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押题精选02阅读理解说明文Passage1SpaceXwillsoonhaveawholefleetofshinysilverStarshipprototypes(原型),ifallgoesaccordingtotheplan.ElonMuskgavehisannualu

pdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket,respectively,thatthecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMar

s.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-sizeStarshipprototype,whoseassembly(组装)wascomp

letedjustdaysbeforeMusk'stalk.SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hightestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Mu

sksaid.Andamuchmoreambitiousjourneyshouldfollowinrelativelyshortorder.“Imean,thisisgoingtosoundtotallyunrealistic,butIthinkwewanttotrytore

achorbitinlessthansixmonths.”ButtheMk1won'tmakethatmilestoneflight.ThathonourwillbelikelytogotoMk4orMk5Starshipversion,Muskadde

d.StarshipMk2isalreadyunderconstructionandshouldbefinishedwithinthenextcoupleofmonthsatmost.SpaceXplans

tobeginbuildingtheMk3atBocaChicainaboutamonth,andthatprototypewilllikelybereadytoflyaboutthreemonthsfromnow.TheMk4willtakeshapein

Floridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.LikemostofMusk'splans,theseconstructionschedulesarequit

eambitious.SpaceXspentalotoftimeontheMk1,afterall;constructionworkonthatvehiclegoesallthewaybacktoatleastDecember2018.

Butthecompanyhaslearnedalotduringthetime,sogettingaStarshiptoorbitbythespringof2020shouldbeachievable,Mustsaid.TheMk1andMk2Starshipsareequippedwith

threeofSpaceX‟snext-generationRaptorengines.VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRaptors

,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.AtpresentSpace

XisbuildingoneRaptoreveryeighttotendaysbutshouldpickupthepaceobviouslyinthecomingmonths.TherecordwillskyrocketwhenS

paceXstartsbuildingtheSuperHeavy,whichwon'thappenuntilStarshipMk4isdone.ThegoalistogettooneRaptorperdaybyearly2020atthel

atest.ThefinalStarshipcouldtaketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.AndJapanesebilli

onaireYusakuMaezawahasbookedacrewedflightaroundthemoonaboardthesystem,withatargetlaunchdateof2023.12.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStarshipMk1?A.Itisanimagi

narypassenger-carryingvehicle.B.Itisanunmannedreusablelargespaceship.C.Itisascaled-downversionofSuperHeavy.D.Itisastain

less-steelspaceshipunderconstruction.13.HowwillMk5bepoweredaccordingtothetext?A.BythreeofSpaceX'snextgenerationRaptorengines.B.ByfourofSpaceX's

next-generationRaptorengines.C.ByfiveofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.D.BysixofSpaceXsnext-gene

rationRaptorengines.14.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMk4comparedwiththeformerStarships?A.Itwilltakeupto100pa

ssengerstospace.B.ItisthefirsttomakeatestflightorbitingMars.C.Ithasbeenunderconstructionforaboutoneyea

r.D.ItisexpectedtogointoEarth'sorbitbeforelong.15.WhyisYusakuMaezawamentionedinthelastparagraph?A.TheprojectofSpaceXispromising.B.

Spaceexplorationhascaughtonworldwide.C.SpaceXtakestheleadintheaerospacefield.D.Morefinancialsupportisde

speratelyneeded.Passage2Solarpowerishelpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhererigidsolarpanels(刚性太阳能

电池板)cango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(钙钛矿)cangoalmostanywhere,saysphysicistOlgaMalinkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthes

urfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesails.Wecanus

eitintheballs,tentsandunlimitedapplications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbecomeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearchers.Becaus

eitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.Shec

o-foundedacompanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructioncompanySkanskaistestin

gthepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable(可持续的)developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theyworkp

erfectly,evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculate

sthataboutonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday‟sworthofpowerforoneworker‟scomputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetter

asresearchcontinues,saysthecompany‟sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestor

eallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificresearch,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymu

chunlimited,Ithink.Therearestilldurabilityandotherproblemstoworkout,butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.12.Whatdow

eknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagraph?A.It‟sdelicate.B.It‟scomplex.C.It‟sflexible.D.It‟sexpensive.13.Whatdo

estheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.SkanskaandAdamTargowski.B.MalinkiewiczandSkanska.C.SoleilTechnologies.D.P

erovskitepanels.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.B.Scientiststhinkper

ovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.C.Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.D.Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassag

e?A.Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepanels.B.Tointroduceperovskitepanels.C.Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.D.Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovs

kietcells.Passage3WanderingtheBritishMuseum,youcanseesomeofthefinestobjectsevercreatedbyhumanhands.Butsomeofourmostpre

ciousobjectsarethingsthatwereoncethrownaway.Today,theyhavebecomeinvaluabletoolsforlearningaboutthepast

.OndisplayinRoom3,Disposable?exhibitsagroupofobjects:findsfromStapleHowe,asettlementsometimebetween700BCand450BC.Thesepotpieces,

animalbones,andtoolswerecastasidewhentheywerenolongeruseful.Thousandsofyearslatertheyallowustostudythepeoplewhomade,used,andthrewth

emaway.FromStapleHowe‟srubbishweknowthatitsinhabitantswereveryresourceful:abrokenpotwasrecycledtomakeaspind

lewhorl,andarazorhasbeenheavilysharpenedtolengthenitslife.ThesecondhalfoftheDisposable?displaysthehu

manimpactofmodemwasteinthePacificIslandnations.Single-useproductsmadefromplasticareoftenthrownawaypoorly.Thishasledtoalmosteigh

tmillionmetrictonsofplasticenteringouroceanseveryyear.AsimpleyettechnicallybeautifulyellowfishingbasketmadebyGuamart

istGuerrerohighlightstheplasticwasteprobleminthePacific.Forcenturies,fishingbasketsinGuamweremadeofcoconutleavesbuthereGuerrerousedplastic

wrappingfoundonhislocalbeach.Whilethebasketismadeusingtraditionaltechniques,theplasticwrappingismoredurablethanplantfi

bers.Guerrerohasfoundacreativeandpracticalwaytogivethissingle-usematerialasecondlife.CommunitiesacrosstheP

acificareworkingtogethertofighttheproblemthroughre-purposingthrown—awayitemsandbanningsomesingle-useplasticitems.However,theselocalrespon

sescanbynomeansreducethescaleoftheproblem.Theplasticcrisiscannotbelefttoindividualsorcommunitiesandwilltakeaconcerted

internationaleffortbygovernmentsacrosstheglobe.IftherubbishfromStapleHowecanhelpusbuildstoriesanddetailsofpeopleli

vinginancientBritain,whatcantoday‟splasticrubbishtellusaboutourselves?12.WhyarethedesertedobjectsinStapleHowevaluable?A.Theywer

ecreatedbyhand.B.Theywerebeautifullydecorated.C.Theyconsistofpreciousmaterials.D.Theybearinformationoflife

inthepast.13.InwhichwaydidGuerrerochangethetraditionalfishingbasket?A.Material.B.Technique.C.Color.D.Wrappi

ng.14.Theexhibition,Disposable?________.A.isdisplayedintworoomsB.isheldbyPacificcommunitiesC.displaysbothancientandmodemitemsD.shows

StapleHowe‟sinfluenceonPacificcommunities15.Whatdoesthewritersuggestabouttheplasticcrisis?A.Leavingittoindividuals.B.Holdinginternational

concerts.C.LocalresponsesfromStapleHowe.D.Aunitedeffortbyglobalgovernments.Passage4Timemagazinelisteditstopinventionsof2019,som

eofwhichwillsurelybecomeabigpartofoureverydaylivesoverthenextdecade.Herearesomewe'remostlookingforwa

rdto.●Virtual（虚拟的）surgeryAccordingtoHarvardBusinessReview,ourcurrentsystemoftrainingsurgeonscan'tkeepupwiththespeedoftechnologic

aldevelopment.“Evenafter4yearsofcollege,4yearsofmedicalschooland5yearsofadvancedtrainingafterworking,30%ofgraduatesstillcan'toperateo

ntheirown,”saidJustinBarad,whoistheCEOandco-founderofOssoVR.ThisVRsoftwareismadetogivedoctorsvirtualoperating-roomexperiencesotheycanpracticea

ndprepareforsurgeries.Apparently,itworks.GideonBlumsteinofCaliforniaUniversityconductedastudyonusingOssoVR.Histeam

foundthatparticipants'overallsurgicalperformanceimprovedbyanastonishing230%overtraditionaltrainingmethods.●Vendingvegg

ies（出售素食）"Eathappier.”That'stheFarmersFridgeadvertisingmessage.Itisagoodone,asthiscompanywantstobringfresh,healt

hyfoodtopeopleonthego.It'stryingtochangemorethanjustfood,though.Italsowantstochangethedeliverymethod.FarmersFridgehascreateditsveryownautomaticmac

hines.Theycanbeplacedinhigh-trafficareas.Thesesuper-smartvendingmachinescanknowtheircontentsatanymoment,andcanallowcustomerstoreser

veandpayinadvance.Theycanevenlearnaboutwhatcustomerswant.ShaynaHarrisisthecompany'sChiefGrowthOfficer.“Wehavedevelope

dsalads,sandwichesandbreakfastitemsthattasteasfreshasifyouweretomaketheminyourhomekitchen,”shesaidinaninterviewwithInsiderTrends.●Recyclingpoll

utionWhenwewritewithblackink,we'rewritingwithsoot—apowdermadebyburningcoaloroil.Carsaremachinesthatproducesoot.Tocollectthesoot,AnirudhSharma,creato

rofAIR-INK,madeadevicecalledKaalink,whichattachestoavehicle‟sexhaustpipe（排气管）.Oncecollected,it'smadeintoi

nkcolorandmixedwithvegetableoiltocreateinks,markersandpaintswiththebrandAIR-INK.“Idon'tknowifit'spollution,bu

tthequalityoftheinkisreallyspecial,”saidartistKristopherHo.“It'sblack,reallythickanddriesextremelyquickly.”TheGuardiandescribesAIR-INKas"remarkably

green”.Each30-milliliterpencontainsbetween40—50minutesofairpollution,whileeach6-literspraycanhold2,000minutesofdieselexhaust（

柴油废气）.Inthepastyear,Sharmasaid,histeamhascleanednearly1.7trillion（万亿）litersofairinIndiaandHongKong.1.WhatcanbeknownaboutOssoVR?A

.Itisanassistanttohelpsurgeonsdooperations.B.Itcanperformoperationsonpatientsautomatically.C.Itoffersdoctorsa

virtualenvironmenttopracticesurgeries.D.Itisapieceofsoftwaretohelpmedicalstudentsdoresearch.2.WhatmakesFarmersFridged

ifferentandspecial?A.Whyitsadvertisementworks.B.Whatitsvendingmachinessell.C.Howitsvendingmachinesoperate.D.Whereitsvendingmachinesserv

e.3.WhatattitudedoesKristopherHoholdtowardAIR-INK?A.Doubtful.B.Casual.C.Disapproving.D.Positive.4.Whatistheauthor‟s

mainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toencouragescientiststomaketechnologicalinventions.B.Totellreaderssomeofthelatestinventionsintechnology.

C.Tocallonpeopletokeepupwithtechnologicaldevelopment.D.Toraiseeveryone'sawarenessoftheenvironmentalprotection.Passage5"WhenIwa

s16yearsold,IwasdivinginGreece,butIwasdisappointedbecauseIsawmoreplasticbagsthanfish.”ThesearethewordsofBoyanSlat,anengineerwhodesignedtheworld'

sfirstoceanplasticcleanupsystem.Everyyear,morethan8milliontonsofplasticsendupinouroceans,accordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgramme.Itispre

dictedthattheweightofoceanplasticswillmatchtheweightofallthefishinouroceansby2050.Topreventthisfromhappening,in2013

SlatcreatedtheOceanCleanup,anenvironmentalnon¬governmentalorganization,andputhisplanforanoceancleanupdeviceintoaction.A

fteryearsofresearchanddevelop¬mentintheNetherlands,adevicecalledSystem001/BsuccessfullystartedgatheringplasticsonOctober2,2019.Thedevice

usesa600-meter-longC-shapedtubetogatherallthefloatingrubbish.Unlikeothercleanupmethods,thesystemfloatsfreelyaccordingtothe

directionofthewaves,whichallowswastetoflowintoandstaywithinthedevice.Aseaanchorisattachedtoeitherend.Thi

sslowsdownthesystemasitfloatsthroughthewaterandallowsthefaster-movingrubbish,carriedbythewaves,toflowintoitsmouth.System001/Bcanal

socollectwastebelowthesurfaceusinga3-meter-deepskirt（挡板）attachedtotheend.Afterbeinggathered,thetrashwillbedraggedbackto

shorebyboatandrecycled.Rightnow,thesystemoperatesintheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,anareathatis3timesthesizeofFrance.Onceoperational,theOc

eanCleanupexpectsafullfleettobeabletoclear50%oftheGreatPacificGarbagePatchin5years."Itremainstobeseenwhet

herthisdreamwillbecomeareality,butitisundeniablethathumanitymustworktogethertoreduceourplasticuseandrepairthedamageourwastehascaused

,"Slatsaid."Wearestartingtoseeayounggenerationthatgetsitandisexcitedaboutasustainable（可持续的）future,butthequestionstillcomesdownto:Arewegoi

ngfastenough,andhowmuchdamagewillhavebeendonebeforewegetthere?"12.Theunderlinedword“match”inParagraph2probablymeans“_______

__”.A.compareB.equalC.measureD.cover13.WhydidBoyanSlatcreatetheOceanCleanup?A.Tocollectoceanplasticwaste.B.TohelptoinventSystem00

1/B.C.Toprotectthelivingenvironmentoffish.D.Todoresearchontheoceanenvironment.14.WhatcanweknowaboutSystem001/B?A

.Itcancollectandrecyclegarbageatthesametime.B.Itcanonlygatheroceanwastewhichfloatsonthewater.C.Itaimstoclearu

ptheGreatPacificGarbagePatchinfiveyears.D.Itisanocean-cleaningdevicewhichhasalreadybeenputtouse.15.WhatdoesSlatwanttotellusaccordingtothelastpara

graph?A.Younggenerationscarelessabouttheenvironment.B.Thefutureecologyoftheoceansisdeeplyworrying.C.Peopleshouldworkhardtode

creaseplasticpollution.D.It'squitedifficulttorepairthedamagetotheenvironment.Passage6Aroundtheworld,bananaplantsaredyingatanalarmingrate.Theyarebein

gattackedbyaformofPanamadiseasecalledTropicalRace4(TR4).TR4isafungus(真菌)thatlivesinsoil.Itinfectsbananaplantsthroughtherootsandmoves

intothestemswhereitpreventswaterandnutritionfromreachingtheplants‟leaves.Theplantsturnyellow,andthentheydryu

panddie.Farmers,experts,andindustryleadershavefearedthatTR4wouldhitLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,whereabout85%ofbananasex

portedworldwidearegrown.OnAugust8,2019,thosefearscametrue.ColombiadeclaredanationalemergencyascasesofTR4wereconfirmed

atsixbananafarmsinthecountry.ItcantakesixmonthstoayearforfarmerstospotTR4inafieldofbananaplants.Bythen,it'shardtotreatthedise

ase.Farmerscanonlytrytokeepitfromspreading.ButTR4spreadseasilywithincreasedhumantransportation,travel,andt

rade,fromplanttoplantandfromfarmtofarm.Partoftheproblemisthat99%ofbananasexportedareofthesamevariety:Cavendish.Thisishelpfulforthebananaindustr

ytogrowmorebananaswhentheygrowonlyonekind,whichmeanstheycanmakemoremoney.Butalackofdiversityisnotgoodfor

nature.AllCavendishbananasaregeneticallythesame,so,whenadiseasesuchasTR4strikes,theyareallequallyvulnera

ble.Thisisn'tthefirsttimeinhistorythatbananashavebeenindanger.Beforethe1950s,nearlyallthebananasgrownforexportwereofonevariety:GrosMi

chel.ThenPanamadiseasehit.Thebananaindustryneededareplacement,soitturnedtoadifferenttypeofbanana:Cavendish,wh

ichwasresistanttoPanamadisease.Evenifwefindawaytoresolvetoday'sbananacrisis(危机),couldhistoryrepeatitself,yetagain,indecadestocom

e?8.HowdoesTR4killbananaplants?A.Itdestroystherootsofbananaplants.B.Iteatsupbananaplants‟stemsandleaves.C.Itconsumesa

llnutritionforbananaplants.D.Itblocksthebananaplants‟nutritiontransport.9.WhatisthemostbasicinfightingTR4?A.FindingTR

4assoonaspossible.B.KeepingCavendishfromspreading.C.DevelopingnewmedicinesforTR4.D.Plantingvarietiesoffruitsbesidesbananas.10.Whatdoes

theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Veryresistant.B.Easilyhurt.C.Quitesafe.D.Hardlypro

ductive.11.Whatcanweknowaboutgrowingbananasfromthetext?A.MostexportedbananasaregrowninNorthAmerica.B.AlmostallexportedbananasareCavendishbananas.C.C

avendishbananasaren‟tresistanttoPanamadisease.D.GrosMichelwillreplaceCavendishasexportedbananas.Passage7WhenpeoplethinkaboutBritishmu

sic,forthemostparttheythinkaboutthe60sor70swiththelikesofTheBeatlesandTheRollingStonesormoremodernartistslikeAdeleorEdSheeran.How

ever,stuckbetweenthesetwoageswas,inmyopinion,Britishmusic‟sbestperiod.The90swereanoptimistictimeforBritainandindeedEurop

e,withtheeconomyrecoveringfromthelowsofthe80sandtheColdWarending.Oneofthedefiningfeaturesof90smusicwasthebirthof“Britpop”.T

hiswasastyleofpopmusicthataimedtopromote“Britishness”andcommonlyfeaturedelectricguitars,drumsandmale

singers.Britpopwasthestyleusedbyworld-famousbandssuchasOasis,Blur,PulpandSuedewhobecameknownas“TheBigFour”.Thesumme

rof1995wasdominatedbythe“BattleofBritpop”whichwasbetweenBlurandOasisforthenumberonespot.Eventually,BlurwonthebattleandOasissettledforsecond.However,t

he90sweren‟tonlyfortheboys,withmajorfemalegroupsalsofindingfame,themostwell-knownofwhichwere“theSpiceGirls”whowereextrem

elypopularinBritainandaroundtheworld.Onceagaintheypromoted“Britishness”andhadcatchymelodiesandlyrics,buttheyalsost

artedthe“GirlPower”movementwhichhelpedempowergirlsandwomenworldwide.Itisn‟ttoofartoassumethatwithouttheirmus

ic,manyfemalesingersandartistswhowelovetodaywouldnothavehadtheconfidencetopursuetheirdream.Britishmusicmayhav

ehadmanygreattimes,howeverthe90sareoftenoverlooked.AlthoughIwasnotalivetoenjoythemusicproperly,the90shadahugeimpactonBritishcul

turethatcanbefelttodayandIfeelthatthedecadeshouldgettherecognitionitdeserves!4.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.TheColdWarcam

etoanendinthe80s.B.Britain‟seconomybegantopickupinthe90s.C.TheBeatlesrepresentedthebestBritishmusic.D.Adeleisbettert

hanEdSheeraninmodernmusic.5.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Britpop.B.Britishness.C.TheBigFour.D.BattleofBri

tpop.6.What‟sthemostimportantinfluenceof“theSpiceGirls”accordingtothetext?A.Promoting“Britishness”.B.Empoweringgirl

sandwomen.C.Creatingcatchymelodies.D.Findingfameforfemalegroups.7.Thewriterthinkstheimpactofthe90smusiconBritishcultureis________.A

.underestimatedB.well-recognizedC.fairlyevaluatedD.reasonablydoubtedPassage8Recently,researchersattheUniversityofTorontofiguredoutawaywit

haquickvideoselfietoaccuratelymeasurebloodpressurewithyoursmartphone‟scamerabydevelopingatechnologyknownastransdermalopticalimaging(TOI)(透皮

光学成像).Camerasonsmartphonescancatchredlightreflectedfromhemoglobin(血红素）underourskin,whichpermitsTOItovisualizeandmeasurebloodflowchanges.Researchersme

asuredthebloodpressureof1,328CanadianandChineseadultsbygettingtwo-minutevideosoftheirfacesonaniPhone.“Fromthevideogotbythetechnology,you

canseehowthebloodflowsindifferentpartsofthefaceandthroughthisflow,youcangetalotofinformation,”saidKangLee,leadauthorofthestudy.Leealsohelpe

dcreateanappcalledAnura,whichallowspeopletotryouttheTOIsoftwareforthemselves,givingthemtheabilitytorecorda30-secondvideooft

heirfaceandreceivemeasurementsforstresslevelsandrestingheartrate.Leesaidmoreresearchwasneededtomakesurethat

themeasurementswereasaccurateaspossible,explainingthatthestudydidn‟ttestpeoplewithverydarkorveryfairskin.“Inordertoimproveourapptomakeitusable,parti

cularlyforpeoplewithhypertension(高血压)，weneedtocollectalotofdatafromthem,whichisveryhardbecausealotofthemarealreadytakingmedicine,”Leeexp

lained.“Wecannottellthemnottotakemedicine,butfromtimetotime,wegetparticipantswhodon‟ttakemedicinesowecangethypertensivepeoplethisway.”

Thescientistssaidthereweremanypotentialapplicationsofthetechnology,includingprovidinghealthservicesfor

thosewholivedinremoteareas.12.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2？A.InformationofferedbyTOI.B.Newfindingsonhypertension

.C.HowTOIisputintosmartphones.D.HowtheTOItechnologyworks.13.Whatmightpeoplebenefitfromthenewtechnologymentionedabove?A.Livingalifefreef

romstress.B.Improvingtheheartfunctiongradually.C.Accessinghealthservicesforfree.D.Knowingabnormalbloodpressureearlier.14.What

canbedoneforabetterAnura?A.Equippingphoneswithbettercameras.B.Allowingphonestorecordlongervideos.C.Collectingdatafrommor

ediversesamples.D.Persuadingparticipantsnottotakemedicine.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A.Topredictfut

ureapplicationsofTOI.B.TointroduceTOIandanapprelated.C.Todescribefunctionsofcamerasonphones.D.Toevaluatethequalityofa

nappcalledAnura.Passage9Iaminmy40s,buttodayIlookmorelikeateenagegirl.NotbecauseI'mwearingthelatestfashionorhavingawildhairda

y.It'sbecauseIhaveapimple(青春痘)thatlookslikeavolcanogettingreadytoeruptonmychin.“Mom,whatisthat?”my8-year-olddaughterLucyexc

laimed,pointingattheuglybumponmyface.Myin-lawswerevisitingandbroughtmeaboxofchocolates-oneofmyfavoritefoods.Eatingproperlyseemedlikeago

odideauntilIwasalonewiththatboxofchocolates!Ienjoyedthemgreatly,andmypimpleprovedmyenthusiasmclearly.Foodcanbealargeblockforme.Broccoli(西蓝花)seldo

mappealstome,butbakedgoodswithsugarorcrispychipscertainlydo.Ihavenoproblemdippingalargespoonintoajarofpeanutbutterorfrostingtosatisfymydesi

res.Butyouwon'tcatchmetastingaspoonfulofcottagecheeseforalate-nightsnack.Pleasedon'tmisunderstandme.Thereiscert

ainlyaplaceforcelebrationfoodssuchascakeandicecream.ButaregularservingofdailyjunkfoodrobsmeofthenutritionofferedinthefoodsIeat.Ik

nowIfeelbetteraftereatinganapplethanIdoaftereatingacandybar.It'ssoeasyinoursocietytoeatprocessedfoodoutofboxes,bags,andatthedrive-thru.Buttha

teasecomesatacost:Wesufferphysically.Ourtastebudsmaybevery,lacknutrition,whichopensthedoortodiseases,I'mtryingtoaskmyselfafewques

tionsbeforereachingforasnackormakingameal:Isthisreallyfood?IstheresomethingGodmadeinit?AmIreallyhungry?WillIfeelsatisfied,butourbodi

esbetteraftereatingthis?4.Whatmadetheauthorfeelshelookedlikeateenagegirl?A.Herwildhair.B.Heruglyface.C.Herfacialfeatures.D.Herfashio

nableclothes.5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Theauthoreatschocolatesasfood.B.Chocolatesmaycauseherpim

ples.C.Theauthor'sparents-in-lawoftenvisither.D.Theauthoreatschocolatestocurepimples.6.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor'seatinghabit?A.Itlackspro

tein.B.Itisn'tdelicious.C.Itmakesherhealthy.D.Itisn'tabalanceddiet.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsproc

essedfood?A.Favorable.B.Optimistic.C.Positive.D.Critical.Passage10GenerationsofpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveseenhighereducati

onasthebestpathtowardsawell-payingandsatisfyingjob.Butthecostofattendingcollegesanduniversitiesinthecountryhasincreasedg

reatlyoverthelast30years.Andthereisnoguaranteethatearningadegreewillleadtoajobthatpaysapersonenoughtos

upportafamily.So,somepeopleturntootherformsofeducationandtraining.Theseincludeprogramsthatleadtocredentials(证书)thatproveap

erson'sabilitiesinagivenfield,fromconstructiontohealthcare.Thesekindsofprogramsoftencostlessthantraditi

onaldegreeprograms.Andtheyusuallytakelesstimetocomplete.Newresearch,however,suggeststhattheseprogramsarenothelpingwomenasmuchastheyare

helpingmen.Itisfoundthatabout27percentofadultsinthecountryholdatleastoneofthesecredentials.Adultswhohadoneofthesenon-degreecredentia

lsmademoremoneyandweremorelikelytobeemployedthanthosewhodidnot.YetthepublicpolicyresearchgroupNewAme

ricafoundsometroublinginformationwithinthatdata.Expertstherefoundthatmenandwomenearnthesecredentialsataboutth

esamerate.Butmenwhohavethesamecredentialsaswomenaremorelikelytobeemployed.Theyalsomakemoremoney.Forexample

,74percentofmenwithacertificatebutnofour-yearcollegedegreewereemployed.Bycomparison,67percentofwomenwithacertificatebutnofour-yeardegreewereemployed.

Intermsofpay,46percentofwomenwithacredentialbutnofour-yeardegreemadelessthan$30,000ayear.Thesamewastruefo

r25percentofmen.Seventeenpercentofmenwithonlyanon-degreecredentialearnedmorethan$75,000.Justfivepercent

ofwomenwithsimilarcredentialsearnedthatmuch.8.Whatistheadvantageofnontraditionaldegreeprograms?A.Free

ofcharge.B.Lessexpensive.C.Interestingtoattend.D.Popularwithemployers.9.WhatinformationupsetNewAmericainthestudy?A.Womenlos

tinterestinnon-degreeprograms.B.Menlookeddownuponwomen.C.Menandwomenarenotequal.D.Womenareunwillingtowork.10.Howmanywome

nwithnon-degreecredentialsearnedmorethan$75,000?A.46%,B.25%.C.17%.D.5%.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Non-

degreeProgramsBenefitMenandWomenUnequallyB.Non-DegreeProgramsReplacetheTraditionalUniversitiesC.It'sUnfairThatMenandWomenG

etPaidDifferentlyD.CollegeCostsAreBecomingHigherandHigherPassage11Thekakapo,abirdthatlivesinNewZealand,isnotdesignedforsurvival.Weighingupt

o4kilograms,itistheworld'sfattestparrot.Itmates(交配)onlywhentherimutreeisinfruit,whichhappenseveryfewyears.Itdevelopedgraduall

yintheabsenceofland-basednaturalenemies,soinsteadofflyingabovethetreesitwalkslikeaduckacrossthedryforestfloor.W

henitmovesunsteadilyacrosssomethingthatmightkillit,itwillstandstill.Suchunusualcharacteristicsturneditintofastfoodforhuma

nsettlers,andforthecatsandratstheybroughtwiththem.Itseemedtohavedisappearedbythe1970s,untilscientistscam

eacrosstwoundiscoveredpopulationsinthecountry'ssouth.Thesesurvivorswereeventuallymovedtosmallenemy-freeisland

s,whereresearchershavespentdecadestryingtogetthemtobreed(繁殖).Thescientists'patienceisfinallyrewarded.Therim

uwasinfruitthisyear,andmorethan80chickshatched,makingthisthebestbreedingseasononrecord.Manyhavesurvivedintoadolescence,increasingthenumberofad

ultkakaposbyathird,to200birds.Anotherdangertothekakapoisalackofgeneticdiversity.Thisisonereasonwhyfewerthanhalfofkakapoeggs

hatch.Byarrangingthegenome(基因组)ofeverylivingbird,scientistscanidentifyclosely-relatedindividualsandputthemondifferentislands.Everybirdis

fittedwithsomethingtotrackitsslightestmovement.Ifafemalemateswithan"unsuitable”male,theprocesscanbestopped.Allt

heseeffortscostalmostNewZealand$1.3millionthisbreedingseason.Yetthekakapo'sfuturestilllooksunsafe.Earlierthisyearasevere

diseasetorethroughthepopulation.Andtinyasthenumberofkakaposis,spaceisrunningoutonthetwoislandswheremostofthemlive.N

ewenemy-freesettlementmustsoonbefound.8.Whichofthefollowingisadangerforthesurvivalofthekakapo?A.Itisthesmallestbirdintheworld.B.Itlacksexercisea

ndusuallystandsstill.C.Itadaptsslowlyingeneticdevelopment.D.Itcan'trespondactivelywhenfacingdanger.9.Inwhatwaymaythescientists'patienceberewarded?A.

Theyhatched80kakapos'eggsthisyear.B.Theytriedtomaketherimutreeinfruitthisyear.C.Twosurvivorsweremovedtoenemy-freeislands.D.50chicks

hatchedhavesurvivedintoadultsthisyear.10.Whydidthescientistsputkakapoindifferentislands?A.Tostopclosely-related

kakaposmating.B.Toincreasethepopulationofkakapo.C.Tostopfemalesmatingwithmales.D.Tohatchmorekakapos'egg

s.11.Accordingtotheauthor,theeffortstoprotectthekakapoinNewZealandare_______.A.successfulB.unsafeC.doubtfulD.inadequatePassag

e12“Newandimproved.”Thesewordsareputinsomanymarketingcampaignsthatwetendtoacceptthemaslinked.Butmanynewdrug

saren'tanimprovementoverthebestexistingdrugforagivencondition,andthefastdrug-approvalprocessesinrece

ntyearshaveaddedtotheuncertaintyabouttheiradvantages.ArecentreportintheBritishMedicalJournal,"NewDrugs:WhereDidWeGoWrongandWhat

CanWeDoBetter?,analysedtheissue,Theauthorslookedat216drugsapprovedbetween2011and2017；152werenewlydeveloped,and64wereexistingmedicineap

provedfornewuses.Only25%offeredamajoradvantageovertheestablishedtreatment,andfully58%hadnoconfirmedaddedbenefittoreducesymptomsorim

provehealth-relatedqualityoflife."Thisdoesn‟tmeanthere'snoaddedbenefit,"leadauthorWieselersaid.“Itjustmeanswehavenopositiveproof.Eitherwehavenos

tudiesorhavestudiesnotgoodenough.”Wieselerandherco-authorsworkforaGermaninstitutewhichevaluatesnewtreatmentsandadvisesonwhethe

rthecountry'shealthcaresystemshouldpayapremium(占)forthem.Suchorganizations,knownashealthtechnologyassessment(HTA)agencies,workalittledif

ferentlyintheUS,saysSeanTunis，aresearcherinBaltimore:“Ifpayersthinkanewdrugisn'tbetterthananexistingdrug，theseagencieswillrequire.that

hospitalstrythecheaperdrugfirst.”Germany'sHTAdemandstrialstoprovethatanewtreatmentbeatstheexistingstandard.Thisisn'talwayspracticalForonet

hing,suchstudiescanbeexpensiveandtime-consuming,withnoguaranteeofsuccess.Secondly,itcandiscouragecompan

iesfromattemptingtodevelopnewalternatives.Thisisalreadyhappening.Drugdevelopersareincreasinglyfocusedonareaswheretherearenogoodtreatmentstocompetewi

th,suchasrarediseases.ThislackofmeaningfuldatatoguidepatientsisamajorpointofWieseler'spaper-Withaccel

eratedapproval,therearemoreproductsapproved,withagreateramountofuncertaintyaboutrisksandbenefits.Butthereareo

thersolutionsbesidesdrugtrials.Oneideaistorequirepostmarketstudiestotracktheeffectivenessofnewlyapproveddrugs—asteptoo

oftenneglected.12.Whatmessagedoestherecentreportconvey?A.Manynewdrugshavenoimprovedadvantages.B.Theapprovalprocessesfornewdrugsaretoofast.C.Imp

roveddrugshaveadvantagesoveroldones.D.Before2017noimprovementwasmadetodrugs.13.WhatwillUSHTAagenciesdowhennoadvantageisfo

undinnewdrugs?A.Removegovernmentpremiumonthem.B.Gethospitalstousethecheaperdrugs.C.Arrangefinancialsupportforthepatients.D.Putnewdrugs

onfurthertrialsandstudies.14.What'sthedisadvantageofGermany'sHTAtrialdemands?A.Makingdrugcompaniesthinkofillegalwaystocutcost.B.Push

ingcompaniestotryalternativesforexistingdrugs.C.Gettingpatientstodependonthegovernmentforsupport.D.Holdingcompaniesbackfromimprov

ingexistingdrugs.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAdvantageofExistingDrugsB.MisunderstandingofNewandOldDrugsC.ADilemma

withNewDrugAlternativesD.PeopledPreferenceforNeworOldDrugsPassage13Thecombinationofdayandnightextremeheatwillon

lygetmorefrequent-andhotter-inthefuture.There‟snothinglikethecoolreliefofnightfallafteraswelteringsummerday.Asthewor

ldwarms,thisnaturalbalancemaybeshifting.Newresearchsuggeststhatanewtrendisontherise-extremeheatduringthedayfollowedbyextremeheatovernig

ht.AstudypublishedthisweekinNatureCommunicationsfindsthattheseday/nightextremeshavebecomebothhotterandmorefrequentsince1960.AcrosstheNorthern

Hemisphere,they‟veintensified(增强)byabout2½degreesFahrenheit,andthey‟reoccurringaboutfivedaysmorefrequentlyperyear.Co

ntinuedwarmingwillmakeitevenworse,theresearchsuggests.Inascenarioinvolvingaround3degreesCelsiusthroughou

ttherestofthecentury(orabout5.5F),thesecompoundextremeswillhappenaboutfourtimesmorefrequentlythantheydotoday(abouteightd

ayseachsummer).That‟sapproximatelytheamountofwarmingtheworldisontrackfortoday,expertssay,ifgreenhousegasemissionsdon‟t

startfallingatafasterpace.Inthefuture,“ahotdayaccompaniedbyahotnightwithoutreliefforhumansmightbea„newnorm,‟”saidstudyco-authorYangChenoft

heChineseAcademyofSciencesinanemailtoE&ENews.“Theserapidincreasesarelargelyoverlookedinpreviousstudies.”D

ayandnightextremesaremorethanjustamatterofcomfort,theauthorssay.They‟realsoapotentialthreattohumanhealthandnaturallandscapes.Thest

udydidn‟tdirectlyexaminehumanhealthimpacts.Butotherresearchhassuggestedthatprolongedexposuretoextremetemperaturescanwo

rsentheoddsofheatstrokeorotherheat-relatedillnesses,andcanaffectplantgrowth.Withoutthereprieveofacoolevening,

livingthingsmayhavelessopportunitytorecoverfromtheeffectsofthedaytimeheat,theauthorssuggest.“Currentknowledgeaboutcombineddaytime-nighttimehotextrem

esremainstoosparsetoinformdevelopmentoftype-specificadaptationandreliefstrategies,”thestudysays.“Overlookingt

hiscompoundingeffectmayleadtoseriousunderestimateofheat-inducedconsequences.”12.Whichstatementofdayandnightextreme

sistrueaccordingtothestudy?A.They‟veintensifiedbyabout2½℉andoccur5daysmorefrequentlyperyearglobally.B.Theirrapi

dincreaseshavebeenpaidmuchattentiontobymanyresearchersintheirstudies.C.Theywon‟toccuronlyifgreenhousegasemissionsstartfallingduringthedaytimeD.Possi

blytheywillhappenabout32dayspersummerthroughtherestofthecentury.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reprieve”mean?A.shiftB.reliefC.th

reatD.adaptation14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Adequateresearcheshavebeendoneintodayandnightextremes.B.Hu

manscanadapttoandrelievedayandnighthotextremeseasily.C.Ignoringtheissueonthehotextremesmaycontributetosevereconsequences.D.Underestimatingthec

ompoundingeffectofhotextremeswillcausethreatstoman.15.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thedangersofhotdaysandnightsareontherise.B.Continued

warmingwillmaketheearthevenworse.C.Withtheworldwarming,thenaturalbalancemaybeshifting.D.Greenhousegasemissionsareinc

reasingatafasterpace.Passage14Anestimated70percentofcatsand60percentofdogsintheU.S.areoverweightorobese,

sochancesarethatyourpetneedstoloseweightratherthanpackonsomepounds,It'snotalwayseasytotellifyourpetcouldaffordtoloseafew,but

therearesomeothersignsthatcantipyouoff,Oneimportantfactor:thewaist.''Mostpeopledon'tknowwhatanormalcatshouldlooklike,''saysRo

mine.''Butcatsshouldhavewaists,too,''Thevetsaysyoushouldbeabletofeelyourpet'sribs(肋骨)throughitscoat,andwhe

nyoulookdownatthem,theyshouldhaveanhourglass(沙漏)shape-justlikeaperson.''Forsomeoverweightpets,youmaywan

ttoswitchtoanewfoodentirely;foodswith'light'or'healthyweight'labelsusuallyhaveanincreasedfibercontenttohelpt

hedogorcatfeelfuller,''Rominenotes.''Anotheroptionistofeedthemlessofthefoodtheycurrentlyeat,''Freemansuggests.''Mak

esureyou'rereducingtablescraps(残羹剩饭)andhigh-calorietreatslikepetbiscuits,''shesays.It'simportanttofi

gureoutwhatyourpet'sidealweightisasyou'rehelpingthemtolose.Romineadvisesworkingwithyourvettogettherightnumber,andifyou'refollowingtheportionguideli

nesoftenprintedonfoodlabels,feedthemtheamountoffoodassociatedwiththeweightyouwantthemtobe,ratherthantheweig

httheycurrentlyare.Foodisn'ttheonlyfactorthatcanimpactyourpet'sweight.Rominestressestheimportanceofexercisein

keepingyourpethealthy.Forcats,just10minutesofindoorplayeachdaycanmakeadifference.Fordogs,lettingthemoutinthebackyardtodotheirbusinessisnotenough,You'

llhavetoexercisewithyourdogtoreallygetitmoving.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutmostcatsinAmericafromthetext?A.T

heyneedtoloseweight.B.Theyneedtobefedmorefood.C.Theyneedtopackonpounds.D.Theyneedtobemoreenergetic.13.Whichfoodcanhelpo

verweightpets?A.Thefoodwithandecreasedfiber.B.Thefoodfromtablescraps.C.Thefoodwith''light''labels.D.Thefoo

dwithanewlabel.14.Whatisanimportantfactortokeeppetshealthy?A.Apartner.B.Protein.C.Petbiscuits.D.Exercise.15.Fromwhichisth

etextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Apetmagazine.D.Arecipebook.Passage15Anestima

ted70percentofcatsand60percentofdogsintheU.S.areoverweightorobese,sochancesarethatyourpetneedstoloseweightratherthanpackonsomepou

nds,It'snotalwayseasytotellifyourpetcouldaffordtoloseafew,buttherearesomeothersignsthatcantipyouoff,Oneimportantfactor:thewai

st.''Mostpeopledon'tknowwhatanormalcatshouldlooklike,''saysRomine.''Butcatsshouldhavewaists,too,''Thevetsaysyous

houldbeabletofeelyourpet'sribs(肋骨)throughitscoat,andwhenyoulookdownatthem,theyshouldhaveanhourglass(沙

漏)shape-justlikeaperson.''Forsomeoverweightpets,youmaywanttoswitchtoanewfoodentirely;foodswith'light'or'healthyweight'labelsusuallyhaveanincr

easedfibercontenttohelpthedogorcatfeelfuller,''Rominenotes.''Anotheroptionistofeedthemlessofthefoodtheycurrentlyeat,''Freemansuggests

.''Makesureyou'rereducingtablescraps(残羹剩饭)andhigh-calorietreatslikepetbiscuits,''shesays.It'simportanttofigureoutwhatyourpet'side

alweightisasyou'rehelpingthemtolose.Romineadvisesworkingwithyourvettogettherightnumber,andifyou'refollowingtheportionguidelinesoftenprint

edonfoodlabels,feedthemtheamountoffoodassociatedwiththeweightyouwantthemtobe,ratherthantheweighttheycurrentlyare.Foodisn'ttheonlyfactortha

tcanimpactyourpet'sweight.Rominestressestheimportanceofexerciseinkeepingyourpethealthy.Forcats,just10minutesofindoorplayeac

hdaycanmakeadifference.Fordogs,lettingthemoutinthebackyardtodotheirbusinessisnotenough,You'llhavetoexercisewithyourdogtoreallygetitmoving.12.Whatcanw

elearnaboutmostcatsinAmericafromthetext?A.Theyneedtoloseweight.B.Theyneedtobefedmorefood.C.Theyneedtopackonpounds.D.Theyneedtobemoreene

rgetic.13.Whichfoodcanhelpoverweightpets?A.Thefoodwithandecreasedfiber.B.Thefoodfromtablescraps.C.Thefo

odwith''light''labels.D.Thefoodwithanewlabel.14.Whatisanimportantfactortokeeppetshealthy?A.Apartner.B.Protei

n.C.Petbiscuits.D.Exercise.15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Apetmagazine.D.A

recipebook.