading(她也许只是需要一点儿劝说),所以“我又尝试了.....,后句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的

单亲妈妈”，“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长,故答案为B.C（2019•新课标全国卷III，B）ForWesterndesigners,Chinaanditsrichcul

turehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspira

tionfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisye

ar,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,wit

htheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadreco

rdattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefac

esofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovem

ent."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashi

onarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeating

themhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."Themost

famousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanyse

nsesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingcloth

es,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A．learningfromB．l

ookingdownonC．workingwithD．competingagainst【答案】D【语篇导读】本文为社会现象类议论文，介绍了中国文化及其丰富的文化,成为西方时尚设计师的灵感来源。中国年轻的设

计师和模特最终在许多方面被认可,也将引领着世界时尚的潮流。【解析】(26)本题为词义猜测题。下文andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文VeraWang,Alex

anderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MareJacobs的意思是VeraWang.AlexanderWang和JasonWu正在与Galliano、Albaz和MareJacobs竞争。takingon意思是“竞争”,故答案为D.D（2019•北

京高考，D）Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoan

ewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms

，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconc

entrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'

sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxyge

n.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletoth

eocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunli

ghtandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemo

delthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechange

stothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenblue

r.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“N

otonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”43.Whatdoestheun

derlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.BeneficialC.SignificantD.Unnoticeable【

答案】A【语篇导读】这是一篇科普环保类说明文。一项最新研究表明,由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因为光线反射的作用,它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,气候变

暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并影响浮游植物的生长。【解析】43.本题为词义猜测题。根据第三段中的"Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednoton

lysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients."可知,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheoc

ean'swarmingtrend"可知,浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。E（2019•浙江高考题，B）Moneywithnostringsattached.It‟snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStati

oninLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwh

ilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgave

andtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeaf

ewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip（片段）showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpin

ningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There‟sacert

ainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnu

mbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympa

thy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbadd

aysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”24.Whatdoestheex

pression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithout

conditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.【答案】C【语篇导读】这是一则新闻报道类的记叙文,讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站,竖起了-块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子,上面写着“留下你能给予的,拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱,但

是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句,阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨,弄清细节,根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子,从而得到需要的答案。【解析】24.本题为词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头whilemanytookdollars,man

yotherspinnedtheirowncashtothebtoard可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换,需要的从上面拿钱,有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为C。A(2020年

广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试C)We‟veknownthatsittingforlongperiodsoftimeeverydayhascountlesshealthconsequences,likeahigherriskofheartdisease.Butnowanewstudyhasfou

ndthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.Astudypublishedlastweek,conductedbyDr.PrabhaSiddarthattheUniversityofCalifornia,showedthatsedentary

（久坐的）behaviorisassociatedwithreducedthicknessofthemedialtemporallobe（中颞叶）,abrainareathatiscriticaltolearningandmemory.

Theresearchersaskedagroupof35healthypeople,ages45to70,abouttheiractivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhourseachdayspentsittingandthenscannedtheirbr

ains.Theyfoundthatthesubjectswhoreportedsittingforlongerperiodshadthethinnestmedialtemporallobes.Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairthe

worseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstud

ydidnotfindasignificantassociationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbe

enoughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon‟tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecognition（认知）;just

standingwilldothetrick.Forexample,twogroupsofsubjectswereaskedtocompleteatestwhileeithersittingorstanding.P

articipantsarepresentedwithconflictingstimuli（刺激）,liketheword“green”inblueink,andaskedtonamethecolor.S

ubjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya3-milicondmargin.Thecognitiveeffectsofseverephysicalexercisearewellkn

own.Butthepossibilitythatstandingmoreandsittinglessimprovesbrainhealthcouldlowerthebarforeveryone.Iknow,thisallrunscountertoreceivedideas

aboutdeepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin‟sfamous“Thinker,”seatedwithchinonhand.Theywere

wrong.Youcannowallstandup.8.WhatcanweinferfromParagraphs3and4?A.Severeexercisecanlessenthedamageofsitting.B.Severeexercisecangreatlyimproveourbra

inhealth.C.Sedentarybehaviorwillpossiblydamageourbrain.D.Brainhealthhasnothingtodowithsedentarybehavior.9.Whatdoestheunderlin

edword“margin”inParagraph5mean?A.blank.B.edge.C.decrease.D.difference.10.Whatisthereceivedideaaboutdeepthought

?A.Sittingmoreisgoodforourmentalhealth.B.Sittingisbetterwhenwethink.C.Exercisemorecanimproveourcognition.D.Weshouldstandwhilethinking.11.The

passagemainlytellsus________.A.peopletendtositwhilethinkingB.standingmorecanmakeourbrainhealthierC.physicalexercisecanimproveourbrainhe

althD.sedentarybehaviorleadstocountlesshealthproblems【答案】CDBB【语篇导读】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的这一现象。【解析】8.此题为推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Itmea

nsthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairtheworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemo

ry.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。）和第四段中的“Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignific

antassociationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbeenou

ghtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.”（有趣的是，这项研究没有发现身体活动水平和大脑区域厚度之间有显著的关联，这表明运动，甚至是剧烈运动，可能不足以保护你免受坐姿的有害影响。），可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们

的大脑。故选C项。9.此题为词义猜测题。由第五段最后一句“Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya32-millisecondmargin.”（站着思考的受试者会以32毫秒

的差异击败坐着的受试者。），可知margin在此处意为“差异”。故选D项。10.此题为细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Iknow,thisallrunscountertoreceivedideasaboutdeepthought

,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin‟sfamous“Thinker,”seatedwithchinonhand.”（我知道，这一切都与我们从小学老师那里得到的关于深思熟虑的想法背道而

驰，他们让我们坐下集中注意力，还有罗丹著名的“思想者”，手托下巴坐着。），可知我们以前接受的关于深思熟虑的想法是坐着思考更好。故选B项。11.此题为主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Butnowanewstudyhasfo

undthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.”（但现在一项新的研究发现，坐着对大脑也有害。），第三段最后一句“Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairthewo

rseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。），第五段中的“Itthensurprisinglyt

urnedoutthatyoudon‟tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecognition;juststandingwilldothetrick.”（结果令人惊讶的是，你甚至不需要移动太多来增强认知能力；

仅仅站着就可以了。）和最后一段“Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.”（他们错了。你们现在都可以站起来了。）可知，文章主要介绍了多站立能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的现象

。故选B项。B(2020年黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三教学检测C)Internettimetiedtoteendepression(抑郁)symptomsSpendingtimeonlineisnormalbehaviourforteenagers.ButtoomuchIn

ternetusebyteens—ortoolittle,forthatmatter—mightberelatedtodepression,anewstudyfinds.Thefindings,reportedinthejournalofPedia

trics,donotmeanthattheInternetistoblame.Forone,teensinthestudywhospentnotimeonlinewerealsoatincreasedriskofdepression

symptoms.Instead,theresearcherssaythatbothheavyInternetuse,andnon-use,couldserveassignalsthatateenagerishavingahardtime.Forthestudy,Dr

Pierre-AndreMichaudandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,surveyed7,200individualsaged16to20abouttheir

Internetuse.Thosewhowereonlinemorethantwohoursperdaywereconsidered“heavy”Internetusers,whilethoseonlineanywherefrom

severaltimesperweektotwohoursperdaywereconsidered“regular”users.Theteenagersalsoansweredanumberofhealth-re

latedquestions,includingsomestandardquestionsabout"depressivetendencies”thatgauge(判定)howoftenapersonfeelssadorhopeless.Compare

dwithregularInternetusers,thestudyfound,kidswhowereheavyusersornon-usersweremorelikelytobedepressedorverydepressed.Amongmaleteens,

heavyusersandnon-userswerebotharoundone-thirdmorelikelytohaveahighdepressionscore,comparedto“regular”users.Amonggirls,heavyInternet

usershadan86percentgreaterchanceofdepression,whilenon-usershada46percentgreaterlikelihoodcomparedtoregularusers.Thatwaswithfactorslikefamil

yincomeandanychronichealthproblemstakenintoaccount.Sinceteenagerstypicallygoonlinetocontactwithfriends,theresearchersspeculate(推测)thatthosewhoar

eneveronlinemaybemoresociallyisolated.8.Howlongarethosewhoareonlineperdayconsidered“heavy”Internetusers?A.More

thantwohours.B.Morethaneighthours.C.Morethantwelvehours.D.Morethantenhours.9.What‟sthepurposeofDrMichaudandhiscolleagues‟study?A.Toknowthe

actualnumberofteenagersonline.B.Toknowtheactualtimeofteenagersonline.C.Toknowtheinfluenceofstudyonlineonteenagers.D.Toknowth

erelationshipbetweentheInternetuseanddepression.10.What‟sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“isolated”inthelastparagraph?A.IndependentB.UnitedC.Separated.

D.Capable.11.Accordingtotheaccountsofthesixthparagraph,whatcanweconclude?A.Non-usersofInternetaren‟tlikelytobedepressed.B.Am

onggirls,heavyInternetusersaremorelikelytosufferdepressionthanregularusers.C.Heavyuserswillleadtodeathunle

sslimited.D.Non-usershavemorepossibilitytobedepressedthanheavyusers.【答案】ADCB【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述调查研究证明：在年轻人中，重

度互联网使用者和从不使用互联网的孩子都有抑郁倾向，从来不使用互联网的孩子甚至会被社会孤立。【解析】8.本题为细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Thosewhowereonlinemorethantwohoursperd

aywereconsideredheavy‟Internetusers...”可知，每天上网时间超过两小时的人被视为“过度上网者”。故选A。9.本题为推理判断题。根据第三段中的“surveyed7,200individualsaged16to20abo

uttheirInternetuse”和接下来的研究结果叙述可知，Michaud博士和他的同事研究的目的是了解因特网的使用和抑郁症的关系。故选D。10.本题为词义猜测题。根据前句Sinceteenagerstypicall

ygoonlinetocontactwithfriends“青少年上网主要是为了与朋友们联系”可知，“那些从来不上网的青少年可能更孤立自闭”，故用separated(分离的，单独的)最合适。故选C。11.本题为推理判断题。根据本段中的Amonggirls,heavyInterne

tusershadan86percentgreaterchanceofdepression,whilenon-usershada46percentgreaterlikelihoodcomparedtoregularuse

rs.可知，女孩当中过度上网者患抑郁症的可能性比正常上网者高86%，从而可以推断出，在女孩中，重度上网者比正常上网者更容易患抑郁症。故选B。C（2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟C）We‟veknownforyearsthatp

lantscansee,hear,smellandcommunicatewithchemicals.Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsoundswhe

nstressed.Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foundthattomatoandtobaccoplantscanmakeultrasonic(超声的)noises

.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirstems(茎)arecut.It‟sjusttoohigh-pitched(音调高的)forhumanstohea

r.Microphonesplaced10centimetersawayfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz(千赫兹).Hum

anhearingusuallyrangesfrom20hertzto20kilohertz.“Thesefindingscanalterthewaywethinkabouttheplantkingdom,”theywrote.Onaverage,“thir

sty”tomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,an

dtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Perhapsmostinterestingly,differe

nttypesofstressledtodifferentsounds.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltoseparatetheplants‟soundsfromthoseofthew

ind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse.Inmostcases,itcorrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sinten

sityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.AlthoughKhait

andhiscolleaguesonlylookedattomatoandtobaccoplants,theythinkotherplantsalsomakesoundswhenstressed.Iffarmerscouldhearthesesounds,saidtheteam,theycoul

dgivewatertotheplantsthatneeditmost.Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswouldbeimportantinformationforfarmers.“Thesound

sthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture(精准农业),”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Khait

‟sreportalsosuggeststhatinsetsandmammalscanhearthesoundsupto5metersawayandrespond.Forexample,amoth(蛾子)maydecidenott

olayeggsonawater-stressedplant.EdwardFarmer,attheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtop

lantsis“alittletoospeculative”.Ifplantsarescreamingforfearoftheirsurvival,shouldwebethankfulwecan‟thearthem?28.Wha

tdidKhaitandhisteamfindfromtheirresearch?A.Plantsmadelow-pitchedsoundswhenindanger.B.Plantswereabletoproducesoundsinres

ponsetostresses.C.Plantspickedupawiderrangeofsoundswhenstressed.D.Plantsmadeultrasonicnoisestocommunicatewitheachother.29.Howdid

tomatoandtobaccoplantsreacttodifferentstressesaccordingtothetext?A.Aplantreactedtodifferentstresseswiththesamesound.B.Cuttomato

plantsproducedmoresoundsperhourthanwater-hungryones.C.Cuttobaccoplantsseemedtomakeweakersoundsthandrought-stressedones.D.Tobaccoplantsmightmakeloude

rsoundsthantomatoplantswhenshortofwater.30.What‟sthemainideaofParagraph6?A.Thepotentialapplicationsoftheresearch.B.Challengesfacingfarmersinthefu

ture.C.Farmers„contributionstotheresearch.D.Whatthefutureagriculturewillbelike.31.Theunderlinedword“speculative”inthe

second-to-lastparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto“________”.A.practicalB.unsuspectedC.unsupportedD.complicated【答案】BCAC【语篇导读】这是一篇说

明文。一项尚未发表的研究发现，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，不同类型的压力导致了不同的声音。【解析】28.本题为细节理解题。根据第一段中Now,reportedNewScientist,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingsou

ndswhenstressed.现在，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。以及第二段中Inayet-to-be-publishedstudy,ItzhakKhaitandhisteamatTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,foundt

hattomatoandtobaccoplantscanmakeultrasonic(超声的)noises.Theplants“cryout”duetolackofwater,orwhentheirstems(茎)arecut.在一项尚未发表的

研究中，以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克·凯特(ItzhakKhait)和他的团队发现，番茄和烟草植物可以发出超声波。由于缺水或茎被剪断时，植物会“哭泣”。可知，Khait和他的团队发现植物能够发出声音来应对压力。故选B项。29.本题为细节理解题。根据第五段中Inmostcases,itc

orrectlyidentifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonasound‟sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersounds

thancuttobacco,forexample.在大多数情况下，它能根据声音的强度和频率，正确地识别出压力是由干燥引起的还是由切割引起的。例如，缺水的烟草似乎比切下来的烟草发出的声音更大。可知，切下来的烟草发出

的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下的烟草发出的声音要弱。故选C项。30.本题为主旨大意题。根据第六段中Asclimatechangecausesmoredroughts,theysaidthiswouldbeimpor

tantinformationforfarmers.“Thesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagriculture(精准农

业),”saidAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.他们说，随着气候变化导致更多的干旱，这对农民来说将是重要的信息。“受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声

音可以用于精准农业，”英国皇家植物园的AnneVisscher说。可知，本段主要是讲述了研究发现植物能发出声音对农业的影响，也就是研究在农业的潜在应用价值。故选A项。31.本题为词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中EdwardFarmer,attheUniver

sityofLausanne,Switzerland,isdoubtful.Hesaidthattheideaofmothslisteningtoplantsis“alittletoospeculative”.瑞士洛桑大学的EdwardFarmer对此表示怀

疑。他说，让飞蛾听植物的声音这种想法“有点太___________了”。由doubtful可知EdwardFarmer不确定这种说法是否正确，因此猜测划线词speculative意为“未经证实的，推测性的”。故选C项。D（2020年湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量

监测C）Thelatestsportscrazeisnotevenasport.Accordingtoarecentarticle,“e-sports”areattractingalargenumberofaudience.Ine-sports,pla

yersandteamscompeteinpopularvideocomputergamessuchasDota2andOvenvatch.Fansfillarenastowatchtheactionliveonhuget

elevisionscreens.Thegameshavegonewaypastkidsplayingagainsteachotherwhilesittingonasofaathome.TheInternational,amajorcompetiti

onforplayersofDota2,awarded$24millioninprizes,withthewinnertakinghomealmost$11million.Arecente-sports

competitionattractedmorethan80,000fanstotheOlympicStadiuminBeijing,China.IhavetoadmitthatIamnotabigfanofcomputergames.Iknowthatsomegame

scanbeeducational,butIthinktoomanykidsspendtoomuchtimesittinginfrontofascreenshootingspacealiens.Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretim

ereadingorplayingrealsportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.Andpleasedon‟ttellmethatcompetitivegamingisr

ealsportbecauseitrequireshand-eyecoordination.AccordingtomyAmericanHeritageDictionary,asportis“anactivityinvolvingphysicale

xertionandskill.”Idon‟tthinkanyoneworksupmuchofasweatplayingvideogames.Toooften,regularsportssendkidsakindofmessage.Competitionstartsearly,whenlot

sofkidsarenotreadyfortheupsanddownsofgames.Tryoutsandtravelteamscomenext,givingtoomanykidsthemessagetheyare“notgood”atsports.Solotsofki

dsquitsportsandstartplayingmorevideogames.Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvant

agesofrealsports.8.Whatare“e-sports”accordingtothetext?A.Sportseventsontelevisionscreens.B.Videocomputergamecompetiti

ons.C.ThelatestsportsintheOlympicGames.D.Easysportsgamesforkids.9.Whatmighttheauthorthinkof“e-sports”?A.Theyarenotinstructive.B.Theys

houldbebannedinschool.C.Theyneedtoomuchtimeandmoney.D.Theyhavesomenegativeinfluenceonchildren.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exertion”inParagr

aph5mean?A.Growth.B.Fitness.C.Effort.D.Energy.11.Whatistheauthor‟spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroducea

newkindofsport.B.TointroduceacompetitionheldinBeijing.C.Toexplaintheimportanceofplayingsports.D.Tocallonp

eopletopaymoreattentiontotraditionalsports.【答案】BDCD【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传统体育。【解析】8.本题为细节

理解题。根据第二段中的Ine-sports,playersandteamscompeteinpopularvideocomputergamessuchasDota2andOvenvatch.Fansfillarenastowatchtheac

tionliveonhugetelevisionscreens.可知，在电子竞技中，玩家和团队在Dota2和Ovenvatch等流行的电子游戏中竞争。粉丝们挤满了球场，在巨大的电视屏幕上观看现场直播。由此可知，电子

竞技是电脑游戏的比赛。故选B。9.本题为推理判断题。根据第四段中的Iknowthatsomegamescanbeeducational,butIthinktoomanykidsspendtoomuchtimesit

tinginfrontofascreenshootingspacealiens.Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrealsportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.(我知道有些游

戏是有教育意义的，但我认为太多的孩子花太多的时间坐在屏幕前射击外星人。我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)及第五段中的Idon‟tthinkanyoneworksup

muchofasweatplayingvideogames.(我认为没有人会在玩电子游戏时大汗淋漓)和最后一段中的Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmor

eabouttheadvantagesofrealsports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可推知，作者认为电子竞技对孩子们造成了一些消极影响。故选D。10.本题为词义猜测题。此处是

作者从美国传统辞典上查阅的关于运动的定义，anactivityinvolvingphysicalexertionandskill.划线词语由physical修饰，结合常识和下句muchofasweat可知，此处指体力活动，身体的努力。与选项中的Effort同义。故选C。11.本题

为推理判断题。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。根据第四段中的Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrea

lsportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.(我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)和最后一段中的Maybeev

eryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvantagesofrealsports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可

知，作者呼吁人们应该更多地关注传统体育。故选D。E(2020届湖南省三湘名校高三第二次大联考B)Asseniorsincollegelookingforwardtolife‟snextgoals-graduationandemployment-itisessent

ialtohaveasenseoffeelingimportant.EverytimeIlookthroughjoblistings,thereisasmall,andsometimesnotsosmallcurrentrunningthroughmymin

d,spittingoutlittlechargesthataremeanttostopmefromevenapplying.Thechargescomeintheformofwordsthatseemtoshoutoutl

ike“Itisnotevenworthtrying!”or“Youlookasifyouwereaqualifiedman...”Imetwithaprofessorlastweekaboutaspecificp

ostingthatreallygotmeexcited.MaybethefirsttimeIcouldactuallyimaginemyselfinaposition.Idonotwanttotellyouwhichonebecausethentherewillbeonemorepe

rsonapplyingforit.However,theprofessorsaidtome,“Youandthousandsofotherpeopleareinterestedinthatjob.”Hisresponsesuccessfull

ydampened(抑制)myinitialenthusiasm.SoIwentbacktoworkonmycoverletter,feelinglikeonelittleitty-bitty(极小的)sardineswimminginascho

olofthousands,withfarlessmotivationthanIhadinitially.Ofcourse,therealitiesaregood,andweshouldneverfeeldeservingof,ore

ntitledto,aposition.Iwouldsaythereareonlyafewselectstudentsoutthere.Thecream,whohasacademicadvantages,wouldbesuretostandout.Therestofus,stru

gglingthroughourcourseloads,arethecrop.Butbeingthecropdoesnotmakeusanylessimportant!Thepointisthat,liketheoldHasidicst

orygoesinJewishtradition,weshouldalwaysremembertocarrytwoslipsofpaperinourpockets,especiallyduringtimesofchallengeandtransition.Whenfeelingbeat

down,orlostwithinaschoolofsardines,takeoutoneslipofpaperthatsays“Formysake,theworldwascreated”.Butforfearthatyoubecomeapersonfilledwithself

-importance,carryasecondslipofpapertoserveasagentlereminder,“Iambutdustandashes.”24.WhatdoestheauthorimplyinParagraph1?A.Hedo

esn‟twanttoworkaftergraduation.B.Hehasnoconfidenceinfindingagoodjob.C.Hetriestobehavehimselfaftergraduation.D.Heshowsnointerestinmostjobsi

nthelist.25.Aftertalkingwiththeprofessor,theauthorwas________.A.inspiredB.confusedC.discouragedD.embarrassed26.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“t

hecrop”inParagraph3referto?A.Theplantsinthefield.B.Commonmembersofagroup.C.Thosewhoenjoytheirlife.D.Thosewhoaretiedtoaposition.27.What‟ssuggestedin

thelastparagraph?A.Controlourfeelingswhenfacedwithdifferentproblems.B.Readasmanyoldstoriesaspossibleinourdailylife.C.Learnhowtom

akeourselvesimportanttoothers.D.Understandthefunctionoftwosheetsofpaper.【答案】DCBA【语篇导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为一个大四学生，在找工作时认为被人重视是很重要

的，但是在于教授进行交谈后作者泄了气，感觉自己就像一条小沙丁鱼在成千上万人的学校里游泳，没有了最初那么大的动力。作者感悟到自己只是芸芸众生中普通的一员，关键是当面对不同的问题时要学会控制自己的情绪。【解析】24.本题为推理判断题。根据第一段中E

verytimeIlookthroughjoblistings,thereisasmall,andsometimesnotsosmallcurrentrunningthroughmymind,spittingoutlittle

chargesthataremeanttostopmefromevenapplying.Thechargescomeintheformofwordsthatseemtoshoutoutlike“Itisnotevenworthtryi

ng!”or“Youlookasifyouwereaqualifiedman...”可知每次我浏览招聘启事时，我的大脑总会闪现一股小小的、有时甚至不是那么小的电流，它会吐出一些小念头，这些小念头甚至会阻止我申请工作。它们会说“根本不值得一试!”或“你看起来好像是个合格的人……”

由此可推知，他对名单上的大多数工作都不感兴趣。故选D。25.本题为细节理解题。根据第二段中Hisresponsesuccessfullydampenedmyinitialenthusiasm.可知他的反应成功地浇灭了我最初的热情。由此可知，与教授交谈之后，作者泄气了。故选C。26

.本题为词义猜测题。根据上文Thecream,whohasacademicadvantages,wouldbesuretostandout.Therestofus,strugglingthroughourcourseloads,are可知这个有学术优势的人一定会脱颖而出

。剩下的我们，在课业负担中苦苦挣扎的人，是芸芸众生中普通的一员。可推知，thecrop在文章中指的是“芸芸众生中普通的一员”。故选B。27.本题为推理判断题。根据最后一段中Whenfeelingbeatdown,orlostwithinaschoolofsardines,takeouton

eslipofpaperthatsays“Formysake,theworldwascreated”.Butforfearthatyoubecomeapersonfilledwithself-importance,car

ryasecondslipofpapertoserveasagentlereminder,“Iambutdustandashes.”可知当你感到沮丧，或者在沙丁鱼群中迷失时，拿出一张纸条，上面写着“为了我，世界被创造了”。但是，为了防止你变成一个妄自尊大的人，你可以携

带第二张纸条，作为一个温柔的提醒：“我不过是尘土和灰烬。”由此可推知，言外之意，我们在面对不同的问题时要学会控制自己的情绪。故选A。