【文档说明】高考英语三轮冲刺押题精选02 阅读理解说明文（原卷版） .doc，共(20)页，320.000 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-74647.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

押题精选02阅读理解说明文Passage1SpaceXwillsoonhaveawholefleetofshinysilverStarshipprototypes(原型),ifallgoesaccordi

ngtotheplan.ElonMuskgavehisannualupdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket,respectively,thatt

hecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMars.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-si

zeStarshipprototype,whoseassembly(组装)wascompletedjustdaysbeforeMusk'stalk.SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hi

ghtestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Musksaid.Andamuchmoreambitiousjourneyshouldfollowinrelativelyshortorder.“Imean,thisisgoingtosoundt

otallyunrealistic,butIthinkwewanttotrytoreachorbitinlessthansixmonths.”ButtheMk1won'tmakethatmilestoneflight.Thathonourwillbelikelytogoto

Mk4orMk5Starshipversion,Muskadded.StarshipMk2isalreadyunderconstructionandshouldbefinishedwithinthenextco

upleofmonthsatmost.SpaceXplanstobeginbuildingtheMk3atBocaChicainaboutamonth,andthatprototypewilllikelybereadytoflyaboutthreemonthsf

romnow.TheMk4willtakeshapeinFloridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.LikemostofMusk'splans,thesecon

structionschedulesarequiteambitious.SpaceXspentalotoftimeontheMk1,afterall;constructionworkonthatvehiclegoesallthewaybacktoatleastDecember2018.Butthe

companyhaslearnedalotduringthetime,sogettingaStarshiptoorbitbythespringof2020shouldbeachievable,Mustsaid.The

Mk1andMk2StarshipsareequippedwiththreeofSpaceX‟snext-generationRaptorengines.VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRapto

rs,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.AtpresentSpaceXisbuildingoneRapt

oreveryeighttotendaysbutshouldpickupthepaceobviouslyinthecomingmonths.TherecordwillskyrocketwhenSpaceXstartsb

uildingtheSuperHeavy,whichwon'thappenuntilStarshipMk4isdone.ThegoalistogettooneRaptorperdaybyearly2020atthelatest.ThefinalStarshipcouldt

aketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.AndJapanesebillionaireYusakuMaezawahasbookedacrewedflightaroundt

hemoonaboardthesystem,withatargetlaunchdateof2023.12.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStarshipMk1?A.Itisanimaginarypasse

nger-carryingvehicle.B.Itisanunmannedreusablelargespaceship.C.Itisascaled-downversionofSuperHeavy.D.Itisastainless-steelspaceshipunderconstr

uction.13.HowwillMk5bepoweredaccordingtothetext?A.BythreeofSpaceX'snextgenerationRaptorengines.B.ByfourofSpaceX'snext-generationRa

ptorengines.C.ByfiveofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.D.BysixofSpaceXsnext-generationRaptorengines.14.Whichofthefollowingistr

ueaboutMk4comparedwiththeformerStarships?A.Itwilltakeupto100passengerstospace.B.ItisthefirsttomakeatestflightorbitingMars.C.Ithasbeenunderconstructi

onforaboutoneyear.D.ItisexpectedtogointoEarth'sorbitbeforelong.15.WhyisYusakuMaezawamentionedinthelastparagraph?A.TheprojectofSpaceXispro

mising.B.Spaceexplorationhascaughtonworldwide.C.SpaceXtakestheleadintheaerospacefield.D.Morefinancialsupportisdesperatelyneeded.Pass

age2Solarpowerishelpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhererigidsolarpanels(刚性太阳能电池板)c

ango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(钙钛矿)cangoalmostanywhere,saysphysicistOlgaMali

nkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthesurfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesai

ls.Wecanuseitintheballs,tentsandunlimitedapplications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbecomeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearc

hers.Becauseitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeanink

jetprinter.Sheco-foundedacompanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructioncompanySkanskaistestingt

hepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable(可持续的)developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theyworkperfectly,

evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculatesthatabou

tonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday‟sworthofpowerforoneworker‟scomputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetterasresearchcontinues,saysthecompany‟

sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestoreallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificre

search,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymuchunlimited,Ithink.Therearestilldurabilityandothe

rproblemstoworkout,butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.12.Whatdoweknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagra

ph?A.It‟sdelicate.B.It‟scomplex.C.It‟sflexible.D.It‟sexpensive.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Ska

nskaandAdamTargowski.B.MalinkiewiczandSkanska.C.SoleilTechnologies.D.Perovskitepanels.14.Whatcanweinferfromthela

stparagraph?A.Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.B.Scientiststhinkperovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.C.Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.D

.Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepane

ls.B.Tointroduceperovskitepanels.C.Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.D.Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovskietcells.Passage3WanderingtheB

ritishMuseum,youcanseesomeofthefinestobjectsevercreatedbyhumanhands.Butsomeofourmostpreciousobjectsarethingsthat

wereoncethrownaway.Today,theyhavebecomeinvaluabletoolsforlearningaboutthepast.OndisplayinRoom3,Disposable?exhibitsagroupofobjects:f

indsfromStapleHowe,asettlementsometimebetween700BCand450BC.Thesepotpieces,animalbones,andtoolswerecastasidewhentheywerenolongeruseful.Thous

andsofyearslatertheyallowustostudythepeoplewhomade,used,andthrewthemaway.FromStapleHowe‟srubbishweknowthatitsinh

abitantswereveryresourceful:abrokenpotwasrecycledtomakeaspindlewhorl,andarazorhasbeenheavilysharpenedtolen

gthenitslife.ThesecondhalfoftheDisposable?displaysthehumanimpactofmodemwasteinthePacificIslandnations.S

ingle-useproductsmadefromplasticareoftenthrownawaypoorly.Thishasledtoalmosteightmillionmetrictonsofplasticenteringouroc

eanseveryyear.AsimpleyettechnicallybeautifulyellowfishingbasketmadebyGuamartistGuerrerohighlightstheplasticwasteprobleminthePacific.Force

nturies,fishingbasketsinGuamweremadeofcoconutleavesbuthereGuerrerousedplasticwrappingfoundonhislocalbeach

.Whilethebasketismadeusingtraditionaltechniques,theplasticwrappingismoredurablethanplantfibers.Guerrerohasfoundacreativea

ndpracticalwaytogivethissingle-usematerialasecondlife.CommunitiesacrossthePacificareworkingtogethertofighttheproblemthroughre-purposingthrown—awa

yitemsandbanningsomesingle-useplasticitems.However,theselocalresponsescanbynomeansreducethescaleoftheproblem.Theplasticcris

iscannotbelefttoindividualsorcommunitiesandwilltakeaconcertedinternationaleffortbygovernmentsacrosstheglobe.IftherubbishfromStapleHo

wecanhelpusbuildstoriesanddetailsofpeoplelivinginancientBritain,whatcantoday‟splasticrubbishtellusaboutourselves?12.Whyarethedesertedobjec

tsinStapleHowevaluable?A.Theywerecreatedbyhand.B.Theywerebeautifullydecorated.C.Theyconsistofpreciousmaterials.D.Theybearinformationoflifeinthepast.

13.InwhichwaydidGuerrerochangethetraditionalfishingbasket?A.Material.B.Technique.C.Color.D.Wrapping.14.Theexhib

ition,Disposable?________.A.isdisplayedintworoomsB.isheldbyPacificcommunitiesC.displaysbothancientandmodemitemsD.sh

owsStapleHowe‟sinfluenceonPacificcommunities15.Whatdoesthewritersuggestabouttheplasticcrisis?A.Leavingittoindividuals.B.

Holdinginternationalconcerts.C.LocalresponsesfromStapleHowe.D.Aunitedeffortbyglobalgovernments.Passage4Timemagazinelisteditstopinventionsof2019,s

omeofwhichwillsurelybecomeabigpartofoureverydaylivesoverthenextdecade.Herearesomewe'remostlookingforwardto.●Virtua

l（虚拟的）surgeryAccordingtoHarvardBusinessReview,ourcurrentsystemoftrainingsurgeonscan'tkeepupwiththespeedo

ftechnologicaldevelopment.“Evenafter4yearsofcollege,4yearsofmedicalschooland5yearsofadvancedtrainingafterworking,3

0%ofgraduatesstillcan'toperateontheirown,”saidJustinBarad,whoistheCEOandco-founderofOssoVR.ThisVRsoftwareismadetogivedoctorsvirtualoperating-roomex

periencesotheycanpracticeandprepareforsurgeries.Apparently,itworks.GideonBlumsteinofCaliforniaUniversityconductedastudyonusingO

ssoVR.Histeamfoundthatparticipants'overallsurgicalperformanceimprovedbyanastonishing230%overtraditionaltrainingmethods.●Vendingveggies（出售素食）"Eathapp

ier.”That'stheFarmersFridgeadvertisingmessage.Itisagoodone,asthiscompanywantstobringfresh,healthyfoodtopeopleont

hego.It'stryingtochangemorethanjustfood,though.Italsowantstochangethedeliverymethod.FarmersFridgehascreateditsveryownautom

aticmachines.Theycanbeplacedinhigh-trafficareas.Thesesuper-smartvendingmachinescanknowtheircontentsatanymoment

,andcanallowcustomerstoreserveandpayinadvance.Theycanevenlearnaboutwhatcustomerswant.ShaynaHarrisisthecompany'sChiefGrowthOfficer.“Weh

avedevelopedsalads,sandwichesandbreakfastitemsthattasteasfreshasifyouweretomaketheminyourhomekitchen,”shesaidinanin

terviewwithInsiderTrends.●RecyclingpollutionWhenwewritewithblackink,we'rewritingwithsoot—apowdermadebyburningcoaloroil.Cars

aremachinesthatproducesoot.Tocollectthesoot,AnirudhSharma,creatorofAIR-INK,madeadevicecalledKaalink,whichattachestoavehicle‟sexha

ustpipe（排气管）.Oncecollected,it'smadeintoinkcolorandmixedwithvegetableoiltocreateinks,markersandpaintswiththebrandAIR-INK.“Idon'tknowifit

'spollution,butthequalityoftheinkisreallyspecial,”saidartistKristopherHo.“It'sblack,reallythickanddriesextremelyqu

ickly.”TheGuardiandescribesAIR-INKas"remarkablygreen”.Each30-milliliterpencontainsbetween40—50minutesofairpolluti

on,whileeach6-literspraycanhold2,000minutesofdieselexhaust（柴油废气）.Inthepastyear,Sharmasaid,histeamhascleanednearly1.7trillion（万亿）liter

sofairinIndiaandHongKong.1.WhatcanbeknownaboutOssoVR?A.Itisanassistanttohelpsurgeonsdooperations.B.Itcanperformoperationsonpatientsau

tomatically.C.Itoffersdoctorsavirtualenvironmenttopracticesurgeries.D.Itisapieceofsoftwaretohelpmedicalstudentsdore

search.2.WhatmakesFarmersFridgedifferentandspecial?A.Whyitsadvertisementworks.B.Whatitsvendingmachinessell.C.Howitsvend

ingmachinesoperate.D.Whereitsvendingmachinesserve.3.WhatattitudedoesKristopherHoholdtowardAIR-INK?A.Doubtfu

l.B.Casual.C.Disapproving.D.Positive.4.Whatistheauthor‟smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toencouragescientiststomaketechn

ologicalinventions.B.Totellreaderssomeofthelatestinventionsintechnology.C.Tocallonpeopletokeepupwithtechnologicaldev

elopment.D.Toraiseeveryone'sawarenessoftheenvironmentalprotection.Passage5"WhenIwas16yearsold,Iwasdivi

nginGreece,butIwasdisappointedbecauseIsawmoreplasticbagsthanfish.”ThesearethewordsofBoyanSlat,anengineerwhodesignedtheworld'sfirstoceanplasticclean

upsystem.Everyyear,morethan8milliontonsofplasticsendupinouroceans,accordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgramme.Itispredictedthattheweightofoceanpl

asticswillmatchtheweightofallthefishinouroceansby2050.Topreventthisfromhappening,in2013SlatcreatedtheOceanC

leanup,anenvironmentalnon¬governmentalorganization,andputhisplanforanoceancleanupdeviceintoaction.Afteryearsofresearchanddevelop¬mentintheNetherlands

,adevicecalledSystem001/BsuccessfullystartedgatheringplasticsonOctober2,2019.Thedeviceusesa600-meter-longC-shapedtubetoga

therallthefloatingrubbish.Unlikeothercleanupmethods,thesystemfloatsfreelyaccordingtothedirectionofthewaves,whichallow

swastetoflowintoandstaywithinthedevice.Aseaanchorisattachedtoeitherend.Thisslowsdownthesystemasitfloatsthroughthewaterandallowsthefaster-

movingrubbish,carriedbythewaves,toflowintoitsmouth.System001/Bcanalsocollectwastebelowthesurfaceusing

a3-meter-deepskirt（挡板）attachedtotheend.Afterbeinggathered,thetrashwillbedraggedbacktoshorebyboatandrecycled.Rightnow,thesystemoperatesintheGreatPacif

icGarbagePatch,anareathatis3timesthesizeofFrance.Onceoperational,theOceanCleanupexpectsafullfleettobeab

letoclear50%oftheGreatPacificGarbagePatchin5years."Itremainstobeseenwhetherthisdreamwillbecomeareality,butitisu

ndeniablethathumanitymustworktogethertoreduceourplasticuseandrepairthedamageourwastehascaused,"Slatsaid."Wearestartingtoseeayounggenera

tionthatgetsitandisexcitedaboutasustainable（可持续的）future,butthequestionstillcomesdownto:Arewegoingfastenough,andhowmuchdamagewillhave

beendonebeforewegetthere?"12.Theunderlinedword“match”inParagraph2probablymeans“_________”.A.compareB.equalC.measureD

.cover13.WhydidBoyanSlatcreatetheOceanCleanup?A.Tocollectoceanplasticwaste.B.TohelptoinventSystem001/B.C.Toprotectthelivingenvironmentoffish.D.To

doresearchontheoceanenvironment.14.WhatcanweknowaboutSystem001/B?A.Itcancollectandrecyclegarbageatthesametime

.B.Itcanonlygatheroceanwastewhichfloatsonthewater.C.ItaimstoclearuptheGreatPacificGarbagePatchinfiveyears.D

.Itisanocean-cleaningdevicewhichhasalreadybeenputtouse.15.WhatdoesSlatwanttotellusaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Younggenerationscareless

abouttheenvironment.B.Thefutureecologyoftheoceansisdeeplyworrying.C.Peopleshouldworkhardtodecreaseplasticpollution.D.It'squitedifficulttor

epairthedamagetotheenvironment.Passage6Aroundtheworld,bananaplantsaredyingatanalarmingrate.TheyarebeingattackedbyaformofPanamadiseasecalle

dTropicalRace4(TR4).TR4isafungus(真菌)thatlivesinsoil.Itinfectsbananaplantsthroughtherootsandmovesintothestemswhereitpreventswaterandnutritio

nfromreachingtheplants‟leaves.Theplantsturnyellow,andthentheydryupanddie.Farmers,experts,andindustryleadershavefearedthatTR4wou

ldhitLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,whereabout85%ofbananasexportedworldwidearegrown.OnAugust8,2019,thosefearscametrue.Colombiadeclaredanation

alemergencyascasesofTR4wereconfirmedatsixbananafarmsinthecountry.Itcantakesixmonthstoayearforfarmers

tospotTR4inafieldofbananaplants.Bythen,it'shardtotreatthedisease.Farmerscanonlytrytokeepitfromspreading.ButTR4spreadseasilywithin

creasedhumantransportation,travel,andtrade,fromplanttoplantandfromfarmtofarm.Partoftheproblemisthat99%ofbananasexportedareofthes

amevariety:Cavendish.Thisishelpfulforthebananaindustrytogrowmorebananaswhentheygrowonlyonekind,whichmeanstheycanmakemoremoney.But

alackofdiversityisnotgoodfornature.AllCavendishbananasaregeneticallythesame,so,whenadiseasesuchasTR4strikes,theyare

allequallyvulnerable.Thisisn'tthefirsttimeinhistorythatbananashavebeenindanger.Beforethe1950s,nearlyallthebananasgrownforexportwereofonevariet

y:GrosMichel.ThenPanamadiseasehit.Thebananaindustryneededareplacement,soitturnedtoadifferenttypeofbanana:Cavendish,whichwasresistanttoPan

amadisease.Evenifwefindawaytoresolvetoday'sbananacrisis(危机),couldhistoryrepeatitself,yetagain,indecadestocome?8.How

doesTR4killbananaplants?A.Itdestroystherootsofbananaplants.B.Iteatsupbananaplants‟stemsandleaves.C.Itconsumesallnutritionforbananaplants

.D.Itblocksthebananaplants‟nutritiontransport.9.WhatisthemostbasicinfightingTR4?A.FindingTR4assoonaspossible.B.KeepingCavendishfromspreadin

g.C.DevelopingnewmedicinesforTR4.D.Plantingvarietiesoffruitsbesidesbananas.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparag

raph3probablymean?A.Veryresistant.B.Easilyhurt.C.Quitesafe.D.Hardlyproductive.11.Whatcanweknowaboutgrowingbananasfromthe

text?A.MostexportedbananasaregrowninNorthAmerica.B.AlmostallexportedbananasareCavendishbananas.C.Cavendishbananasaren‟tresistanttoPanamadisease.D.

GrosMichelwillreplaceCavendishasexportedbananas.Passage7WhenpeoplethinkaboutBritishmusic,forthemostparttheythinkaboutthe60sor70swiththe

likesofTheBeatlesandTheRollingStonesormoremodernartistslikeAdeleorEdSheeran.However,stuckbetweenthesetwoa

geswas,inmyopinion,Britishmusic‟sbestperiod.The90swereanoptimistictimeforBritainandindeedEurope,withtheeconomyrecove

ringfromthelowsofthe80sandtheColdWarending.Oneofthedefiningfeaturesof90smusicwasthebirthof“Britpop”.Thiswasastyleofpopmusicthatai

medtopromote“Britishness”andcommonlyfeaturedelectricguitars,drumsandmalesingers.Britpopwasthestyleusedbywor

ld-famousbandssuchasOasis,Blur,PulpandSuedewhobecameknownas“TheBigFour”.Thesummerof1995wasdominatedbythe“BattleofBritpop”whichwasbetweenBlur

andOasisforthenumberonespot.Eventually,BlurwonthebattleandOasissettledforsecond.However,the90sweren‟tonlyfortheboys,withmaj

orfemalegroupsalsofindingfame,themostwell-knownofwhichwere“theSpiceGirls”whowereextremelypopularinBritainandaroundtheworld.O

nceagaintheypromoted“Britishness”andhadcatchymelodiesandlyrics,buttheyalsostartedthe“GirlPower”movementwhichhelpedem

powergirlsandwomenworldwide.Itisn‟ttoofartoassumethatwithouttheirmusic,manyfemalesingersandartistswhowelovetodaywouldno

thavehadtheconfidencetopursuetheirdream.Britishmusicmayhavehadmanygreattimes,howeverthe90sareoftenoverlooked.AlthoughIwasnotalivetoenjoythemusicprope

rly,the90shadahugeimpactonBritishculturethatcanbefelttodayandIfeelthatthedecadeshouldgettherecognitioni

tdeserves!4.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.TheColdWarcametoanendinthe80s.B.Britain‟seconomybegantopickupinthe90s.C.TheBeatlesrepresentedt

hebestBritishmusic.D.AdeleisbetterthanEdSheeraninmodernmusic.5.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Britpop.B.Britishness.C.TheBigFou

r.D.BattleofBritpop.6.What‟sthemostimportantinfluenceof“theSpiceGirls”accordingtothetext?A.Promoting“British

ness”.B.Empoweringgirlsandwomen.C.Creatingcatchymelodies.D.Findingfameforfemalegroups.7.Thewriterthinkstheimpactofthe90smusiconBritishcultureis

________.A.underestimatedB.well-recognizedC.fairlyevaluatedD.reasonablydoubtedPassage8Recently,researchersattheU

niversityofTorontofiguredoutawaywithaquickvideoselfietoaccuratelymeasurebloodpressurewithyoursmartphone‟scamerabydeve

lopingatechnologyknownastransdermalopticalimaging(TOI)(透皮光学成像).Camerasonsmartphonescancatchredlightreflectedfromhemoglobin(血红素）u

nderourskin,whichpermitsTOItovisualizeandmeasurebloodflowchanges.Researchersmeasuredthebloodpressureof1,328CanadianandChines

eadultsbygettingtwo-minutevideosoftheirfacesonaniPhone.“Fromthevideogotbythetechnology,youcanseehowthebloodflowsindiffer

entpartsofthefaceandthroughthisflow,youcangetalotofinformation,”saidKangLee,leadauthorofthestudy.LeealsohelpedcreateanappcalledAn

ura,whichallowspeopletotryouttheTOIsoftwareforthemselves,givingthemtheabilitytorecorda30-secondvideooftheirfaceand

receivemeasurementsforstresslevelsandrestingheartrate.Leesaidmoreresearchwasneededtomakesurethatthemeasureme

ntswereasaccurateaspossible,explainingthatthestudydidn‟ttestpeoplewithverydarkorveryfairskin.“Inordertoimproveourapptomakeitusable,particula

rlyforpeoplewithhypertension(高血压)，weneedtocollectalotofdatafromthem,whichisveryhardbecausealotofthemar

ealreadytakingmedicine,”Leeexplained.“Wecannottellthemnottotakemedicine,butfromtimetotime,wegetparticipantswhodon‟ttakemedicinesowecangethyper

tensivepeoplethisway.”Thescientistssaidthereweremanypotentialapplicationsofthetechnology,includingprovidinghealthservicesforthosewholived

inremoteareas.12.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2？A.InformationofferedbyTOI.B.Newfindingsonhypertension.C.HowTOIisputintosm

artphones.D.HowtheTOItechnologyworks.13.Whatmightpeoplebenefitfromthenewtechnologymentionedabove?A.Livingalifefreefromstress.B.Improvingthehe

artfunctiongradually.C.Accessinghealthservicesforfree.D.Knowingabnormalbloodpressureearlier.14.Whatcanbedoneforabet

terAnura?A.Equippingphoneswithbettercameras.B.Allowingphonestorecordlongervideos.C.Collectingdatafrommoredivers

esamples.D.Persuadingparticipantsnottotakemedicine.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A.Topredictfutureap

plicationsofTOI.B.TointroduceTOIandanapprelated.C.Todescribefunctionsofcamerasonphones.D.Toevaluatethequalityofanappcalled

Anura.Passage9Iaminmy40s,buttodayIlookmorelikeateenagegirl.NotbecauseI'mwearingthelatestfashionorhavingawildhairday.It'sbecause

Ihaveapimple(青春痘)thatlookslikeavolcanogettingreadytoeruptonmychin.“Mom,whatisthat?”my8-year-olddaughterLu

cyexclaimed,pointingattheuglybumponmyface.Myin-lawswerevisitingandbroughtmeaboxofchocolates-oneofmyfavoritefoo

ds.EatingproperlyseemedlikeagoodideauntilIwasalonewiththatboxofchocolates!Ienjoyedthemgreatly,andmypimpleprovedmyenthusiasmclearly.Foodcan

bealargeblockforme.Broccoli(西蓝花)seldomappealstome,butbakedgoodswithsugarorcrispychipscertainlydo.Ihavenoproblemdipp

ingalargespoonintoajarofpeanutbutterorfrostingtosatisfymydesires.Butyouwon'tcatchmetastingaspoonfulofcottagecheeseforalate-nightsn

ack.Pleasedon'tmisunderstandme.Thereiscertainlyaplaceforcelebrationfoodssuchascakeandicecream.Butaregula

rservingofdailyjunkfoodrobsmeofthenutritionofferedinthefoodsIeat.IknowIfeelbetteraftereatinganapplethanIdoaft

ereatingacandybar.It'ssoeasyinoursocietytoeatprocessedfoodoutofboxes,bags,andatthedrive-thru.Butthateasecomesa

tacost:Wesufferphysically.Ourtastebudsmaybevery,lacknutrition,whichopensthedoortodiseases,I'mtryingtoaskmyselfafewqu

estionsbeforereachingforasnackormakingameal:Isthisreallyfood?IstheresomethingGodmadeinit?AmIreallyhungry?WillIfeelsatisfied,butourbodiesbetteraft

ereatingthis?4.Whatmadetheauthorfeelshelookedlikeateenagegirl?A.Herwildhair.B.Heruglyface.C.Herfacialfeatures.D.Herfashionableclot

hes.5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Theauthoreatschocolatesasfood.B.Chocolatesmaycauseherpimples.C.Theauthor'sparents-in-lawo

ftenvisither.D.Theauthoreatschocolatestocurepimples.6.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor'seatinghabit?A.Itlacksprotein.

B.Itisn'tdelicious.C.Itmakesherhealthy.D.Itisn'tabalanceddiet.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsprocessedfood?A.Favorable.B.Optimistic.C.Positi

ve.D.Critical.Passage10GenerationsofpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveseenhighereducationasthebestpathtowardsawell-payingandsatisfyingjob.Butthec

ostofattendingcollegesanduniversitiesinthecountryhasincreasedgreatlyoverthelast30years.Andthereisnoguaranteethatearningade

greewillleadtoajobthatpaysapersonenoughtosupportafamily.So,somepeopleturntootherformsofeducationandtraining.Theseincludeprogramsthatleadtocredenti

als(证书)thatproveaperson'sabilitiesinagivenfield,fromconstructiontohealthcare.Thesekindsofprogramsoftencostle

ssthantraditionaldegreeprograms.Andtheyusuallytakelesstimetocomplete.Newresearch,however,suggeststhattheseprogramsaren

othelpingwomenasmuchastheyarehelpingmen.Itisfoundthatabout27percentofadultsinthecountryholdatleastoneoft

hesecredentials.Adultswhohadoneofthesenon-degreecredentialsmademoremoneyandweremorelikelytobeemployedthan

thosewhodidnot.YetthepublicpolicyresearchgroupNewAmericafoundsometroublinginformationwithinthatdata.Expertsther

efoundthatmenandwomenearnthesecredentialsataboutthesamerate.Butmenwhohavethesamecredentialsaswomenaremorelikelytobeemployed.They

alsomakemoremoney.Forexample,74percentofmenwithacertificatebutnofour-yearcollegedegreewereemployed.Bycompar

ison,67percentofwomenwithacertificatebutnofour-yeardegreewereemployed.Intermsofpay,46percentofwomenwithacredentialbutnofour-yeardegreemadel

essthan$30,000ayear.Thesamewastruefor25percentofmen.Seventeenpercentofmenwithonlyanon-degreecredentialear

nedmorethan$75,000.Justfivepercentofwomenwithsimilarcredentialsearnedthatmuch.8.Whatistheadvantageofnontraditionaldegree

programs?A.Freeofcharge.B.Lessexpensive.C.Interestingtoattend.D.Popularwithemployers.9.WhatinformationupsetNewAmericainthestudy?A.Womenlo

stinterestinnon-degreeprograms.B.Menlookeddownuponwomen.C.Menandwomenarenotequal.D.Womenareunwillingtowor

k.10.Howmanywomenwithnon-degreecredentialsearnedmorethan$75,000?A.46%,B.25%.C.17%.D.5%.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Non-degreePro

gramsBenefitMenandWomenUnequallyB.Non-DegreeProgramsReplacetheTraditionalUniversitiesC.It'sUnfairThatMenandWomenGetPaidDifferent

lyD.CollegeCostsAreBecomingHigherandHigherPassage11Thekakapo,abirdthatlivesinNewZealand,isnotdesignedforsurvival.Weighingupto4kilogr

ams,itistheworld'sfattestparrot.Itmates(交配)onlywhentherimutreeisinfruit,whichhappenseveryfewyears.Itdevelopedg

raduallyintheabsenceofland-basednaturalenemies,soinsteadofflyingabovethetreesitwalkslikeaduckacrossthedryf

orestfloor.Whenitmovesunsteadilyacrosssomethingthatmightkillit,itwillstandstill.Suchunusualcharacteristicsturneditintofastfoodforhumansettlers,and

forthecatsandratstheybroughtwiththem.Itseemedtohavedisappearedbythe1970s,untilscientistscameacrosstwoundisc

overedpopulationsinthecountry'ssouth.Thesesurvivorswereeventuallymovedtosmallenemy-freeislands,whereresearchershavespentdecades

tryingtogetthemtobreed(繁殖).Thescientists'patienceisfinallyrewarded.Therimuwasinfruitthisyear,andmorethan80chickshatched,mak

ingthisthebestbreedingseasononrecord.Manyhavesurvivedintoadolescence,increasingthenumberofadultkakaposbyathird

,to200birds.Anotherdangertothekakapoisalackofgeneticdiversity.Thisisonereasonwhyfewerthanhalfofkakapoeggshatch.By

arrangingthegenome(基因组)ofeverylivingbird,scientistscanidentifyclosely-relatedindividualsandputthemondifferentisl

ands.Everybirdisfittedwithsomethingtotrackitsslightestmovement.Ifafemalemateswithan"unsuitable”male,the

processcanbestopped.AlltheseeffortscostalmostNewZealand$1.3millionthisbreedingseason.Yetthekakapo'sfuturestilllooksunsafe.Earlierthisyearasevere

diseasetorethroughthepopulation.Andtinyasthenumberofkakaposis,spaceisrunningoutonthetwoislandswheremostofthemlive.Newenemy-freesettlem

entmustsoonbefound.8.Whichofthefollowingisadangerforthesurvivalofthekakapo?A.Itisthesmallestbirdintheworl

d.B.Itlacksexerciseandusuallystandsstill.C.Itadaptsslowlyingeneticdevelopment.D.Itcan'trespondactivelywhenfacingdanger.9.Inwhatwaymaythe

scientists'patienceberewarded?A.Theyhatched80kakapos'eggsthisyear.B.Theytriedtomaketherimutreeinfruitthisyear.C.Twosurvivorsweremovedtoenemy

-freeislands.D.50chickshatchedhavesurvivedintoadultsthisyear.10.Whydidthescientistsputkakapoindifferentislands?A.Tos

topclosely-relatedkakaposmating.B.Toincreasethepopulationofkakapo.C.Tostopfemalesmatingwithmales.D.Tohatchmorekakapos'e

ggs.11.Accordingtotheauthor,theeffortstoprotectthekakapoinNewZealandare_______.A.successfulB.unsafeC.doubtfulD.inadequa

tePassage12“Newandimproved.”Thesewordsareputinsomanymarketingcampaignsthatwetendtoacceptthemaslinked.Butmanynewdrugs

aren'tanimprovementoverthebestexistingdrugforagivencondition,andthefastdrug-approvalprocessesinrecentyearshaveadd

edtotheuncertaintyabouttheiradvantages.ArecentreportintheBritishMedicalJournal,"NewDrugs:WhereDidWeGoWrongandWhatCanW

eDoBetter?,analysedtheissue,Theauthorslookedat216drugsapprovedbetween2011and2017；152werenewlydeveloped,and64wereexistingmedicineapprov

edfornewuses.Only25%offeredamajoradvantageovertheestablishedtreatment,andfully58%hadnoconfirmedaddedbenefittoreducesymptomsorimprovehealth-relatedqu

alityoflife."Thisdoesn‟tmeanthere'snoaddedbenefit,"leadauthorWieselersaid.“Itjustmeanswehavenopositiveproof.E

itherwehavenostudiesorhavestudiesnotgoodenough.”Wieselerandherco-authorsworkforaGermaninstitutewhichevaluatesnewtreatmentsandadvises

onwhetherthecountry'shealthcaresystemshouldpayapremium(占)forthem.Suchorganizations,knownashealthtechnologyassessment(HTA)agencies,workalittlediffer

entlyintheUS,saysSeanTunis，aresearcherinBaltimore:“Ifpayersthinkanewdrugisn'tbetterthananexistingdrug，theseagencieswillrequire.thathospitals

trythecheaperdrugfirst.”Germany'sHTAdemandstrialstoprovethatanewtreatmentbeatstheexistingstandard.Thisisn'talways

practicalForonething,suchstudiescanbeexpensiveandtime-consuming,withnoguaranteeofsuccess.Secondly,itcandiscouragecompaniesfroma

ttemptingtodevelopnewalternatives.Thisisalreadyhappening.Drugdevelopersareincreasinglyfocusedonareaswheretherearenogood

treatmentstocompetewith,suchasrarediseases.ThislackofmeaningfuldatatoguidepatientsisamajorpointofWieseler'spaper-Withacceleratedapp

roval,therearemoreproductsapproved,withagreateramountofuncertaintyaboutrisksandbenefits.Butthereareothersolutionsbesid

esdrugtrials.Oneideaistorequirepostmarketstudiestotracktheeffectivenessofnewlyapproveddrugs—asteptoooftenneglected.12.Whatmessagedoestherec

entreportconvey?A.Manynewdrugshavenoimprovedadvantages.B.Theapprovalprocessesfornewdrugsaretoofast.C.Improveddrugshaveadvantagesoveroldones.

D.Before2017noimprovementwasmadetodrugs.13.WhatwillUSHTAagenciesdowhennoadvantageisfoundinnewdrugs?A.Removegovernmentpremiumonthem.B.Gethosp

italstousethecheaperdrugs.C.Arrangefinancialsupportforthepatients.D.Putnewdrugsonfurthertrialsandstudies.

14.What'sthedisadvantageofGermany'sHTAtrialdemands?A.Makingdrugcompaniesthinkofillegalwaystocutcost.B.Pushingcompanie

stotryalternativesforexistingdrugs.C.Gettingpatientstodependonthegovernmentforsupport.D.Holdingcompaniesbackfromimprovingexistingd

rugs.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAdvantageofExistingDrugsB.MisunderstandingofNewandOldDrugsC.A

DilemmawithNewDrugAlternativesD.PeopledPreferenceforNeworOldDrugsPassage13Thecombinationofdayandnightextremeheatwillonlygetmorefrequent-an

dhotter-inthefuture.There‟snothinglikethecoolreliefofnightfallafteraswelteringsummerday.Astheworldwarms,thisnaturalbalan

cemaybeshifting.Newresearchsuggeststhatanewtrendisontherise-extremeheatduringthedayfollowedbyextremeheatovernig

ht.AstudypublishedthisweekinNatureCommunicationsfindsthattheseday/nightextremeshavebecomebothhotteran

dmorefrequentsince1960.AcrosstheNorthernHemisphere,they‟veintensified(增强)byabout2½degreesFahrenheit,andthey‟reocc

urringaboutfivedaysmorefrequentlyperyear.Continuedwarmingwillmakeitevenworse,theresearchsuggests.Inascenarioinvolvingaround3degreesCelsi

usthroughouttherestofthecentury(orabout5.5F),thesecompoundextremeswillhappenaboutfourtimesmorefrequentlythantheydotoday(abouteightd

ayseachsummer).That‟sapproximatelytheamountofwarmingtheworldisontrackfortoday,expertssay,ifgreenhousegasemissionsdo

n‟tstartfallingatafasterpace.Inthefuture,“ahotdayaccompaniedbyahotnightwithoutreliefforhumansmightbea„ne

wnorm,‟”saidstudyco-authorYangChenoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinanemailtoE&ENews.“Theserapidincreasesarelar

gelyoverlookedinpreviousstudies.”Dayandnightextremesaremorethanjustamatterofcomfort,theauthorssay.They‟realsoapotentialthreattohumanhealthandnatura

llandscapes.Thestudydidn‟tdirectlyexaminehumanhealthimpacts.Butotherresearchhassuggestedthatprolonge

dexposuretoextremetemperaturescanworsentheoddsofheatstrokeorotherheat-relatedillnesses,andcanaffectplantgrowth.Withoutthereprieveofacooleve

ning,livingthingsmayhavelessopportunitytorecoverfromtheeffectsofthedaytimeheat,theauthorssuggest.“Currentknowledgeaboutcom

bineddaytime-nighttimehotextremesremainstoosparsetoinformdevelopmentoftype-specificadaptationandreliefstrategies,”thestudysays.“Overlookingthiscompou

ndingeffectmayleadtoseriousunderestimateofheat-inducedconsequences.”12.Whichstatementofdayandnightextremesistrueaccordingtothestudy?A.They‟v

eintensifiedbyabout2½℉andoccur5daysmorefrequentlyperyearglobally.B.Theirrapidincreaseshavebeenpaidmuchattention

tobymanyresearchersintheirstudies.C.Theywon‟toccuronlyifgreenhousegasemissionsstartfallingduringthedayt

imeD.Possiblytheywillhappenabout32dayspersummerthroughtherestofthecentury.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reprieve”mean?A.shiftB.reliefC.thre

atD.adaptation14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Adequateresearcheshavebeendoneintodayandnightextrem

es.B.Humanscanadapttoandrelievedayandnighthotextremeseasily.C.Ignoringtheissueonthehotextremesmaycontributetosevereconsequences.D

.Underestimatingthecompoundingeffectofhotextremeswillcausethreatstoman.15.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thedangersofhotdays

andnightsareontherise.B.Continuedwarmingwillmaketheearthevenworse.C.Withtheworldwarming,thenaturalbalancemayb

eshifting.D.Greenhousegasemissionsareincreasingatafasterpace.Passage14Anestimated70percentofcatsand60perc

entofdogsintheU.S.areoverweightorobese,sochancesarethatyourpetneedstoloseweightratherthanpackonsomepo

unds,It'snotalwayseasytotellifyourpetcouldaffordtoloseafew,buttherearesomeothersignsthatcantipyouoff,Oneimportantfactor:thewaist.''Mostpeopledon'tk

nowwhatanormalcatshouldlooklike,''saysRomine.''Butcatsshouldhavewaists,too,''Thevetsaysyoushouldbeabletofeelyourpet'sribs

(肋骨)throughitscoat,andwhenyoulookdownatthem,theyshouldhaveanhourglass(沙漏)shape-justlikeaperson.''Forsomeoverweightpets,youm

aywanttoswitchtoanewfoodentirely;foodswith'light'or'healthyweight'labelsusuallyhaveanincreasedfibercontenttohelpthedogorcatfeelfull

er,''Rominenotes.''Anotheroptionistofeedthemlessofthefoodtheycurrentlyeat,''Freemansuggests.''Makesureyou'reredu

cingtablescraps(残羹剩饭)andhigh-calorietreatslikepetbiscuits,''shesays.It'simportanttofigureoutwhatyourpet'sidealweightisasyou'rehelpi

ngthemtolose.Romineadvisesworkingwithyourvettogettherightnumber,andifyou'refollowingtheportionguidelinesoftenprintedonfoodlabels,fee

dthemtheamountoffoodassociatedwiththeweightyouwantthemtobe,ratherthantheweighttheycurrentlyare.Foodisn'ttheonlyfactorth

atcanimpactyourpet'sweight.Rominestressestheimportanceofexerciseinkeepingyourpethealthy.Forcats,just10minutesofindo

orplayeachdaycanmakeadifference.Fordogs,lettingthemoutinthebackyardtodotheirbusinessisnotenough,You'll

havetoexercisewithyourdogtoreallygetitmoving.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutmostcatsinAmericafromthetext?A.Theyn

eedtoloseweight.B.Theyneedtobefedmorefood.C.Theyneedtopackonpounds.D.Theyneedtobemoreenergetic.13.Whichfoodcanhelpoverweightpets?A.Thefoodwithandec

reasedfiber.B.Thefoodfromtablescraps.C.Thefoodwith''light''labels.D.Thefoodwithanewlabel.14.Whatisanimportantfacto

rtokeeppetshealthy?A.Apartner.B.Protein.C.Petbiscuits.D.Exercise.15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.A

biologytextbook.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Apetmagazine.D.Arecipebook.Passage15Anestimated70percentofcatsand60percentofdogsintheU.S.areoverweightorobese,

sochancesarethatyourpetneedstoloseweightratherthanpackonsomepounds,It'snotalwayseasytotellifyourpetcouldaffordtoloseafew,buttherearesomeoth

ersignsthatcantipyouoff,Oneimportantfactor:thewaist.''Mostpeopledon'tknowwhatanormalcatshouldlooklik

e,''saysRomine.''Butcatsshouldhavewaists,too,''Thevetsaysyoushouldbeabletofeelyourpet'sribs(肋骨)through

itscoat,andwhenyoulookdownatthem,theyshouldhaveanhourglass(沙漏)shape-justlikeaperson.''Forsomeoverwei

ghtpets,youmaywanttoswitchtoanewfoodentirely;foodswith'light'or'healthyweight'labelsusuallyhaveanincreasedfibercontenttohelpthedogorcatfeelfuller,''R

ominenotes.''Anotheroptionistofeedthemlessofthefoodtheycurrentlyeat,''Freemansuggests.''Makesureyou'rereducingtablescraps(残羹剩饭)and

high-calorietreatslikepetbiscuits,''shesays.It'simportanttofigureoutwhatyourpet'sidealweightisasyou'rehelpingth

emtolose.Romineadvisesworkingwithyourvettogettherightnumber,andifyou'refollowingtheportionguidelinesoftenprintedonfoodlabe

ls,feedthemtheamountoffoodassociatedwiththeweightyouwantthemtobe,ratherthantheweighttheycurrentlyare.Foodisn'ttheonly

factorthatcanimpactyourpet'sweight.Rominestressestheimportanceofexerciseinkeepingyourpethealthy.Forcats,just10minutesofin

doorplayeachdaycanmakeadifference.Fordogs,lettingthemoutinthebackyardtodotheirbusinessisnotenough,You'llhavetoexercisewithyourdogtoreallygeti

tmoving.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutmostcatsinAmericafromthetext?A.Theyneedtoloseweight.B.Theyneedtobefedmorefood.

C.Theyneedtopackonpounds.D.Theyneedtobemoreenergetic.13.Whichfoodcanhelpoverweightpets?A.Thefoodwithandecreasedfiber.B.Thef

oodfromtablescraps.C.Thefoodwith''light''labels.D.Thefoodwithanewlabel.14.Whatisanimportantfactortokeeppetshealthy?A.Apartner.B.Protei

n.C.Petbiscuits.D.Exercise.15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Apetmagazine.

D.Arecipebook.